COVID-19 IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOZAMBIQUE (MANICA, SOFALA, TETE AND ZAMBEZIA)
ROUND 2 NOVEMBER 2020
DTM MOZAMBIQUE
1 COVID-19 IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOZAMBIQUE
ABOUT THIS REPORT
With this report, IOM's Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) assesses the impact of COVID-19 and the following restrictive measures imposed by the government on the communities living in four provinces (Manica, Sofala, Tete and Zambezia) of central Mozambique. This report gives a comprehensive picture on the status of public awareness, healthcare provision, access to services, movement restrictions and the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment and businesses across central Mozambique. The report is separated into two sections, based on the data collection methodologies employed: the first based on Key Informant interviews, and the second based on household-level surveys.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
DTM activities in Mozambique, including the COVID-19 impact assessment and report have been produced with the generous contribution of the following funding partners: the European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid and the U.S. Agency for International Development.
© 2020 International Organization for Migration (IOM)
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the International Organization for Migration (IOM).
All the maps used in this report are for illustration purposes only. Names and boundaries on these maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IOM
Cover photo: IOM Covid19 prevention women mobile brigade in Bandua 1 Resettlement site in Buzi District. © IOM Mozambique/28 May 2020 2 COVID-19 IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOZAMBIQUE
Table of Contents
Introduction 4
Section 1: Baseline assessment
Methodology 6
Key Findings 7
Section 1A: Public awareness 8
Section 1B: Impact on access to services 9
Section 1C: Mobility restrictions 10
Section 1D: Impact on vulnerable groups 11
Section 1E: Returnees from abroad 12
Section 1F: Impact on livelihoods and post-pandemic needs 13
Section 2: Household survey
Methodology 6
Key Findings 7
Section A1: Public awareness 8
Section A2: Impact on access to services 9
Section A3: Mobility restrictions 10
Section A4: Impact on vulnerable groups 11
Section A5: Returnees from abroad 12
Section A6: Impact on livelihoods and post-pandemic needs 13 COVID-19 IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOZAMBIQUE
Introduction
The outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in a global pandemic, heightening the risk to vulnerable populations, internally displaced people, and people on the move. On 22 March 2020, the Government of Mozambique officially declared the first positive COVID-19 case. Concern about the potential spread of COVID-19 in Mozambique was elevated in late March 2020, when according to Mozambique’s National Migration Service (SENAMI) over 14,000 Mozambican migrants returned from South Africa over the Ressano Garcia border within a span of a few days, as South Africa declared lock-down due to COVID-19, further heightening the risk to vulnerable populations especially the internally displaced population.
As of 12 January 2021, Mozambique reported 21,361 positive COVID-19 cases including cases in every province.
Findings from this assessment develop a comprehensive picture on the status of healthcare services, public awareness levels, access to services, movement restrictions and the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic across four provinces (Manica, Sofala, Tete and Zambezia) in central Mozambique.
