Islamku Islam Anda Islam Kita Agama Masyarakat Negara Demokrasi

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Islamku Islam Anda Islam Kita Agama Masyarakat Negara Demokrasi ISLAMKU ISLAM ANDA ISLAM KITA Agama Masyarakat Negara Demokrasi Abdurrahman Wahid ISLAMKU ISLAM ANDA ISLAM KITA Agama Masyarakat Negara Demokrasi KATA PENGANTAR: DR. M. SYAFI’I ANWAR Islamku Islam Anda Islam Kita Agama Masyarakat Negara Demokrasi Abdurrahman Wahid Kata Pengantar: M. Syafi’i Anwar Penyelaras Akhir: Ahmad Suaedy Rumadi Gamal Ferdhi Agus Maftuh Abegebriel Rancang Sampul: M. Novi Widhi Cahya Setting/Layout: M. Isnaeni “Amax’s” Hanung Seto xxxvi + 412 halaman: 15,5 x 23,5 cm ISBN 979 - 98737- 0 – 3 Cetakan I : Agustus 2006 Diterbitkan oleh: Jl. Taman Amir Hamzah No. 8 Jakarta 10320, Indonesia Telp. : +62-21-3928233 Fax : +62-21-3928250 Email : [email protected] Website : www.wahidinstitute.org Pengantar Redaksi ahwa “Tuhan tidak perlu dibela”, itu sudah dinyata­ kan oleh Abdurrahman Wahid alias Gus Dur dalam suatu tulisannya yang kemudian menjadi judul Bsalah satu buku kumpulan karangannya yang diterbitkan bebe­ rapa tahun lalu. Tapi, bagaimana dengan umat­Nya atau manu­ sia pada umumnya? “Merekalah yang sebenarnya justru perlu dibela” ketika mereka menuai ancaman atau mengalami ketertindasan dalam seluruh aspek kehidupan, baik politik, ekonomi, sosial, budaya dan agama. Konsekuensi dari pembelaan, adalah kritik, dan ter­ kadang terpaksa harus mengecam, jika sudah melewati ambang toleransi. “Pembelaan”, itulah kata kunci dalam esai­esai kumpul­ an tulisan Abdurrahman Wahid kali ini. Maka, bisa dikatakan, esai­esai ini berangkat dari perspektif korban, dalam hampir se­ mua kasus yang dibahas. Wahid tidak pandang bulu, tidak membedakan agama, et­ nis, warna kulit, posisi sosial, agama apapun untuk melakukan­ nya. Bahkan, Wahid tidak ragu untuk mengorbankan image sen­ diri—sesuatu yang seringkali menjadi barang mahal bagi mereka yang merasa sebagai politisi terkemuka— untuk membela korban yang memang perlu dibela. Maka orang sering terkecoh bahwa seolah Wahid sedang mencari muka ketika harus mengorbankan dirinya sendiri. Munculnya tuduhan sebagai ketua ketoprak, kle­ nik, neo-PKI, dibaptis masuk Kristen, kafir, murtad, agen Zionis Yahudi dan sebagainya, tidak akan menjadi beban bagi dirinya ketika harus membela korban. g vii h ISLAMKU ISLAM ANDA ISLAM KITA Bahkan jika dia sendiri yang jadi korban, tidak akan ragu juga untuk memperjuangkannya, seperti kasus diskriminasi yang dilakukan oleh KPU (Komisi Pemilihan Umum) dalam pe­ milihan presiden 2004. Hanya untuk tidak meloloskan dia men­ jadi calon presiden, KPU merekayasa sebuah aturan yang aneh bin diskriminatif dengan melanggar UUD 45 dan perundangan­ undangan yang ada, yang di masa depan yang panjang, mung­ kin baru akan terasa bahwa hal itu akan menjadi problem besar bangsa Indonesia untuk menegakkan demokrasi dan kedaulatan hukum. Meskipun ia selama ini selalu menjadi pembela orang lain, ia tidak ambil pusing –ketika dirinya menjadi korban, tak ada yang membantu atau membelanya. Wahid dalam esai­esainya ini melakukan pembelaan mulai dari Inul Daratista yang dikeroyok oleh para seniman terkemu­ ka di Jakarta dengan alasan agama, Ulil Abshar Abdalla aktivis Islam Liberal yang divonis hukuman mati juga dengan alasan agama Islam oleh para ulama terkemuka, sampai ancaman un­ tuk menutup pesantren Al­Mukmin di Ngruki, Solo oleh polisi, meskipun ia tetap mengkritik pandangan Abu Bakar Ba'asyir dan pengikutnya. Wahid juga melakukan pembelaan terhadap rakyat Irak dan Saddam Hussein dalam berhadapan dengan kejahatann Presiden Amerika Serikat George W. Bush Jr., rakyat Palestina yang terus menerus menjadi bulan­bulanan Israel, serta rakyat tertindas di negara­negara