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Su Cultivo Y Perspectivas En La República Dominicana El material consignado en esta publicación puede ser reproducido por cualquier medio, siempre y cuando no se altere su contenido. La Agencia de Cooperación Internacional del Japón (JICA) agradece a los usuarios incluir el crédito correspondiente en los documentos y actividades en los que se utilice. Cita correcta: Andújar, F.; Moya, J. 2009. La pimienta (Piper nigrum L.): su cultivo y perspectivas en la República Dominicana. Agencia Internacional de Cooperación Internacional del Japón (JICA). Santo Domingo, DO. 136 p. AGRIS: F01 Descriptores: Piper nigrum; Cultivo; Clima; Propagación de las Plantas; Manejo del Cultivo; Plantas Madres; Sustratosde Cultivo; Plancton de Vivero; Aplicación de Abonos; Poda; Plagas de Las Plantas; Enfermedades de Las Plantas; Cosecha; Secado; Mercadeo; República Dominicana. ISBN: 978-9945-448-09-2 Revisión: José Miguel Méndez Carlos Céspedes Maquetación y diseño: Edward Fulcar Francis Santos Diseño de portada: Francis Santos Fotografías: Feliciano Andujar Juan de Dios Moya Fotografía de portada: edward fm LA PIMIENTA (Piper nigrum L.) Su cultivo y perspectivas en la República Dominicana Feliciano A. Andújar Amarante Juan de Dios Moya Franco CONTENIDO CONTENIDO PREÁMBULO. 9 1. INTRODUCCIÓN . .11 1.1 Importancia de la pimienta . 11 1.2 Historia del cultivo. 12 1.3 Antecedentes del cultivo en la República Dominicana . .13 1.4 Situación actual sobre área, producción y productores en la República Dominicana . .15 2. LA PLANTA DE PIMIENTA . 16 2.2 Historia y origen de la planta . .17 2.3 Descripción botánica . .17 2.4 Condiciones de clima y suelo . 22 2.5 Variedades de pimienta cultivadas . 22 2.6 Desarrollo del cultivo en la República Dominicana . .24 2.6.1 Aspectos generales . 24 2.6.2 Aspectos fitosanitarios . .26 2.6.3 Multiplicación de plantas . .27 3. MANEJO AGRONÓMICO DEL CULTIVO DE LA PIMIENTA . .29 3.2. Condiciones apropiadas para el cultivo . 29 3.2.1. Clima . 29 3.2.2. Topografía . 30 3.2.3. Suelo . 31 3.2.4. Drenaje . 33 3.3. Zonificación del cultivo . 33 3.4. Selección de terrenos . 34 3.5. Preparación de suelos . .35 3.5.1. Suelos planos . .36 3.5.2. Suelos con pendiente pronunciada . 37 3.6. Siembra y preparación de tutores . 38 3.6.1. Marco de siembra . .43 3.6.2. Época de siembra . 43 3.6.3. Trazado . .45 3.6.4. Preparación y manejo de tutores, siembra . 46 3.7. Propagación de plantas . 47 3.7.1. Métodos de propagación . .48 3.8. Selección de plantas madres, manejo de esquejes y de enraizadores . 50 5 La Pimienta: Su cultivo y perspectivas en la República Dominicana 3.8.1 Plantas madres en maceta pequeña . .51 3.8.2. Plantas madres en macetas grandes . 52 3.8.3. Manejo de esquejes . .53 3.8.4. Preparación de sustratos y enraizadores . .56 3.9. Manejo de plantas en vivero . .57 3.10 Siembra de plantas . .59 3.10.1. Construcción de hoyos y fertilización básica . .59 3.10.2. Fertilización . .59 3.10.3. Siembra (métodos de siembra) . 60 3.10.4. Colocación de sombra temporal . ..61 3.10.5. Resiembra . 61 3.11. Manejo del cultivo . 61 3.11.1. Manejo del cultivo durante el primer año . .61 3.11.2. Manejo del cultivo después del primer año . .61 3.12. Plagas y enfermedades de la pimienta . 74 3.12.1. Generalidades . 74 3.12.2. Manejo de plagas y enfermedades . 75 3.13. Buenas prácticas agrícolas . 94 3.14. Cosecha . 95 3.14.1. Características de los frutos para la cosecha . 95 3.14.2. Inspección en campo . 96 3.14.3. Cosecha . 96 4. POST-COSECHA . 99 4.2. Descripción general de la post-cosecha . 99 4.3. Transporte de la pimienta de la finca al beneficiado . 99 4.4. Desgrane . 99 4.5. Opciones del beneficiado . 100 4.5.1. Pimienta verde . 100 4.5.2. Pimienta negra . 100 4.5.3. Pimienta blanca . 100 4.5.4 Pimienta roja . 101 4.6. Procedimientos para producir los diferentes tipos de pimienta . 101 4.6.1. Para producir pimienta verde . 101 4.6.2. Para producir pimienta negra . .101 4.6.3. Para producir pimienta blanca . 103 4.7. Secado de la pimienta . .104 4.8. Limpieza de la pimienta . ..
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