Key Terms: Anglo-Saxons: People who ruled England between 450-1066 The Norman Conquest Normans: People from Normandy in France Vikings – People from Scandanavia Who will be King? Harald Hardrada – Leader of the Vikings and King of Norway King Harold – Leader of Anglo Saxons and king in 1066 William of Normandy - Duke of Normandy and became king after the Battle of Hastings The Conqueror – Name given to William after 1066.
The Norman Conquest – Battle Order
Harold is crowned king of England on 6th January 1066, just one day after Edward the confessor dies But not everyone is delighted by this. So the Vikings invade from Scandanavia and land in the north of England King of Norway Age: 39 Age: 44 Harold hears about this and the armies travel until they meet Age: 50 A very distant relative Brother of King Meanwhile in France someone else is not happy. Not related to of Edward. Edward’s wife. So the Normans travel to England and land on the south coast. Edward BUT his grandfather had William became Duke of Harold Godwinson was Harold of Wessex is still in the north and hears about this and the Anglo-Saxons been a previous Normandy aged eight. a great soldier. Many are on the march again going south. king of England so English lords had he thought he had William had won land by fought in the same The two armies eventually meet at Hastings the right to rule. attacking neighbours army as Harold. The battle for the crown of England now gets underway whenever he had the The most famous chance. He owned land all over The battle is going well for the Anglo-Saxons, but then Normans try new tactics. soldier in Europe the south and was the This works a bit but the Anglo-Saxons still have a good position at the top of the Becoming King of richest man in hill until the Norman army retreats and then the critical moment His supporters England would make him England. wanted land and even more powerful and His two brothers The Anglo-Saxons break their shield wall and leave the top of the hill. wealth in England. rich. His supporters controlled a lot of the The armies come together again and the fighting is much more even until Harold is 30 years earlier hoped they would be south too. shot in the eye by an arrow. England had been rewarded with land and ruled by Canute wealth in England. Harold said: ‘When This completely changes things for the Anglo-Saxon army who was also King William said: ‘Fifteen Edward was dying he So everyone who is not already dead gives up and leaves of Denmark and years ago King Edward said he wanted me to The army march to London and William of Normandy gets his new name: Norway. promised that I would be the next king.’ Harald said, be the next King of William the Conquerer ‘Canute’s son England. Then Harold promised England swore that he would to the Kings of help me become King.’ Norway.’ Edgar the Etherling: ______Who were the ______Contenders to the ______Throne? ______
William Duke of Normandy: Harold Godwinson: Harald Hardrada: ______Level 3 (6–7 marks) The response shows knowledge and understanding of relevant key features and characteristics (AO1). Shows strong awareness of how sources can be used critically and constructively by e.g. considering the limitations and/or benefits of the source, using wider contextual knowledge to What can Source A tell us about the confirm, challenge or raise questions about what the source says or shows to analyse the source to identify a wide range of features that relate to the focus of the question; some of which may be inferred rather than directly stated in the source (AO3).
Battle of Hastings? Use the source Level 2 (3–5 marks) The response shows knowledge and understanding of relevant key features and characteristics (AO1). Shows some awareness of how sources can be used critically and constructively by e.g. considering the limitations and/or benefits of the source, using wider contextual knowledge to and your own knowledge to answer the confirm, challenge or raise questions about what the source says or shows to analyse the source to identify some features that relate to the focus of the question. (7m) question; some of which may be inferred rather than directly stated in the source (AO3). Level 1 (1–2 marks) The response shows knowledge of features and characteristics (AO1). Analyses the source to identify at least one feature that relates to the focus of the question; this may be inferred rather than directly stated in the source (AO3). ______Key Terms: Motte and Bailey Castle: Style of castle used by Normans Life in Norman Britain Domesday Book: Lists possessions of William’s people. Harrying the North – When William harshly and repeatedly attacked the North Feudal System – System of control whereby William is supported by his Knights and Lords.
The Development of Castles What was the purpose of the Medieval Caste? • To sleep in/be a home • To defend • To store weapons/money • To store food from the harvest • As a prison
Castle Life The first castles were built from wood. These castles were quick to build and the materials to construct them could usually be found nearby.
Wood was eventually replaced by stone which was much stronger. Planning these stone castles could be a difficult job however. Building supplies sometimes had to be transported to the castle site, often by sea or river. A castle could take up to 10 or even 20 years to build and cost the equivalent of millions of pounds to build.
The great age of castles began almost 1000 years ago and lasted for nearly 500 years.
Castles acted as a base from which a lord and his soldiers could launch attack on enemies. They could also provide protection for the lord and his men. With high The Feudal System towers and thick walls they became impressive and intimidating defensive structures. But, they were also homes to many people with comfortable chambers, halls and chapels. He introduced the feudal system…
He built castles…
How did William control
England after 1066? He commissioned the Domesday Book…
He harried the North… Life in Norman Britain Write a clear and organised summary that analyses how William was able to keep control of Britain after the Battle of Hastings. [9] ______6 Key Terms: The Black Death and Black Death: Disease that spread across Europe killing half of the population 1348: The year the Black Death arrived in England. Buboes – Swelling in the groins and necks of the plague victims. Miasma – Theory that disease was spread through bad smell and bad air. Peasants Revolt 40-50% – The amount of peasantry that were killed. Peasants Revolt – Rebellion by peasants seeking higher wages and better working conditions. Wat Tyler – The effective leaders of the Peasants Revolt.
