DOCSLIB.ORG

Paper in (Papilionidae) and Brush-Footed Butterflies (Nymphalidae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Paper in (Papilionidae) and Brush-Footed Butterflies (Nymphalidae) « Original Research Journal website : www.jeb.co.in E-mail : [email protected] Journal of Environmental Biology TM p-ISSN: 0254-8704 e-ISSN: 2394-0379 JEB CODEN: JEBIDP DOI : http://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/4(SI)/MRN-1535b Plagiarism Detector Grammarly Butterfly diversity in relation to host and nectar food plants in TNAU Botanical Garden, Coimbatore G. Vinithashri1 and J.S. Kennedy2* 1Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, India 2Department of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641 003, India *Corresponding Author Email : [email protected] Received: 24.12.2020 Revised: 24.02.2021 Accepted: 23.03.2021 Abstract Aim: The present study was undertaken to assess the food resources and butterfly diversity in Botanical Garden, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University. Methodology: The survey was conducted in targeted locality from September 2015 – October 2019 and butterflies sightings were recorded using a digital camera (Nikon D7200 with kit lens 18-105 mm, Tamron 200- 300 apo dg macro lens). Results: Total 95 species of butterflies were recorded in the garden. Among all families, the highest count was observed in Nymphalidae family followed by Lycaenidae (29 species), Pieridae (15 species), Hesperiidae (10 species) and Papilionidae (11 species). The relative diversity of Nymphalidae (31.57 %) and Lycaenidae (30.52 %) were higher. For Pieridae, RD value accounted for 15.78 % and 11.57 % for Papilionidae. RD value was least for Hesperiidae family (10.52 %). Out of 95 butterflies, the host plants of 88 butterflies were present in the garden itself. Fifteen nectar plants belonging to eleven families were most preferred nectar sources. Interpretation: The present study gives information Onlineof butterfly and its food plant diversity inCopy the garden. The obtained information will help in planting additional host and nectar plant resources to attract rare species. It also sheds light on the importance of survival of prominent nectar plants throughout the year for maintaining the butterfly abundance in garden. Key words: Butterfly, Conservation, Diversity, Host plants How to cite : Vinithashri, G. and J.S. Kennedy: Butterfly diversity in relation to host and nectar food plants in TNAU Botanical Garden, Coimbatore. J. Environ. Biol., 42, 1141-1151 (2021).. © Triveni Enterprises, Lucknow (India) Journal of Environmental Biology July 2021 Vol. 42 1141-1151 1142 G. Vinithashri and J.S. Kennedy: Butterfly diversity in TNAU Botanical Garden, Coimbatore Introduction between 15:00 and 17:00 hrs. During the survey, butterflies were classified into five categories based on their abundance. Butterflies are scaly winged colourful insects belonging The sighting of butterflies found 80-100% time were to the Order Lepidoptera and suborder Rhopalocera. Butterflies categorized as very common, 60-80% as common, 40-60% as play a prominent role in pollination (Kunte 2000, Tiple et al., uncommon, 10 – 40% as rare and below 10% as very rare. 2006, Atmowidi et al., 2007, Mukherjee et al., 2015) and also Images were captured with Nikon D 7200 camera fitted with 18- serve as both prey and predator in the food chain (Hammond 105 mm lens and none of the live specimens were collected. and Miller 1998, Rusman et al., 2016). The birds plan their Field guides and books were used for the identification of entire breeding season based on the abundance of caterpillars. butterflies (Bhakare et al., 2018; Evans,1927, Gunathilagaraj et Learning about biodiversity provides insight into the al., 2015; Kehimkar,2008; Wynter blyth,1957). mechanism and also explains the valuable ecosystem services rendered by the biological elements to the human kind. Survey Early stage of butterflies including egg, larval and pupae and monitoring of species diversity in a particular ecosystem were recorded. Identification of host plants and nectar plants help in understanding the valuable role played by the species. were done based on the information in the butterfly field guides Considering this aspect with reference to butterflies, they serve (Bhakare et al., 2018; Kehimkar, 2008). The study area was as indicators of a healthy ecosystem (Hill 1999; Kocher and intensively explored for the past five years (2015-2019) to assess Williams 2000; Koh and Sodhi 2004; Thomas 2005; Koh 2007). the diversity, nectar food sources and conservation priorities of They provide a deeper insight of spatio-temporal patterns of butterflies. Relative diversity was put forth as percentage of diversity both ecologically and taxonomically in urban occurrence. It was calculated the following formula: frameworks (Bonebrake et al., 2010; Samanta et al., 