IOM Teaching correct handwashing techniques at Samora Machel accomodation centre /Jan 2021 COVID-19 IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOZAMBIQUE
COVERAGE MAP SHOWING CENTRAL REGION POPULATION
Mualadze Nsadzu Chifunde Angonia Ulongue Malowera Furancungo Macanga Domue Chiputu Chidzolomondo Ntengo-Wa-Mbalame Muze Chifunde Zambue Maravia Tsangano Lioma Zumbu Tsangano Manje Fingoe Tete Kazula Gurue Chipera Nauela Zumbu Chiuta Gurue Mepuagiua Songo Zobue Alto Molocue Alto Ligonha Molumbo Regone Cahora Bassa Molumbo Socone Chinthopo Mphende Namarroi Alto Molocue Magoe Chitima Marara Gile Mukumbura Moatize Namarroi Ile Marara Kambulatsisi Muabanama Ile Milange Gile Chintholo Cidade De Tete Majaua Mulevala Moatize Milange Lugela Mulevala Chipembere Mongue Tacuane Lugela Munhamade Naburi Mandie Doa Changara Doa Mugeba Zambezia Nhamassonge Chire Pebane Nhacafula Nhacolo Mocubela Luenha Namanjavira Mualama Guro Tambara Nhamayabue Mocubela Pebane Chiramba Chemba Morrumbala Mocuba Mungari Derre Mocuba Nante Bajone Chemba Derre Guro Bazua Mutarara Morrumbala Maganja Da Costa Mulima Charre Megaza Nicoadala Maganja Canxixe Inhangoma Namacurra Sena Namacurra Nhampassa Murraça Nicoadala Macuze Maringue Nhamagua Macossa Caia Maringue Mopeia Mopeia Campo Maquival Macossa Caia Maquival Barue Inhassunge Choa Luabo Subwe Inhamitanga Chupanga Inhassunge Catandica Luabo Micaune Nguawala Vanduzi Marromeu Chinde Nhamadze Mavonde Cheringoma Marromeu Chinde Vanduzi Gorongosa Inhaminga Manica Vanduzi Gorongosa MuanzaSofala Machipanda Messica Matsinho Cafumpe Amatongas Muanza Population by administrative post Chimoio Gondola Nhamatanda Galinha 2018 population census Muoha Macate Nhamatanda Dondo Rotanda Macate Inchope Tica Dondo (Source: Humanitarian Data Exchange) Sussundenga Sussundenga Buzi Cidade Da Beira 6,077 - 39,543 Dombe Cidade Da Beira Manica Goonda Buzi 39,544 - 72,189 Chibabava Estaquinha 72,190 - 122,471 Dacata Chibabava Sofala Espungabera Muxungue 122,472 - 217,968 Mossurize Divinhe Chiurairue 217,969 - 300,000 Chitobe Machanga Machaze Machanga 300,001 - 410,000 0 295 590 1,180 km Save 410,001 - 499,576
14,224,547 4 60 158 individuals provinces districts postos (2018 census) assessed assessed assessed
IOM awareness session on the correct use of masks, and distribution of masks to pregnant women / Oct 52020 COVID-19 IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOZAMBIQUE
SECTION 1: BASELINE ASSESSMENT
Methodology
The data for this COVID-19 impact assessment report was collected between 10 and 27 November 2020. The information was collected at the posto level and covers 158 postos across four provinces (Manica, Sofala, Tete and Zambezia) in central Mozambique, in coordination with the Institution for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction (INGD). The remaining seven postos (representing 4% of the total postos) were not assessed due to the postos' administrator's unwillingness to participate in the interview. Data was collected through IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix team, composed of 21 staff members deployed (8 team leaders and 13 enumerators), and 45 INGD staff members. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews with Key Informants (KIs). The key informants are asked questions that aim to assess the impact of COVID-19 across the postos, and their answers are not based on their opinions, unless specifically mentioned.