berkembang atas dominasi kapitalis dunia dalam globalisasi. Dan tentu saja, rakyat kecil yang menjadi korban ke­ bijakan pemerintah sendiri. Mereka adalah rakyat Aceh yang ter­ paksa memilih bergabung dengan GAM, sebagian rakyat Papua yang terpaksa bergabung dengan OPM, serta rakyat Ambon yang menjadi korban rekayasa kekerasan. Begitu juga pemeluk agama minoritas, selalu menjadi subjek pembelaannya. Satu hal yang dihindari Wahid ­yang memproklamirkan diri sebagai pengikut setia Mahatma Gandhi­ adalah kekerasan, termasuk yang dilakukan dari pihak korban. Hanya kalau orang Islam diusir dari rumahnya yang sah dengan semena­mena, kata Wahid menurut hukum Islam, mereka baru boleh melakukan ke­ kerasan. Di samping itu, Wahid juga menghindari satu sudut pan­ dang saja dalam melihat banyak hal, termasuk agama. Judul utama buku ini memperlihatkan bahwa pluralitas diutamakan g viii h PENGANTAR termasuk dalam melihat Islam: “Islamku, Islam Anda, Islam Kita”. Tak ada satu Islam, Islam adalah multi wajah, wajah ma­ nusiawi. Pluralitas dalam melihat Islam dan kehidupan, dengan ber­ sandar pada etika dan spiritualitas, itulah yang diusulkan Wahid, termasuk untuk mengelola dunia yang terus bergerak ke arah globalisasi ini: untuk perdamaian abadi dan saling menghormati antar bangsa dan antar manusia. The Wahid Institute dengan senang hati mempersembah­ kan esai­esai ini yang ditulis Wahid pasca lengser dari kursi kepre­ sidenan. Wahid Institute berhutang budi kepada banyak pihak, terutama kepada harian dan majalah yang tulisan­tulisannya di­ muat dalam kumpulan ini; juga kepada mereka yang secara tekun mencatat, menyimpan dan memperbaiki jika perlu, atas semua naskah ini. Juga kepada Abdurrahman Wahid sendiri yang de­ ngan rela memberikan naskah ini untuk diterbitkan. Terakhir rasa terima kasih yang besar disampaikan kepada Dr. M. Syafi’i Anwar Direktur ICIP (International Center for Islam and Plu- ralism), yang dalam kesibukannya menyelesaikan disertasi dok­ tornya, masih menyempatkan diri untuk membaca, menseleksi dan memberikan saran perbaikan serta mensistematisasi dan memberi kata pengantar buku ini. Terima kasih juga disampaikan kepada semua pihak yang tidak bisa disebut satu per satu. Kami hanya bisa mengucapkan semoga amal ibadah bapak ibu sekalian diterima oleh Allah Swt. Amiiin. Selamat membaca, Jakarta, Agustus 2006 the WAHID Institute g ix h Islamku, Islam Anda, Islam Kita Membingkai Potret Pemikiran Politik KH Abdurrahman Wahid Oleh M. Syafi’i Anwar ada mulanya adalah sebuah pertemuan. Tepatnya pertemuan antara saya dan KH Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur) tanggal 11 Oktober 2001 di rumahnya, di ka­ Pwasan Ciganjur, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selatan. Waktu itu saya menemuinya untuk keperluan wawancara dalam rangka penulis­ an disertasi yang sedang saya tulis pada Departement of Indo­ nesian Studies, University of Melbourne, Australia. Hari masih pagi, kira­kira pukul 8 ketika saya datang ke rumah Gus Dur. Tapi sepagi itu deretan orang yang antri untuk bertemu Gus Dur sudah cukup panjang. Gus Dur baru selesai mandi pagi ketika saya datang. Segera saja Mas Munib, ajudan Gus Dur memberi­ tahukan bahwa saya sudah datang. Begitu diberitahu saya sudah datang, Gus Dur segera bertanya “Mana Mas Syafi’i?.” Segera saya pun menghampiri dan menyalaminya. “Wawancaranya di mobil saja, ya Mas ...sambil jalan­jalan ...,” ujarnya dengan rileks. Tentu saja saya agak sedikit terkejut dengan tawaran man­ tan presiden RI ke­empat ini, meskipun senang juga karena Gus Dur bersedia meluangkan waktunya di tengah kesibukannya melayani ummat. Bagi seorang mantan wartawan seperti saya, tak ada masalah di mana pun tempat wawancara. Yang penting adalah kesediaan narasumber untuk diwawancara. Namun