2017). No. of species observed in each family Percentage Occurrence = * 100 These scaly winged Lepidopterans have intimate Total number of species observed relationship with plants, and their life cycles are exceptionally The butterfly diversity was assessed using Shannon interlinked. (Feltwell, 1986). Ehrlich and Raven (1964) explained diversity index and Simpson’s Index of diversity: that butterflies are herbivores coevolved with plants and they developed a model for co-evolution of plants and butterflies. The Shannon diversity index H'= − ∑ pi ln pi food requirements of adult butterflies and caterpillars differ; adults rely on nectar sources like flowers and ripe fruits whereas the Where, pi denotes proportion of individuals in species caterpillars require specific host plants for meeting out their and is estimated using pi=ni/N: ni is the number of individuals in foliage needs (Nimbalkar et al., 2011). Habitat fragmentation and species and N is the total number of individuals in the community. decline in food resources including host and nectar plants are Ʃn(n-1) known to cause severe impact on butterfly populations (Clark et Simpson’s Index of diversity D= 1 ( N (N -1) ) al., 2007; Di Mauro et al., 2007). Considering the ecosystem services rendered by the butterflies and to promote the where, n is the total number of organisms of a particular conservation, the present study was taken to assess butterfly species; N is the total number of organisms of all species. diversity by preparing a checklist of butterflies in the Botanical Garden of TNAU and identify the host and nectar resources. Host plants present in the garden were recorded and are presented in Table. 1. Fifteen nectar plants belonging to Materials and Methods family Acanthaceae, Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Malvaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Lamiaceae, Rubiaceae and Verbanaceae The botanical garden is located in the premises of TNAU were recorded. campus, around 3.5 km from Coimbatore city, Tamil Nadu. The garden lies between 11.0418ºN and 76.93ºE at an elevation of Results and Discussion about 431 m. The botanical garden occupies an area of about 300 acres and it hosts a wide variety of flower crops, ornamental trees Total 95 species of butterflies were recorded in the and succulents. Flower crops were raised periodically and their garden. The details of recorded butterflies are furnished in Table presence influenced the diversity of butterflies. Butterflies belonging 1. Family composition of butterflies are presented in Fig. 1. The to five families namely- Papilionidae, Nymphalidae,Online Hesperiidae, species countCopy of Nymphalidae was highest (30 species), followed Pieridae and Lycaenidae were observed. Regular weekly visits by Lycaenidae (29 species), Pieridae (15 species), Hesperiidae were made for observing butterfly activity throughout the year (10 species) and Papilionidae (11 species). The relative diversity following the method of Pollard (1991). value was highest for family Nymphalidae (31.57%), followed by Lycaenidae (30.52%). For Pieridae, relative diversity value The study area was intensively explored for past five accounted for 15.78% and 11.57% for Papilionidae. It was least years (2015-2019) to assess the diversity, nectar food sources for Hesperiidae family (10.52%). Considering, Sub-family wise and conservation priorities of butterflies. Observations were distribution (Fig. 2), among 17 subfamilies, the species count of done between 08.30 am. and 12.00 pm. hrs (morning) and Polyommatinae (18), Lycaenidae was highest followed by ¨ Journal of Environmental Biology, July 2021¨ G. Vinithashri and J.S. Kennedy: Butterfly diversity in TNAU Botanical Garden, Coimbatore 1143 Pierinae (12) of Pieridae and Papilioninae (11) of Papilionidae. part IV of Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Lampides boeticus, The lowest species count of one was observed in the Charaxinae Charaxes solon, Euthalia aconthea, Hypolimnas missipus, of Nymphalidae, two subfamilies of Lycaenidae-Miletinae and Cepora nerissa are placed in Schedule II part II of Indian Wildlife Curetinae and Coeliadinae of Hesperiidae. Diversity indices Protection act, 1972. Euploea core and Appias libythea are values were 4.14 based on Shannon diversity index and 0.98 placed under Schedule IV. based on Simpson’s Diversity index. The Botanical Garden hosts wide variety of nectar plants These values obtained from dominance and Information like Aster sp., Bougainvillea glabra, Celosia argentea, Cosmos Statistic Indices showed the abundance, rich butterfly diversity sulphureus, Clerodendrum sp., Eupatorium odoratum, and evenness of species existing in the garden. Photographs of Gomphrena globosa, Ixora coccinea, Justicia adhatoda, Lantana butterflies are presented in Fig. 1-5 representing five families. camara, Morinda citrifolia, Solidago canadensis,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Journal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group GAJAH
