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Unermüdlicher Kämpfer Für Frieden Und Menschenrechte Beiträge Zur Politischen Wissenschaft Band 97

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Unermüdlicher Kämpfer Für Frieden Und Menschenrechte Beiträge Zur Politischen Wissenschaft Band 97 LOTHAR MERTENS Unermüdlicher Kämpfer für Frieden und Menschenrechte Beiträge zur Politischen Wissenschaft Band 97 Foto: Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford KURT R. GROSSMANN Unermüdlicher Kämpfer für Frieden und Menschenrechte Leben und Wirken von Kurt R. Grossmann Von Lothar Mertens Duncker & Humblot · Berlin Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CW-Einheitsaufnahme Mertens, Lothar: Unermüdlicher Kämpfer für Frieden und Menschenrechte: Leben und Wirken von Kurt R. Grossmann I von Lothar Mertens. - Berlin : Duncker und Humblot, 1997 (Beiträge zur politischen Wissenschaft; Bd. 97) Zug!.: Potsdarn, Univ., Diss., 1996 ISBN 3-428-08914-6 AlJe Rechte vorbehalten © 1997 Duncker & Humblot GmbH, Berlin Fotoprint: Color-Druck Dorfi GmbH, Berlin Printed in Germany ISSN 0582-0421 ISBN 3-428-08914-6 Gedruckt auf alterungsbeständigem (säurefreiem) Papier entsprechend ISO 9706 S Vorwort Die vorliegende Darstellung kann aufgrund der nur sehr lückenhaften und mosaikartigen Quellenüberlieferung nur einen skizzenhaften Überblick über Leben und Wirken des Pazifisten Kurt Richard Grossmann (1897-1972) geben. Sie versucht, mit Sympathie fiir den Menschen und mit Respekt vor seiner Le- bensleistung, dessen persönliches Verhalten aber nicht unkritisch betrachtend, seinen Lebens- und Berufsweg in Deutschland, der Tschechoslowakei, Frank- reich und den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika nachzuzeichnen. Die Biogra- phie will dabei möglichst viele Facetten der Persönlichkeit von Kurt R. Gross- mann erfassen, auch wenn infolge fehlender Archivalien nicht alle Teile so um- fangreich und detailliert präsentiert werden können, wie es wünschenswert ge- wesen wäre. Geschehnisse, die Kurt Grossmann selbst in seinen Publikationen ausfiihrIich beschrieben hat, wie z.B. sein Verhältnis zu earl von Ossietzky, werden in dieser Lebensdarstellung nicht noch einmal wiederholt. Die beiden jeweils zweimonatigen Archivaufenthalte in den USA wurden durch Reise- kostenbeihilfen des German Marshall Fund (Hoover Institution, Stanford) und der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (Leo Baeck Institute, New York) er- möglicht. Beiden Institutionen sei nochmals fiir ihre wohlwollende Förderung herzlich gedankt. Für ihre freundliche Hilfe und engagierte Unterstützung darf ich folgenden Archivaren und Bibliothekaren meinen besonderen Dank aussprechen: Frau Leadenham, Frau Wheeler (Hoover Institution Stanford), Herrn Feifel (Deut- sches Literaturarchiv Marbach), Frau Hahn-Passera, Frau Hahner (Deutsches ExilarchivIDeutsche Bibliothek FrankfurtlM.), Herrn Hepp (Kurt Tucholsky- Forschungsstelle, Universität Oldenburg), Frau Kurt (Schweizerische Landes- bibliothek, Bem), Frau Ijzermans (Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Ge- schiedenis, Amsterdam), und last but not least Dr. Frank Mecklenburg (Archiv Leo-Baeck-Intitute, New York), der mich nicht nur mit zahlreichen Hinweisen unterstützte, sondern auch jederzeit bereit war, Fragen zu klären. Interessante Hintergründe, wertvolle Hinweise und ergänzende Bestätigungen meiner archi- valischen Kenntnisse erhielt ich durch vier langjährige Freunde Grossmanns, die jeder rur sich neue, unbekannte Facetten beleuchten konnten und aus ihrer subjektiven Kenntnis der Person und seines Wirken in den unterschiedlichen Lebensabschnitten manchen komplexen Zusammenhang einzuordnen und dif- ferenzierter zu betrachten halfen. Für diese offene und bereitwillige Gesprächs- bereitschaft habe ich Günter Nelke und Prof. Dr. Herbert A. Strauss sowie den 6 Vorwort inzwischen leider verstorbenen Zeitzeugen Dr. Robert Kempner und Henry Marx sehr herzlich zu danken. Für zahlreiche interessante und sachdienliche Diskussionen während der wochenlangen Archivarbeiten darf ich mich außer- dem bei Prof. Dr. Marion Kaplan (Queens College, New York) und Prof. Dr. Nonnan Naimark (Stanford University) sowie bei Sabine Gries und Claudia Killmann (beide Ruhr-Universität Bochum) bedanken. Die vorliegende Monographie ist die überarbeitete Fassung einer Disserta- tionsschrift, die von der Philosophischen Fakultät I der Universität Potsdam im Januar 1996 angenommen wurde. Den Gutachtern Prof. Dr. Karl E. Grözinger (Potsdam) und Prof. Joachim H. Knoll (Bochum) danke ich filr ihre konstrukti- ven Hinweise. Dem Erstgutachter, Herrn Prof. Dr. Julius H. Schoeps, danke ich nicht nur filr seine wohlwollende Bereitschaft diese Arbeit zu betreuen, son- dern auch für seine vielfliltige Unterstützung meiner Forschungen zu jüdischen Themen in den vergangenen Jahren. Widmen möchte ich diese Untersuchung Prof. Dr. Dieter Voigt zum 60. Geburtstag, zumal auch seine eigene Biographie gleichfalls vom uner- schütterlichen Kampf gegen ein Unrechtsregime geprägt ist. Für seine jahre- lange Ennutigung und fachliche Unterstützung bin ich ihm zu Dank verpflich- tet, insbesondere da meine historischen Forschungsinteressen und wissenschaft- lichen Arbeitsgebiete nicht immer "marktgängig" erschienen und oftmals auch außerhalb der Schwerpunkte seines Arbeitsbereiches an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum lagen; dennoch hat er mich immer wohlwollend unterstützt. Lothar Mertens Inhalt 1. Einleitung ............................................................................................ 