The aim of the assessment is to develop a comprehensive picture of the status of healthcare services, public awareness levels, access to services, movement restrictions and the overall impact of the pandemic across four provinces of central
Table 1: Number of postos assessed by province Province No. of postos assessed Manica 38 Sofala 32 Tete 38 Zambezia 50 To t a l 158
IOM mobile brigade COVID-19 screening at Bandua resettlement site /Oct 2020 COVID-19 IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOZAMBIQUE
SECTION 1: BASELINE ASSESSMENT
KEY FINDINGS
SECTION 1A: Public awareness 99% 15% of the assessed postos received information about the of the KIs believe that someone in their community COVID-19 pandemic and personal hygiene measures might hide their status, if diagnosed with COVID-19, for fear of stigma SECTION 1B: Impact on access to services 13% 42%
of the assessed postos with waste disposal service of the KIs referred that there have been price experienced disruptions in the service provision increases in their area during the COVID-19 crisis SECTION 1C: Mobility restrictions 48% 44%
of the KIs reported that most of the population of the KIs reported that checkpoints and patrols are (around 75%) stays at homes during curfew in place in most of the areas in their posto SECTION 1D: Impact on vulnerable groups 39% 84% of the KIs reported that some groups are more affected of the KIs reported that these vulnerable groups due to their vulnerabilities by mobility restrictions did not receive some sort of assistance SECTION 1E: Returnees from abroad 16% 4% of the assessed postos have returnees from abroad of the KIs reported that there have been negative reactions in their posto to returnees from abroad SECTION 1F: Impact on livelihoods and post-pandemic needs 16% 78%
of the postos reported that most of the businesses of the KIs mentioned the resumption of education will not be able to reopen at the end of the pandemic as a top priority needs at the end of the pandemic
7 COVID-19 IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOZAMBIQUE
SECTION 1A: Public awareness
The results from the assessment show that public KIs added that, as a common practice in their posto, awareness about the COVID-19 pandemic appears people will have to self-isolate if they are diagnosed to be strong across all four provinces with campaigns with COVID-19. On the other hand, 41 per cent of through leaflets, posters or announcements about the the KIs reported that people will be put in quarantine COVID-19 pandemic and personal hygiene measures in a hotel or other designated structure. that have been conducted in almost all postos (156 out of 158, 99%). The main actors involved in the campaigns were: non-medical authorities (65% of KIs reported that the most common public health and the postos), NGOs or UN agencies (55%), medical social measures implemented in their posto include personnel (54%), media (11%), social media (3%) or the following: recommending the use of masks (in 94% other actors (38%). of the postos), installation of additional hand-washing stations (78%), enforcing social distancing (67%), disinfection of common spaces (50%), cancellation As a result, 98 per cent of the KIs believe that the of mass gatherings (49%), additional distribution of information received has been adequate and the soap/disinfectant to households (47%), individual population in their respective postos is aware of health screening of newly arrived internally displaced COVID-19 symptoms and prevention measures. persons (IDPs) (37%), and isolation of suspected cases in separated facilities (28%). In the event of suspected COVID-19 case in the KI's family, the vast majority (92%, up from 84% in the Finally, it is noticeable that while the majority disagrees, previous round) would seek medical attention in a 15 per cent (compared to 22% in the previous round) public primary health center or hospital, and 12 per of KIs believe that someone in their community might cent of KIs would call the dedicated hot-line and hide their status, if diagnosed with COVID-19, for fear follow instructions. Moreover, 68 per cent of the of stigma.
Pandemic related mitigation measures enacted in sites Additional distribution of soap or disinfectants Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand total
26% 37% 48% 47% 50% 50% 52% 53% 63% 74%
No Yes Enforcement of physical distancing Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand total
13% 18% 33% 47% 46% 53% 54% 67% 88% 82%
