DOCSLIB.ORG

ART. XXX.— Miṣr in the Fifteenth Century

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ART. XXX.— Miṣr in the Fifteenth Century 791 ART. XXX. — Minr in the Fifteenth Century. By A. R. GUEST and E. T. RICHMOND. IN speaking of Misr, it is in the first place necessary to define exactly what it is meant to include, as the name has been used at different periods with different meanings. Misr here denotes the southern half of the Arab capital of Egypt, as opposed to the northern one. For its application to this part of Cairo we have the authority of El Maqrizi, but it must be borne in mind that this author does not always adhere to his own definition, and frequently uses Misr in a limited sense also. In order to avoid confusion the town to which the name Misr in this restricted sense is given will here be distinguished as Fustat. The boundaries of Misr are: east and west, El Muqattam and the Nile; south, a line the exact direction of which will be enquired into hereafter, but which may be now- stated as about the parallel of Dair et Tin; north, the main road running from the citadel to meet the Khali j near the mosque of Saiyidah Zainab. The area within these boundaries includes all the earlier sites of the capital, the sites of everything, that is, which was built before the advent of the Fatimites. It can hardly be doubted that this area is the most hopeful field that exists for the exploration of the antiquities of the early Islamic period. Although it is now mostly desert, at one time or another practically the whole of it has been occupied by either dwellings or tombs, and it is the early date of the abandonment of many of its sites that renders them particularly interesting. The remains of former occupation are, in many places, at once visible in mounds or traces of houses showing above ground, but there must be much more now buried of which the systematic examination could hardly fail to yield results, of the greatest value to the study of early Arab civilization. J.E.A.S. 1903. 51 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. INSEAD, on 12 Oct 2018 at 10:40:25, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00031154 792 HISR IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY. In such a land of antiquities as Egypt the claims of earlier antiquity seem to have prevented Misr from receiving the attention which it merits. No part of it appears yet to have been regularly explored. It is to be hoped that its scientific exploration will be undertaken before its most valuable remains disappear at the hands of the antiquity digger and the carrier of sib&kh. As a preliminary, the most accurate information which is obtainable from written records relative to topography is obviously desirable. Although something has been done to make the references of the mediaeval native authors on Misr intelligible, and to locate the position of former sites, there still seems room for improvement in this direction. It is the object of this paper to endeavour to reproduce the plan of Misr as it formerly was, in a little more detail than has been done hitherto, and, in order to avoid confusion, the enquiry will be as closely as possible confined to what was in existence in about the year 800 A.H., the beginning of the fifteenth century of our era, at which time the two principal authors on the subject whose works are generally available wrote their books. These are El Maqrizi and Sarim ed Din ibn Duqmaq. The Khitat of the former and El Intisar of the latter, both printed at Bulaq, the one in 1270 A.H., the other 1309 A.H., will be cited as Maq. and S.D. respectively; Napoleon's " Description de l'Egypte, Etat Moderne," planches, tome i, which has also been extensively used, will be cited as Descr. with the number of the plate, as Descr. xvi. In the first place, a list may be given of the positions that can be fixed with certainty, including those of one or two buildings that date from after our period, but which are useful as marks. This list contains the name of every place within the limits of Misr which is of the period, and which it has been found possible to locate directly. Although some of these are not of much use for the present purpose, it may Tbe useful to make it as complete as practicable. The dates given are approximate. Nearly all the buildings mentioned still exist, but many have been restored or rebuilt. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. INSEAD, on 12 Oct 2018 at 10:40:25, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00031154 MISE IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 793 SQUARE „ EARLIEST DATE m MAP. NAME- A.D. E 8 (1) Er Kumailah 13th cent. Descr. xxvi, sect, ii, 228. ,, (2) Salibat ibn Tulun before 14th cent. Descr. xxvi, sect, i, 122. ,, (3) El Madrasat es Surghut- mishiyah ' 1356 „ (4) Bir el Watawit 966 Descr. xxvi, sect, ii, 148. „ (5) Khangah and Jami'Shaikhu 1356 Descr. xxvi, sect, ii, 121. ,, (6) Jami'el Baqli 1268 Descr. xxvi, sect, ii, 49. ,, (7) Turbat ghajar ed Durr and Satan el Khulafa 1258 Eap. Com. Cons. Mon. Art. Arabe, Fasc. ii, p. 21; Fasc. xvii, p. 112. .„ (8) Mashhad es Saiyidah Kaqi- yah mentioned by Descr. xxvi, sect, ii, 90. Maq. .,, (9) MadihadesSaiyidahSaMnah ,, Descr. xxvi, sect, ii, 97. ,,, (10) Mashhad es Saiyidah 'Ayishah ? Descr. xxvi, sect, ii, 37. D 8 (11) Madrasat el Jawali ... 1324 ,, (ll«)ElKabsh before 14th cent. Descr. xxvi, sect, ii, 167. ,, (12) Qanatir es Siba' circ. 1260 Descr. xxvi, sect, iii, 160. C 8 (13) (Qasr el'Aini) prob. circ. 1450 Descr. xvi. ,, (14) Kanlsat Mari Mina or Bumina ancient, i.e. prob. before 640 F 9 (15) Masjid el Juyushi («) ... 1105 „ (16) Khangah Qausun 1330 Descr. xxvi, sect, ii, 2. E 9 (17) Bab el Qarafah before 14th cent. Descr. xxvi, sect, ii, 15. ,, (18) El Madrasat el Ashrafiyah circ. 1290 Descr. xxvi, sect, ii, 85. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. INSEAD, on 12 Oct 2018 at 10:40:25, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00031154 794 MISR IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY. EARLIEST DATE NAME. IN MAP- A.D. E 9 (19) Mashhad es Saiyidah Kafisah 824 Descr. xxvi, sect, ii, 81. D 9 (20) Mashhad Zain el 'Abidin 740 Descr. xv, "Zennou F 10 (21) Qubbat el Imam esh Shan't 818 (22) Turbat es Sadat eth Tha'alibah 1213 „ (23) Turbat el Laith ibn Sa'd 1243 (?792) D 10 (24) Zawiyat Abl Sa'M ... 1517 Descr. xv. C 10 (25) Jami' 'Amr 641 Descr. xvi. ,, (26) Masjid es Sirwaidi 'before 15thcent. Rap. Com. Cons. Mon. Art. Arabe, Fasc. xviii, p. 14 L B 10 (27) ElMiqyasandRaudah... 862 F 11 (28) Turbat'Uqbah ibn'Amir 678 C 11 (29) Qasr esh Sham' before 641 Descr. xvi. Containing:— (a) Kanisat el 'Adra (b) KanisatelMu'allaqah (c) Kanlsat Barbarah (d) Kantsat Mar Jirjis (e) Kanisat Bu Sarjah (/) A Jewish Synagogue v. Butler's " Ancient ,, (30) DairBa.bla.yun ancient Coptic Churches." „ (31) Dair Yuhanna „ „ (32) DairTadrus „ C 12 (33) DairMika'il „ „ (34) Ribat Athar en NabS ... circ. 1300 Descr. xv. C 13 (35) Dair et Tin ancient Descr. xv. F 14 (36) Basatin el Wazir circ. 1000 Descr. xv. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. INSEAD, on 12 Oct 2018 at 10:40:25, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0035869X00031154 MISR IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTTJEY. 795 To this list a few may be added whose derivation, though not absolutely direct, does not seem to leave room for much error :— E 8 (37) El Qubaibat contained Jami' el Baqli before mentioned.1 E 9 (37«) Et Turbat el KMtuniyah and Turbat TJmm Sallh, 1284 A.D. = Tombeau Fatma KMtun, v. Com. Cons. Mon. Art. Arabe, Ease, xviii, p. 110, and cf. S.D. iv, 125, 1. 3; Maq. ii, 394, 1. 26. D 10 (38) Kaum el Jarih was the site of Zawiyat Ab! Sa'M before mentioned, v. Ibn Iyas, Bada'i, iii, 75, 1. 