DOCSLIB.ORG

Europe’S Contending Identities: Supranationalism, Ethnoregionalism, Religion, and New Nationalism Edited by Andrew C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Europe’S Contending Identities: Supranationalism, Ethnoregionalism, Religion, and New Nationalism Edited by Andrew C Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03633-8 - Europe’s Contending Identities: Supranationalism, Ethnoregionalism, Religion, and New Nationalism Edited by Andrew C. Gould and Anthony M. Messina Index More information Index 2+3+2 arrangement, 222 anti-discrimination laws and policies, 147 , Affective Identifi cation, 39–41 203–5 , 238–9 . See also Racial Equality affective support for Europe, 39 , 40 Directive (RED) age anti-immigrant parties and groups and ethnic phobias, 157–9 , 166 cultural concerns of, 70–1 and European identity, 38–9 , 49 in ethnoregionalism, 21 Agrarian parties, 130 euroscepticism of, 70–1 Aleinikoff, Thomas, 45 future of, 78 Alesina, Alberto, 83–4 on identity and political community, 76 Alighieri, Dante, 197 infl uence of, 71–2 Alleanza Nazionale (Italy), 136 politicization of assimilation issues by, 77 alliances shaping EU policy, 229–30 rise of, 203 American identity, 45 , 52 and super diversity, 70–6 Amiraux, Valerie, 207 anti-Semitism, 208 Amsterdam, Netherlands, 54 , 58–9 al-Aqqad, Abbas Mahmoud, 198 Anderson, Benedict, 4 , 8 Arabic language, 14 Anglophobia in Scotland Aragonesista (Spain), 127 and age, 157 , 158 , 166 ascriptive traits in national identity, 31 , civic nationalism and, 155–6 43–4 , 46–7 and education, 159–61 , 168 Asian Britons and friendship, 161 identity of, 172 , 173–4 , 179–82 , 183 , 236–7 impact of knowledge on, 161 pro-Europe attitudes of, 24 and Islamophobia, 147 , 156 in the Scottish Parliament, 142–3 measuring, 149–56 second-generation, 174 multivariate analysis of, 165–7 and social history, 171 , 183 and nationalism/identity, 162–4 , 166 , in the visual identity diagram, 177–9 , 180–1 167 , 237–8 visual identity task, 178 and political parties, 164 assimilation of immigrants, 1 , 21 , 45 , 48 , and religion, 154 , 161–2 206–13 in the Scottish Social Attitudes Survey asylum (2003), 145–6 and assimilation, 206 and social exclusion, 154 , 162 , 167 and concerns about unity, 57 Anglo-Saxon vs. Continental values, 222–3 EU criteria for, 238 271 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03633-8 - Europe’s Contending Identities: Supranationalism, Ethnoregionalism, Religion, and New Nationalism Edited by Andrew C. Gould and Anthony M. Messina Index More information 272 Index asylum (cont.) British national identity, 171–2 , 173–4 , and European identity, 49 179–82 , 183 , 236–7 in group identity, 33–4 British Social Attitudes Survey, 156 harmonizing, 210–13 Brussels, Belgium, 54 and nationalism, 163 Bruter, Michael, 2 and radical right parties, 216 Budge, Ian, 113 in Scotland, 143 Bulgaria, 219 , 222 , 229 Augenstein, Daniel, 5 Bush, George H.W., 219 Australia, 45 Austria Caeiro, Alexandre, 188 banking in, 228 Canada, multiculturalism in, 45 diversity in, 55 Canary Islands (Spain), ethnoregionalist Eurosceptics in, 20 parties in, 106 in the Racial Equality Directive, 216–18 capitalism, 97 , 220–1 , 223 , 226 , 229 radical right parties in, 24 , 203–4 , 205 , 238 Carey, Sean, 71 , 72 Austrian People’s Party, 216 Carnegie, Dale, 194 Cassidy, Clare, 177 Balcerowicz, Leszek, 229 Castiglione, Dario, 2 , 204 al-Banna, Hassan, 192 , 197 , 198 Catalonia, 13 , 21 , 51 , 106 Barzini, Luigi, 170 Catholicism, 15 , 161 Basque Herri Batasuna, 130 Catholic/Protestant confl ict, 153 , 161–2 Basque National Party (PNV), 60 , 127 , center-periphery cleavage 132 , 135 and ethnoregionalist parties, 121 , 124 , Basque region (Spain), 21 , 97 , 106 , 107 130 , 138 Baumann, Gerd, 