    NUMBER 46 2017 GAJAHJournal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group GAJAH Journal of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group Number 46 (2017) The journal is intended as a medium of communication on issues that concern the management and conservation of Asian elephants both in the wild and in captivity. It is a means by which everyone concerned with the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), whether members of the Asian Elephant Specialist Group or not, can communicate their research results, experiences, ideas and perceptions freely, so that the conservation of Asian elephants can benefit. All articles published in Gajah reflect the individual views of the authors and not necessarily that of the editorial board or the Asian Elephant Specialist Group. Editor Dr. Jennifer Pastorini Centre for Conservation and Research 26/7 C2 Road, Kodigahawewa Julpallama, Tissamaharama Sri Lanka e-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Dr. Ahimsa Campos-Arceiz Dr. Prithiviraj Fernando School of Geography Centre for Conservation and Research University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus 26/7 C2 Road, Kodigahawewa Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Kajang, Selangor Julpallama, Tissamaharama Malaysia Sri Lanka e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Varun R. Goswami Heidi Riddle Wildlife Conservation Society Riddles Elephant & Wildlife Sanctuary 551, 7th Main Road P.O. Box 715 Rajiv Gandhi Nagar, 2nd Phase, Kodigehall Greenbrier, Arkansas 72058 Bengaluru - 560 097 USA India e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Dr. T. N. C. Vidya
    [Show full text]
  • (Lepidoptera: Insecta) from Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya
    Rec. zool. Surv. India: Vol 119(4)/ 463-473, 2019 ISSN (Online) : 2581-8686 DOI: 10.26515/rzsi/v119/i4/2019/144197 ISSN (Print) : 0375-1511 New records of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Insecta) from Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya Taslima Sheikh and Sajad H. Parey* Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri – 185234, Jammu and Kashmir, India; [email protected] Abstract Himalayas represents one of the unique ecosystems in terms of species diversity and species richness. While studying taxa of butterflies in Jammu and Rajouri districts located in Western Himalaya, fourteen species (Abisara bifasciata Moore, Pareronia hippia Fabricius, Elymnias hypermnestra Linnaeus, Acraea terpsicore Linnaeus, Charaxes solon Fabricius, Symphaedra nais Forster, Neptis jumbah Moore, Moduza procris Cramer, Athyma cama Moore, Tajuria jehana Moore, Arhopala amantes Hewitson, Jamides celeno Cramer, Everes lacturnus Godart and Udaspes folus Cramer) are recorded for the first time from the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Investigations for butterflies were carried by following visual encounter method between 2014 and 2019 in morning hours from 7 am to 11 am throughout breeding seasons in Jammu and Rajouri districts. This communication deals with peculiar taxonomical identity, common name, global distribution, IUCN status and photographs of newly recorded butterflies. Keywords: Butterflies, Himalayas, New Record, Species, Jammu & Kashmir Introduction India are 1,439 (Evans, 1932; Kunte, 2018) from oasis, high mountains, highlands, tropical to alpine forests, Butterflies (Class: INSECTA Linnaeus, 1758, Order: swamplands, plains, grasslands, and areas surrounding LEPIDOPTERA Linnaeus, 1758) are holometabolous rivers. group of living organism as they complete metamorphosis cycles in four stages, viz. egg or embryo, larva or Jammu and Kashmir known as ‘Terrestrial Paradise caterpillar, pupa or chrysalis and imago or adult (Gullan on Earth’ categorized to as a part of the Indian Himalayan and Cranston, 2004; Capinera, 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • A Compilation and Analysis of Food Plants Utilization of Sri Lankan Butterfly Larvae (Papilionoidea)
    MAJOR ARTICLE TAPROBANICA, ISSN 1800–427X. August, 2014. Vol. 06, No. 02: pp. 110–131, pls. 12, 13. © Research Center for Climate Change, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia & Taprobanica Private Limited, Homagama, Sri Lanka http://www.sljol.info/index.php/tapro A COMPILATION AND ANALYSIS OF FOOD PLANTS UTILIZATION OF SRI LANKAN BUTTERFLY LARVAE (PAPILIONOIDEA) Section Editors: Jeffrey Miller & James L. Reveal Submitted: 08 Dec. 2013, Accepted: 15 Mar. 2014 H. D. Jayasinghe1,2, S. S. Rajapaksha1, C. de Alwis1 1Butterfly Conservation Society of Sri Lanka, 762/A, Yatihena, Malwana, Sri Lanka 2 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Larval food plants (LFPs) of Sri Lankan butterflies are poorly documented in the historical