25. (39) Kanisat Abu Shanudah (or Kana'is) is the same as Dair AM Saifain, which contains a church dedicated to Shanudah. (40) Jami' el KharruM is marked in Descr. xvi, 20, but there were three mosques of this name in the vicinity, and it is impossible to be certain which one this is, especially as Maq. has confused his own references. It is probably Jami' Badr ed Din el Kharrubi.2 (41) Er Eab' el Kartmi follows, according to the Eapports of the Comite, from the position of Masjid es Suwaidi, v. ante. C 11 (42) Kaum ibn Ghurab. The mound seems to have dis- appeared, but we still find Shari' Kaum ibn Ghurab, which is doubtless close to its site. El Madabigh, now the name of a station on the Hulwan railway, seems not to be the same site as the El Madabigh mentioned by 8.D., although the latter was not far off. (43) Esh Sharaf,3 a rocky knoll near the mosque of Zain el 'Abidtn. This seems to be the place marked. We will leave Qantarat es Sadd and Dar en Nuhas for discussion a little further on, as their position is a little more doubtful; and now commencing at the north-west angle of Misr we will proceed to sketch in from description.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume IV - C
    Cambridge University Press 0521414113 - The New Cambridge Medieval History, Volume IV - c. 1024-c. 1198 Edited by David Luscombe and Jonathan Riley-Smith Index More information INDEX Aachen, 77, 396, 401, 402, 404, 405 Abul-Barakat al-Jarjara, 695, 700 Aaron, bishop of Cologne, 280 Acerra, counts of, 473 ‘Abbadids, kingdom of Seville, 157 Acre ‘Abbas ibn Tamim, 718 11th century, 702, 704, 705 ‘Abbasids 12th century Baghdad, 675, 685, 686, 687, 689, 702 1104 Latin conquest, 647 break-up of empire, 678, 680 1191 siege, 522, 663 and Byzantium, 696 and Ayyubids, 749 caliphate, before First Crusade, 1 fall to crusaders, 708 dynasty, 675, 677 fall to Saladin, 662, 663 response to Fatimid empire, 685–9 Fatimids, 728 abbeys, see monasteries and kingdom of Jerusalem, 654, 662, 664, abbots, 13, 530 667, 668, 669 ‘Abd Allah al-Ziri, king of Granada, 156, 169–70, Pisans, 664 180, 181, 183 trade, 727 ‘Abd al-Majid, 715 13th century, 749 ‘Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar, 155, 158, 160, 163, 165 Adalasia of Sicily, 648 ‘Abd al-Mu’min, 487 Adalbero, bishop of Wurzburg,¨ 57 ‘Abd al-Rahman (Shanjul), 155, 156 Adalbero of Laon, 146, 151 ‘Abd al-Rahman III, 156, 159 Adalbert, archbishop of Mainz, 70, 71, 384–5, ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Ilyas, 682 388, 400, 413, 414 Abelard of Conversano, 109, 110, 111, 115 Adalbert, bishop of Prague, 277, 279, 284, 288, Aberconwy, 599 312 Aberdeen, 590 Adalbert, bishop of Wolin, 283 Abergavenny, 205 Adalbert, king of Italy, 135 Abernethy agreement, 205 Adalgar, chancellor, 77 Aberteifi, 600 Adam of Bremen, 295 Abingdon, 201, 558 Adam of
    [Show full text]
  • The Third Crusade
    Zurich Model United Nations THE THIRD CRUSADE Joint Cabinet Crisis – ZuMUN 2018 APRIL 19, 2018 ZUMUN 2018 DIRECTED BY – SULTAN KAZI Visit us at www.zumun.ch, [email protected] or find us on facebook.com/ZurichMUN Post address: Zurich Model United Nations, c/o VSETH, Universitätstrasse 6, 8092 Zurich ZuMUN is a project of ETH MUN, commission of , in collaboration with MUN UZH 1 / 19 Zurich Model United Nations INTRODUCTION Welcome to the Crisis delegates! We have prepared a challenging yet fun experience for all of you this year set in one of the most iconic time periods of history, the Third Crusade! The mighty rulers of Europe are leading their armies into the Middle East to conquer the holy city of Jerusalem in the name of Christendom once more. Salah-ad Din looks set to mount a formidable defence whilst the Byzantines engage in a conflict against the forces of Emperor Barbarossa and the Seljuk Turks. Alliances between the four factions (cabinets) seem to be able to switch very dynamically ensuring that this weekend is guaranteed to have everyone thinking on their feet! This guide includes not only history and context of the topic but also a brief beginners guide to crisis. We all look forward to seeing you all at ZUMUN 2018! 2 / 19 Zurich Model United Nations SECTION 1 - A BEGINNER'S GUIDE TO A JOINT CABINET CRISIS What is a crisis committee? Crisis, in the context of MUN, is a simulation of issues, events or regions of the world. Joint Cabinet Crises (JCC): Delegates represent individual people with their own interests ra- ther than countries.
