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Urban Gardens As a Means of Preserving Urban Open

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Urban Gardens As a Means of Preserving Urban Open TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT WIEN Vienna University of Technology DIPLOMARBEIT Urban gardens as a means of preserving urban open spaces: 'A Productive Public Park in Yedikule' Case study: Threats to Bostans in Yedikule Mahallesi, Istanbul eingereicht an der Technischen Universität Wien Fakultät für Architektur und Raumplanung von BSc. Elis MEHMED, Landscape Architect 0826689 ausgeführt zum Zwecke der Erlangung des akademischen Grades einer Diplom-Ingenieurin unter der Leitung von O. Univ. Prof. Dipl.-Ing. STILES, Richard Vorstand des Instituts für Städtebau, Landschaftsarchitektur und Entwerfen an der TU Wien E260 - Institut für Städtebau, Landschaftsarchitektur und Entwerfen E260/L – Fachbereich Landschaftsplanung und Gartenkunst Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Vienna, Bostans in Yedikule ABSTRACT The study aims to investigate the role of urban gardens (known as 'bostans' in Turkish) as a means of preserving urban open spaces by considering them as a legitimate use of public open space. It uses the historic urban context of the historic Yedikule district of Istanbul as a case study, where the historic Yedikule bostans are located at the ancient city walls. There, urban bostan activities have traditionally been pursued by gardeners with the purpose of food production, but they also help to conserve an urban landscape with cultural value. At the site of the ancient city walls, the local authority is currently proposing to construct a public recreational park project which will also require the destruction of some sections of the historic Yedikule bostans. This will have the aim of, preserving the existing open space, but only in the form of a public recreation park fulfilling only the purpose of recreation and leisure. It is also being proposed at a time when the subject of urban agriculture is being taken increasingly seriously. As a result, preserving urban open spaces ought to have much wider goals than just providing for recreation and leisure. The potential of the historic Yedikule bostans to be part of a wider strategy for preserving urban open spaces to make a legitimate use of public open spaces is explored in this study. Taking into consideration all possible functions of urban open spaces helps to find a legitimate use of public open spaces and should involve balancing the demands of different land users/actors in an appropriate level of use of space through an active public participation in policy making process from the beginning. This public participation creates a sense of ownership. Therefore, a good public park in the area of the Yedikule bostans should also respects local cultural landscape values, and should be planned from bottom up in an attempt to balance the demands of different stakeholders, the interests of food production, conservation of the historic cultural landscape, recreation and leisure. Integrating Yedikule bostans into public park project to promote recreation and leisure, food production with respect to conservation of historic cultural landscape value can represent the best strategy to preserve urban open space in historic Yedikule neighborhood. This integration identifies ‘a productive public park in Yedikule’. Main challenges of urban bostans in the case of Yedikule are as follows: 1. Its non recognition by the local municipality, although the historic Yedikule bostans are under the protection of national laws; 2. The non-consideration of the guide of conservation plans, despite the indicated Yedikule Bostans in conservation plans; 3. The lack of effective control mechanisms to examine the implementation projects in conservation areas; 4. The requirements of the European Landscape Convention, which are not taken sufficiently in to account, although ELC has been signed and ratified by Turkey; and 5. The intent of the local authorities to make a ‘modern’ image in Yedikule. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. The issue is increasing the awareness of the multi-functional use of urban bostans as the best preservation strategy of urban open spaces and integrating urban bostans into the local open space planning policies, which are largely dominated by a centralized open space planning mechanism. Key words: Urban bostans, preserving urban open spaces, a legitimate use of open spaces, multi- functional use, planning paradigms, recreational public park, historic cultural landscape, Yedikule 2 Bostans in Yedikule ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Ziel der Studie ist es, die Rolle der urbanen Gärten (auf Türkisch als 'bostans' bekannt) zu untersuchen, städtische Freiräume als legitime Nutzung der öffentlichen Freiflächen in einem historischen städtischen Kontext Yedikule, Istanbul zu erhalten. Es wird durch eine Fallstudie im historischen Viertel an der alten Stadtmauer in Yedikule untersucht. Städtische Bostan-Aktivitäten von Gärtnern dienen in erster Linie zur Lebensmittelherstellung; auf die Erhaltung der Kulturlandschaft wird Wert gelegt. Ein Erholungspark Projekt wird derzeit von der Politik an der alten Stadtmauer geplant. Ziel ist es, einen offenen Raum für Erholung und Freizeit zu kreieren, u.a. mittels Zerstörung einiger Abschnitte der Yedikule historischen Bostans. Aber die Erhaltung städtischer Freiräume sollte viel mehr als nur der Erholung und Freizeit dienen. Das ganze Thema erfolgt noch dazu in einer Zeit, wo urbane Gärten stark an Popularität gewinnen. Erforscht wird dabei das Potential der Yedikule historischen Bostans um eine erweiterte Strategie für die Erhaltung städtischer Freiräume, bzw. um eine rechtmäßige Verwendung der öffentlichen Freiflächen zu finden. Betrachtet man alle möglichen Funktionen des urbanen Freiflächen, hilft eine legitime Nutzung der öffentlichen Freiflächen mit Ausgleich der Anforderungen der verschiedenen Landnutzern / Akteure in einer angemessenen Raumnutzung durch eine aktive Beteiligung der Öffentlichkeit bei politischen Entscheidungsprozessen von Anfang an zu finden. Diese Beteiligung der Öffentlichkeit schafft ein Gefühl der Eigenverantwortung. Daher soll ein guter Park im Ort von Yedikule Bostans in Bezug auf Kulturlandschaftswert von unten nach oben mit dem Ausgleich der Forderungen der folgenden verschiedenen Beteiligten planen: die Interessen der Lebensmittelherstellung, Erhaltung der historischen Kulturlandschaft, Erholung und Freizeit. Die Integration von Yedikule Bostans in das öffentliche Parkprojekt zur Erholung und Freizeit, Nahrungsmittelproduktion in Bezug auf die Erhaltung der historischen Kulturlandschaftswert zu fördern, kann die beste Strategie werden, um die städtischen Freiflächen im historischen Viertel Yedikule zu erhalten. Diese Integration identifiziert "eine produktive öffentliche Park in Yedikule". Die wichtigsten Herausforderungen der städtischen Bostans im Fall von Yedikule sind wie folgt: 1. Nichtanerkennung von der lokalen Gemeinde, obwohl die Yedikule historischen Bostans unter dem Schutz der nationalen Gesetze sind; 2. Nichtberücksichtigung des Leitfadens der Schutzpläne trotz angegeben in Yedikule Bostans; 3. Fehlen eines effektiven Kontrollmechanismus, um die Implementierungsprojekte in Schutzgebieten zu untersuchen; 4. Anforderungen der Europäischen Landschaftskonvention, die nicht ausreichend, berücksichtigt werden, obwohl ELC von der Türkei unterzeichnet und ratifiziert wurde; Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 5. Absichten der lokalen Behörden eine "moderne" Bild in Yedikule zu schaffen. Das Problem ist die Erhöhung der Bekanntheit der multifunktionalen Nutzung des städtischen Bostans als die beste Erhaltungsstrategie der städtischen Freiflächen und die Integration von urbanen Bostans in den lokalen Freiraumplanungspolitik, die vor allem durch eine zentrale Freiraumplanungs- mechanismus dominiert wird. 3 Bostans in Yedikule Schlüsselwörter: Urbane Garten, die Erhaltung städtischer Freiräume, eine legitime Nutzung von Freiflächen, multifunktionale Nutzung, Planungsparadigmen, öffentlicher Erholungspark, historische Kulturlandschaftswert, Yedikule Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. NOTE OF THANKS I would like to thank my supervisor for his assistance towards this master thesis. Furthermore, I am very thankful for the support of my husband and family as well. 4 . Cohen, 2012) URBAN GARDENS | BOSTAN YEDIKULE HISTORIC VEGETABLE GARDENS An historic bostan at the 1600 years old City Walls of Istanbul in the neighborhood Yedikule. (Photograph by Elis Mehmed, September, 2013) Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Bostans in Yedikule “The fascinating thing about the garden is its mixture of imagination and reality. It is able to compensate for the deficits between an ideal world and the reality we face in our everyday environment. The garden represents a type of nature that is influenced, without contempt, by humans according to their ideas.” by Kaspar Klaffke. Louafi
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