M10 L2 A1 Student Instruction
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The Cultural Landscape Past of the Eastern Mediterranean: the Border Lord’S Gardens and the Common Landscape Tradition of the Arabic and Byzantine Culture
land Article The Cultural Landscape Past of the Eastern Mediterranean: The Border Lord’s Gardens and the Common Landscape Tradition of the Arabic and Byzantine Culture Konstantinos Moraitis School of Architecture, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 8A Hadjikosta Str., 11521 Athens, Greece; [email protected]; Tel.: +30-210-6434101 Received: 5 January 2018; Accepted: 21 February 2018; Published: 26 February 2018 Abstract: An evaluation of landscape tradition, in Near and Middle East area, could emphasize a profound past of agricultural experience, as well as of landscape and garden art. In reference to this common past, Byzantine and Arabic landscape and garden art paradigms appear to be geographically and culturally correlated, as proved by a Byzantine 12th century folksong, presenting the construction of a villa, with its surrounding gardens and landscape formations, in the territory of Euphrates River. This song refers to Vasilios Digenes Akritas or ‘Border Lord’, a legendary hero of mixed Byzantine-Greek and Arab blood; ‘Digenes’ meaning a person of dual genes, both of Byzantine and Arabic origin, and ‘Akritas’ an inhabitant of the borderline. At the end of the narration of the song, contemporary reader feels skeptical. Was modern landscape and garden art born in the European continent or was it transferred to Western world through an eastern originated lineage of Byzantine and Arabic provenance? Keywords: Arabic landscape and garden art; Byzantine landscape and garden art; cultural sustainability; political sustainability; Twain-born Border Lord 1. Introductory References: The Western Interest for Landscape and Its Eastern Precedents We ought to remark in advance that the present article is written by a professional design practitioner who believes, however, that space formative practices are not of mere technological importance. -
Islamic Gardens
Islamic Gardens Amy Rebecca Gansell This course explores gardens of the Islamic World, covering a breadth of historical, cultural, geographic, and environmental contexts. After being introduced to the Islamic world, the nature of specifically “Islamic” gardens is considered. While formal design and aesthetic experience is emphasized throughout, religious, social, and political implication of landscape design are studied through historic cases. Evidence for past gardens, archaeology, and garden conservation are addressed as well. Week 1 Introduction to Islamic culture, religion, and history Students are encouraged to browse entire books, outlining major themes. These books may be consulted for reference throughout the semester. -R. Hillenbrand, Islamic Art and Architecture (Thames and Hudson, 1999). -Ira Lapidus, A History of Islamic Societies (Cambridge, 2002). -Frederick Mathewson Denny, An Introduction to Islam, 3rd edition (Prentice Hall, 2005). Week 2 Introduction to Islamic gardens, Part 1: History and Symbolism -J. Lehrman, “An introduction to the problems and possibilities of restoring historic Islamic gardens,” in L. Tjon Sie Fat and E. de Jong (eds.), The Authentic Garden: A Symposium on Gardens (Leiden: Clusius Foundation, 1990). -Emma Clark, “Introduction” and Ch. 1 “History, symbolism, and the Quran,” in The Art of the Islamic Garden (Wiltshire, UK: Crowood Press, 2004), pp. 11-22, 23-36. Week 3 Introduction to Islamic gardens, Part 2: Design and Layout -David Stronach, “Parterres and stone watercourses at Pasargadae: Notes on the Achaemenid contribution to garden design,” Journal of Garden History 14 (1994): 3-12. -Emma Clark, Ch. 2 “Design and Layout” and Ch. 3 “Geometry, hard landscaping and architectural ornament,” in The Art of the Islamic Garden (Wiltshire, UK: Crowood Press, 2004), pp. -
Perspective and Geometry in the Roman Painted Gardens