173 in European identity, 138 Bechhofer, Frank, 76 and the left-right wing continuum, 134 Beck, Nathaniel, 114 Central Europe, 130 , 219–20 Belgium centrist ethnoregionalist parties, 131 , boycott of Austria by, 217 132–3 , 235 decentralization in, 103 Centristes de Catalunya (CC) (Spain), 127 ethnoregionalist parties in, 62–5 , Cerutti, Furio, 4–5 69–70 , 102 Chapel Hill Expert Survey (1984–2002) identity trends in, 34 , 36 84 , 86–9 role of in the Racial Equality Directive, 218 Charter of Fundamental Rights (1999), 238 Benefi ts factor, 39–40 Checkel, Jeffrey, 3 Berezin, Mabel, 240 Chirac, Jacques, 220 Blair, Tony, 92 , 217 Christian Democrats, 20 , 122 Bleich, Erik, 203 Christianity, 14–15 , 195 Bloque Nacionalista Galego (BNG) (Spain), Churches Commission for Migrants in Europe 127 , 134–6 , 137–8 , 234 (CCME), 214 Bohle, Dorothee, 223 Cinnirella, Marco, 171 Bosnian ethnoregionalist parties, 111 citizenship al-Bouti, M. Sa’id Ramadan, 197 access to, 48 Bowen, John, 187 birth defi ning, 236 Bowler, Shaun, 112 and immigration, 206 Bradford, United Kingdom, 54 political, and European identity, 21 Brandt, Willy, 197 and political community, 7 Breton Democratic Union, 60 public opinion on tests for, 72 Breully, John, 144 and race, 207 Brewer, Marilynn, 181 and the Racial Equality Directive, 205 Britain. See United Kingdom (UK) tests required for, 73 British Commission for Racial Equality Citrin, Jack, 2 , 46 (CRE), 214 civic identity, 2 , 5 , 31 , 47–8 , 183 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03633-8 - Europe’s Contending Identities: Supranationalism, Ethnoregionalism, Religion, and New Nationalism Edited by Andrew C. Gould and Anthony M. Messina Index More information Index 273 civic nationalism, 44 , 143–4 , 155–6 , 163 “Cunningham amendment,” 91 civics courses, public opinion on, 72–6 Czech Republic, 224 cohort replacement, 38–9 Czeckoslovakia, 51 collective identity, 30–3 , 43–4 , 45 Committee of Regions, 103 , 113 , 124 Damijan, Jo ž e, 228 Committees of Inquiry (on xenophobia), 214 Dardanelli, Paolo, 90 , 92 , 93 , 95 Common Market, 90 decentralization communist infl uences on Islamic elites, 196 , and ethnoregionalist parties, 23 , 61 , 100–8 , 197 , 198 , 199 116–17 , 126 , 232–3 communitarians, 5 in EU elections, 113–15 Community Action Programme to Combat and the European Parliament, 105–8 , 110 , Discrimination, 216 116–17 Comparative Manifesto Research Project, measuring, 109–11 119–20 Delanty, Gerard, 8 , 13 compartmentalization in identity choice, 33–4 Delors, Jacques, 221 Confessional parties, 130 Demertzis, Vais, 10 confl ict democracy ethnic, 16–17 , 155 , 206 in European identity, 5 historical, 13 and Islam, 188 in identity choice, 3–4 , 31 , 33–4 loss of faith in, 53 perceptions of, 154–5 , 159 Democratic Forum of Germans religious, in Scotland, 153–5 , 161–2 (Romania), 130 conservative parties, 130 , 232 Denmark Conservative Party (UK), 91–3 , 96 , 142 , assimilation into, 45 165 , 168 church attendance in, 15 “constitutional patriotism,” 31 diversity in, 55 , 58–9 constructivists, 5 Euroscepticism in, 38 Consultative Commission on Racism and identity trends in, 34 , 36 Xenophobia (EU), 215–16 , 218 Maastricht Treaty (1992) in, 6 consultative referendum (2005), 127 radical right parties in, 203 , 238 Continental vs. Anglo-Saxon values, Derrida, Jacques, 222–3 222–3 Descartes, Ren é , 192 , 197 Converg è ncia Democr à tica de Catalunya Deutche Press-Agentur (Hamburg), 217 (CDC) (Spain), 130 De Winter, Lieven, 61 , 85 , 106 , Converg è ncia I Uni ó (CiU) (Spain), 127 , 125 , 130 130 , 133 Diamantopoulou, Anna, 217 Coppieters, Maurits, 132 D í ez Medrano, Juan, 31 cosmopolitanism, 39 , 158 , 236 District Magnitude measure, 112 Council of Ministers (EU), 214 , 215–16 diversity, 241 . See also multiculturalism ; super Cronbach’s Alpha levels, 177 diversity cultural diversity, 241 . See also diversity ; cultural, 6 , 44 , 48 , 49 , 82 , 149 multiculturalism and economic growth, 84 cultural heterogeneity, 241 . See also diversity ; ethnic, 16–17 , 84 multiculturalism of ethnoregionalist parties, cultural identity, 2 , 57–8 , 74–6 120 , 125 cultural pluralism. See multiculturalism of the EU population, 84 culture in European identity, 6 and assimilation, 45 in homogeneous regions, 55–6 common values in, 5 and immigration, 49 , 51 fear of losing, 41 , 236 linguistic, 13–14 , 48 and ideology, 187 policies and identity choice, 34 jurisdiction over, 41–3 , 236 religious, 14–15 , 189 as a non-factor, 13–18 social, 16 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03633-8 - Europe’s Contending Identities: Supranationalism, Ethnoregionalism, Religion, and New Nationalism Edited by Andrew C. Gould and Anthony M. Messina Index More information 274 Index dual mode identifi cation English, the. See also Anglophobia in Scotland emotional, 38 Euroscepticism of, 32 of ethnic minorities, 172 Islamophobia of, 163 nationalism in, 235 loyalties of, 167 and political authority, 42–3 in Scotland, 144–9 , 152 , 153 , 165 trends in, 34–9 , 49 , 235–6 environmental policies, 221 Duverger’s Law, 111 Equal Opportunity Directive, 218 equality. See also Racial Equality Eastern Europe, 241 . See also Estonia ; Directive (RED) Slovenia in civic vs. ethnic nationalism, 144 banking in, 227–8 ethnic, in Scotland, 146 capitalism in, 220 , 223 gender, 205 , 215 , 223 ethnoregionalist parties from, 9 , 128 , 130 monitoring, 239 expansion of the EU into, 6 , 219–20 Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC) non-Soviet identity in, 239 (Spain), 127 Eastern Orthodoxy, 15 Estonia economic crisis, 10–12 , 241 and the European Social Model, 25 economic utilitarianism and European neo-liberalism in, 220–1 , 223–5 , 226 , 229 identity, 7–8 opposition to the EU in, 224–6 economics political continuity in, 229 and diversity, 84 trade and investment deliberalization, and EU imposed national policy 224 , 226 changes, 229 and the United Kingdom, 229–30 in EU support, 87 ethnic identity in identity choice, 41 , 236 of Asian Britons, 179 of integration, 57 , 61–9 , 72 , 122–3 , in fi rst and second-generation 233 , 234 immigrants, 173 and phobias, 149 , 152 , 167 in “imagined communities,” 44 and policymaking, in integration, 233 and political identity, 33 in regional autonomy, 89 , 90–1 , 97 , 107 as a social identity, 30–1 and “social dumping,” 222 ethnic minorities and state size, 81 anti-immigrant sentiment and protections education for, 218 and ethnic phobias, 159 , 160 , 166–7 , 168 in civic vs.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Turkish Language As a Politicized Element: the Case of Turkish Nation-Building
    GeT MA Working Paper Series No. 15 2018 Turkish Language as a Politicized Element: The Case of Turkish Nation-Building TOLGA SEVIN GeT MA Working Paper Series Department of Social Sciences Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin www.sowi.hu-berlin.de/getma [email protected] TOLGA SEVIN GET MA WP 15/2018 GeT MA Working Paper Series Published by the German Turkish Masters Program of Social Sciences (GeT MA), Department of Social Sciences at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Papers in this series are the final theses of GeT MA graduates. Publication in this series does not preclude a later publication elsewhere. The views expressed in the GeT MA Working Paper Series are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the GeT MA Program or of Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. The copyright stays with the author(s). Copyright for this paper: Tolga