yang sedikit agak merisaukan saya justru pergi ke luar naik mobil de­ ngan Gus Dur itu. Saya khawatir, orang­orang yang ingin berte­ mu dan sudah cukup lama menunggu itu akan kecewa karena mereka mengira Gus Dur akan pergi, sementara mereka sudah g xi h ISLAMKU ISLAM ANDA ISLAM KITA cukup lama menunggu. “Tapi bagaimana dengan orang­orang yang sudah cukup lama menunggu itu. Nanti mereka kecewa ka­ rena mengira Gus Dur akan pergi. Wawancara di sini juga nggak apa­apa,” kata saya. “Ah, ndak ada masalah. Mereka kan bisa me­ nunggu, Munib sudah memberi tahu mereka, dan mereka mak­ lum. Lagi pula Anda kan datang dari Australia dan waktu Anda di sini tidak banyak,” kata Gus Dur. Akhirnya saya pun tak dapat menolak ajakannya. Bersama sopirnya, kami berdua berkeliling naik mobil, berputar­putar di kawasan Ciganjur dan Pasar Minggu. Selama hampir satu jam sopir membawa kami berputar­ putar di kawasan tersebut, sementara saya sibuk merekam dan mencatat hasil wawancara. Kadang­kadang kami berdua tertawa tergelak­gelak, terutama kalau Gus Dur membuat joke-joke yang segar tentang berbagai soal politik mutakhir. Gus Dur menjawab semua pertanyaan yang saya ajukan, disertai dengan argumen­ argumen yang kaya wawasan, bahkan dengan banyak kutipan ayat-ayat suci al-Qur’an dan Hadits Nabi yang menjadi landasan jawabannya. Ketika sopir menghentikan mobil di rumah Gus Dur, wawancara pun belum selesai dan dilanjutkan kembali di rumah. Tapi saya segera membatasi diri untuk tidak berlama­ lama lagi karena mempertimbangkan banyaknya orang yang su­ dah antri. Sewaktu hendak pulang, Gus Dur berkata: “Mas, saya ingin mempercayakan kepada sampeyan untuk mengedit dan memberi pengantar untuk kumpulan artikel saya. Ini kumpul­ an artikel saya era pasca lengser. Anda kan wartawan, jadi bisa menggunting­gunting kumpulan tulisan itu.” Sejenak saya tertegun dengan permintaan dan ungkapan Gus Dur itu. Bagaimana pun saya merasa surprise dengan apa yang diungkapkan Gus Dur. Bukan apa­apa, di satu sisi saya me­ rasa mendapat kehormatan dengan kepercayaan itu. Tapi di sisi lain, saya merasa bahwa tugas mengedit dan memberi pengan­ tar untuk buku kumpulan tulisan Gus Dur juga bukan pekerjaan sederhana. Masalahnya bukan saja karena waktu saya yang ter­ batas, tapi juga karena saya merasa bukan
Recommended publications
  • Kearifan Lokal Tahlilan-Yasinan Dalam Dua Perspektif Menurut Muhammadiyah
    KEARIFAN LOKAL TAHLILAN-YASINAN DALAM DUA PERSPEKTIF MENURUT MUHAMMADIYAH Khairani Faizah Jurusan Pekerjaan Sosial Program Pascasarjana Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan kalijaga Yogyakarta [email protected] Abstract. Tahlilan or selamatan have been rooted and become a custom in the Javanese society. Beginning of the selamatan or tahlilan is derived from the ceremony of ancestors worship of the Nusantara who are Hindus and Buddhists. Indeed tahlilan-yasinan is a form of local wisdom from the worship ceremony. The ceremony as a form of respect for people who have released a world that is set at a time like the name of tahlilan-yasinan. In the perspective of Muhammadiyah, the innocent tahlilan-yasinan with the premise that human beings have reached the points that will only get the reward for their own practice. In addition, Muhammadiyah people as well as many who do tahlilan-yasinan ritual are received tahlian-yasinan as a form of cultural expression. Therefore, this paper conveys how Muhammadiyah deal with it in two perspectives and this paper is using qualitative method. Both views are based on the interpretation of the journey of the human spirit. The human spirit, writing apart from the body, will return to God. Whether the soul can accept the submissions or not, the fact that know the provisions of a spirit other than Allah swt. All human charity can not save itself from the punishment of hell and can not put it into heaven other than by the grace of Allah swt. Keywords: Tahlilan, Bid’ah, Muhammadiyah Abstrak. Ritual tahlilan atau selamatan kematian ini sudah mengakar dan menjadi budaya pada masyarakat Jawa yang sangat berpegang teguh pada adat istiadatnya.