No Yes Cancellation of mass gatherings Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand total
34% 34% 42% 42% 49% 51% 58% 58% 66% 66%
No Yes
8 COVID-19 IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOZAMBIQUE
SECTION 1B: Impact on access to services
Findings from the assessment show that, excluding (74% of postos) and personal hygiene products (26%) schools, access to services has been minimally have been reported as the most affected items of impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and the following these phenomena. restrictive measures imposed by the authorities. Water and electricity provision, where available, were Markets, pharmacies, supermarkets, banks, transpor- minimally affected. KIs reported that waste disposal tation and government services continue to operate services were operating at a reduced frequency in 13 normally or with reduced hours/limited capacity in a per cent of postos, while no such servces operate in clear majority of postos. On the other hand, in most 26 per cent of postos. The reduction in service was of the postos, schools have been closed or continue most acute in Zambezia, with 30 per cent citing a with remote learning (9% and 82% respectively). reduced service. Similarly, Zambezia and Sofala contain the highest number of postos reporting a reduced service for desludging of septic systems (22% and 16% KIs in 42 per cent of the postos (down from 52% in respectively). However, many postos in Zambezia and the previous round) reported that there have been Tete have no such services (50% and 57% respectively). price increases, which were associated with product shortages also in 17 per cent of the cases. Additionally, 13 per cent of the KIs reported product shortages, without price increases in their posto. Food items
Delivery of services as a result of curfew due to COVID-19, by province
Desludging of septic systems Electricity
100% 100% 3% 3% 9% 19% 18% 14% 3% 4% 80% 34% 80% 3% 10% 50% 16% 58%
60% 13% 60%
95% 100% 97% 87% 40% 8% 22% 40% 79% 76% 66% 53% 20% 20% 34% 28%
0% 0% Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand Total Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand Total
As usual Less than usual No such service As usual Less than usual No such service
Water Garbage/waste disposal
100% 100% 5% 5% 6% 5% 14% 4% 8% 3% 16% 26% 4% 80% 80% 42% 38%
13% 60% 60% 8% 100% 95% 89% 91% 89% 30% 40% 82% 40% 84% 61% 50% 20% 20% 32%
0% 0% Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand Total Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand Total
As usual Less than usual No such service As usual Less than usual No such service
9 COVID-19 IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOZAMBIQUE
SECTION 1C: Mobility restrictions
According to 48 per cent of the KIs (down from 75% place in their posto, compared with 5 per cent in the in the previous round), more than 75 per cent of the previous round. Zambezia had the highest percentage population in their posto stays at home during curfew of postos with no such controls or checkpoints (38%). time. For 20 per cent of the KIs, the share of the population who stays at home during curfew is around half, while 24 per cent of the KIs reported that less KIs from 46 per cent of the postos reported that fines than a quarter of the population in their posto stays and punishments were not used for people breaking at home during curfew. the rules of the curfew (up from 37% in the previous round). This is particularly evident in Zambezia as reported by 68 per cent of the KIs from that province. Forty-four per cent of the KIs, compared with 55 per cent in the previous round, reported that checkpoints, controls and patrols to monitor the respect of the rules Other restrictions reported by KIs in their posto were of COVID-19 restrictions are currently happening in the following: use of face masks (in 93% of the postos), most of the areas of their posto. On the other hand, prohibition of mass gatherings (86%), enforcement of 16 per cent of the KIs referred that no control was in social distancing (74%), and curfew (43%).
