DOCSLIB.ORG

Fish Behaviour in Relation To

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fish Behaviour in Relation To ICES mar. Sei. Symp., 196: 12-16. 1993 Fish learning in response to trawl fishing Alexander I. Pyanov Pyanov, A. I. 1993. Fish learning in response to trawl fishing. - ICES mar. Sei. Symp., 196: 12-16. Changes in defensive behaviour adaptive to trawl fishing were studied in some freshwater fish species under natural and experimental conditions. Under natural conditions, repeated hauls of a trawl were made across aggregations of bream (Abramis brama) and individuals were tracked with ultrasonic transmitters. In aquarium experiments, a small scale model trawl and two dip nets of different sizes were used for catching lemon and white tetra (Hemigrammus caudovittatus) and rosy barbs (Barbus conchonius). Conditioned avoidance reactions to the fishing gears were established in the bream under test after one to two hauls. The reaction was weak in young bream and strong in adults. Experienced individuals escaped from the path of the trawler at a distance of about 50 m before it reached them. The results of the aquarium experiments confirmed and augmented those obtained under natural conditions. Alexander I. Pyanov: Institute of Evolutionary Animal Morphology & Ecology, Leninsky Prospect, 33, Moscow 117071, Russian Federation. Introduction Investigations under natural conditions Fishing is the oldest anthropogenic factor influencing In this work data on trawl catches of bream (Abramis populations of many fish species. However, to date the brama L.) were used as well as echograms and tracking question of fish behavioural adaptation to this factor has experiment data on individuals tagged with ultrasonic remained practically uninvestigated, although it is well transmitters. These investigations were part of a study in known that defensive fish behaviour significantly influ­ 1979-1985 on spatial and temporal distribution of bream ences the success of fishing. in Votkinskoe reservoir, an area where commercial Innate unconditioned reactions and learned avoid­ trawl fishing has never been practised before. ance both influence fish defensive behaviour. It has been A trawler of 180 reg. tons and 150 h.p. engine was experimentally shown that fish as well as higher ver­ used, equipped with a bottom trawl having 10 mm mini­ tebrates can easily acquire conditioned reflexes to any mum mesh size and 18 m between otter boards. Re­ external stimulus for which these animals have corre­ peated tows through the same fish aggregation were sponding receptors (Frolov, 1925). The speed of acqui­ carried out at intervals from 1.5 h to 3 days, and tows sition of a simple conditioned reflex is approximately were also shifted to be parallel to each other. The equal in all vertebrates (Voronin, 1954). duration of tows ranged from 5 to 20 min. The distances Having observed fish behaviour during fishing, some between parallel tows varied from 15 to 50 m. Catches scientists raised the possibility that fish might have (fish/hectare) in 34 sets of two hauls and in 13 sets of four conditioned defensive reactions to active fishing gear hauls have been compared. (Golenchenko, 1955; Kuhorenko, 1977). Individual bream were tracked according to the stan­ It is well known that birds and mammals quickly learn dard underwater telemetry method. “Pinger” transmit­ to avoid hunters (Severtsov, 1922; Illichov, 1977). This ters 35 x 17 mm were used. Ten bream of 25-48 cm and kind of learning in fish has been demonstrated only as far 0.5-2.8 kg were caught with trawl and gillnets for tag­ as angling is concerned (Beukema, 1970; Fernö and ging. All 10 tagged fish were released at their place of Huse, 1983), so I report here an attempt to investigate capture. After that, attempts were made to catch them learned avoidance in fish to active fishing gears under in the trawl some time later (from 30 min to 9 days). Two natural and experimental conditions. or three trials were made with each individual. Tracking 12 3.0 -i parallel transects, one of them being shifted some dis­ tance horizontally from the other, was tested. Catches