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Space Vector Modulated Hybrid Series Active Filter for Harmonic Compensation

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Space Vector Modulated Hybrid Series Active Filter for Harmonic Compensation space vector modulated Hybrid Series Active Filter for Harmonic Compensation Sushree Diptimayee Swain∗, Pravat Kumar Ray† and Kanungo Barada Mohanty‡ Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Rourkela-769 008, India ∗[email protected] †[email protected] ‡[email protected] Abstract—This paper deals with the implementation of Hy- nomenon between the PPFs and source impedance. But the brid Series Active Power Filter (HSAPF) for compensation of usage of only APFs is a very costly solution because it needs harmonic voltage and current using Space Vector Pulse Width comparatively very large power converter ratings. Considering Modulation (SVPWM) technique. The Hybrid control approach based Synchronous Reference Frame(SRF) method is used to the merits of PPFs and APFs, Hybrid Active Power Filters are generate the appropriate reference voltages for HSAPF to com- designed HAPFs [9], [10] are very much efficient for reactive pensate reactive power. This HSAPF uses PI control to the outer power and harmonic compensation. The design of HAPFs are DC-link voltage control loop and SVPWM to the inner voltage based on cutting-edge power electronics technology, which control loop. The switching pattern for the switching of the includes power conversion circuits, semiconductor devices, inverter of series active power filter in HSAPF is generated using SVPWM technique. The proposed HSAPF is verified through analog/digital signal processing, voltage/current sensors and MATLAB Simulink version R2010 for SRF control strategy and control theory. In active and hybrid power filters, a number of SVPWM technique. The simulated results verified that for both control strategies such as Hysteresis [11], [12], sliding mode SRF-SVPWM based HSAPF and Synchronous Reference Frame control techniques [13], [14] carrier based control [15] tech- with Carrier Based Pulse Width Modulation (SRF-CBPWM) niques are used to regulate the current and voltage generated based HSAPF shows that the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of source current for steady state as well as dynamic condition by the voltage source inverter. But in all the previous cases of non-linear load follows the IEEE Std.519-1992. frequency is variable. Hence, there may be difficulty in the Index Terms—Hybrid series active power filter, harmonic design as well as in the control of noise level. PWM control producing non-linear load, Carrier Based Pulse Width Modu- technique can eliminate these problems. Earlier numerous lation(CBPWM), Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) techniques have already been investigated, among them SVPWM [16], [17] is most dynamic I. INTRODUCTION and energetic because of its reliability, robustness, simplicity In recent years, huge usage of power electronic devices both in hardware and software and also its performance is such as thyristors, diodes, rectifiers, lighting equipments, un- awesome with small modulation ratio. But the SVPWM is interruptible power supplies (UPS), arc furnaces etc. creates very critical when the no. of levels of PWMVSI increases and large scale of harmonics in power systems. These harmonics also it is very complicated in some steps of switching pattern cause many unwanted effects on Power Quality (PQ) such generation. SVPWM depends on CBPWM (carrier based as undesirable computer network failures, premature motor PWM) for achieving better performance. The objective of burnouts, humming in telecommunication lines, excessive this paper is to investigate the detailed study of SVPWM, the heating in rotating machines, interference with communication difference between SRF-SVPWM and SRF-CBPWM.In order circuits, harmonics resonances in the utility and transformer to obtain a better control and better performance, a simple and overheating etc. are few examples of poor power quality in efficient control scheme is required. That’s why SRF-CBPWM power system. Traditionally Passive Power Filters (PPFs) [1], and SRF-SVPWM both used as control algorithm for reference [2], [3] are used to reduce harmonics, but PPFs are unable generation process. The α − β transformation is applied to to filter out the harmonics in transient condition. The major the control scheme design and aims to generate the reference drawbacks of PPFs are heavy in weight, large in size, bulky, voltage directly in α − β reference frame. fixed compensation and resonance phenomena. Recently, some The paper is organised as follows, the circuit topology Active Power Filters [4], [5], [6], [7], [8] are widely used for three phase HSAPF is described in section-II, section-III for the compensation of harmonics in power systems. The depicts the control algorithm for Series Active part of hybrid function of active power filter is, to inject harmonic current