    [Show full text]
  • Rituals of Islamic Spirituality: a Study of Majlis Dhikr Groups
    Rituals of Islamic Spirituality A STUDY OF MAJLIS DHIKR GROUPS IN EAST JAVA Rituals of Islamic Spirituality A STUDY OF MAJLIS DHIKR GROUPS IN EAST JAVA Arif Zamhari THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY E P R E S S E P R E S S Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au/islamic_citation.html National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Author: Zamhari, Arif. Title: Rituals of Islamic spirituality: a study of Majlis Dhikr groups in East Java / Arif Zamhari. ISBN: 9781921666247 (pbk) 9781921666254 (pdf) Series: Islam in Southeast Asia. Notes: Includes bibliographical references. Subjects: Islam--Rituals. Islam Doctrines. Islamic sects--Indonesia--Jawa Timur. Sufism--Indonesia--Jawa Timur. Dewey Number: 297.359598 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU E Press Printed by Griffin Press This edition © 2010 ANU E Press Islam in Southeast Asia Series Theses at The Australian National University are assessed by external examiners and students are expected to take into account the advice of their examiners before they submit to the University Library the final versions of their theses. For this series, this final version of the thesis has been used as the basis for publication, taking into account other changesthat the author may have decided to undertake.
    [Show full text]
  • NEW INTERPRETATION on PROHIBITION to SLAUGHTER COW for KUDUS SOCIETY (Paul Ricoeur‟S Social Hermeneutic Perspective)
    1 NEW INTERPRETATION ON PROHIBITION TO SLAUGHTER COW FOR KUDUS SOCIETY (Paul Ricoeur‟s Social Hermeneutic Perspective) THESIS Submitted to Ushuluddin and Humanity Faculty in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree of S-1 on Theology and Philosophy Departement Written by: Yulinar Aini Rahmah NIM: 124111038 SPECIAL PROGRAM OF USHULUDDIN AND HUMANITY FACULTY STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY (UIN) WALISONGO SEMARANG 2016 2 DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is definitely my own work. I am completely responsible for content of this thesis. Other writer‟s opinions or findings included in the thesis are quoted or cited in accordance with ethical standards. Semarang, May 18, 2016 The Writer, Yulinar Aini Rahmah NIM. 124111038 3 4 5 MOTTO O mankind! We created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that you may know each other (not that you may despise (each other). Verily the most honoured of you in the sight of Allah is (he who is) the most righteous of you. And Allah has full knowledge and is well acquinted (with all things). -Al-Hujuraat 13- 6 DEDICATION This Thesis is dedicated to: My beloved Mom and Dad, My Brother and My Sister, My Teachers , And everyone who loves the wisdom 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . All praises and thanks are always delivered unto Allah for his mercy and blessing. Furthemore, may peace and respect are always given to Muhammad peace unto him who has taught wisdom for all mankind. By saying Alhamdulillah, the writer presents this thesis entittled: NEW INTERPRETATION ON PROHIBITION TO SLAUGHTER COW FOR KUDUS SOCIETY (Paul Ricoeur‟s Social Hermeneutic Perspective) to be submitted on Ushuluddin and Humanity Faculty in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of S-1 on Theology and Philosophy Departement.