Mualadze Nsadzu Ulongue Macanga Domue Malowera Chifunde Angonia Chidzolomondo Ntengo-Wa-Mbalame Furancungo Muze Chiputu Chifunde Zambue Maravia Tsangano Lioma Zumbu Fingoe Tsangano Gurue Nauela ChiperaTete Gurue Zumbu Manje Kazula Molumbo Alto Molocue Mepuagiua Songo Zobue Chiuta Molumbo Regone Alto Ligonha Chitima Socone Chinthopo Magoe Alto Molocue Mphende Marara Moatize Namarroi Mukumbura Namarroi Gile Cahora Bassa Marara Kambulatsisi Muabanama Ile Moatize Cidade De Tete Lugela Mulevala Gile Chintholo Majaua Milange Ile Lugela Mulevala Milange Tacuane Chipembere Mongue Munhamade Mandie Naburi Changara Doa Mugeba Pebane Nhamassonge Zambezia Nhacolo Doa Chire Mualama Luenha Nhacafula Chemba Namanjavira Mocuba Mocubela Guro Pebane Chiramba Nhamayabue Mocuba Mungari Tambara Morrumbala Derre Mocubela Chemba Bazua Charre Bajone Guro Morrumbala Derre Nicoadala Nante Mulima Maganja Manica Megaza Namacurra Canxixe Sena Inhangoma Maganja Da Costa Nhampassa Mopeia Nicoadala Macuze Murraça Nhamagua Macossa Namacurra Maringue Mopeia Campo Maquival Caia Caia Macossa Maringue Inhassunge Maquival Choa Barue Marromeu Gonhane Subwe Inhamitanga Chupanga Catandica Inhassunge Luabo Nguawala Micaune Vanduzi GorongosaCheringoma Nhamadze Chinde Mavonde Inhaminga Marromeu Chinde Manica Vanduzi Gorongosa Machipanda Vanduzi Matsinho Sofala Manica Cafumpe Gondola Muanza Muanza Messica Amatongas Galinha Zembe Nhamatanda
Muoha Macate Nhamatanda Tica Mafambisse Rotanda Inchope Dondo Sussundenga Dondo Sussundenga Cidade Da Beira Buzi Dombe Cidade Da Beira
Goonda Buzi Estaquinha Sofala Are there checkpoints controls or patrols Mossurize Dacata Chibabava Espungabera Chibabava set up in the street to prevent and control Muxungue trac movements Chiurairue Divinhe Chitobe Machanga Machanga No Machaze yes, in a few areas Save yes, in most areas Not assessed
10 COVID-19 IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOZAMBIQUE
SECTION 1D: Impact on vulnerable groups
KIs in 39 per cent of the postos (compared with 33% livelihoods. The largest difference was in Sofala (76% in the previous round) felt that some groups were of postos with more vulnerable groups experiencing more affected by COVID-19 restrictions in their job losses, versus 17% in postos where all groups postos. Positive responses to this question were were affected to the same degree. On the other much greater in Manica and Sofala (47% and 53% hand, the presence of vulnerable groups correlated respectively). Shopkeepers, young people, elderly with reduced access to services, and to difficulties in people, and persons with disabilities were the most meeting food needs (apart from in Tete). mentioned categories. Among the postos that reported some groups KIs reported different consequences and severity as more vulnerable to the impacts of COVID-19 of the impact of COVID-19 restrictions, depending related restrictions, only 13 per cent reported that on whether they had previously stated that some these groups received some sort of assistance (and groups were more affected. The graphs below give no postos in Zambezie reported the reception of an indication on how the aforementioned vulnerable assistance). The actors who provided assistance, as groups have been more affected by loss of jobs or mentioned by KIs, were the local authorities.
Loss of jobs or livelihood
76% 77% 77% 71%
56% 47% 48% 43% 40%
17%
Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand total
Everyone affected the same Vulnerable groups more affected Reduced access to services 74%
55% 57% 52%
38% 38% 33% 25% 17% 12%
Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand total
Everyone affected the same Vulnerable groups more affected Impossibility to meet food needs 83%
55% 47% 44% 45%
32% 31% 28%
18% 15%
Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand total
Everyone affected the same Vulnerable groups more affected
11 COVID-19 IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOZAMBIQUE
SECTION 1E: Returnees from abroad
As mentioned earlier, due to COVID-19 restrictions with Zimbabwe and South Africa (the latter being imposed in neighbouring countries, many returnees mentioned as the country of residence by 88 per cent came back to Mozambique in the past few months. of the KIs reporting the presence of returnees in their posto). Overall, 16 per cent of the KIs reported that there are returnees from abroad in their posto, compared to 32 Only 4 per cent per cent of the postos reported per cent in the previous round. Most of the southern that the arrival of returnees has provoked negative postos were more affected by this phenomenon (with reactions from the community because of the risk of 26% of postos in Manica, and 31% in Sofala noting spreading the virus (down from 46% in the previous returns), likely due to their proximity with the borders round).
Were there negative reactions from the community to returnees from abroad?
