Key Terms: Anglo-Saxons: People who ruled England between 450-1066 The Norman Conquest Normans: People from Normandy in France Vikings – People from Scandanavia Who will be King? Harald Hardrada – Leader of the Vikings and King of Norway King Harold – Leader of Anglo Saxons and king in 1066 William of Normandy - Duke of Normandy and became king after the Battle of Hastings The Conqueror – Name given to William after 1066. The Norman Conquest – Battle Order Harold is crowned king of England on 6th January 1066, just one day after Edward the confessor dies But not everyone is delighted by this. So the Vikings invade from Scandanavia and land in the north of England King of Norway Age: 39 Age: 44 Harold hears about this and the armies travel until they meet Age: 50 A very distant relative Brother of King Meanwhile in France someone else is not happy. Not related to of Edward. Edward’s wife. So the Normans travel to England and land on the south coast. Edward BUT his grandfather had William became Duke of Harold Godwinson was Harold of Wessex is still in the north and hears about this and the Anglo-Saxons been a previous Normandy aged eight. a great soldier. Many are on the march again going south. king of England so English lords had he thought he had William had won land by fought in the same The two armies eventually meet at Hastings the right to rule. attacking neighbours army as Harold. The battle for the crown of England now gets underway whenever he had the The most famous chance. He owned land all over The battle is going well for the Anglo-Saxons, but then Normans try new tactics. soldier in Europe the south and was the This works a bit but the Anglo-Saxons still have a good position at the top of the Becoming King of richest man in hill until the Norman army retreats and then the critical moment His supporters England would make him England. wanted land and even more powerful and His two brothers The Anglo-Saxons break their shield wall and leave the top of the hill. wealth in England. rich. His supporters controlled a lot of the The armies come together again and the fighting is much more even until Harold is 30 years earlier hoped they would be south too. shot in the eye by an arrow. England had been rewarded with land and ruled by Canute wealth in England. Harold said: ‘When This completely changes things for the Anglo-Saxon army who was also King William said: ‘Fifteen Edward was dying he So everyone who is not already dead gives up and leaves of Denmark and years ago King Edward said he wanted me to The army march to London and William of Normandy gets his new name: Norway. promised that I would be the next king.’ Harald said, be the next King of William the Conquerer ‘Canute’s son England. Then Harold promised England swore that he would to the Kings of help me become King.’ Norway.’ Edgar the Etherling: ___________________________________________________________________________ Who were the ___________________________________________________________________________ Contenders to the ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Throne? ___________________________________________________________________________ William Duke of Normandy: Harold Godwinson: Harald Hardrada: _________________________________ _________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ ___________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ ___________________________________ Level 3 (6–7 marks) The response shows knowledge and understanding of relevant key features and characteristics (AO1). Shows strong awareness of how sources can be used critically and constructively by e.g. considering the limitations and/or benefits of the source, using wider contextual knowledge to What can Source A tell us about the confirm, challenge or raise questions about what the source says or shows to analyse the source to identify a wide range of features that relate to the focus of the question; some of which may be inferred rather than directly stated in the source (AO3). Battle of Hastings? Use the source Level 2 (3–5 marks) The response shows knowledge and understanding of relevant key features and characteristics (AO1). Shows some awareness of how sources can be used critically and constructively by e.g. considering the limitations and/or benefits of the source, using wider contextual knowledge to and your own knowledge to answer the confirm, challenge or raise questions about what the source says or shows to analyse the source to identify some features that relate to the focus of the question. (7m) question; some of which may be inferred rather than directly stated in the source (AO3). Level 1 (1–2 marks) The response shows knowledge of features and characteristics (AO1). Analyses the source to identify at least one feature that relates to the focus of the question; this may be inferred rather than directly stated in the source (AO3). __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Key Terms: Motte and Bailey Castle: Style of castle used by Normans Life in Norman Britain Domesday Book: Lists possessions of William’s people. Harrying the North – When William harshly and repeatedly attacked the North Feudal System – System of control whereby William is supported by his Knights and Lords. The Development of Castles What was the purpose of the Medieval Caste? • To sleep in/be a home • To defend • To store weapons/money • To store food from the harvest • As a prison Castle Life The first castles were built from wood. These castles were quick to build and the materials to construct them could usually be found nearby. Wood was eventually replaced by stone which was much stronger. Planning these stone castles could be a difficult job however. Building supplies sometimes had to be transported to the castle site, often by sea or river. A castle could take up to 10 or even 20 years to build and cost the equivalent of millions of pounds to build. The great age of castles began almost 1000 years ago and lasted for nearly 500 years. Castles acted as a base from which a lord and his soldiers could launch attack on enemies. They could also provide protection for the lord and his men. With high The Feudal System towers and thick walls they became impressive and intimidating defensive structures. But, they were also homes to many people with comfortable chambers, halls and chapels. He introduced the feudal system… He built castles… How did William control England after 1066? He commissioned the Domesday Book… He harried the North… Life in Norman Britain Write a clear and organised summary that analyses how William was able to keep control of Britain after the Battle of Hastings. [9] _________________________________________________________________________________________________________