International Railway Signals

International Railway Signals TRANSPORTATION-MARKINGS: A STUDY IN COMMUNICATION MONOGRAPH SERIES Alternate Series Title: An Inter-modal Study of Safety Aids Alternate T-M Titles: Transport [ation] Mark [ings]s/Transport Marks/ Transportation Control Devices/Waymarks T-M Foundations, 6th edition, 2013 (Part A, Volume I, First Studies in T-M) (2nd ed, 1991; 3rd ed. 1999; 4th ed 2005; 5th ed 2008) A First Study in T-M: The US. 2nd ed, 1992 (Part B, Vol I) International Marine Aids to Navigation, 3rd ed, 2010 (Parts C/D, Vol I), (2nd ed, 1988) [Unified lst ed, Pts A-D, 1981, University Press of America] International Traffic Control Devices, 2nd ed, 2004 (Part E, Vol II, Further Studies in T-M) (lst ed, 1984). International Railway Signals, 2nd ed, 2015 (Part F, Vol II) (lst ed, 1991). International Aero Navigation, 1994 (Part G, Vol II) T-M General Classsification, 3rd ed, 2010 (Part H, Vol II) (lst ed, 1994; 2nd ed, 2003) Transportation-Markings Database: Marine, 2nd ed, 2007 (Part Ii, Vol III, Additional Studies in T-M) (lst ed, 1997) Road, 2nd ed, 2008 (Part Iii, Vol III) (lst ed, 1998) Aero, 2nd ed, 2009 (Part Iiii, Vol III) (1st ed, 2001) Railway, 2nd ed, 2009 (Part Iiv, Vol III) (lst ed, 2000) Composite Categories Classification & Index, 2nd ed, 2012 (Part Iv, Vol III) (2nd ed, 2006) Transportation-Markings: A Hiistorical Survey, 1750-2000, 2002 (Part J, Vol IV, Final Studies in T-M) Transportation-Markings: An Integrative Systems Perspective: Communication, Information, Semiotics. 2nd ed, 2014 (Part K, Vol IV) (lst ed, 2011) T-M General Table of Contents with Index, 9th ed, 2014 (lst-8th ed, 2002-2011) T-M INTERNATIONAL RAILWAY SIGNALS 2nd Edition Brian Clearman INTERNATIONAL RAILWAY SIGNALS 2nd Edition Brian Clearman Mount Angel Abbey Saint Benedict, Oregon 2015 Dedication: For Bonnie No More No More Does the Whistle Blow In The Lonesome Valley No More Copyright © 2015 by Mount Angel Abbey At Saint Benedict, OR 97373 All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data (lst ed) Clearman, Brian International railway signals/ Brian Clearman p. cm. -- (Transportation-Markings : a study in communication monograph series ; v. 2, pt. F) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN: 1. Railroads--Signalling. I. Title. II. Series: Clearman, Brian Transportation-Markings ; v. 2, pt. F. (TF615) 629.04’2 s--dc20 (625. 1’65) Alternate Classifications: TA 1245.C56 [Transportation Engineering: Signalling Equipment] 629.042 (DDC) [Health & Safety Engineering: Control Devices (Markings, Signals, Signs)] P99 (LC) [Semiotics Signs & Symbols] 001.56 (DDC) [Nonlinguistic Communication] TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ABBREVIATIONS CHAPTER ONE RAILWAY SIGNALLING: INTRODUCTION, A Introduction, Physical Properties & Semiotics of the Signal 1 Introduction 15 2 Physical Properties 17 3 Semiotics of the Signal 20 4 Note on Design 25 B Aspects of the History of Railway Signal 1 The Formative Period, 1830-1920 27 2 Further Development, 1920-1980 34 C Methodology of the Monograph 38 CHAPTER TWO CLASSIFICATION A The Main Classification 1 Introduction i T-M Background 47 ii Railway Signals & Classification 48 iii Forms of Safety Aids in Classification 49 2 Classification of Railway Signaling 50 3 Explanatory Notes 53 B Variant Classification 1 Introduction 61 2 Variant Classification 63 3 Variant Classification: Explanatory Notes 69 5 6 CHAPTER THREE COLORS AND MEANINGS A Toward Basic in Principle of Signaling 1 Meanings of Color in Railway Signaling 79 2 UIC Principles 82 3 The OSShD System 84 4 British Signal Practice 86 5 Signal Practice of Canada & US 87 6 Continental European Signal Practices 89 7 The Union of African Railways Signal System 91 B Color Usage in Signals, Signs & Markings 1 Basic Colors 94 2 Signal Colors: Combination 97 3 Less-Used Colors 100 4 Color Usage in Combination with Non- Color Symbols 103 CHAPTER FOUR ALL-LIGHTED SIGNALS & MESSAGES A Types of Signals 1 Color-Light Signals: Forms Configura 107 2 Semaphoric Signals in All-Lighted Forms: Position & Color-Position Light Signals 112 3 Cab Signals: Introduction & Types 115 4 Graphic, Geometric & Alphanumeric Types 116 B Messages For All-Lighted Signals 1 Introduction & Basic Messages 119 2 Complex Message Configurations 121 7 3 Messages for Position-Light & Color-Position Light Signals 126 4 Messages for Cab-Signals 129 5 Messages for Graphic, Geometric & Alphanumeric Signals 132 CHAPTER FIVE PARTIALLY-LIGHTED & UNLIGHTED SIGNALS SIGNS, MARKINGS & MESSAGE A Introduction to the Semaphore Signals 1 Background, Terminology & Characteristics 135 2 Models of the Semaphores: National, Regional, & Technical Considerations 138 B Messages for Semaphore Signals 1 Fully-Integrated Semaphore Signals 142 2 Partially & Non-Integrated Semaphore Models 145 C