from two groups of hauls (10 and 19 pairs) were tested; the distance between transects was 8-10 m and 15-25 m s z o respectively (Table 1). Correlation coefficients for log n2 ffl o and log ni in these groups were r = +0.96 (p < 0.01) and •Dc r' = +0.80 (p < 0.01). The difference between these o c groups is not significant (r-test). So, the dependence of CD C/D 0.5 - the catches occurred even when the parallel shift of the second tow was 8-25 m from the first one, though the zone of trawl capture (distance between the trawl 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 boards) was 17 m. First catch (log n,) Bream aggregations consisted of fish from 3 to 17 Figure 1. Dependence of the second trawl catch upon the first years old. Analysis of the size and age structure of this one in consecutive trawlings in the same area. species revealed a trend towards a decrease in the proportion of adult individuals in the second trawl data on 20 other individuals tagged in the fishing area catches (Fig. 2). For bream less than 22 cm long (juven­ and nearby have been analysed. iles), the value of the ratio between second and first Additional data on fish behaviour and distribution catches log (n2/nj) fluctuated about one. during the hauls were obtained with an echo sounder, Thus, as a rule, the first catch from a bream aggre­ model “Skipper-406” (50 kHz). gation greatly exceeded subsequent catches, both in fish There was no commercial trawl fishing at Votkinskoe quantity and in mean fish length. reservoir; the main fishing gears used by local fishermen The control was as follows. At first, the vessel passed were gillnets and basket traps. Bream aggregations were above a fish aggregation without trawling, and then located in the channel zone of the reservoir at a depth towed the trawl in midwater. After that, consecutive from 8 to 14 m; this channel is the navigation route for hauls were carried out. The changes of catches in the vessels on the reservoir. control (six tests) and in the experiments appeared to be Comparing results of consecutive hauls through the the same. bream aggregations, it was found that the second catch The quantity and distribution of fish, before and after (log n2) was lower than, and depended significantly hauls, were registered in a series of tows with an echo upon, the first one (log ni) (r = +0.81, p < 0.01) (Table sounder fitted on the vessel. On the basis of these data a 1; Fig. 1). No correlation was found between the second catchability coefficient (CC) was calculated: CC = n/ and third catches (log n2 and log n3), nor between the N x 100%, where n is the catch and N is the fish quantity third and fourth catches (log n3 and log n4) (r = +0.27, in the trawl path. Some patterns of catchability changes p > 0.05; r' = +0.31, p > 0.05 respectively). are shown in Figure 3. In the daytime some bream The dependence of log n2 upon log ni regarding two located close to the bottom were not recorded, so the CC in the second example (day after first haul) turned out to be more than 100% (Fig. 3). However, for the present Table 1. Average fish catches in consecutive trawl tows purposes it is not the absolute values that are of import­ through bream aggregations. ance, but the trend of their changes. No. of Average no. of fish Haul order tows caught per tow s.e. s.d. Pair series : First catch 47 118.7 16.8 107.8 Second catch 47 43.4 7.8 50.2 Long series: c First catch 13 127.4 34.3 123.7 CN c Second catch 13 57.7 23.1 73.2 CD - 0.5 - Third catch 13 45.6 14.8 53.4 O _l Fourth catch 14 40.1 12.1 36.2 - 1 .0 - Laterally shifted hauls: 8-10 m First catch 10 178.2 52.8 158.5 - 1.5 Second catch 10 71.5 27.9 83.7 0 10 20 3040 50 15-25 m Fish length (cm) First catch 19 101.0 15.7 71.8 Second catch 19 50.8 10.3 47.1 Figure 2. Change in the value of the ratio of the second catch to the first one in different size groups of bream. 