    [Show full text]
  • The Formation of Liberal and Anti-Liberal Islamic Legal Thinking in Indonesia Akh
    Akh. Muzakki IS EDUCATION DETERMINANT? The Formation of Liberal and Anti-liberal Islamic Legal Thinking in Indonesia Akh. Muzakki The University of Queensland, Australia Abstract: Liberalism and anti-liberalism are two increasing- ly prominent but staunchly opposing streams of Islamic legal thinking in Indonesia. This article analyses the formation of each of the two through an examination of the role of formal education. It focuses on organic intellectuals during two periods, the New Order and the reformasi. Challenging the strongly-held thesis of the determinant role of education, this article argues that both liberal and anti-liberal Islamic legal thinking in Indonesia is a result of not only the intellectual formation in the sense of academic training and access to education and knowledge, but also the sociological background and exposure in building a new epistemic community in an urban context. As a theoretical understanding of sociolo- gical background and exposure, the concept of epistemic community deserves to be taken as an analytical framework in addition to education for the analysis of the formation of the two contesting bents of Islamic legal thinking in Indonesia. Keywords: Liberalism, anti-liberalism, Islamic legal think- ing, education, epistemic community. Introduction In his controversial speech entitled “The Necessity of Islamic Renewal Thinking and the Problem of the Integration of the Ummah” on 2 January 1970, Madjid argued for a dynamic approach to Islam which requires reinterpretation of Islamic teachings in context with place and time. In more elaborate ways, he further argued that Islamic values move in line with the spirit of humanitarianism which promotes 280 JOURNAL OF INDONESIAN ISLAM Volume 01, Number 02, December 2007 Is Education Determinant? the dignity of Mankind.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Indonesian Islam?
    M. Laffan, draft paper prepared for discussion at the UCLA symposium ‘Islam and Southeast Asia’, May 15 2006 What is Indonesian Islam? Michael Laffan, History Department, Princeton University* Abstract This paper is a preliminary essay thinking about the concept of an Indonesian Islam. After considering the impact of the ideas of Geertz and Benda in shaping the current contours of what is assumed to fit within this category, and how their notions were built on the principle that the region was far more multivocal in the past than the present, it turns to consider whether, prior to the existance of Indonesia, there was ever such a notion as Jawi Islam and questions what modern Indonesians make of their own Islamic history and its impact on the making of their religious subjectivities. What about Indonesian Islam? Before I begin I would like to present you with three recent statements reflecting either directly or indirectly on assumptions about Indonesian Islam. The first is the response of an Australian academic to the situation in Aceh after the 2004 tsunami, the second and third have been made of late by Indonesian scholars The traditionalist Muslims of Aceh, with their mystical, Sufistic approach to life and faith, are a world away from the fundamentalist Islamists of Saudi Arabia and some other Arab states. The Acehnese have never been particularly open to the bigoted "reformism" of radical Islamist groups linked to Saudi Arabia. … Perhaps it is for this reason that aid for Aceh has been so slow coming from wealthy Arab nations such as Saudi Arabia.1 * This, admittedly in-house, piece presented at the UCLA Colloquium on Islam and Southeast Asia: Local, National and Transnational Studies on May 15, 2006, is very much a tentative first stab in the direction I am taking in my current project on the Making of Indonesian Islam.