ISSN: 2687-8402 DOI: 10.33552/OAJAA.2019.02.000527 Open Access Journal of Archaeology and Anthropology Review Article Copyright © All rights are reserved by Manuela Piscitelli Perspective and Geometry in the Roman Painted Gardens Manuela Piscitelli* Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, Italy *Corresponding author: Manuela Piscitelli, Università degli Studi della Campania Received Date: November 18, 2019 Luigi Vanvitelli, Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, Via San Lorenzo ad Septimum, Aversa (CE), Italy. Published Date: November 25, 2019 Abstract Garden painting is a very precise genre that is distinct from landscape painting. Present in Roman villas but also in tombs of the same period, wall to obtain an illusory effect of expansion of space, responds to precise geometric characteristics. The article relates the structure, also geometric, it responds to some specific compositional rules. The structure of the representation, realized for the most part with the intent to break through the by the point of view under which the garden (real or imaginary) must be observed, and in both cases, there is a will to bend nature within rigidly of the Roman gardens with their pictorial representation, which derives from it its justification. In both cases, in fact, the composition is guided betweengeometric the and parts. symmetrical schemas. The sense of perspective recreated in the painted gardens offers at first glance a feeling of naturalness into the garden, which -
The Mosque of the Turkish Grand National Assembly in Ankara: Breaking with Tradition
MOHAMMAD AL-ASAD THE MOSQUE OF THE TURKISH GRAND NATIONAL ASSEMBLY IN ANKARA: BREAKING WITH TRADITION The mosque of the Turkish Grand National Assem- hall is represented only by a set of steps that rises to bly in Ankara, designed by the Turkish father-and- about one meter.' These digressions from, or rejec- son team of Behruz and Can Cinici, represents a sig- tions of, past prototypes are most unusual even in a nificant departure from the usual conception of contemporary mosque design. Far from being the mosque architecture, both past and present, in its result of ignoring the past, however, a study of the clear rejection of elements that have traditionally been mosque reveals a serious analysis of the numerous associated with the mosque (fig. 1): the traditional traditions of mosque architecture. The design also dome and minaret are absent; the traditionally solid raises questions about the role of a mosque in the qibla wall is in their design replaced by a glazed sur- legislative complex of a country which, since the face that opens onto a garden; and the separation 1920's, has had a majority Muslim population, but a between the men's and women's areas in its prayer secular system of government.2 . · .... i-..-,... -. Fig. 1. Ankara. Mosque of the Turkish Grand National Assembly. General view. (Photo: from C. C. Davidson and . Serageldin, eds., Architecture Beyond Architecture, p. 126) 156 MOHAMMAD AL-ASAD Fig. 2. Ankara. Turkish Grand National Assembly complex. General view: The mosque is located to the south of the complex, and the Public Relations Buildings are located to the north of the mosque. -
Gardens and Gardeners
Gardens and Gardeners of the Ancient World Linda Farrar WIND gather PRESS Contents List ofIllustrations vi Picture Credits X Acknowledgements xi Time-Chart xii Preface xiii 1. Egyptian Gardens 1 2. Gardens of Ancient Mesopotamia and the Near East 36 3. Gardens of the Greek Bronze Age: Minoan and Mycenaean Cultures 71 4. Greek Gardens and Groves of the Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic Periods 88 5. Etruscan Gardens 128 6. Roman Gardens 138 7. Byzantine Gardens t-H OO \s\ 8. Islamic and Persian Gardens 211 9. Medieval Gardens 244 10. Conclusions 280 Select Bibliography 289 List of Illustrations Umm Al-Rasas, xv I. Pomegranate tree, mosaic detail, Jordan xvl1 2. Sacro-Idyllic scene Min seen in his 3 3- The Egyptian fertility god temple 3 4- Detail of Osiris in white mummy wrappings in wooden or ceramic Osiris Beds 5- Barley seeds were sown 3 of Pharaoh 6. Circular tree/plant pits for a sacred grove beside the pyramid Sneferu, Dahshur 6 at Deir el-Bahari 7- Reconstruction of three funerary temples 7 8. Relief depicting the transport of incense trees from Punt 7 9- "The Botanical Garden, Karnak Temple 9 10 Hathor emerging from the side of a mountain through papyrus 9 11 Middle Kingdom relief depicting water-carriers and gardeners 12 12 Gardeners pick cucumber-like melons; the lettuce symbol of the fertility god Min 12 13 Detail of a vintage scene, a process undertaken in many gardens 13 14 Figurative hieroglyphs 13 15 Wooden model of a part of a house and garden 17 16 A flower filled garden around a well stocked fish pool at Amarna 18 17 Plan of the house and garden of Meryre, High Priest of Amarna 19 18 Sycomore fig tree with tree goddess dispensing nourishment for eternity 20 19 Plan of Sennefer's garden. -