15 2. Zur Person ........................................................................................... 19 2.1 Die Persönlichkeit ............................................................................... 28 2.2 Geburtstage/Ehrungen ......................................................................... 43 2.3 Sparsamkeit und Sammelleidenschaft ................................................. 51 2.4 Defizite und Schwächen ...................................................................... 54 2.5 Verhältnis zum Sohn Walter ............................................................... 57 3. Deutsche Liga für Menschenrechte ..................................................... 63 3.1 Ausbürgerung ...................................................................................... 80 3.2 Ablehnung der Rückberufung ............................................................. 86 3.3 Paketaktion .......................................................................................... 91 3.4 Meinungsumschwung und lose Kontakte ........................................... 96 4. Die Prager Jahre .................................................................................. 99 4.1 Die Initiativen für eine Haftentlassung earl von Ossietzkys ............ 114 4.2 Kritik an der Flucht aus Prag ............................................................ 118 5. Pariser Zeit ........................................................................................ 121 5.1 Dissonanzen mit den Pariser "Freunden" ......................................... 122 5.2 Hilfsversuche aus den USA .............................................................. 133 6. Immigration in die USA .................................................................... 137 6.1 Hilfe für die Familie der Schwester .................................................. 141 7. Neubeginn in den Vereinigten Staaten .............................................. 14 7 7.1 Erste politische Aktivitäten in den USA ........................................... 160 7.2 Interesse und Einmischung in die US-Innenpolitik .......................... 179 7.3 Erneut verdächtigt - die McCarthy-Ära ............................................ 181 8. Die Identifikationskrise des WJc. ..................................................... 185 8.1 Das Ende der Tätigkeit beim WJC .................................................... 192 8.2 Erneute Arbeitslosigkeit - der Wechsel vom» World Jewish Congress« zur »Jewish Agency« ...................................................... 198 8.3 Abschied im Zorn - die ungewollte Pensionierung ........................... 202 9. Aufenthalte in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland .............................. 207 9.1 Vortragsreisen durch die Bundesrepublik Deutschland .................... 215 8 Inhalt 10. Die Diskussion um den Verbleib der Juden in Deutschland ............ 225 11. Sein individueller Einsatz rur die Wiedergutmachung .................... 231 11.1 Joachim Lipschitz ............................................................................ 240 11.2 Kontakte zur SPD ............................................................................ 245 11.3 Bekanntschaft und Kontakte zu Willy Brandt ................................. 247 11.4 Engagement gegen die Berliner Mauer ............................................ 257 11.5 Rechtskandidaten ............................................................................. 259 12. Wirken rur die deutsch-jüdische Aussöhnung ................................. 263 12.1 Die Holthusen-Affiire ....................................................................... 263 12.2 Unbewältigte Vergangenheit ............................................................ 267 13. Unbesungene Helden ....................................................................... 269 14. Die Kontakte zum »Rheinischen Merkur« und die Angst der Linken .............................................................................................. 273 15. Resümee ........................................................................................... 278 Literatur ........................................................................................... 281 Personenregister ............................................................................... 299 Anlagen ...........................................................................................
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