    [Show full text]
  • The Islamic Traditions of Cirebon
    the islamic traditions of cirebon Ibadat and adat among javanese muslims A. G. Muhaimin Department of Anthropology Division of Society and Environment Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies July 1995 Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] Web: http://epress.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Muhaimin, Abdul Ghoffir. The Islamic traditions of Cirebon : ibadat and adat among Javanese muslims. Bibliography. ISBN 1 920942 30 0 (pbk.) ISBN 1 920942 31 9 (online) 1. Islam - Indonesia - Cirebon - Rituals. 2. Muslims - Indonesia - Cirebon. 3. Rites and ceremonies - Indonesia - Cirebon. I. Title. 297.5095982 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design by Teresa Prowse Printed by University Printing Services, ANU This edition © 2006 ANU E Press the islamic traditions of cirebon Ibadat and adat among javanese muslims Islam in Southeast Asia Series Theses at The Australian National University are assessed by external examiners and students are expected to take into account the advice of their examiners before they submit to the University Library the final versions of their theses. For this series, this final version of the thesis has been used as the basis for publication, taking into account other changes that the author may have decided to undertake. In some cases, a few minor editorial revisions have made to the work. The acknowledgements in each of these publications provide information on the supervisors of the thesis and those who contributed to its development.
    [Show full text]
  • Peran Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwono Xii Dalam Mempertahankan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (1945-1949)
    PERAN SRI SUSUHUNAN PAKUBUWONO XII DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN KEMERDEKAAN INDONESIA (1945-1949) RINGKASAN SKRIPSI Oleh: M Arief Sasono 10406244038 PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN SEJARAH JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN SEJARAH FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL UNIVERSITAS NEGERI YOGYAKARTA 2017 2 PERAN SRI SUSUHUNAN PAKUBUWONO XII DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN KEMERDEKAAN INDONESIA (1945-1949) Oleh: M Arief Sasono dan Dr .Aman, M.Pd ABSTRAK Proklamasi Kemerdekaan pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1945 bukan akhir dari perjuangan Indonesia. Rakyat Indonesia masih berjuang dalam mempertahankan kemerdekaan. Tujuan dari penulisan Skripsi ini untuk: (1) mengetahui perjuangan masyarakat dan kondisi Surakarta pasca Kemerdekaan. (2) mengetahui latar belakang Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwono XII (3). Mengetahui peran Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwono XII dalam mempertahankan Kemerdekaan Metode yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini menggunakan metodelogi yang ditulis oleh Kuntowijoyo. Metode Tersebut meliputi pemilihan topik, pengumpulan sumber, verifikasi, interpretasi dan Historiografi atau penulisan sejarah. Semua metode tersebut sudah dilakukan oleh penulis dalam menyusun skripsi ini. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh yaitu (1) Perjuangan di Surakarta melibatkan KNI, pemuda, tokoh, bangsawan dan Sri Susuhunan Pakubuwono XII Dan pada akhirnya warga berhasil mengambil alih kekuasaan serta melucuti senjata tentara penjajah. (2) Pakubuwono XII lahir di Surakarta pada Selasa Legi tanggal 14 April 1925, dan diangkat menjadi raja di Keraton Surakarta pada usia yang sangat muda yaitu usia 20 tahun. Beliau juga dikenal dengan raja 3 jaman dengan lama memimpin 48 tahun. Atas pengabdiannya bagi Indonesia, maka Pakubuwana XII diberikan piagam penghargaan dan medali perjuangan angkatan ’45 yang ditetapkan oleh Dewan Harian Nasional Angkatan-45 di Jakarta. Piagam merupakan bukti kesetiaannya kepada Negara Kesatuan RI dan atas nasionalisme yang dalam di masa perjuangan kemerdekaan. (3) Peran PakuBuwono XII antara lain mengorbankan kekayaan keraton yang dimiliki seperti emas dan persenjataan yang sangat banyak, bahkan menyebabkan Keraton sendiri defisit.