100% 5% 4% 13%
80%
60%
100% 100% 96% 88% 40%
20%
0% Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand Total No Yes
Mualadze Nsadzu Angonia Ulongue Malowera Chifunde Macanga Domue Chidzolomondo FurancungoNtengo-Wa-Mbalame Muze Chiputu Chifunde Zambue Maravia Tsangano Lioma Zumbu Fingoe Tsangano Gurue Chipera Gurue Nauela Zumbu Manje Kazula Molumbo Alto Molocue Songo Mepuagiua Tete Chiuta Zobue Molumbo Regone Alto Ligonha Magoe Chitima Socone Chinthopo Mphende Marara Moatize Namarroi Alto Molocue Mukumbura Namarroi Gile Cahora Bassa Marara Kambulatsisi Zambezia Muabanama Ile Moatize Lugela Gile Chintholo Cidade De Tete Majaua Milange Ile Mulevala Lugela Tacuane Mulevala Chipembere MongueMilange Munhamade Mandie Naburi Doa Mugeba Pebane ChangaraNhamassonge Nhacolo Doa Chire Mualama Luenha Nhacafula Chemba NamanjaviraMocuba Mocubela Guro Pebane Chiramba Nhamayabue Mocuba Mungari Tambara Morrumbala Derre Mocubela Chemba Bazua Bajone Guro Charre MorrumbalaDerre Nicoadala Nante Mulima Maganja Megaza Namacurra Maganja Da Costa Canxixe SenaInhangoma Nicoadala Nhampassa Mopeia Macuze Murraça Nhamagua Macossa Maringue Mopeia Campo MaquivalNamacurra CaiaCaia Macossa InhassungeMaquival ChoaBarue Maringue Subwe ChupangaMarromeu Gonhane Catandica Inhamitanga Inhassunge Nguawala Luabo Micaune VanduziGorongosaCheringoma Nhamadze Chinde Mavonde Inhaminga Marromeu Chinde Manica Vanduzi Gorongosa MachipandaVanduziMatsinho Manica CafumpeGondola Muanza Muanza Messica Amatongas Galinha Zembe Nhamatanda Muoha Macate Nhamatanda TicaMafambisse Rotanda Inchope Sussundenga DondoDondoSofala Sussundenga Cidade Da Beira Buzi Manica Dombe Cidade Da Beira Goonda Buzi Estaquinha MossurizeDacata Chibabava Sofala Espungabera Chibabava Were there any negative reactions from Muxungue the community or neighbors on returnees Chiurairue Divinhe Chitobe from abroad (like fear they would bring COVID -19) MachangaMachanga Machaze No Save Yes Not assessed
12 COVID-19 IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOZAMBIQUE
SECTION 1F: Impact on livelihoods and post-pandemic needs
KIs from 16 per cent of the postos reported that KIs mentioned the following as the most likely most of the businesses that were forced to close consequences at the end of the pandemic: delays in due to the COVID-19 restrictions will not be able educational programs, unemployment, and decrease to cope and reopen at the end of the pandemic. This in income. was more acute in Manica and Sofala provinces, where 18 per cent and 28 per cent of postos reported that businesses are not expected to re-open at the end of As a result, the resumption of education was reported the pandemic. as the top priority need at the end of the pandemic: as a matter of fact, it was mentioned by key informants in 78 per cent of the postos. However, Zambezia KIs reported the following as the main impacts on province was an outlier, with KIs reporting resuming livelihoods: reduced income (mentioned in 72% of the education as a priority only in 52% of postos. postos), decrease in the number of income sources (65%), loss of jobs (39%), and other impacts, such as closure of agricultural and commercial fairs (13%). Other priority needs are healthcare (54%), food (53%), Zambezia was an outlier, with a far higher percentage livelihoods (40%), public infrastructures (27%), and of KIs reporting concerns of reduced access to income shelter (3%). Other needs, such as financial support sources (84%), highlighting a vulnerability. to businesses, distribution of agricultural inputs and job creation, were mentioned by KIs in 34 per cent of the postos.