Sevin Please cite in the following format: Sevin, Tolga (2018): Turkish Language as a Politicized Element: The Case of Turkish Nation-Building. GeT MA Working Paper No. 15, Department of Social Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. [online] Homepage: Edoc Server Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. URL: http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/series/getmaseries Corresponding authors: Tolga Sevin, Master of Social Science, German Turkish Masters Program, Institut für Sozialwissenschaften, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin. Tolga Sevin, born in Ankara, studied at Bilkent University, Middle East Technical University, and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin. He lives in Berlin. This thesis is dedicated to Müfit Kulen.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalism in Japan's Contemporary Foreign Policy
    The London School of Economics and Political Science Nationalism in Japan’s Contemporary Foreign Policy: A Consideration of the Cases of China, North Korea, and India Maiko Kuroki A thesis submitted to the Department of International Relations of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, February 2013 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of <88,7630> words. Statement of use of third party for editorial help I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by Josh Collins and Greg Demmons. 2 of 3 Abstract Under the Koizumi and Abe administrations, the deterioration of the Japan-China relationship and growing tension between Japan and North Korea were often interpreted as being caused by the rise of nationalism. This thesis aims to explore this question by looking at Japan’s foreign policy in the region and uncovering how political actors manipulated the concept of nationalism in foreign policy discourse.
    [Show full text]
  • Chameria History - Geographical Space and Albanian Time’
    Conference Chameria Issue: International Perspectives and Insights for a Peaceful Resolution Kean University New Jersey USA Saturday, November 12th, 2011 Paper by Professor James Pettifer (Oxford, UK) ‘CHAMERIA HISTORY - GEOGRAPHICAL SPACE AND ALBANIAN TIME’ ‘For more than two centuries, the Ottoman Empire, once so formidable was gradually sinking into a state of decrepitude. Unsuccessful wars, and, in a still greater degree, misgovernment and internal commotions were the causes of its decline.’ - Richard Alfred Davenport,’ The Life of Ali Pasha Tepelena, Vizier of Epirus’i. On the wall in front of us is a map of north-west Greece that was made by a French military geographer, Lapie, and published in Paris in 1821, although it was probably in use in the French navy for some years before that. Lapie was at the forefront of technical innovation in cartography in his time, and had studied in Switzerland, the most advanced country for cartographic science in the late eighteenth century. It is likely that it was made for military use in the Napoleonic period wars against the British. Its very existence is a product of British- French national rivalry in the Adriatic in that period. Modern cartography had many of its roots in the Napoleonic Wars period and immediately before in the Eastern Mediterranean, when intense naval competition between the British and French for control of these waters led to major scientific advances. In turn, in the eighteenth century, similar progress had been made in both countries as a result of earlier wars in the Atlantic. This map is titled ‘Chameria/Thesprotia’, and so at that time it is clear that the two traditional names for the region, Albanian and Greek, were both in common use then, not only locally but by the often classically-educated officers of a European Great Power.