    [Show full text]
  • ISLAMICJERUSALEM in the EYES of SALAH AL-DIN: Rr a CRITICAL ANALYTICAL STUDY of the LIBATION of the CITY from the CRUSADERS
    Ek III: Tarablisi Vib isimli gayrimüslimin, gelirini Kudüs'te Deyr-i um'd oturan Journal of Islamicjerusalem Studies, 2019, 19(1): 65-80 Rum rahiplerine vakfettiği iki evin, vakıf mütevellisi tarafından Efrenc Katolik DOI: 10.31456/beytulmakdis.573678 rahiplerine satıldığından bahisle satılan iki evin satışının iptal edilerek geri alınmaları hususunda hüküm. (BOA, A. DVNS. AHK. ŞM. d. nr. 8, s. 28, Evâhir-i ISLAMICJERUSALEM IN THE EYES OF SALAH AL-DIN: Muharre 251). A CRITICAL ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE LIBATION OF THE CITY FROM THE CRUSADERS Maher Y. ABU-MUNSHAR* ABSTRACT: Nearly a century after the brutal, and unforgiving, Crusader conquest of Islamicjerusalem, Sultan Salah al-Din succeeded in 1187CE in liberating the city. This seemingly insurmountable feat was accomplished when Salah al-Din succeeded in unifying the diverse racial, ethnic and denominational Muslims into a single, coherent fighting force - under his capable leadership. Consequently, this paper explores the nature of Salah al-Din's headship and the precise strategies he used in team-building, team-management that proved essential in his bid to restore the holy city to the Muslims. Moreover, this paper will examine the striking magnanimity Salah al-Din displayed towards the Christians, and others, in Islamicjerusalem – including their holy sanctuaries. KEYWORDS: Bayt al-Maqdis, Balian of Ibelin, Hittin, Dome of the Rock, the Holy Sepulchre, Palestine. INTRODUCTION Salah al-Din or Yusuf Ibn Ayyub was born in 532 AH /1137 CE in the town of Takrit, in modern Iraq (Reston, 2001: 4). Up until that date, Islamicjerusalem was already under the rule of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem for nearly 38 years since 1099 CE (Maalouf, 2006:50).
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of the Arab Conquest on Late Roman Settlementin Egypt
    Pýý.ý577 THE IMPACT OF THE ARAB CONQUEST ON LATE ROMAN SETTLEMENTIN EGYPT VOLUME I: TEXT UNIVERSITY LIBRARY CAMBRIDGE This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Cambridge, March 2002 ALISON GASCOIGNE DARWIN COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE For my parents with love and thanks Abstract The Impact of the Arab Conquest on Late Roman Settlement in Egypt Alison Gascoigne, Darwin College The Arab conquest of Egypt in 642 AD affected the development of Egyptian towns in various ways. The actual military struggle, the subsequent settling of Arab tribes and changes in administration are discussed in chapter 1, with reference to specific sites and using local archaeological sequences. Chapter 2 assesseswhether our understanding of the archaeological record of the seventh century is detailed enough to allow the accurate dating of settlement changes. The site of Zawyet al-Sultan in Middle Egypt was apparently abandoned and partly burned around the time of the Arab conquest. Analysis of surface remains at this site confirmed the difficulty of accurately dating this event on the basis of current information. Chapters3 and 4 analysethe effect of two mechanismsof Arab colonisation on Egyptian towns. First, an investigation of the occupationby soldiers of threatened frontier towns (ribats) is based on the site of Tinnis. Examination of the archaeological remains indicates a significant expansion of Tinnis in the eighth and ninth centuries, which is confirmed by references in the historical sources to building programmes funded by the central government. Second, the practice of murtaba ` al- jund, the seasonal exploitation of the town and its hinterland for the grazing of animals by specific tribal groups is examined with reference to Kharibta in the western Delta.
