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IALE-Russia 2020 Abstracts 1st IALE-Russia International Online Conference Moscow 14-18 September 2020 Landscape Science and Landscape Ecology: Considering Responses to Global Challenges iale.conflab.ru Book of Abstracts Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography International Association for Landscape Ecology (IALE) Russian Foundation for Basic Research 2020 Scientific Board: Prof. Nikolai S. Kasimov, (Chair) Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia; Prof. Kirill N. Diakonov, (co-Chair) Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia; Prof. Per Angelstam, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden; Prof. Jürgen Breuste, University of Salzburg, Austria; Dr. Matthias Bürgi, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Switzerland; Prof. Benjamin Burkhard, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany; Prof. Alexander A. Chibilev, Institute of Steppe, Ural Branch of RAS, Russia; Prof. Christine Fürst, Martin Luther University Halle- Wittenberg, Germany; Dr. Karsten Grunewald, Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development, Germany; Dr. Luis Inostroza, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany; Dr. Zita Izakovičová, Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovakia; Prof. Eugeny Kolbowsky, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia; Prof. Bas Pedroli, Wageningen University & Research, Netherlands; Prof. Alexander Prishchepov, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Prof. Kalev Sepp, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia; Dr. Anton Shkaruba, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Estonia; Prof. Arkady A. Tishkov, Institute of Geography RAS, Russia; Prof. Alexey S. Victorov, Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience RAS, Russia; Prof. Valentin Yatsukhno, Belarusian State University, Belarus Editorial board: Prof. A.V. Khoroshev, Dr. T.I. Kharitonova The conference was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project № 20-05-22015 Landscape Science and Landscape Ecology: Considering Responses to Global Challenges [Electronic resource] : Book of Abstracts of the 1st International IALE-Russia online conference, Moscow, 14-18 September 2020 / Ed. A.V. Khoroshev, T.I. Kharitonova — Moscow : Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 2020. — 249 p. ISBN 978-5-89575-252-4 The Book of Abstracts comprises a series of papers which consider the landscape spatial organization, land cover dynamics, changes in ecosystem functioning, landscape resilience to natural and man-made disasters, such as wildfires, floods, droughts, biodiversity loss and pathogen outbreaks. The special sections cover issues of landscape assessment and planning, land use and land management. The edition is recommended for a wide audience engaged in theoretical, experimental and practical issues of integrative physical geography, landscape ecology, land use science, higher geographical and ecological education. © Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography, 2020 2 Plenary session Challenging issues in contemporary landscape science Alexander Khoroshev Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia Landscape science and landscape ecology traditionally have focused on relations between spatial patterns and ecological processes. In Russian-language version most efforts have been concentrated on establishing abiotic processes that generate spatial patterns affecting human activity. In English-speaking world landscape ecology has paid more attention on how patterns affect ecological processes with strong emphasis on biotic interactions. In present-day nature- oriented landscape studies we distinguish six key concepts. 1) Geotopological determinism – the concept that relates biotic and anthropogenic features to abiotic template. Human activity should adapt to topography and geological conditions in order to avoid undesirable ecological effects. This is seen as one of the core issues in landscape-ecological planning. 2) Matter and energy exchange between vegetation, soils, water, and air. Landscape is treated as a kind of reactor that transforms external signals. Quantitative models of soil-water-phytocoenosis relationships provide opportunities for indicative studies, prediction of chain reactions in a landscape, and estimating allowable anthropogenic loads. 3) Integrative and differentiating functions of lateral matter flows. Knowing matter pathways is critical for evaluating possible remote effects of natural and anthropogenic disturbances, projecting buffer zones, and ensuring sustainability of land use. 4) Emergent effects as a result of spatial interactions between landscape units. The focus of applied studies in this issue is projecting appropriate proportions and neighbourhoods of land use units as well as proposals for the compensation effects under anthropogenic impact. 5) Temporal sequence of states. To ensure readiness of economy to future landscape conditions studies deal with characteristic time scales and inertia of components, reversibility of changes, and characteristic range of dynamic fluctuations. 6) Self-regulation and self-organization of a landscape as a complex system. The issues of discrete vs. gradual boundaries, their genesis and possible movements, possibility of several stable states, and bifurcations are crucial for planning future activities in a heterogeneous dynamic landscape. 3 Plenary session Health versus Food and Water? What can landscape ecology contribute to solve global challenges and their trade-offs? Christine Fürst Institute for Geosciences and Geography, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany Past and the most recent COVID-crises brought back to our minds the intense global social and environmental interdependencies we are faced with in the age of the Anthropocene. Most of the resulting challenges regarding not only human health, but also sustainable development, are related with questions in how to organize best human-environmental interactions under the pressures of climate change, (uncontrolled) population growth, urbanization in sensitive areas and the needs to organize sustainably material and energy fluxes across the globe. Crises such as the current one may bear and reveal manifold weaknesses in global cooperation, but aside from risks they bear also some chances to rethink our strategies in ensuring basic demands. Taking the North-South cooperation in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals as an example, this talk will shed a light on how basic principles of landscape ecology could contribute to improve the coherence of global problems and local solutions. For instance, global food chains are considered to be the riskiest component when it comes to human health and well-balanced nutrition. Most of them are motivated by economic considerations, while local capacities are often not sufficiently exploited. Assessments how local and regional capacities can be managed prior to compensate gaps in resource provision are largely missing. This talks will raise future research and research cooperation questions how to overcome such problems through coherent multi-scale and multi- sector based approaches that contribute to better connect humans with their local and global environment. 4 Plenary session Using Ecosystem Services Assessment for Integrated Cost-Benefit Analysis of large scale landscape restoration Rudolf de Groot Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, Netherlands Decisions regarding landscape restoration or other interventions in the landscape are still based on incomplete information about the true costs and benefits which leads to continuing loss of natural ecosystems and landscape degradation. One of the barriers to attract funding for large scale landscape restoration is that money spent on nature conservation, landscape restoration and sustainable land management is still seen as a cost and not as an investment with a high return in benefits. More balanced and better informed decisions requires more inclusive, so-called Social- or Integrated Cost-Benefit Analyses (iCBA). Case studies applying iCBA consistently show that the true welfare effects of sustainable land use are higher than those of the non-sustainable alternative, provided all positive and negative externalities are accounted for. To determine the true benefits (or costs) of investing in landscape restoration, guidelines are needed to analyze, quantify and, where possible, monetize the effects of all externalities (positive and negative) of changes in land use and management. In this talk I will illustrate one of these guidelines which has been developed for an organization called Commonland (www.commonland.com) that invests in large scale landscape restoration. As a case study I will use the results of an integrated assessments of the economic costs and benefits of large-scale landscape restoration in a dryland region in SE Spain that is facing serious land degradation. Based on fieldwork between 2017 and 2019, involving many stakeholders, we compared the net-benefits (or- costs) of several farms that are implementing aspects of a multi-functional sustainable land use system (called Almendrehesa, somewhat similar to the traditional land use in this region) with those of almond monoculture, both conventional and sustainable. The net benefits (or costs) of investing in landscape restoration are then derived from the differences in Net Present Value (NPV) between the three land use alternatives. Our study clearly showed that conventional, financial CBA almost always favors short-term usually non-sustainable land use. Using i-CBA gives much more realistic insight in the true welfare effects
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