13 120-1 The experiments with white tetra were performed in a tank 500 x 70 x 35 cm. Two groups, 117 and 100 fish, 100 - c 25—15 mm long, from one aquarium, were used. The CD ö 80 - first group was transferred with water from the aquarium *=0 to the tank. Fish in the second group were captured with 8 60 - >< a lift net and with a dip net. Food was used to attract fish into the lift net. In the experiment, white tetra were I 40- « captured with a 1:30 scale model of the 18 m bottom -Co ra trawl. Two series of trials in each group, consisting of O three trials (hauls) at 1.5 h intervals, were carried out at 5 day intervals between series. Food was used to aggre­ 1 2 3 gate fish in the middle of the tank for trawl fishing. Haul Rosy barb, 589 fish, 25-40 mm length, were raised in Figure 3. Change of the catchability coefficient in consecutive an aquarium 273 x 97 x 45 cm from birth and had never hauls. * - during one day; + - in the next day after the first haul; been caught before the experiment.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tropical Fish Now That You Have Set up Your Aquarium and Are Starting to Think About Adding Fish, You Have Many Choices to Choose From
    Tropical Fish Now that you have set up your aquarium and are starting to think about adding fish, you have many choices to choose from. One specific type of fish is the tropical fish, found in tropical waters all over the world and in areas near the equator. They can live in fresh water such as ponds, lakes, streams and even oceans that are salt water. In home aquariums, tropical fish are usually kept in heated fish tanks or in areas where the ambient room temperature is between 70°F - 82°F. As you make your decisions, be sure to research their compatibility, hardiness and if they are a schooling fish or not. Selecting the right fish will help ensure that you have hours of enjoyment and success. Today, many freshwater fish are captive bred either in fish farms or by hobbyists, making them readily available and easy to find. Popular freshwater tropical fish include Bettas, Guppies, Tetras, Swordtails, Platys, Barbs, Mollies and Corydoras among others. Sometimes people starting out in the aquatic hobby may not always provide their fish with ideal living conditions. Fish recommended for beginners and new aquariums must be durable and able to handle sometimes-poor water quality and stressful living conditions. The list included here are freshwater fish and will provide you with a nice assortment to consider. Cold -Water Fish The most common cold-water fish species is the goldfish but there are many other fish species that do not require a heated tank such as White Cloud Mountain Minnows, Bloodfin Tetras, and Rosy Barbs among others; where their preferred water temperature is between 64 to 72 degrees F.
    [Show full text]
  • ECOLOGY of NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES
    ECOLOGY of NORTH AMERICAN FRESHWATER FISHES Tables STEPHEN T. ROSS University of California Press Berkeley Los Angeles London © 2013 by The Regents of the University of California ISBN 978-0-520-24945-5 uucp-ross-book-color.indbcp-ross-book-color.indb 1 44/5/13/5/13 88:34:34 AAMM uucp-ross-book-color.indbcp-ross-book-color.indb 2 44/5/13/5/13 88:34:34 AAMM TABLE 1.1 Families Composing 95% of North American Freshwater Fish Species Ranked by the Number of Native Species Number Cumulative Family of species percent Cyprinidae 297 28 Percidae 186 45 Catostomidae 71 51 Poeciliidae 69 58 Ictaluridae 46 62 Goodeidae 45 66 Atherinopsidae 39 70 Salmonidae 38 74 Cyprinodontidae 35 77 Fundulidae 34 80 Centrarchidae 31 83 Cottidae 30 86 Petromyzontidae 21 88 Cichlidae 16 89 Clupeidae 10 90 Eleotridae 10 91 Acipenseridae 8 92 Osmeridae 6 92 Elassomatidae 6 93 Gobiidae 6 93 Amblyopsidae 6 94 Pimelodidae 6 94 Gasterosteidae 5 95 source: Compiled primarily from Mayden (1992), Nelson et al. (2004), and Miller and Norris (2005). uucp-ross-book-color.indbcp-ross-book-color.indb 3 44/5/13/5/13 88:34:34 AAMM TABLE 3.1 Biogeographic Relationships of Species from a Sample of Fishes from the Ouachita River, Arkansas, at the Confl uence with the Little Missouri River (Ross, pers. observ.) Origin/ Pre- Pleistocene Taxa distribution Source Highland Stoneroller, Campostoma spadiceum 2 Mayden 1987a; Blum et al. 2008; Cashner et al. 2010 Blacktail Shiner, Cyprinella venusta 3 Mayden 1987a Steelcolor Shiner, Cyprinella whipplei 1 Mayden 1987a Redfi n Shiner, Lythrurus umbratilis 4 Mayden 1987a Bigeye Shiner, Notropis boops 1 Wiley and Mayden 1985; Mayden 1987a Bullhead Minnow, Pimephales vigilax 4 Mayden 1987a Mountain Madtom, Noturus eleutherus 2a Mayden 1985, 1987a Creole Darter, Etheostoma collettei 2a Mayden 1985 Orangebelly Darter, Etheostoma radiosum 2a Page 1983; Mayden 1985, 1987a Speckled Darter, Etheostoma stigmaeum 3 Page 1983; Simon 1997 Redspot Darter, Etheostoma artesiae 3 Mayden 1985; Piller et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Morphology and Sperm Depletion in Crayfish
    WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE Reproductive morphology and sperm depletion in crayfish A Major Qualifying Project submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science by Lauren Pehnke and Aung Pyae 4/26/2012 Acknowledgements There are a number of people to whom we owe our thanks. Firstly, our advisors, Michael Buckholt, Daniel Gibson, and Lauren Mathews, without whose guidance, we would have been lost. Secondly, to the other crayfish ProjectLab groups, for helping us collect some of our specimens from the Quinebaug River in the fall. Lastly, we would like to thank the other groups working in the ProjectLab for their patience and understanding on the matters of keeping live crayfish and the odors inherent to doing so. 1 Abstract Females of the species Orconectes limosus have shown a preference for virgin males over those which had mated recently, when given the choice in prior studies. It was hypothesized that a depletion in sperm stores in the males could be an explanation for this preference. Using conventional methods such as microdissection, resin embedding, and light and electron microscopy, we attempted to show evidence of this depletion and the sperm’s deposition within the female’s spermatheca. 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 1 Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The AQUATIC DESIGN CENTRE
    The AQUATIC DESIGN CENTRE ltd 26 Zennor Road Trade Park, Balham, SW12 0PS Ph: 020 7580 6764 [email protected] PLEASE CALL TO CHECK AVAILABILITY ON DAY Complete Freshwater Livestock (2019) Livebearers Common Name In Stock Y/N Limia melanogaster Y Poecilia latipinna Dalmatian Molly Y Poecilia latipinna Silver Lyre Tail Molly Y Poecilia reticulata Male Guppy Asst Colours Y Poecilia reticulata Red Cap, Cobra, Elephant Ear Guppy Y Poecilia reticulata Female Guppy Y Poecilia sphenops Molly: Black, Canary, Silver, Marble. y Poecilia velifera Sailfin Molly Y Poecilia wingei Endler's Guppy Y Xiphophorus hellerii Swordtail: Pineapple,Red, Green, Black, Lyre Y Xiphophorus hellerii Kohaku Swordtail, Koi, HiFin Xiphophorus maculatus Platy: wagtail,blue,red, sunset, variatus Y Tetras Common Name Aphyocarax paraguayemsis White Tip Tetra Aphyocharax anisitsi Bloodfin Tetra Y Arnoldichthys spilopterus Red Eye Tetra Y Axelrodia riesei Ruby Tetra Bathyaethiops greeni Red Back Congo Tetra Y Boehlkea fredcochui Blue King Tetra Copella meinkeni Spotted Splashing Tetra Crenuchus spilurus Sailfin Characin y Gymnocorymbus ternetzi Black Widow Tetra Y Hasemania nana Silver Tipped Tetra y Hemigrammus erythrozonus Glowlight Tetra y Hemigrammus ocelifer Beacon Tetra y Hemigrammus pulcher Pretty Tetra y Hemigrammus rhodostomus Diamond Back Rummy Nose y Hemigrammus rhodostomus Rummy nose Tetra y Hemigrammus rubrostriatus Hemigrammus vorderwimkieri Platinum Tetra y Hyphessobrycon amandae Ember Tetra y Hyphessobrycon amapaensis Amapa Tetra Y Hyphessobrycon bentosi
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines for the Import of Ornamental Fishes Into India