    [Show full text]
  • Resources for the Study of Islamic Architecture Historical Section
    RESOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE HISTORICAL SECTION Prepared by: Sabri Jarrar András Riedlmayer Jeffrey B. Spurr © 1994 AGA KHAN PROGRAM FOR ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE RESOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE HISTORICAL SECTION BIBLIOGRAPHIC COMPONENT Historical Section, Bibliographic Component Reference Books BASIC REFERENCE TOOLS FOR THE HISTORY OF ISLAMIC ART AND ARCHITECTURE This list covers bibliographies, periodical indexes and other basic research tools; also included is a selection of monographs and surveys of architecture, with an emphasis on recent and well-illustrated works published after 1980. For an annotated guide to the most important such works published prior to that date, see Terry Allen, Islamic Architecture: An Introductory Bibliography. Cambridge, Mass., 1979 (available in photocopy from the Aga Khan Program at Harvard). For more comprehensive listings, see Creswell's Bibliography and its supplements, as well as the following subject bibliographies. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND PERIODICAL INDEXES Creswell, K. A. C. A Bibliography of the Architecture, Arts, and Crafts of Islam to 1st Jan. 1960 Cairo, 1961; reprt. 1978. /the largest and most comprehensive compilation of books and articles on all aspects of Islamic art and architecture (except numismatics- for titles on Islamic coins and medals see: L.A. Mayer, Bibliography of Moslem Numismatics and the periodical Numismatic Literature). Intelligently organized; incl. detailed annotations, e.g. listing buildings and objects illustrated in each of the works cited. Supplements: [1st]: 1961-1972 (Cairo, 1973); [2nd]: 1972-1980, with omissions from previous years (Cairo, 1984)./ Islamic Architecture: An Introductory Bibliography, ed. Terry Allen. Cambridge, Mass., 1979. /a selective and intelligently organized general overview of the literature to that date, with detailed and often critical annotations./ Index Islamicus 1665-1905, ed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Churches and Monasteries of Egypt and Some Neighbouring Countries, by Abu-Salih the Armenian
    UHRJWY Y-A- SlUtrnta (Bxffjiwnsta THE Churches and Monasteries of Egypt AND Some Neighbouring Countries ATTRIBUTED TO ABU SALIH, THE ARMENIAN EDITED ANDt TRANSLATED BY B. T. A. EVETTS, M.A. TRINITY COLLEGE, OXFORD WITH ADDED NOTES BY ALFRED J. BUTLER, M.A, ES.A FELLOW OF BRASEN'OSE COLLEGE, OXFORD xfotlr AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1895 Bonbon HENRY FROWDE Oxford University Tress Warehouse Amen Corner, E.C. MACMIU.AN & CO., 66 FIFTH AVENUE CONTENTS ~**~ PAGE Preface . v-viii Introduction ix-xxv English Translation 1-304 Appendix 305-346 Indexes : I. Index of Churches and Monasteries in Egypt . 347-352 II. Supplementary Geographical Index 353-358 III. Index of Personal Names 359-373 IV. Index of General Names 374-382 Arabic Text i-ifr a 2 [IJ. 7] PREFACE. The History attributed to Abu Salih the Armenian is here edited for the first time, by the kind permission of the Minister of Public Instruction and of the Administrator of the National Library in Paris, from the unique MS. purchased by Vansleb in Egypt in the seven- teenth century, and now preserved in that Institution. The present edition is based upon a copy made by the editor from the original, which he afterwards had the advantage of comparing with another copy most liberally placed at his disposal by M. l'Abbe Hyvernat, together with the results of a collation by Professor Ignazio Guidi. To these eminent scholars, therefore, the editor begs to express his deepest gratitude. Professor Margoliouth has also had the goodness to look through both the copy of the text and the translation, and to elucidate many points of difficulty.