    [Show full text]
  • Adat As a Means of Unification and Its Contestation. the Case of North Halmahera
    Brigitta Hauser-Schäublin (dir.) Adat and Indigeneity in Indonesia Culture and Entitlements between Heteronomy and Self-Ascription Göttingen University Press Adat as a Means of Unification and its Contestation. The Case of North Halmahera Serena Müller Publisher: Göttingen University Press Place of publication: Göttingen University Press Year of publication: 2013 Published on OpenEdition Books: 12 April 2017 Serie: Göttingen Studies in Cultural Property Electronic ISBN: 9782821875487 http://books.openedition.org Electronic reference MÜLLER, Serena. Adat as a Means of Unification and its Contestation. The Case of North Halmahera In: Adat and Indigeneity in Indonesia: Culture and Entitlements between Heteronomy and Self-Ascription [online]. Göttingen: Göttingen University Press, 2013 (generated 10 septembre 2020). Available on the Internet: <http://books.openedition.org/gup/181>. ISBN: 9782821875487. Becoming Aristocrats: Keraton in the Politics of Adat Fadjar I. Thufail Introduction An incident in West Jakarta District involving a group of thugs unravels the fraught relationship between the royal families of Javanese keratons and the public,1 exposing contentious issues over cultural property, political connection and symbolic status. The incident discloses an overlooked connection between the aristocracy and economy and sheds light on the challenges the aristocrats confront to rethink how noble culture and adat encounter the encroachment of capital and the state into the palace realm. In other words, the incident with the thugs depicts the predicament that the keraton and its noblemen must negotiate in order to sustain and assert the cultural sovereignty of the palace despite the continuous pressures from the state and capital to curtail the political role of the keraton.
    [Show full text]
  • Friend - Wahid
    Foreign Policy Research Institute E-Notes A Catalyst for Ideas Distributed via Email and Posted at www.fpri.org January 2010 ABDURRAHMAN WAHID, THE INDONESIAN REPUBLIC, AND DYNAMICS IN ISLAM By Theodore Friend Abdurrahman Wahid, known as Gus Dur, died on 30 December 2009 at the age of sixty-nine. The genial complexity of his character, which drew millions to him, was not adequate to the pressures of the presidency. But his life, career, and elements of caprice contain abundant clues for anyone who would understand modern Sufism, global Islam, and the Republic of Indonesia. Premises of a Republic Wahid was five years old in 1945 at the time of Indonesia’s revolutionary founding as a multi-confessional republic. Sukarno, in shaping its birth, supplied the five principles of its ideology: nationalism, international humanity, consensus democracy, social justice, and monotheism. Hatta, his major partner, helped ensure freedom of worship not only for Muslims but for Catholics and Protestants, Hindus and Buddhists, with Confucians much later protected under Wahid as president. The only thing you could not be as an Indonesian citizen was an atheist. Especially during and after the killings of 1965-66, atheism suggested that one was a communist. In this atmosphere, greatly more tolerant than intolerant, Wahid grew up, the son of the Minister of Religious Affairs under Sukarno, and grandson of a founder of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in 1926—a traditionalistic and largely peasant-oriented organization of Muslims, which now claims 40 million members. Wahid himself was elected NU’s chairman, 1984-1999, before becoming, by parliamentary election, President of the Republic, 1999-2001.