    Guidelines for the Import of Ornamental Fishes into India 1. Preamble The global trade of ornamental fishes including accessories and fish feed is estimated to be worth more than USD 15 billion with an annual growth of 8%. Around 500 million fishes are traded annually by 145 countries, of which 80-85% are tropical species. Domestic market for ornamental fish in India is much promising. At present, the demand for quality tropical fish far exceeds the supply. The domestic market for ornamental fishes in India is estimated at Rs 20 crores and the domestic trade is at growing annual rate of 20%. Availability of considerable number of indigenous ornamental fish of high value in the country has contributed greatly for the development of ornamental fish industry in India. However there is a great demand for exotic fishes due to its variety of color, shape, appearance, etc. It has been estimated that more than 300 species of exotic variety are already present in the ornamental fish trade in India and still there is great market demand for exotic fishes. Introduction of exotic aquatic species will have some impacts like genetic contamination, disease introduction and ecological interaction with possible threat to native germ plasm. In the wake of trade liberalization under World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement, India is required to equip itself and to minimize the ecological and disease risk associated with the likely increase in species introductions. Out break of exotic disease in many cases can be traced to movement of exotic fish into new areas: examples are Koi herpes virus disease and Epizootic ulcerative syndrome.
    [Show full text]
  • Lemon Tetra, Hyphessobrycon Pulchripinnis
    LEMON TETRA, HYPHESSOBRYCON PULCHRIPINNIS Chase F Klinesteker, www.chasesfishes.net Lemon Tetra, male on left DESCRIPTION The Lemon Tetra has been in the hobby since 1937 and is a perennial favorite of many. It is colorful, peaceful, and easy to feed. Maximum size is about 2 inches. They come from the Amazon River basin in South America, Rio Tapajos, where the water is clear, soft, and slightly acid. They are quite hardy, tolerate a wide range of water parameters, and are found in the shallows in mild current with plant cover. Their color is a warm, lemon yellow with the top half of the eye a brilliant iridescent red, a sign that the fish is in good health. Full color is not shown until they are completely adult, about 8 or 9 months of age. Sexing can be difficult on younger fish, but males will have a thicker black line on the edge of the anal fin, darker color, and slightly thinner body profile. They are omnivores and eat a variety of foods, but do not usually overeat. It is a schooling and fast-moving fish that can live in the aquarium for 6 or more years. A temperature range of 70- 82 degrees is good. BREEDING Breeding the Lemon Tetra can be a bit more challenging but by no means difficult. Select healthy adults in good color with the female showing a slight plumpness. Clear soft or rainwater seems to work best with a box filter containing peat moss to add tannins. 77 to 82 degrees is best for breeding.
    [Show full text]
  • Female Mate Choice and Male Ornamentation in the Stalk-Eyed Fly, Diasemopsis Meigenii
    de la Motte & Burkhardt 1983 1 Female Mate Choice and Male Ornamentation in the Stalk-Eyed Fly, Diasemopsis meigenii James Malcolm Howie Submitted for Ph.D. University College London 2 I, James Malcolm Howie, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 3 A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S First and foremost, I would like to thank my two Ph.D. supervisors, Professor Kevin Fowler (Kevin) and Professor Andrew Pomiankowski (POM). Both have been excellent, and have pushed, and pulled, and sometimes frustrated me into shape. I have learned a lot from them, and I suspect the lessons (the ‘Kevin’ and ‘POM’ in my head) will keep on coming. Thanks guys!! Next, I would like to thank all of the members of the stalkie lab, and also, more recently, those of the Drosophila lab. The Ph.D. would not have happened without you – and that means all of you, really. Thanks! The names of you lot are (in – I hope – alphabetical order), Aaron Towlson, Alison Cotton, David Ellis, Elisabeth (Liz) Harley, Lara Meade, Lawrence Bellamy, Luke Lazarou, Nadine Chapman and Sam Cotton (as well the Drosophila guys, Filipe Ruzicka and Mark Hill). I want to also give a special thanks to Nadine Chapman, who helped me a great deal when I first arrived at this lab, and got me started and integrated. Thanks too, to David Murrel for his advice at my upgrade – it helped.