The Black Death Causes the Peasants Revolt
The Plague arrived in England during the summer of 1348. It spread quickly through the south west. Churchyards were full with bodies.
The plague spread quickly during the winter of 1348-1349 to the north of England. By 1350, nearly the whole of Britain was infected with the plague.
At the end of 1350 nearly two and a half million people were dead!
This had a huge impact on the relationships between the rulers and the ruled.
Lords, freemen and peasants all began to think about how the changes in population affected their lives
Some people started to think about how they might use The Black Death to improve the pay and conditions of their work
By June 1381 the peasant numbers had reached about 60,000
Peasants are armed with axes, scythes, some even have swords and bows and arrows. They begin to march on London to demand an audience with the King Overview: ______The Black Death ______and Peasants ______Revolt ______
Symptoms of the Black Death: Consequences of the Black Death: Causes of the Peasants Revolt: ______The Black Death and Peasants Revolt
Interpretations A and B both focus on the actions of Tyler at Smithfield ______during the Peasants Revolt. How far do they differ and what might explain ______any differences? (12 Marks) ______• Interpretation A ______• Excerpt from a History book about the Peasants Revolt – the book was written by a respected Historian and used eye-witness accounts from the ______time (Published 2013) ______• Richard II said to Wat Tyler: "Why will you not go back to your own county?" Wat Tyler answered that neither he nor his fellows would leave ______until they had got their charter as they wished to have it... And he ______demanded that all the lands and possessions (of the church) should be taken from them and divided among the commons... And he demanded ______that there should be no more peasants in England, and no slavery... that all men should be free. ______• Interpretation B ______• Chronicles produced by a Clerk of King Richard (c. 1395) ______• Then the king ordered thirty clerks to write letters, sealed with his seal. And when the people received the letters, they went back home. But Wat ______Tyler, Jack Straw and John Ball said they would not leave. More than 30,000 stayed with them. They were in no hurry to have the King's letters. They ______meant to slay all the rich people of London and rob their homes. ______9 Key Terms: Was Henry VIII a hero Heir: Next in line to the throne Catholic: Member of the Church of Rome. Protestant – Member of the Church of England Mary Rose – Henry’s flagship. Sank in 1545. or a monster? Monastery – Where Monks lived and worshipped. Annulment - Divorce or cancelling of a marriage. Dissolution – Closure or elimination. Beheaded – Execution by axe or sword.
Why were the monasteries closed? Role of Monasteries in the middle ages: • Looked after Travellers • Educate local children • Copy out manuscripts • Care for the sick and needy
Why does Henry not like the monasteries?
Closure of the monasteries: Relations between the Pope ( the head of the Catholic church) and Henry were not good. Henry was always short of money. He decided to carry out a survey to see how much money the church had. This survey was called Valor Ecclesiasticus and was published in 1535. It showed that the church owned a quarter of all the land in England at that time. Many of the monasteries were also rich. They used gold cups and other vessels in many of their services. The monasteries took their orders from the Pope in Rome, not from Henry Henry took away the land from the monasteries. Henry took away the stone from the buildings and the lead from the roofs and sold it. He melted down all the gold cups and made money from that. Henry started the Church of England and made himself the head of this new religion Was Henry VIII a hero or a monster?
Question
Overall argument
Supporting argument Supporting argument Supporting argument
Supporting examples Supporting examples Supporting examples
Was Henry VIII a hero or a monster? In his 2011 book “On Monarchy” the Historian David Starkey argued that Henry VIII was more a hero than a monster. How far do you agree with this statement? ______12 Key Terms: Virgin Queen Name given to Elizabeth as she didn’t marry. Phillip II of Spain: Catholic King of Spain who asked Queen Elizabeth I Elizabeth to marry. Spanish Armada – Spain sent ships to England to invade. 1588– The year of the Spanish Armada William Shakespeare – Famous Elizabethan playwright.
Queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth became queen in 1558 after her half sister Mary died. She was 25 years old.
She faced a country that was divided over religion and so she had to win the support of her people, both Roman Catholics and Protestants.
Many people believed a woman could not rule England by herself. Elizabeth would prove them wrong. She is England’s only unmarried Queen. Some people said she loved her country more than she could ever love a man
The Elizabethan Era is seen as a ‘Golden Age’ in England. It was a time of great painters, poets, musicians and playwrights.
William Shakespeare wrote plays and performed them for the Queen at the Globe theatre.
The Spanish Armada was defeated and sailors like Sir Francis Drake brought back treasure from their voyages.
One of the best ways to win support was by touring the country.
This was dangerous so Elizabeth chose to send portraits around to show the people.
It was vital these portraits impressed the people and so they were packed with symbols and images.
‘Elizabeth’s reign was a “Golden Age” for England’. How far do you agree with this view? [18]
STEP 1 Provide evidence to support the view expressed in the question. There should be several specific examples given as supporting evidence.
STEP 2 Provide evidence to challenge the viewpoint expressed in the question. Again, you should give specific evidence to support the points you are making
STEP 3 Make a final judgement on the view given in in the question.