    [Show full text]
  • Ahlesunnah Library ( Nmusba.Wordpress.Com ) Like Alexander Or Caesar, the Name of Saladin Carries a Timeless Quality
    AhleSunnah Library ( nmusba.wordpress.com ) Like Alexander or Caesar, the name of Saladin carries a timeless quality. As famous today as he was when he drove the Crusaders out of Jerusalem, the historical Saladin has dissolved into legend with each generation's retelling of his story. Dante placed him in the first circle of Hell with the heroes of Troy and Rome; Rex Harrison played him as a cad in the film King Richard and the Crusaders. In Youssef Chahine's epic film Saladin, he emerged as a hero of Arab socialism, and he has even made an appearance in an episode of Dr Who. Today, Saladin's name continues to resonate with Osama bin Laden, Saddam Hussein and Colonel Gaddafi all, at one stage, claiming to be his military and spiritual heir. But who was the real Saladin? To answer this question, A. R. Azzam argues, it is essential to appreciate the age Saladin lived in. The Islamic world had been completely transformed by the Sunni Revival in the 10th and 11th centuries, the great intellectual renaissance, which integrated the different strands of Islamic thought under one orthodox umbrella. Saladin was a child of the Sunni Revival and the movement was key to his extraordinary success - as it is to any consideration of the background of today's Middle East. In that sense, Saladin's true greatness, Azzam contends, lay not on the battlefield, as has commonly been accepted, but in his spiritual and political vision. An honest and guileless leader, Saladin baffled his enemies by refusing to play their political games and succeeded in uniting an army from all parts of the Muslim world.
    [Show full text]
  • Building in Cairo Building Over Cairo I IN
    Building In Cairo Building Over Cairo I IN U Jim - K- By Hassan Abouseda. Bachelor of Science in Architectural Design Massachusetts Insititute of Technology Cambridge, 1983. Submitted to the Department of Architecture in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Master of Architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology - June 1987 C Hassan Abouseda 1987. The author hereby grants to M.I.T. permission to reproduce and to distribute copies of this thesis document in whole or in part Signature of auth Hassan Abouseda Department of Architecture February 17, 1987 Certified by Maurice K. Smith Professor of Architecture Thesis Supervisor Accepted by r I Julian Beinart hdut e Chairman, Departmental Committee for duaeStulet MASSAMMUSErrS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOOGY JUN 08 1987 LIBRARIES This thesis has evolved through three years of learning from Maurice Smith. His consistent encouragement/criticism and insight have lent clarification to my unformed notions of architecture. The cross-cultural nature of this thesis suggests the universal applicability of Maurice's architecture design principles, which will continue to intrigue and inspire my future work. It is with gratitiude and affection that I regard Maurice's wit and committment to teaching/learning. I also thank: Mary Meagher, Gabriel Berriz, Kim Sammis. Nina Kim, Greta Jones. Jane Gitlin, Karen Swett. This thesis is dedicated to Laila Erfan and Roushdy Abouseda and, of course, to Aida. II 00 Building In Cairo, Building Over Cairo. by: Hassan Abouseda. Sumbitted to the Department of Architecture on February 17, 1987 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture.
    [Show full text]
  • The Renovation of the Churches of Cairo in the Fatimid and Early Ayyubid Periods According to Abu Al-Makarim’S Churches and Monasteries of Egypt
    ECA 9 (2012-2013), p. 27-52; doi: 10.2143 / ECA.9.0.3044821 The Renovation of the Churches of Cairo in the Fatimid and Early Ayyubid Periods according to Abu al-Makarim’s Churches and Monasteries of Egypt Mat IMMERZEEL INTRODUCTION with the one in Paris: in combination, these two parts constitute a priceless topographical and his- It must have been not long after 1118 that Abu torical encyclopaedia of medieval Christian Egypt. al-Fadl Ibn al-Usquf died1. He was the right man To draw awareness to the scholarly interest of in the right place, and probably also at the right this unique account, the present study highlights a time. Born as the son of Bishop Yuhanna of Atrib, predominant topic in Abu al-Makarim’s writings: this powerful Christian scribe served two Fatimid the involvement of the Christian elite in the erec- viziers. As a prominent notable (sheikh or archon) tion and refurbishment of churches and monaster- of the Coptic community in Greater Cairo, he ies from the late eleventh century to the late twelfth acted as the perfect intermediary between the civic century. authorities and the lay and ecclesiastical leaders of the community, as well as being a diligent con- THE CHURCHES AND MONASTERIES OF EGYPT tributor to the building and renovation of churches. One of the sanctuaries he constructed was the When Evetts and Butler published the CME in Church of the Virgin in Deir al-Khandaq, a mon- 1895, they never suspected that the manuscript astery to the north of the Fatimid centre of power, they had studied told only part of the story.