S Textile and Fiber Plants Other, A-Z -- Continued 261.H4 Henequen 261.K3 Kapok Kenaf See SB261.A5 (261.M25) Maguey See SB317.A2 261.M27 Malva 261.M3 Manila Hemp
S AGRICULTURE (GENERAL) S Agriculture (General) Periodicals. By language of publication For works about societies and serial publications of societies see S21+ For general yearbooks see S414 1 English (American) 3 English 5 French 7 German 9 Italian 11 Scandinavian 12 Dutch 13 Slavic 15 Spanish and Portuguese 16.A-Z Other European languages, A-Z Colonial, English, and American see S1+ 18 Polyglot 19 Other languages (not A-Z) 20 History and description of periodicals and societies (General) Documents and other collections Including societies and congresses United States Federal documents Commissioner of Patents 21.A19 Agricultural report Department of Agriculture 21.A2-.A29 Report of the Commissioner or Secretary 21.A3 The official record of the Department of Agriculture 21.A35 Yearbook 21.A37 Agriculture handbook 21.A4-.A49 Circulars 21.A6 Farmers' bulletins 21.A63 Weekly newsletter to crop correspondents 21.A7 Bulletin 21.A74 Agriculture information bulletin 21.A75 Journal of agricultural research 21.A78 Weather, crops, and markets 21.A8-.A99 Other reports 21.A86-.A95 Financial: accounts and disbursements, etc. 21.A86 Estimates of expenditures 21.A87 Expenditures ... Letter from the Secretary of Agriculture 21.A99 Miscellaneous general. By date 21.C8-.C9 History 21.C8 Official 21.C9 Nonofficial 1 S AGRICULTURE (GENERAL) S Documents and other collections United States Federal documents Department of Agriculture -- Continued Administrative documents; appointments; personnel 21.D2-.D39 Serial publications 21.D4-.D7 Monographs Reports of -
Home & Garden Issue
HOME & GARDEN ISSUE TeaPartySocietyMagazineNov09:Layout 1 9/30/09 11:16 AM Page 1 NATURALLY, YOU’LL WANT TO DO A LITTLE ENTERTAINING. Sometimes it’s the little moments that Septem matter most. Like when your children New d learn values that last a lifetime. Or laughter is shared for the sheer joy of it. That’s why families find it so easy to feel at home at Sherwood. Nestled in a lush valley of the Santa Monica Mountains, this gated country club community provides a sanctuary for gracious living and time well spent. Of course, with a respected address like Sherwood there may be times when you entertain on a grander scale, but it might just be the little parties that you remember most. For information about custom homesites available from $500,000, new residences offered from the high $1,000,000s or membership in Sherwood Lake Club please call 805-373-5992 or visit www.sherwoodcc.com. The Sherwood Lake Club is a separate country club that is not affiliated with Sherwood Country Club. Purchase of a custom homesite or new home does not include membership in Sherwood Country Club or Sherwood Lake Club or any rights to use private club facilities. Please contact Sherwood Country Club directly for any information on Sherwood Country Club. Prices and terms effective date of publication and subject to change without notice. CA DRE #01059113 A Community 2657-DejaunJewelers.qxd:2657-DejaunJewelers 1/6/10 2:16 PM Page 1 WHY SETTLE FOR LESS THAN PERFECTION The Hearts On Fire Diamond Engagement Ring set in platinum starting at $1,950 View our entire collection at heartsonfire.com Westfield Fashion Square | Sherman Oaks | 818.783.3960 North Ranch Mall | Westlake Village | 805.373.1002 The Oaks Shopping Center | Thousand Oaks | 805.495.1425 www.dejaun.com Welcome to the ultimate Happy Hour. -
The Meaning of Landscape in Classical Arabo-Muslim Culture