    [Show full text]
  • Mate Choice and Sexual Selection: What Have We Learned Since Darwin?
    Mate choice and sexual selection: What have we learned since Darwin? Adam G. Jones1 and Nicholas L. Ratterman Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, 3258 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 Charles Darwin laid the foundation for all modern work on sexual concerns sexual selection, but many of Darwin’s insights regard- selection in his seminal book The Descent of Man, and Selection in ing sexual selection appear in his chapters on humans. Relation to Sex. In this work, Darwin fleshed out the mechanism of Darwin’s most lasting achievement with respect to sexual sexual selection, a hypothesis that he had proposed in The Origin of selection must be his definition of the term, as it is essentially the Species. He went well beyond a simple description of the phenom- same as the one still in use today. It is difficult to find a quote enon by providing extensive evidence and considering the far-reach- from Darwin that captures the full essence of his concept of ing implications of the idea. Here we consider the contributions of sexual selection, but he provides the following definition (ref. 2; Darwin to sexual selection with a particular eye on how far we have Part I, pp 254–255): progressed in the last 150 years. We focus on 2 key questions in sexual selection. First, why does mate choice evolve at all? And second, what ‘‘We are, however, here concerned only with that kind factors determine the strength of mate choice (or intensity of sexual of selection, which I have called sexual selection. This selection) in each sex? Darwin provided partial answers to these depends on the advantage which certain individuals questions, and the progress that has been made on both of these have over other individuals of the same sex and species, topics since his time should be seen as one of the great triumphs of in exclusive relation to reproduction.’’ modern evolutionary biology.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying Fish in Aquarium
    What fish are in my aquarium? What fish are in the aquarium? What family do they belong to? How do they reproduce? What are their feeding strategies? Minnows Tetras Armored Catfish Family: Cyprinidae Family: Characidae Family: Callichthyidae Over 2000 species Over 900 species Over 130 species zebra danio black tetra leopard corydora Common Species in FL Common Species in FL Common Species in FL • Barbs • Neon tetra • Leopard corydora • Danios • Black tetra • Bronze corydora • Goldfish • Pacu • Panda corydora • Koi • Lemon tetra • Hoplo catfish • Rasboras • Mexican tetra • Tons of color variants • Freshwater sharks • Firehead tetra Reproduction: Reproduction: Reproduction: Egg layers/Broadcast spawner Egg layers/Broadcast spawner Adhesive eggs/bubble nests Feeding: Omnivore Feeding: Omnivore Feeding: Insectivore Commonly Cultured Freshwater Fish Groups Photo credit: UF-IFAS Publication Circular #54 Photos from: UF/IFAS Circular 54 Suckermouth Rainbowfishes Cichlids Catfish Family: Melanotaeniidae etc. Family: Callichthyidae Family: Loricariidae 53 species in 6 genera Over 1500 species Over 550 species banded rainbowfish zebra cichilid Common Species in FL Pleco catfish Common Species in FL Common Species in FL • Red rainbowfish • Angelfish • Discus • Common pleco • Australian rainbowfish • Oscar • Bristle-nose pleco • Boeseman’s rainbowfish • Jewel cichilid • Sailfin pleco • Neon dwarf rainbowfish zebra cichilid banded rainbowfish • Mbuna cichilid • Kribs cichilid Reproduction: Reproduction: Reproduction: Adhesive eggs/Male guards eggs
    [Show full text]
  • CTSA Project Cultivates Fish Fit for Kings
    Vol. 11 No. 2 Winter 2000 ISSN: 1053-590X The Oceanic Institute and the University of Hawaii 41-202 Kalanianaole Highway, Waimanalo, HI 96795 CTSA project cultivates fish fit for kings In old Hawaii, Pacific threadfin (Polydactylus sexfilis) could be enjoyed only by members of the Alii (royalty). Thanks in large part to efforts by a project funded by CTSA, this delicious fish (known in Hawaii as moi) is available at your neighborhood supermarkets and restaurants. The Oceanic Institute has joined with the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, the University of Hawaii, the State of Hawaii Aquaculture Development From bucket... Program, and the Anuenue Fisheries ...to buffet! Research Center to conduct the project. This type of collaborative endeavor Moi fingerlings grow out reflects CTSA’s focus on funding projects to make a delicious meal. that utilize the best scientists and facilities in the country. The project’s overall goal supports technical and economic information • Moi ($0.14/each) - end of April, July, development and expansion of the Pacific needed to establish farms and evaluate the Oct. 2000, and the end of Jan. 2001 threadfin and milkfish industries in profitability of operations. • Awa ($0.02/each) - during July, Aug., Hawaii. The initial focus was on Although Pacific threadfin are Sept., and Oct. 2000 conducting seed production and growout considered a high-quality product, many To request fingerlings, submit a letter research, and providing farm production consumers in both local and export of intent, together with a brief description support. These efforts supplied the markets are not familiar with the fish. The of the type of system in which the fish project addressed this problem by will be cultured, no later than one month providing fish to media events and food prior to the fish distribution date.