    [Show full text]
  • Cairo a Configuration of Urban Themes and Patterns
    STREETS OF ISLAMIC CAIRO A CONFIGURATION OF URBAN THEMES AND PATTERNS BY NEZAR M, AL-~AYYAD BACHELOR OF ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING 1977 DIPLOMA OF HIGHER STUDIES IN TOWN PLANNING 1979 CAIRO UNIVERSITY, CAIRO EGYPT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ARCHITECTURE STUDIES MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. MAY 1981 ©NEZAR AL-SAYYAD THE AUTHOR HEREBY GRANTS TO M.I.T. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND TO DISTRIBUTE PUBLICLY COPIES OF THIS THESIS DOCUMENT IN WHOLE OR IN PART, SIGNATURE OF AUTHOR NEZAR AL-SAYYAD, DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE MAY, 1981 CERTIFIED BY .- .. ...,-__ . ... -..-_ _ PROFESSOR WILLIAM PORTER, DEAN OF THE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING THETIS SUPERVISOR ACCEPTED BY PR ESSOR JULI ENART, CHAIRMAN OF THE \\dARTMENTAL C MITTEE FOR GRADUATE STUDIES MASSACHUMTS INSTITUTF OF TECI-!OLGY - MAY 2 8 1981 LIBBARIES ~pL STREETS OF ISLAMIC CAIRO A Configuration of Urban Themes and Patterns by NEZAR AL-SAYYAD Submitted to the Department of Architecture on May 8, 1981, in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Architecture Studies ABSTRACT This study presents a closer look at a Muslim-built environment. It examines streets as one of the major structuring elements in a city. It traces the history and the physical development of three major streets in Medieval Cairo within the overall structure of the city at the end of each ruling dynasty. The hypothesis presented in this study is that streets in a Muslim city (Cairo) possessed some common themes and patterns that created for them a characteristic structure.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses The poet `Um©ara al-Yamanl `Alwash, Jawd A. How to cite: `Alwash, Jawd A. (1967) The poet `Um©ara al-Yamanl, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8079/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Tho Poot MJmara al-Yamani 1. Abu Muhammad ^Uiriar^ ibn VAii was born in tho Yomen in 515/1121, He studied jurisprudence at Zabid (531-535 A.H.) thon ho taught Shafi*i Jurisprudence there. TThilo on pilgrimage to Mecca in 538/Li^5 ho mot tho Quoen al-Hurra of Zabid and beoaino ono of hor close frionds. Ko began trading bott^oen Adon and Zabid in 533 A.II. , and became rich, famous, and a friend of Ibn Saba* (tho Dali of Aden), his Vizier BiJal b.
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Crusades. Episode 42 Egypt, Part 3. Hello Again. Last Week We Saw King Amalric and Nur Ad-Din's Kurdish Command
    History of the Crusades. Episode 42 Egypt, Part 3. Hello again. Last week we saw King Amalric and Nur ad-Din’s Kurdish commander Shirkuh face off once again in the country of Egypt, but they really needn't have bothered. After a lengthy military campaign, they returned home with the situation in Egypt unchanged. To reward his commanders, and perhaps keep their minds and interests on affairs closer to home, Nur ad-Din gave Shirkuh the governance of the city of Homs, while granting lands around Aleppo to Saladin. Then they all settled into their new roles, content that Egypt was off the action list for the foreseeable future. However, back in the kingdom of Jerusalem, the item “invade Egypt and take control of it” was still firmly on King Amalric’s list of things to do. King Amalric had left a Latin Christian garrison behind in Cairo to keep an eye on the Egyptian vizier Shawar, and to ensure the annual tribute was sent back to the Holy Land. The first installment of the tribute was now overdue, and it was clear that Shawar was having trouble collecting it. The citizens of Cairo were increasingly resentful of the foreign garrison and weren't too keen on seeing a large portion of their taxes leave Egypt for Latin Christian coffers. Shawar’s position and authority in Egypt was becoming more precarious by the day. Rumours also reached King Amalric that Shawar's son was openly negotiating with Shirkuh, and was seeking the hand of Saladin’s sister in marriage.
    [Show full text]