Cybergeo : European Journal of Geography, No.196, 16 October 2001 The Meaning of Landscape in Classical Arabo-Muslim Culture Lamia LATIRI Summary: This article explores the concept of landscape in Arabo-Muslim culture from a linguistic and literary standpoint1. Based on extracts from historical collections produced by Arab geographers of the classical period, it shows the existence of spatial landscape models and stereotypes that served to situate a place in a landscape. The landscapes are found to be defined on visual, aesthetic and sensory criteria. Key words: lexicology, landscape, Muslim culture A constant feature of human culture is a capacity to absorb extremely varied influences. At different times in history, the Christian West and Muslim East have established relations and influenced each other. The common core to both Muslim and Western science is the scientific legacy of Ancient Greece2. The series of studies and translations of Greek scientific works, begun in the Omayyad and Abbasid era at the end of the eighth century, and continued in Spain (Cordoba) in the twelfth century, proved valuable for Christian Europe between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries3. It is therefore not surprising to see a formulation of landscape emerge at the start of the fifteenth century in the West. It was a logical process consequent on the transmission, assimilation and renewal of the philosophy and science of the Ancient world. At the end of a long and complex process, Western culture formulated its theories and interpretations of landscape, and directed them in a way that gave a central place to the visual and scene-setting aspects. -
W Rings a Ne Reen W Or
erings at Mark your calendars! d O Michael Brown, Retired n 1/18 from Medical Publishing a n The Persian Garden W e UNESCO World Heritage Site Nine gardens from different epochs and climates make up the Persian Garden World Heritage Site (one of the 21 World Heritage Sites in Iran). Michael will explore five of the nine gardens, generalize about the features of Persian gardens, and discuss the influence of this style in Iranian and world gardening. Architecture and culture will be mentioned when they are important to viewing the i gardens in context. n d Becky Robert, PR & Volunteer rl 1/25Programs Coordinator a o Canada: 150 and Growing G Canada celebrated its sesquicentennial in r W 2017. Learn about the last 150 years, and ee n explore the revitalization plans for the next century through a gardener’s lens. Discover how historic gardens and parks welcome a The Scott Arboretum’s new generation of horticulturists, and learn about new gardens. Winter Travel Lecture Series Claire Sawyers, 2/1 Director Join Scott Arboretum staff and local gardening Landscapes of Portugal in Sintra, enthusiasts as they share travel experiences abroad! the Douro Valley, and Lisbon: A preview of the 2018 Scott Associates Trip In addition to learning about spectacular gardens, Travel with Claire on her scouting trip for plants, and landscapes, you’ll get a taste of the art, the upcoming Scott Associates international cuisine, architecture, and customs of lands near and garden trip! Whether or not you are far. It’s a perfect wintertime escape! considering going on the trip, come see some spectacular palace gardens, unique places and garden features, cork oak forests, and Thursdays, 1:00 - 2:00 p.m. -
Renaissance Gardens of Italy
Renaissance Gardens of Italy By Daniel Rosenberg Trip undertaken 01-14 August 2018 1 Contents: Page: Introduction and overview 3 Itinerary 4-5 Villa Adriana 6-8 Villa D’Este 9-19 Vatican 20-24 Villa Aldobrindini 25-31 Palazzo Farnese 32-36 Villa Lante 37-42 Villa Medici 43-45 Villa della Petraia 46-48 Boboli Gardens 49-51 Botanical Gardens Florence 52 Isola Bella 53-57 Isola Madre 58-60 Botanic Alpine Garden Schynige Platte (Switz.) 61-62 Botanic Gardens Villa Taranto 63-65 Future Plans 66 Final Budget Breakdown 66 Acknowledgments 66 Bibliography 66 2 Introduction and Overview of project I am currently employed as a Botanical Horticulturalist at the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. I started my horticultural career later in life and following some volunteer work in historic gardens and completing my RHS level 2 Diploma, I was fortunate enough to secure a place on the Historic and Botanic Garden training scheme. I spent a year at Kensington Palace Gardens as part of the scheme. Following this I attended the Kew Specialist Certificate in Ornamental Horticulture which gave me the opportunity to deepen my plant knowledge and develop my interest in working in historic gardens. While on the course I was able to attend a series of lectures in garden history. My interest was drawn to the renaissance gardens of Italy, which have had a significant influence on European garden design and in particular on English Gardens. It seems significant that in order to understand many of the most important historic gardens in the UK one must understand the design principles and forms, and the classical references and structures of the Italian renaissance. -