    [Show full text]
  • Crossing Central Europe
    CROSSING CENTRAL EUROPE Continuities and Transformations, 1900 and 2000 Crossing Central Europe Continuities and Transformations, 1900 and 2000 Edited by HELGA MITTERBAUER and CARRIE SMITH-PREI UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London © University of Toronto Press 2017 Toronto Buffalo London www.utorontopress.com Printed in the U.S.A. ISBN 978-1-4426-4914-9 Printed on acid-free, 100% post-consumer recycled paper with vegetable-based inks. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Crossing Central Europe : continuities and transformations, 1900 and 2000 / edited by Helga Mitterbauer and Carrie Smith-Prei. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4426-4914-9 (hardcover) 1. Europe, Central – Civilization − 20th century. I. Mitterbauer, Helga, editor II. Smith-Prei, Carrie, 1975−, editor DAW1024.C76 2017 943.0009’049 C2017-902387-X CC-BY-NC-ND This work is published subject to a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivative License. For permission to publish commercial versions please contact University of Tor onto Press. The editors acknowledge the financial assistance of the Faculty of Arts, University of Alberta; the Wirth Institute for Austrian and Central European Studies, University of Alberta; and Philixte, Centre de recherche de la Faculté de Lettres, Traduction et Communication, Université Libre de Bruxelles. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its publishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council, an agency of the
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Branding a Nation Online: Discourses on Polish Nationalism and Patriotism
    Re-Branding a Nation Online Re-Branding a Nation Online Discourses on Polish Nationalism and Patriotism Magdalena Kania-Lundholm Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Sal IX, Universitets- huset, Uppsala, Friday, October 26, 2012 at 10:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Abstract Kania-Lundholm, M. 2012. Re-Branding A Nation Online: Discourses on Polish Nationalism and Patriotism. Sociologiska institutionen. 258 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 978-91-506-2302-4. The aim of this dissertation is two-fold. First, the discussion seeks to understand the concepts of nationalism and patriotism and how they relate to one another. In respect to the more criti- cal literature concerning nationalism, it asks whether these two concepts are as different as is sometimes assumed. Furthermore, by problematizing nation-branding as an “updated” form of nationalism, it seeks to understand whether we are facing the possible emergence of a new type of nationalism. Second, the study endeavors to discursively analyze the ”bottom-up” processes of national reproduction and re-definition in an online, post-socialist context through an empirical examination of the online debate and polemic about the new Polish patriotism. The dissertation argues that approaching nationalism as a broad phenomenon and ideology which operates discursively is helpful for understanding patriotism as an element of the na- tionalist rhetoric that can be employed to study national unity, sameness, and difference. Emphasizing patriotism within the Central European context as neither an alternative to nor as a type of nationalism may make it possible to explain the popularity and continuous endur- ance of nationalism and of practices of national identification in different and changing con- texts.
    [Show full text]
  • Palestine and Poland; a Personal Perspective
    1 Nationalism in Comparison: Palestine and Poland; A Personal Perspective Gregory P. Rabb Professor of Political Science Jamestown Community College INTRODUCTION Defining and understanding nationalism in general can be difficult when done without referencing a particular nation or people. This paper is an attempt to understand nationalism in a comparative perspective as recommended by Benedict Anderson in his work entitled “Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism” (2016). Mr. Anderson also recommends understanding nationalism by focusing on the western hemisphere (or so called “new world”) rather than analyzing nationalism in the context of the so-called “old world” from a Euro-centric perspective. I am no Benedict Anderson, but I hope I met his recommendation by understanding nationalism from a personal perspective which I will explain shortly. NATIONALISM When introducing these concepts to my students I talk about the nation-state as the way in which we have organized the world since the Treaty of Westphalia-a Euro-centric perspective. The state is the government, however that is organized, and the nation is the people who are held together by any one or more of the following characteristics: common language, religion, history, ethnicity, and/or national identity including a commitment to a certain set of values (e.g. the emphasis on individual rights and the Constitution as our civil religion as seen in the US) and symbols (e.g. the monarchy and currency in the UK and the flag in the US). We then discuss the “stresses” from above, below, and beside (without) which may be heralding the end of the so-called nation-state era.