Mualadze Nsadzu Angonia Ulongue Malowera Chifunde Macanga Domue Chidzolomondo FurancungoNtengo-Wa-Mbalame Muze Chiputu Chifunde Zambue Maravia Tsangano Lioma Zumbu Fingoe Tsangano Gurue Chipera Gurue Nauela Zumbu Manje Kazula Molumbo Alto Molocue Songo Mepuagiua Tete Chiuta Zobue Molumbo Regone Alto Ligonha Magoe Chitima Socone Chinthopo Mphende Marara Moatize Namarroi Alto Molocue Mukumbura Namarroi Gile Cahora Bassa Marara Kambulatsisi Zambezia Muabanama Ile Moatize Lugela Gile Chintholo Cidade De Tete Majaua Milange Ile Mulevala Lugela Tacuane Mulevala Chipembere MongueMilange Munhamade Mandie Naburi Doa Mugeba Pebane ChangaraNhamassonge Nhacolo Doa Chire Mualama Luenha Nhacafula Chemba NamanjaviraMocuba Mocubela Guro Pebane Chiramba Nhamayabue Mocuba Mungari Tambara Morrumbala Derre Mocubela Chemba Bazua Bajone Guro Charre MorrumbalaDerre Nicoadala Nante Mulima Maganja Megaza Namacurra Maganja Da Costa Canxixe SenaInhangoma Nicoadala Nhampassa Mopeia Macuze Murraça Nhamagua Macossa Maringue Mopeia Campo MaquivalNamacurra CaiaCaia Macossa InhassungeMaquival ChoaBarue Maringue Subwe ChupangaMarromeu Gonhane Catandica Inhamitanga Inhassunge Nguawala Luabo Micaune VanduziGorongosaCheringoma Nhamadze Chinde Mavonde Inhaminga Marromeu Chinde Manica Vanduzi Gorongosa MachipandaVanduziMatsinho Manica CafumpeGondola Muanza Muanza Messica Amatongas Galinha Zembe Nhamatanda Muoha Macate Nhamatanda TicaMafambisse Rotanda Inchope Sussundenga DondoDondoSofala Sussundenga Cidade Da Beira Buzi Manica Dombe Cidade Da Beira Goonda Buzi Estaquinha Is there a shortage or price increase of any items Chibabava Sofala MossurizeDacata due to the coronavirus? Espungabera Chibabava Muxungue Yes, there are both shortages and price increases Chiurairue Divinhe Chitobe MachangaMachanga Yes, there are price increases Machaze Yes, there are shortages Save No Not assessed
13 COVID-19 IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOZAMBIQUE
SECTION 2: HOUSEHOLD SURVEY
Methodology
In addition to the baseline assessment, a household survey was conducted between 2 November and 26 December 2020 in order to obtain a more comprehensive picture of the impact of COVID-19 and mobility restrictions on the population residing in the resettlement sites in Central Mozambique. The information was collected in all the 73 resettlement sites situated in four provinces (Manica, Sofala, Tete and Zambezia) in Central Mozambique, in coordination with INGD. Between 6 and 8 individuals have been interviewed in each resettlement site, corresponding to a total number of 513 individuals who participated to this survey (313 men and 200 women).
The aim of the assessment is to develop a comprehensive picture of the status of healthcare services, public awareness levels, access to services, movement restrictions and the overall impact of the pandemic across four provinces of central Mozambique.