    [Show full text]
  • Revitalizing the Sunan Kudus' Multiculturalism In
    REVITALIZING THE SUNAN KUDUS’ MULTICULTURALISM IN RESPONDING ISLAMIC RADICALISM IN INDONESIA Nur Said Head of Culture Study Center, STAIN Kudus e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT This article’s main focus is on exploring Sunan Kudus’ multiculturalism in Java with special focus on revitalizing them in responding Islamic radicalism in Indonesia. In this writing the authors use the semiotic and phenomenological approaches and supported by the oral history. Semiotics in this case can be a form of deconstruction of the understanding that was considered to be established. So it will be able to find the cultural capital with does not separate the spiritualism of Sunan Kudus. Some important conclusions are: First, the presence of Sunan Kudus in has brought the mission of Walisong to transmit a peaceful Islam in Java through a cultural approach, according to prominent local situation and conditions of each. Second, Sunan Kudus has built a successful political integration with the rights of democratic participation that considers tolerance and equality for citizens even though dealing with the different religious communities such as Hindu and Confucianism so that awakened a ‘social system’ with democratic civility, known as “Kudus Darussalam”. Third, the values and spirit of multiculturalism of Sunan Kudus are a cultural capital that will be the habitus of the community and strengthen democratic civility to the level of actions (behaviors), when reconstructed through a systematic educational values in responding the Islamic radicalism in the name of democracy. Keywords: Revitalizing, Sunan Kudus’ multiculturalism, Islamic radicalism Volume 1 | Number 1 | January-June 2013 37 A. Introduction Momentum of the reform movement in Indonesia since 1998 until now, a lot people has been expected the building of the new order of society more harmonious and tolerant in the Indonesia’s plural society.
    [Show full text]
  • From Custom to Pancasila and Back to Adat Naples
    1 Secularization of religion in Indonesia: From Custom to Pancasila and back to adat Stephen C. Headley (CNRS) [Version 3 Nov., 2008] Introduction: Why would anyone want to promote or accept a move to normalization of religion? Why are village rituals considered superstition while Islam is not? What is dangerous about such cultic diversity? These are the basic questions which we are asking in this paper. After independence in 1949, the standardization of religion in the Republic of Indonesia was animated by a preoccupation with “unity in diversity”. All citizens were to be monotheists, for monotheism reflected more perfectly the unity of the new republic than did the great variety of cosmologies deployed in the animistic cults. Initially the legal term secularization in European countries (i.e., England and France circa 1600-1800) meant confiscations of church property. Only later in sociology of religion did the word secularization come to designate lesser attendance to church services. It also involved a deep shift in the epistemological framework. It redefined what it meant to be a person (Milbank, 1990). Anthropology in societies where religion and the state are separate is very different than an anthropology where the rulers and the religion agree about man’s destiny. This means that in each distinct cultural secularization will take a different form depending on the anthropology conveyed by its historically dominant religion expression. For example, the French republic has no cosmology referring to heaven and earth; its genealogical amnesia concerning the Christian origins of the Merovingian and Carolingian kingdoms is deliberate for, the universality of the values of the republic were to liberate its citizens from public obedience to Catholicism.
    [Show full text]
  • Nahdhatul Ulama: from Traditionalist to Modernist Anzar Abdullah
    Nahdhatul Ulama: from traditionalist to modernist Anzar Abdullah, Muhammad Hasbi & Harifuddin Halim Universitas Islam Makassar Universitas Bosowa (UNIBOS) Makassar [email protected] Abstract This article is aimed to discuss the change shades of thought in Nahdhatul Ulama (NU) organization, from traditionalist to modernist. This is a literature study on thought that develop within related to NU bodies with Islamic cosmopolitanism discourse for interact and absorb of various element manifestation cultural and insight scientist as a part from discourse of modernism. This study put any number figures of NU as subject. The results of the study show that elements thought from figure of NU, like Gusdur which includes effort eliminate ethnicity, strength plurality culture, inclusive, liberal, heterogeneity politics, and life eclectic religion, has been trigger for the birth of the modernism of thought in the body of NU. It caused change of religious thought from textual to contextual, born in freedom of thinking atmosphere. Keywords: Nahdhatul Ulama, traditionalist, modernist, thought, organization Introduction The dynamic of Islamic thought that continues to develop within the NU organization in the present context, it is difficult to say that NU is still traditional, especially in the area of religious thought. This can be seen in the concept of inclusivism, cosmopolitanism, and even liberalism developed by NU figures such as Abdurrahman Wahid, Achmad Siddiq, and some young NU figures, such as Ulil Absar Abdalla. This shows a manifestation of modern thought. Critical thinking as a feature of modernism seems to have become the consumption of NU activists today. Therefore, a new term emerged among those called "re- interpretation of ahlussunah-waljamaah" and the re-interpretation of the concept of "bermazhab" or sect.
    [Show full text]