Signals Boards 1 Terminology, Types & Locations 148 2 Signal Board Messages 151 D Graphic & Geometric Signals 1 Terminology, Types of Signals, Signal Functions 157 2 Geometric Signals 160 3 Graphic Signals 162 E Messages for Geometric & Graphic Signals 1 Graphic Signals: Rotating & Revol- ing Discs & Panels 167 2 Free-Standing Geometric Signals & Geometric Signals Messages 169 8 F Non-Sign Markings 1 Problem of Terminology for Markings & Signs 175 Types & Messages for Non-Sign Markings 177 G Railway Signs 1 Introduction & Types 180 2 Messages for Signs 185 CHAPTER SIX OTHER SIGNALS: MOBILE & OTHER NON-TRACK- SIDE SIGNALS, ACOUSTIC & RADIO SIGNALS, INTER-MODAL DEVICES (LEVEL/GRADE CROSSINGS) A Mobile & Other Non-Trackside Signals 1 Introduction to Chapter 6 189 2 Introduction to 6A 190 B Acoustical Signals 1 Introduction & Detonators & Fuzees a) Introduction 196 b) Detonators & Fuzees 196 2 Other Acoustic Signals i) Level/Grade Crossings 198 ii) Cab Signals 199 iii) Other Forms 200 C Inter-Modal Devices (Grade/Level Crossings) a) Introduction 202 b) An Outline of Level/Grade Crossing Devices 203 2 Description of Terms & Messages a) Terms 204 b) Messages 205 9 GLOSSARY OF TERMS 207 APPENDICES: MAJOR RAILWAY SYSTEMS: SIGNAL TYPES & MESSAGES 215 BIBLIOGRAPHY 235 I SIGNAL CODE MATERIALS 237 II OTHER MATERIALS 244 INDICES: GENERAL 256 SIGN, SIGNAL & MARKINGS 261 NAMES OF PERSON & ORGANIZATION 273 10 PREFACE This monograph is the second edition of International Railway Signals. While it bears a substantial resemblance to the original study (1991) there are substantial changes. Terminology is a significant problem with railway safety devices. Signals, sign and markings were included in that first edition but a wide range of T-M forms were omitted including acoustical, radio aids and level/grade crossings. This is true both of terms and content. The summary of terms in this study contrasts with those of the railway database volume (2009): signals, signals, markers. That newer work includes a variety of terms not listed in the title and other apparatus. The diversity of railway devices is compounded by the lack of a more precise general term of railway signals that can encompass other forms. The earlier preface provided a sharp distinction between signals and signalling (the former is primary; the latter is peripheral). The latter term refers to the control and operation of signals and accompanying safety appliances and procedures (e.g., systems, block systems, interlockings, CTC, electronic configurations). While signalling is not a core issue in this study of apparatus devices producing messages and meanings it is an integral element of this study. The older edition often refers to messages but not the meaning. While message might encompass the meaning it is more accurate to speak of the physical appearance of the messages, and the semiotic meaning that becomes attached to the physical dimenson. 11 Source materials in the first edition employed many national systems of signals as well as well as a broad scope of information sources. This edition retains the older sources andt adds additional sources that broaden the range of information (e.g., IRSE) and select internet resources are also included (e.g., Railway Technical Web Pages). Statistics have been retained but newer sources can alter adjust the original information. This study is not intended to be a “super signal code” nor a general compendium of signals. Rather it is an introduction to safety devices including messages and accompanying meanings. (It is also an informal semiotics if one can agree with the view of some practioners of semiotics that analysis of any kind of sign can be semiotics even without the jargon). A mere describing and classifying of signals may fall short of even informal semiotics but it may provide a first beginning of a semiotics of railway signals. This monograph is more than twenty years old. That may suggest an extensive updating is required. Nonetheless, the original study manifests a coherent and integrated form and changes have been cautious. That may prove to be a feasible approach since many railway devices and systems have often maintained a stable state in which alterations are gradually implemented. And the traditional has often a long- enduring history even after replacement. 12 ABBREVIATIONS* COLORS G Green Y Yellow R Red B Black BL Blue W White P Purple LW Lunar White Combinations: GY, RG, RGY, etc: formed from single colors; see above list MESSAGE CAPABILITY PATTERNS C3M Changing Message/Multiple Message CMSM Changing Message/Single Message U3M Unchanging Message/Multiple Message UMSM Uunchanging Message/Single Message TECHNICAL TERMS SGTMOOT Signal Governing Train Movements on One Track SGTMFOTTAT Signals Governing Train

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