    [Show full text]
  • Pan-Asianism As an Ideal of Asian Identity and Solidarity, 1850–Present アジアの主体性・団結の理想としての汎アジア主 義−−１８５０年から今日まで
    Volume 9 | Issue 17 | Number 1 | Article ID 3519 | Apr 25, 2011 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Pan-Asianism as an Ideal of Asian Identity and Solidarity, 1850–Present アジアの主体性・団結の理想としての汎アジア主 義−−１８５０年から今日まで Christopher W. A. Szpilman, Sven Saaler Pan-Asianism as an Ideal of Asian Attempts to define Asia are almost as old as the Identity and Solidarity,term itself. The word “Asia” originated in ancient Greece in the fifth century BC. It 1850–Present originally denoted the lands of the Persian Empire extending east of the Bosphorus Straits Sven Saaler and Christopher W. A. but subsequently developed into a general term Szpilman used by Europeans to describe all the lands lying to the east of Europe. (The point where This is a revised, updated and abbreviated Europe ended and Asia began was, however, version of the introduction to the two volume never clearly defined.) Often, this usage collection by the authors ofPan-Asianism. A connoted a threat, real or perceived, by Asia to Documentary History Vol. 1 covers the years Europe—a region smaller in area, much less 1850-1920; Vol. 2 covers the years 1850- populous, poorer, and far less significant than present, link. Asia in terms of global history. The economic and political power of Asia, the The term “Asia” arrived in East Asia relatively world’s largest continent, is increasing rapidly. late, being introduced by Jesuit missionaries in According to the latest projections, the gross the sixteenth century. The term is found, domestic products of China and India, the written in Chinese characters 亜細亜( ), on world’s most populous nations, will each Chinese maps of the world made around 1600 surpass that of the United States in the not-too- under the supervision of Matteo Ricci distant future.
    [Show full text]
  • Building an Unwanted Nation: the Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Carolina Digital Repository BUILDING AN UNWANTED NATION: THE ANGLO-AMERICAN PARTNERSHIP AND AUSTRIAN PROPONENTS OF A SEPARATE NATIONHOOD, 1918-1934 Kevin Mason A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2007 Approved by: Advisor: Dr. Christopher Browning Reader: Dr. Konrad Jarausch Reader: Dr. Lloyd Kramer Reader: Dr. Michael Hunt Reader: Dr. Terence McIntosh ©2007 Kevin Mason ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Kevin Mason: Building an Unwanted Nation: The Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934 (Under the direction of Dr. Christopher Browning) This project focuses on American and British economic, diplomatic, and cultural ties with Austria, and particularly with internal proponents of Austrian independence. Primarily through loans to build up the economy and diplomatic pressure, the United States and Great Britain helped to maintain an independent Austrian state and prevent an Anschluss or union with Germany from 1918 to 1934. In addition, this study examines the minority of Austrians who opposed an Anschluss . The three main groups of Austrians that supported independence were the Christian Social Party, monarchists, and some industries and industrialists. These Austrian nationalists cooperated with the Americans and British in sustaining an unwilling Austrian nation. Ultimately, the global depression weakened American and British capacity to practice dollar and pound diplomacy, and the popular appeal of Hitler combined with Nazi Germany’s aggression led to the realization of the Anschluss .
    [Show full text]
  • Turkish Nationalism and Turkish Islam: a New Balance
    TURKISH NATIONALISM AND TURKISH ISLAM: A NEW BALANCE Nationalism and Islam have widely tended to be viewed as separate elements in the Turkish context. However, Islam has, in fact, been a foundational part of Turkish identity since the establishment of the Turkish Republic; and, on the popular level, Islam cannot actually be separated from nationalism. The equation of Turkish with Muslim identity was always tacitly understood; now it is explicit. Previous Turkish governments have, at times, won support by ap- pealing to both nationalist and religious sentiments as well but none has done this so successfully as the AKP… The current Turkish government’s rhetoric manages to appeal to both impulses, and that is why it is such a powerful brew. The AKP has been able to achieve what no other government has be- fore: wedding popular religious nationalism to the levers of government and remaining in power whilst doing so. William Armstrong* * William Armstrong is a freelance journalist and editor, currently working in İstanbul. 133 VOLUME 10 NUMBER 4 WILLIAM ARMSTRONG ince the establishment of the Republic of Turkey in 1923, received wisdom has tended to consider nationalism and Islam as mutually incompatible forces in the Turkish context. Turkish nationalism – S so this narrative goes - is defined by the secularizing, modernizing example of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, a positivist, military man with an almost religious faith in the ability of science to reshape society. Islam, with its appeals to multinational, multiracial unity, inevitably stood in the way of the “pure”, homogenous nation-state. Such an understanding was propagated by those early secularizing elites within Turkey itself, and largely accepted by observers outside the country for the better part of the past hundred years.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origins of Greek Cypriot National Identity
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 12-1998 The Origins of Greek Cypriot National Identity Elena Koumna Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Koumna, Elena, "The Origins of Greek Cypriot National Identity" (1998). Master's Theses. 3888. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/3888 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ORIGINS OF GREEK CYPRIOT NATIONAL IDENTITY by Elena Koumna A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillmentof the requirements forthe Degree of Master of Arts Department of Political Science Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan December 1998 Copyrightby Elena Koumna 1998 To all those who never stop seeking more knowledge ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This thesis could have never been written without the support of several people. First, I would like to thank my chair and mentor, Dr. Jim Butterfield, who patiently guided me through this challenging process. Without his initial encouragement and guidance to pursue the arguments examined here, this thesis would not have materialized. He helped me clarify and organize my thoughts at a time when my own determination to examine Greek Cypriot identity was coupled with many obstacles. His continuing support and most enlightening feedbackduring the writing of the thesis allowed me to deal with the emotional and content issues that surfaced repeatedly.