History of Horticulture: Lecture 18 1
History of Horticulture: Lecture 18 Lecture 18 Roman Agricultural History Pompeii and Mount Vesuvius View from the Tower of Mercury on the Pompeii city wall looking down the Via di Mercurio toward the forum 1 History of Horticulture: Lecture 18 Rome 406–88 BCE Source: Harper Atlas of World History, 1992. Rome 241–27 BCE Source: Harper Atlas of World History, 1992. Rome 193–211 Source: Harper Atlas of World History, 1992. 2 History of Horticulture: Lecture 18 Carthage Founded 814 BCE in North Africa Result of Phoenician expansion North African city-state opposite Sicily Mago, 350 BCE, Father of Agriculture Agricultural author wrote a 28 volume work in Punic, A language close to Hebrew. Roman Senate ordered the translation of Mago upon the fall of Carthage despite violent enmity between states. One who has bought land should sell his town house so that he will have no desire to worship the households of the city rather than those of the country; the man who takes great delight in his city residence will have no need of a country estate. Quotation from Columella after Mago Hannibal Capitoline Museums Hall of Hannibal Jacopo Ripanda (attr.) Hannibal in Italy Fresco Beginning of 16th century Roman History 700 BCE Origin from Greek Expansion 640–520 Etruscan civilization 509 Roman Republic 264–261 Punic wars between Carthage and Rome 3 History of Horticulture: Lecture 18 Roman Culture Debt to Greek, Egyptian, and Babylonian Science and Esthetics Roman expansion due to technology and organization Agricultural Technology Irrigation Grafting Viticulture and Enology Wide knowledge of fruit culture, pulses, wheat Legume rotation Fertility appraisals Cold storage of fruit Specularia—prototype greenhouse using mica Olive oil for cooking and light Ornamental Horticulture Hortus (gardens) Villa urbana Villa rustica, little place in the country Formal gardens of wealthy Garden elements Frescoed walls, statuary, fountains trellises, pergolas, flower boxes, shaded walks, terraces, topiary Getty Museum reconstruction of the Villa of the Papyri. -
Bioclimatic Devices of Nasrid Domestic Buildings
Bioclimatic Devices of Nasrid Domestic Buildings Luis José GARCÍA-PULIDO studies in ARCHITECTURE, HISTORY & CULTURE papers by the 2011-2012 AKPIA@MIT visiting fellows AKPIA@MIT 2 The Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 3 2011-2012 CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 6.1.A.1. Control of Spaces and Natural Light 6.1.A.2. Reflecting Surfaces 2. CLIMATIC CHANGES IN THE PAST AND THEIR INFLUENCES 6.1.A.3. North-South Orientation 6.1.A.4. Microclimate Provided by Courtyards IN SOCIETIES 6.1.A.5. Spatial Dispositions around the Courtyard. The 2.1. The Roman Climatic Optimum Sequence Patio-Portico-Qubba/Tower 2.2. The Early Medieval Pessimum 6.1.B. Indirect Methods of Passive Refrigeration (Heat 2.3. The Medieval Warm Period Dissipation) 2.4. The Little Ice Age 6.1.B.1. Ventilation 6.1.B.2. Radiation 6.1.B.3. Evaporation and Evapotranspiration 3. BUILDING AGAINST A HARSH CLIMATE IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD 7. BIOCLIMATIC DEVICES IN OTHER ISLAMIC REGIONS 3.1. Orientation and Flexibility WITH COMPARABLE CLIMATOLOGY TO THE SOUTHEAST 3.2. Shading IBERIAN PENINSULA 3.3. Ventilation 7.1 The North West of Maghreb 7.1.1. The Courtyard House in the Medinas of North Maghreb 4. COURTYARD HOUSES 7.2 The Anatolian Peninsula 4.1. The Sequence from the Outside to the Courtyard 7.2.1. Mediterranean Continental Climate 4.2. Taming the Climate 7.2.2. Mediterranean Marine Climate 7.2.3. Mediterranean Mountainous Climate 5. NASRID HOUSE TYPOLOGY 7.2.4. Dry and Hot Climate 7.2.5.