filter, section-IV disclose the controller design for HSAPF or voltage into the power system with magnitudes same as using SVPWM, section-V explains the simulation results for the harmonic current or voltage produced by a nonlinear harmonic compensation using HSAPF. Section-VI concludes load, but with 180deg phase shift. These APFs are require the paper. a controlled voltage source inverter for producing a reference 1 compensating voltage or current. Active Power Filters (APFs) [2] are capable of damping out the harmonic resonance phe- 1978-1-4673-6540-6/15/$31.00 2015 IEEE Vs Ls R By inverse transformation one can obtain the distorted or har- CLL monic components of the load voltages after the compensation Vs Ls RL of shunt passive power filter. V s L s LL ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ V cosθ sin θ L ah V ⎣ V ⎦ = ⎣ cos(θ − 2Π ) sin(θ − 2Π ) ⎦ d (6) L bh 3 3 Lc 2Π 2Π Vq VL ch cos(θ + 3 ) sin(θ + 3 ) Lc Lf C Cc dc C L f c Therefore, the three phase source currents ,I sa ,I sb,I sc , are Cc transformed into rotating reference frame as: Cc ⎡ ⎤ I 2 2Π 2Π sa Fig. 1. Hybrid series active filter with 2 types of nonlinear loads I d cosθ cos(θ − 3 ) cos(θ + 3 ) ⎦ = 2Π 2Π ⎣ I sb I q 3 sin θ sin(θ − 3 ) sin(θ + 3 ) I sc (7) II. CIRCUIT TOPOLOGY FOR THREE PHASE HYBRID The obtained currents I d and I q have both DC and AC SERIES ACTIVE POWER FILTER (HSAPF) components. The circuit diagram includes a series active filter and I d = I d + I d (8) shunt connected passive power filter[1]. The active filter is connected in series with the source and non-linear load through I q = I q + I q (9) a matching transformer of turn ratio 1 : 1 and the passive If the dq-components of current are low pass filtered and again power filter is connected in parallel with the non-linear load. subtracted from the original components, one can obtains the The PPF includes a third order, fifth order tuned harmonic total harmonic content and the DC-components are eliminated. filters for the harmonic compensation of current on load side. Using inverse transformation, harmonic components of source One converter is connected in series in each phase through current can be obtained as : a matching transformer with a turn ratio equal to 1 : 1. ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ I cosθ sin θ This transformer is required for isolation purposes. The DC sah I ⎣ I ⎦ ⎣ cos(θ − 2Π ) sin(θ − 2Π ) ⎦ d (10) side capacitor is common for all three converters. A PWM sbh = 3 3 I 2Π 2Π I q control block is designed so that the AC output voltage of sch cos(θ + 3 ) sin(θ + 3 ) the converters follows the references that are calculated by The generation of reference compensating signal using the the control block based on the hybrid control approach based combined load voltage and source current detection scheme is synchronous reference frame method. shown in Fig. 2. From fig.2, the error between the reference and the actual DC-link voltage of DC-link capacitor of three III. SYNCHRONOUS REFERENCE FRAME METHODFOR phase PWM inverter fed from the ac system is first passed ACTIVE FILTER DESIGN through a PI controller and then it is subtracted from the In this method three phase measured load voltages are trans- oscillatory component in d-axis. Since the extra fundamental formed from stationary reference frame to rotating reference components are added to harmonic components respectively. frame with fundamental frequency as: Thus the reference compensating voltages are also expressed ⎡ ⎤ as: ⎫ 2 cosθ cos(θ − 2Π ) cos(θ + 2Π ) VL a ∗ = K I − V + ∆ V Vd 3 3 ⎣ ⎦ Vca sah L ah caf ⎬ = 2Π 2Π VL b ∗ Vq 3 sin θ sin(θ − 3 ) sin(θ + 3 ) Vcb = K I sbh − VL bh + ∆ Vcbf (11) VL c ∗ ⎭ (1) Vcc = K I sch − VL bh + ∆ Vccf A Phase Locked Loop (PLL) tracks the phase angle of the IV. CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR HSAPF USING SVPWM source voltage, which is necessary for transformation. The TECHNIQUE obtained voltages can be divided into average and oscillating The Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) is components. generally used as voltage controller to control the IGBT V = V + V (2) d d d switches of HSAPF. It consists of six IGBT switches (s1-s6). Vq = Vq + Vq (3) Depending upon different switching combination, PWMVSI produce different outputs. This SVPWM is different from Where , VL a ,VL b,VL c , are load voltages, which are distorted other PWM methods, because it produces a vector as a or asymmetrical in nature. If the dq-components are Low reference so SVPWM is better than other PWM methods. Pass Filtered (LPF) and this LPFs output is subtracted from Reference vector is nothing but the reference compensating original, the DC-components are eliminated and one can get voltage generated by SRF method in αβ-plane. The ON-OFF the total harmonic contents. position of switch is based on the presence of reference voltage vector on αβ-plane. The switches 1,3,5 are the upper switches Vd = Vd − Vd (4) and switches 2,4,6 are lower switches of PWMVSI.
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