    [Show full text]
  • Celebrating the Stateless Nation, Or How the "Polish Question" Stayed Afloat
    Patrice M. Dabrowski. Commemorations and the Shaping of Modern Poland. Blommington: Indiana University Press, 2004. 313 S. $45.00, cloth, ISBN 978-0-253-34429-8. Reviewed by Laurie Koloski Published on HABSBURG (May, 2007) The Poles' "long nineteenth century" was in a mythologized past, and committed to an inde‐ even longer than that of most European nations, pendent Polish future. In so doing, they kept the stretching as it did from the frst partition of 1772, Polish nation, and the "Polish question," alive and when Prussia, Austria, and Russia claimed chunks well. Commemorations and the Shaping of Mod‐ of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, to 1918, ern Poland, Patrice Dabrowski's excellent new when an independent Polish state re-emerged. Be‐ study, shows how. tween the third partition of 1795 and the end of The Polish "predicament" in the nineteenth World War I, Poland as a political entity essential‐ century, as Dabrowski points out early in the ly disappeared from the map of Europe, and eth‐ book, involved "the mind of a large nation in a nic Poles found themselves governed by three dif‐ stateless body" (p. 7). This dilemma turned out to ferent imperial states. Had the partitions hap‐ be a source of inspiration for Polish national ac‐ pened a century earlier, the "Polish question" tivists who had two goals: frst, to broaden the na‐ might have settled into historical obscurity. What tion to include the peasantry (only an inclusive Poland's partitioners could not know in the late nation would be strong enough to revive an inde‐ eighteenth
    [Show full text]
  • What Can Taiwan (And the United States) Expect from Japan?
    Journal of East Asian Studies 5 (2005), 1–34 What Can Taiwan (and the United States) Expect from Japan? Gregory W. Noble In the 1990s and into the new century, increased Japanese sympathy toward Taiwan and antipathy toward mainland China led to a series of moves to improve treatment of Taiwan, including enhanced transporta- tion links, a higher level and frequency of official contacts, posting of a military attaché, and expressions of support for Taiwan’s participation in regional and international organizations. Nevertheless, Japan remains firmly wedded to a One China policy that opposes both the use of force by the mainland and a declaration by Taiwan of independence from China. Japan’s willingness to cooperate with the United States to defend Taiwan is increasingly in doubt. The sources of Japan’s supportive but restrained policy include the decline of traditional ties with Taiwan, the increasing size of the mainland market, and above all a perception of security risks that ultimately diverges sharply from that of Taiwan. Seri- ous cooperation in defense and diplomacy requires shared (or comple- mentary) threats, not just shared adversaries. KEYWORDS: Japanese foreign policy, Japan-Taiwan relations, Japan- China relations, Sino-Japanese relations onfrontation over the sovereignty of Taiwan is the most likely trig- C ger for superpower conflict in East Asia and perhaps in the entire world. North Korea may brandish a small stock of missiles and nuclear devices for blackmail or deterrence, but only Taiwan sets today’s domi- nant military
    [Show full text]