literature and there is a great need to identify LFPs in conservation perspectives. Therefore, the current study was designed and carried out during the past decade. A list of LFPs for 207 butterfly species (Super family Papilionoidea) of Sri Lanka is presented based on local studies and includes 785 plant-butterfly combinations and 480 plant species. Many of these combinations are reported for the first time in Sri Lanka. The impact of introducing new plants on the dynamics of abundance and distribution of butterflies, the possibility of butterflies being pests on crops, and observations of LFPs of rare butterfly species, are discussed. This information is crucial for the conservation management of the butterfly fauna in Sri Lanka. Key words: conservation, crops, larval food plants (LFPs), pests, plant-butterfly combination. Introduction Butterflies go through complete metamorphosis 1949). As all herbivorous insects show some and have two stages of food consumtion.
    [Show full text]
  • European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341894994 A Review on Pharmacological Activities of Aristolochia Species Article · June 2020 CITATIONS READS 6 328 3 authors: Subbiah Latha Palanisamy Selvamani Anna University, Chennai Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli 107 PUBLICATIONS 510 CITATIONS 125 PUBLICATIONS 634 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Dhivya Sundaram Anna University of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 6 PUBLICATIONS 13 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Natural Polymers View project All content following this page was uploaded by Palanisamy Selvamani on 15 July 2020. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. ejbps, 2015, Volume 2, Issue 5, 160-167. Review Article SJIF Impact Factor 2.062 ISSN 2349-8870 Latha et al. European European Journal Journal of Biomedical of Biomedical and Pharmac eutical Sciences Volume: 2 AND Issue: 5 Pharmaceutical sciences 160-167 http://www.ejbps.com Year: 2015 A REVIEW ON PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF ARISTOLOCHIA SPECIES S. Latha*, P. Selvamani, P. S. Dhivya and R. Benaseer Begam Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University, BIT Campus, Tiruchirappalli– 24, Tamil Nadu, India. Article Received on 27/07/2015 Article Revised on 18/08/2015 Article Accepted on 09/09/2015 *Correspondence for ABSTRACT Author Aristolochia is a significant genus in the family of Aristolochiaceae. S. Latha The genus Aristolochia includes about 400 species of herbaceous Department of perennials, under shrubs or shrubs bearing essential oils and is Pharmaceutical Technology, Anna University, BIT extensive across Tropical Asia, Africa and South America. Campus, Tiruchirappalli–24, Aristolochia species has been used widely in the traditional Chinese Tamil Nadu, India.
    [Show full text]
  • Observations on Lycaenid Butterflies from Panbari Reserve Forest and Adjoining Areas, Kaziranga, Assam, Northeastern
    Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 December 2015 | 7(15): 8259–8271 Observations on lycaenid butterflies from Panbari Reserve Forest and adjoining areas, Kaziranga, Assam, northeastern India ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Communication Short Monsoon Jyoti Gogoi OPEN ACCESS Ph.D Student, Department of Ecology & Environmental Science, Assam University, Silchar, Assam 788011, India [email protected] Abstract: A checklist of 116 taxa of Lycaenidae (Blues) along with made to document the Lycaenidae notes on important species in low elevation forest of Panbari Reserve, of Kaziranga-Karbi Hills Kaziranga - West Karbi Hills, upper Assam is reported in this paper based on surveys conducted during 2007–2012 and some recent sightings till date. Important sightings include Blue Gem Poritia Methods erycinoides elsiei, Square-band Brownie Miletis nymphys porus, Plain Plushblue Flos apidanus ahamus, Blue Royal Ancema carmentalis, Study area Elwes Silverline Spindasis elwesi, Artipe skinneri, etc. The Panbari Reserve Forest (26036’N & 93030’E) is protected under the Kaziranga National Park (KNP) Keywords: Butterfly diversity, Kaziranga, Lycaenidae, northeastern India, Panbari Reserve. as its fourth addition (Images 1a,b & 2). The average elevation of the forest is around 90m. The altitude however ranges from 70–300 m. The reserve is very close to National Highway 37 (NH37) on the Guwahati- The Lycaenidae (Blues) butterfly diversity in low Jorhat route. The reserve falls between Golaghat and elevation forests of Panbari Reserve, Kaziranga - West Karb Anglong (KA) districts of Assam. To the north of Karbi Hills, upper Assam is reported in this paper. Karbi the reserve lies Dollamora proposed reserve in Karbi Hills constitue a chain of hill ranges lying in middle Assam Anglong District and on the southern boundary is a in the southern bank of the river Brahmaputra.
