Study on the History and Architecture

DIMENSI: Journal of Architecture and Built Environment, Vol. 48, No. 1, July 2021, 75-86 DOI: 10.9744/dimensi.48.1.75-86 ISSN 0126-219X (print) / ISSN 2338-7858 (online) STUDY OF OPEN-AIR MUSEUM ON KAYUTANGAN STREET CORRIDOR Cindy Elena Kartika1*, Lilianny Sigit Arifin2 1,2 Department of Architecture, Petra Christian University, Jl. Siwalankerto 121-131, Surabaya, INDONESIA *Corresponding author; Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The Kayutangan Corridor is one of the areas in Malang that holds many historical values, namely as a shopping center in the Dutch colonial era. However, the glory and history of Kayutangan began to fade with the times. This research's general objective is to provide a design proposal for the Kayutangan corridor that can present historical stories of the buildings along the corridor, such as an open-air museum, with the building as its object. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research with a signage theory approach. The final result of this study is the proposed signage and pedestrian design in the Kayutangan corridor. Keywords: Kayutangan Street corridor; H=historical; open-air museum; augmented reality. INTRODUCTION museum so that it can be passed on to the next generation? Malang is the second-largest city after This research's general objective is to provide a Surabaya in East Java and was one of the best results design proposal for the Kayutangan street corridor that of the Dutch East Indies colonial city planning. It can can present historical stories of the buildings along the be proven by the many legacies of colonial corridor, like an open street museum, with the build- architecture that are still standing majestically ing as its object. The hope is to increase the potential (Handinoto, 2010). The colonial architectural of the Kayutangan street corridor as a heritage tourist heritage is scattered in various functions, such as destination in Malang, provide insight or information houses, places of worship, offices and shops, and about the historical value of the Kayutangan street school buildings. One of the areas that still keeps this corridor for future generations, and improve the colonial architecture is the Kayutangan area, which is economy, with new attractions there. currently called Jalan Basuki Rachmat. The Kayutangan street corridor is one of the THEORETICAL FOUNDATION Dutch colonial era's legacies used to function as the main street and trade center in Malang. This area has Street Space as Open Space much historical value making the buildings along the street corridors are designated as cultural heritage The main functions of the street are a movement buildings. Besides, several buildings played an circulation (Krier, 1979) and also a space for various important role during the Dutch colonial period. activities, especially social activities (Trancik, 1986). However, the glory and history of Kayutangan For this reason, for streets to support these activi- began to fade along with time. Some buildings still ties, it is necessary to have objects that can be an retain their original form, but some buildings have attraction for community activities. changed, both in function and in the appearance of The existence of streets as places of activity also their facades. The strong historical value of the affects the image of a city. The street is often used as Kayutangan Corridor appears to have been poorly the dominant element of the community's urban processed and preserved. Also, its image as a image. When the main street has no identity or is shopping center area during the colonial era faded almost identical to other streets, the city's entire image along with the modern shopping mall development. can be lost. The use of activities on the street, either Some small shops did not survive and eventually ordinary activities or special activities, can generate closed. the city's image. Apart from that, other aspects that Based on this background, two problems arise. influence the city's image are the quality of the spatial How to optimize the Kayutangan street corridor as a characteristics, the facade's features, the proximity to city heritage icon and the center of the economy? the main places in the city, visual excellence, and the How can the Kayutangan street corridor display strategic position in the overall structure topography of information about the building's history as a the city (Lynch, 1960). 