    [Show full text]
  • Setting up a Tropical Aquarium
    Setting up a tropical aquarium Approved by For more information: www.tetra.net For more information: www.tetra.net 2 Contents A well cared for aquarium Planning your aquarium 4-5 provides the perfect focal point Choosing to any room, as well as being your aquarium 6-7 both fascinating and relaxing. Aquarium equipment 8-11 With Tetra´s range of high quality Decorating the and simple-to-use products, it has aquarium 12-15 never been easier to create an attractive underwater Getting started 16-17 display. Stocking your new aquarium 18-19 For more than 50 years Tetra has been the global Choosing and leader for aquarium products, committed to making introducing fish 20-21 aquarium ownership easy and enjoyable through Types of fish 22-25 continual innovation and unrivalled customer support. Feeding your fish 26-27 Every Tetra product has been subject to rigorous testing by our independently accredited Research & Development laboratories - the largest of their kind in the world, to ensure they keep your fish and aquarium in top condition. 3 Planning your aquarium Before purchasing your aquarium, it is important to think about what you want from it, and where you are going to place it. Taking a few moments to do this will avoid problems later on, and make setting up your new aquarium easier. Types of aquarium Before going ahead and choosing an Size aquarium, it is a good idea to think The size of the aquarium will not about what sort of fish you want only determine how many fish to keep.
    [Show full text]
  • Ornamental Fish Culture © 2012 Cengage Learning
    Ornamental Fish Culture © 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Florida Aquaculture Ornamental Fish Produced by the Division of Aquaculture - 2017 Where do aquarium fish come from? Some are collected Some are from from the wild… farms… Where do aquarium fish come from? Most freshwater Most saltwater ornamentals are ornamentals are sustainable not sustainable Do you have a freshwater aquarium at home? If you do, odds are you the fish in your tank were produced by an aquaculture farm in Florida! Where does the U.S. import fish from? 88% from SE 2% from Asia Africa/Europe 6% from South Pacific 4% from Central and South America Photo credit: Andrew Rhyne, Roger Williams University Photo credit: Andrew Rhyne Florida’s Ornamental Industry Florida is by far the biggest ornamental producer in the nation! • 127 farms in Florida (2013) – 45% of U.S. industry! • 2013 sales in Florida = $ 27 million • 95% of ornamentals produced in U.S. come from Florida • ~500 varieties of freshwater fish produced Why Florida? Freeze Line • Warm climate ideal for tropical fish • Proximity to ports and airports Most farms are in Hillsborough, Polk • Local infrastructure – feed/supplies and Dade counties Minnows Tetras Armored Catfish Family: Cyprinidae Family: Characidae Family: Callichthyidae Over 2000 species Over 900 species Over 130 species zebra danio black tetra leopard corydora Common Species in FL Common Species in FL Common Species in FL • Barbs
    [Show full text]