    [Show full text]
  • \\Sanjaymolur\F\ZOOS'p~1\2005
    CATALOGUE ZOOS' PRINT JOURNAL 20(8): 1955-1960 Fauna of Protected Areas - 23: INSECT FAUNA OF PEECHI-VAZHANI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, KERALA, INDIA George Mathew 1,2, R.S.M. Shamsudeen 1 and Rashmi Chandran 1 1 Division of Forest Protection, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Kerala 680653, India Email: 2 [email protected] ABSTRACT transition zone between moist deciduous and evergreen forests. In a study on the insect fauna of Peechi-Vazhani Wildlife The vegetation of moist deciduous forests is characteristic in Sanctuary, 374 species of insects mostly belonging to that the trees of the upper canopy shed their leaves during the Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hemiptera were recorded. The fauna was rich and diverse and contained several rare and dry season from February to April. Xylia xylocarpa, Terminalia protected species. Among butterflies, of the 74 species bellerica, Terminalia tomentosa, Garuga pinnata, recorded, six species (Chilasa clytia, Appias lyncida, Appias Cinnamomum spp., Bridelia retusa, Grewia tiliaefolia and libythea, Mycalesis anaxias, Hypolimnas misippus and Haldina cordifolia are the common tree species. In the lower Castalius rosimon) are protected under the Indian Wildlife canopy, Ixora spp., Lantana camara and Clerodendrum spp. (Protection) Act. Similarly, four species of butterflies, Papilio buddha, Papilio polymnestor, Troides minos, and Cirrochroa occur as undergrowth. A considerable portion of the forest thais, recorded in this study are rare and restricted in area in this region has been converted to teak and eucalyptus distribution. The moth fauna is rich in arboreal feeding plantations by the Forest Department. A variety of wild animals forms indicating an undisturbed forest patch in the area.
    [Show full text]
  • 043 Genus Gomalia Moore
    AFROTROPICAL BUTTERFLIES. MARK C. WILLIAMS. http://www.lepsocafrica.org/?p=publications&s=atb Updated 28 June 2020 Genus Gomalia Moore, 1879 Green-marbled Sandman Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1879: 144 (136-144). Type-species: Gomalia albofasciata Moore, by monotypy [extralimital]. G. albofasciata is now G. elma albofasciata. = Tavetana Picard, 1949. Revue Française d’Entomologie 16: 148 (147-152). Type- species: Tavetana jeanneli Picard, by original designation. The genus Gomalia belongs to the Family Hesperiidae Latreille, 1809; Subfamily Pyrginae Burmeister, 1878; Tribe Carcharodini Verity, 1940. Other genera of the Tribe Carcharodini in the Afrotropical Region are Carcharodus and Spialia. Gomalia (Green-marbled Sandman) is a monobasic genus; the single species has subspecies which are extralimital. *Gomalia elma (Trimen, 1862)# Green-marbled Sandman A perched male of the Green-marbled Sandman (Gomalia elma) (left) and the underside of a female (right). Images courtesy Raimund Schutte (left) and Allison Sharp (right). Pyrgus elma Trimen, 1862. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London (3) 1: 288 (279-291). Pyrgus elma Trimen. Trimen, 1866a. Pyrgus elma Trimen, 1862. Trimen & Bowker, 1889. Gomalia elma (Trimen, 1862). Evans, 1937. Gomalia elma Trimen. Swanepoel, 1953a. Gomalia elma (Trimen, 1862). Dickson & Kroon, 1978. Gomalia elma elma (Trimen, 1862). Larsen, 1984. Gomalia elma elma (Trimen, 1862). Ackery et al., 1995. Gomalia elma (Trimen, 1862). Pringle et al., 1994: 320. Gomalia elma elma (Trimen, 1862). Ackery et al., 1995. 1 Gomalia elma elma. Male (Wingspan 29 mm). Left – upperside; right – underside. Kwamhlanga, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. 2 April 2011. M. Williams. Images M.C. Williams ex Williams Collection.