75 Kartika et al. Pedestrian and Streetscape Bench, has a function as a place to rest for street users. Regarding users, pedestrians play an important Shade plant, has a function as protection and role. Based on the types of pedestrian travel facilities, conditioning of pedestrian areas. there are four categories of pedestrians, namely Public telephones, have a function as a means for (Rubenstein, 1992): street users to communicate over long distances Full pedestrians, namely those who use the with the interlocutors. pedestrian mode as the primary mode, so that they Kiosk, shelter, and canopy, their existence can be are carried out on foot from the place of origin to to liven up the atmosphere on the pedestrian path. the destination. Usually due to the proximity or the Trash can, function as a means for pedestrians to reason for walking while having recreation. dispose of garbage so that pedestrians remain Pedestrians using public transportation, namely comfortable and clean. those who walk as an intermediate mode, from the According to Charlwood (2004) in Rehan place of origin to the public transportation, when (2013), a Streetscape is a unity of elements that creates changing public transportation routes, or from pu- a pleasing visual experience. These elements include, blic transportation stops to their final destination. among others, the overall structure of the street, Pedestrians who use private vehicles and public including the buildings, streets, and also the transportation, namely those who use the walking installations therein. The streetscape includes mode as an intermediate mode, such as from various elements, such as vehicle lanes and parking private vehicle parking lots to public transportation lanes, bicycle lanes, sidewalks, train tracks, street stops and their final destination. furniture, bus stops, power poles, trees, accent Pedestrians who entirely use private vehicles. They planting, signage, and so on. These elements are use the walking mode as a mode between parking contained in the division of the three main for personal vehicles to their final destination, streetscape zones, namely (Daley, 2003): which is only accessible on foot. A Sidewalk zone, is a place where people can The existence of pedestrian facilities for meet and interact with their neighbors or simply pedestrians in urban areas affects the livability of a enjoy sightseeing. It allows pedestrian access to all street. It is because most of the human activities on the parts of the street to homes and businesses. street are on the pedestrian path. According to Parking Zone, allows buyers traveling by car to go Shirvani (1985), a good pedestrian system can reduce to a commercial area. They are also locations for dependence on motorized vehicles in urban areas. loading zones for businesses as well as transit Besides, it can also increase travel by foot, create stops. activities, and improve the environment's quality. The Street Zone, which is a motorized vehicle pedestrian path can be a supporting activity if it is in movement lane, also allows the provision of the middle of two activity points and becomes a link. bicycle traffic with bicycle lanes adjacent to the Pedestrian paths also creating a balance that supports a parking zone. decent life, creates attractive public spaces, carries out its function as access to places and services, and Signage makes good interaction and security between pedestrians and motorists. According to Rubenstein Signage is a link between architecture and its (1992), elements that must be present on the users and is a graphical standard for navigation. pedestrian path include: Signage must follow codes and notations that have Paving, is a sidewalk or flat expanse. It is been accepted and understood by the general public. necessary to pay attention to the pattern, color, The existence of signage is an addition and an aspect texture, and water absorption in laying paving. that serves to clarify the spatial arrangement of a building (Lewis, 2015). In his book, Calori (2015) Street lamp, is an object that is used as says that: Signage and wayfinding direct people to a lighting at night. place and helps them navigate. Signage and way- Sign, to provide both information and prohibitions. finding are most often expressed in unified sign The sign must be easy to see with the human eye programs that informally and visually unite places, view, and the image must be contrasting and not collections of related places, such as regional parks or cause glare. global corporate facilities, or a network such as a Sculpture is an object that has a function to transportation system. provide identity or attract street users' attention. In the book The Design Manual, Whitbread Bollard, has a function as a barrier between the (2009) explains that signage is a sign system resulting pedestrian lane and the vehicle lane. from a combination of symbols and text in high 76 Study of Open-Air Museum on Kayutangan Street Corridor mobility areas, without depending on limited verbal language. Meanwhile, in relation to the environment, Rubenstein (1996) argues that signage is a sign system part of the visual communication field that functions as a means of architectural information and communication. Thus, it can be said that signage is an environ- mental visual communication medium that cleverly informs messages through the integration of visual language with its environment. Calori (2015) provides a direct picture by dividing signage into five informa- tive categories, namely: Identification signage, is placed at the destination location to identify the destination location or place in the environment.

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