    [Show full text]
  • Background Document: Roc: Aristolochic Acids ; 2010
    FINAL Report on Carcinogens Background Document for Aristolochic Acids September 2, 2008 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Services National Toxicology Program Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 This Page Intentionally Left Blank RoC Background Document for Aristolochic Acids FOREWORD 1 The Report on Carcinogens (RoC) is prepared in response to Section 301 of the Public 2 Health Service Act as amended. The RoC contains a list of identified substances (i) that 3 either are known to be human carcinogens or are reasonably be anticipated to be human 4 carcinogens and (ii) to which a significant number of persons residing in the United 5 States are exposed. The Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), has 6 delegated responsibility for preparation of the RoC to the National Toxicology Program 7 (NTP), which prepares the report with assistance from other Federal health and 8 regulatory agencies and nongovernmental institutions. 9 Nominations for (1) listing a new substance, (2) reclassifying the listing status for a 10 substance already listed, or (3) removing a substance already listed in the RoC are 11 reviewed in a multi-step, scientific review process with multiple opportunities for public 12 comment. The scientific peer-review groups evaluate and make independent 13 recommendations for each nomination according to specific RoC listing criteria. This 14 background document was prepared to assist in the review of aristolochic acids. The 15 scientific information used to prepare Sections 3 through 5 of this document must come 16 from publicly available, peer-reviewed sources. Information in Sections 1 and 2, 17 including chemical and physical properties, analytical methods, production, use, and 18 occurrence may come from published and/or unpublished sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely Available at Journal of Species Lists and Distribution Pecies
    ISSN 1809-127X (online edition) © 2011 Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely available at www.checklist.org.br Journal of species lists and distribution PECIES S Calcutta Wetlands, West Bengal, India OF Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Fauna of East Soumyajit Chowdhury 1* and Rahi Soren 2 ISTS L 1 School of Oceanographic Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata – 700 032, West Bengal, India 2 Ecological Research Unit, Dept. of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata – 700019, West Bengal, India [email protected] * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: East Calcutta Wetlands (ECW), lying east of the city of Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), West Bengal in India, demands exploration of its bioresources for better understanding and management of the ecosystem operating therein. demonstrates the usage of city sewage for traditional practices of fisheries and agriculture. As a Ramsar Site, the wetland The diversity study, conducted for two consecutive years (Jan. 2007-Nov. 2009) in all the three seasons (pre-monsoon, Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) being potent pollinators and ecological indicators, are examined in the present study. during their larval and adult stages respectively, the lack of these sources in some parts of ECW indicate degraded habitats monsoon and post-monsoon), revealed seventy-four species. As butterflies depend on preferred host and nectar plants to agricultural lands) are resulting in the loss of wetland biodiversity and hence ecosystem integrity in ECW. with low species richness. Ongoing unplanned anthropogenic activities like habitat modifications (conversion of wetlands Introduction East Calcutta Wetlands (22°25’ – 22°40’ N, 88°20’ – The East Calcutta Wetlands (ECW) is a complex of 88°35’ E) (Figure 1) is part of the mature delta of River natural and man-made wetlands lying east of the city of Ganga.
    [Show full text]
  • Of the LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY GHOST DANCING
    of the LEPIDOPTERISTS' SOCIETY Number 1 Jan/Feb 1977 EDITOR: Jo Brewer, 257 Common Street, Dedham, MA 02026 ~.S.A. Spreading Board: Dr. Charles V. Covell, Jr., Dept. of B10logy, Univ. of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40208, U.S.A. ASSOCIATE EDITORS Frances Chew H.A. Freeman Bryant Mather Robert Robbins J. Donald Eff Q. F. Hess M. C. Nielsen John H. Shepard Thomas C. Emmel Robert L. Langston K. W. Philip E. C. Welling M. Thomas Franks William D. Winter, Jr. GHOST DANCING The locale was around a campfire in the New Brunswick woods many years ago. Some of the happen­ ings, although hardly epochal, will bear relating. A yarn was born there which many collectors alreaqy have heard; it has become a part of that vast body of incredible doings known as the Entomologica Apocrypha (about which the less said in print the better). Stop me if you've heard about the exceedingly steatopygous lady who was demanding, "How you tell dem boy butterfly from dose girl butterfly, huh?" Who could resist telling her, "The girl is wider on the bottom." Fortunately her husband had a beautiful sense of humor. But that is another tale, so to speak, and quite subsidiary to the main event, namely a visit from the camp ranger, bear­ ing gifts for the mad scientist. To wit: one large green telephone insulator serving as a makeshift container for some moths taken at a cabin window. Now, surely every lepidopterist knows Whosit's Law - (Whosit ranks right up there with Parkinson and Murphy as a lawgiver): In any batch of junk picked up by any rank amateur, there will be.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemical Studies and Antibacterial Activities of Ruellia Tuberosa L
    University Journal of Creativity and Innovative Research 2020 Vol-01 Issue-01 Phytochemical Studies and Antibacterial Activities of Ruellia tuberosa L. Khin Nwe Than Khin Myint Maw Yadanabon University Mandalay University of Distance Education [email protected] [email protected] Abstract antidote activity. These plants are used to cure antidote for snake-bite, centipede and gecko-bite according to [2]. The medicinal plant Ruellia tuberosa L. of The preliminary phytochemical investigation was Acanthaceae family is a tropical plant widely carried out by ethanol extracts for study of plants distributed in South East Asia. In phytochemical containing chemical constituents (alkaloid, steroid, investigation, 10 compounds were studied. Among them, flavonoid, glycoside, tannin, reducing sugar, phenolic glycoside, alkaloid, reducing sugar, terpene, phenolic compound, saponin, polyphenol and terpenoid). compound, polyphenol, saponin and tannin were Antibacterial activities were also made with various present but flavonoid and steroid were absent in the extract (ethanol, ethyl- acetate and n-hexane) of the powder of study plant. Moreover, the antibacterial whole plant of R. tuberosa L. by using agar well activity were carried out by using 95% ethanol, ethyl- diffusion method against six different types of test acetate and n-hexane. Ethanol extract, n-hexane extract organisms. The present research aimed to investigate the and ethyl-acetate extract were obtained the best chemical composition of Ruellia tuberosa L. as well as inhibition zone diameter (0.7 cm) on Salmonella typhi. to determine the antibacterial activity. The inhibition zone of ethanol extract showed the most effective on Staphylococcus aureus (0.8 cm) and less 2. Materials and Methods inhibition zone showed on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.3 cm).
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of Howrah District, West Bengal, India
    Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(6): 815-828 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Diversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: JEZS 2017; 5(6): 815-828 © 2017 JEZS Rhopalocera) of Howrah district, West Bengal, Received: 22-09-2017 Accepted: 23-10-2017 India Saurav Dwari Plant Taxonomy, Biosystematics and Molecular Taxonomy Saurav Dwari, Amal Kumar Mondal and Subhadeep Chowdhury Laboratory, UGC-DRS-SAP, Department of Botany & Abstract Forestry, Vidyasagar University, Butterflies are one of the most attractive insects in the world which have received a reasonable amount of Midnapore, West Bengal, India attention throughout the world. Our result shows that butterflies of Howrah district, West Bengal, India Amal Kumar Mondal comprises of 106 species including 75 genera and 6 families. Out of these 6 families Lycaenidae and Plant Taxonomy, Biosystematics Nymphalidae were to found to be the most dominant in nature. During our studies, we found Grass and Molecular Taxonomy Jewel, the smallest butterfly in India and The Blue Mormon, the largest butterfly of South West Bengal Laboratory, UGC-DRS-SAP, as well as second largest in India. Common Shot Silverline, Angle Sunbeam, Bengal Plains Blue Royal Department of Botany & and Indian Oak Blue recorded the first time from the district. Rapid urbanization and building of Forestry, Vidyasagar University, industries are the serious threats to butterfly diversity in this district. So, preparation of a list of butterfly Midnapore, West Bengal, India species is necessary for further references to understand the changes of their diversity. Subhadeep Chowdhury Keywords: Butterflies, Howrah, West Bengal, India, lycaenidae, Urbanization Krishnachak, Dhurkhali, Howrah, West Bengal, India 1.
    [Show full text]