Table 2: Number of individuals interviewed by province Province # Resettlement sites # Individuals interviewed Manica 31 220 Sofala 29 201 Tete 3 21 Zambezia 10 71 Total 73 513
COVID-19 sensitization at Samora Machel accomodation center /Jan 2021 COVID-19 IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOZAMBIQUE
SECTION 2A: Public awareness
According to the results of the survey, individuals were: non-health humanitarian agencies (mentioned residing in the resettlement aware seem aware of by 87% of the respondents), community leaders (81%), the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the preventive local government office (80%), health partners on the measures. In particular, 83 per cent of the respondents ground (71%), media (16%) and other actors (4%). answered that everyone in their community is aware of COVID-19 prevention measures. 14 per cent said that most people are aware. A total of 11 repsondents Sixty-eight respondents (13% of the total) reported in Zambezia (Landinho, Manguissa, and Mucoa sites) that they have noticed an unusually high number of reported that only about half of the site inhabitants are deaths in the last months. In particular, all respondents aware of the pandemic. In 73 per cent of interviews in Bairro da unidade, Nhanhemba 1 (Manica it was reported that everyone is aware on how to province), Macarate and Tchetcha 1 (Sofala province) protect themselves against the spread of COVID-19, resettlement sites noticed this unusual increase. The and in 24 per cent of sites that most people (i.e. main reasons mentioned for this unusually high number around 75%) are aware of such protective measures. of deaths were diseases (mentioned by 68% of the respondents who noticed this increase) and unknown reasons (35%). The main disease symptoms noticed by Almost all respondents (99%, 507 out of 513) said that respondents have been: fever (80%), diarrhea (35%) they have received information about COVID-19 and and respiratory issues (15%). the measures to prevent its spread. The main actors providing information, as mentioned by respondents,
Who provided information to IDPs on COVID-19 protection and preparedness measures? Media Other
100% 100% 8% 8% 5% 4% 15% 16% 30% 80% 80% 57% 60% 60% 100% 96% 91% 91% 95% 95% 40% 85% 83% 40% 66%
20% 43% 20%
1% 4% 1% 1% 4% 1% 0% 0% Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand Total Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand Total
N/A No Yes N/A No Yes
Non-health humanitarian agency Health partner (on-site)
100% 100% 19% 80% 80% 52% 65% 63% 73% 71% 60% 60% 82% 86% 80% 100% 40% 81% 40%
48% 20% 20% 34% 32% 23% 28% 17% 13% 20% 1% 4% 1% 1% 4% 1% 0% 0% Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand Total Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand Total
N/A No Yes N/A No Yes
Local government Community leader
100% 100%
80% 80% 55% 67% 70% 60% 79% 60% 83% 86% 81% 100% 94% 98% 40% 40%
41% 20% 20% 32% 29% 1% 20% 18% 17% 14% 1% 1% 1% 4% 1% 0% 4% 0% 1% Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand Total Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand Total
No Yes N/A No Yes 15 COVID-19 IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOZAMBIQUE
SECTION 2B: Measures and restrictions
According to the results of the survey, individuals have individuals) reported that there has been no additional reported the following as the main measures in their distrbution of soaps or disinfectants, nor has there current locations: recommendation to use face masks been disinfection of communal spaces. To combat (86% of the interviewees), installation of additional this, the rates of enforced physical distancing and the hand washing facilities (64%) and enforcement of cancellation of mass gatherings are much higher in social distancing (56%). Other common measures Tete than the average of all provinces. observed were: additional distribution of soap (48% of the respondents), cancellation of mass gatherings (38%), disinfection of communal spaces (17%), and Among the people taking part to the survey, 35 per limitations on access to the site (15%). cent reported that all services are still open and have not been affected by COVID-19 restrictions. On the other hand, the rest of the respondents reported that The following are some of the key outlier results: 67 several services have been affected by restrictions. per cent of respondents in Tete and 55 per cent in These services included: schools (reported by 45% Zambezia reported that there was no additional hand of the respondents), community health workers not washing facilities (36% average). The only reported visiting households any longer (20%), child protection health screening for newly arrived IDPs occurred in 6 services (8%), and vaccinations (8%). sites (28 respondants) in Sofala province (Nhacuecha, Magagade, Tchetcha 1 & 2, Ndoro, and Chicuaxa) and the 25 de Setembro site in Manica. Similarly the only Sixty-six per cent of the respondents reported that respondents who reported the seperation of persons movement restrictions have been imposed in their lo- who came into contact with someone who was ill, are cality. Moreover, the following measures have been put all found in Sofala (with more than two respondants in in place: use of face masks (88% of the respondents), each of the following sites: Machonjova, Nhamacunta, social distancing (69%), prohibition of mass gatherings Begaja, Maximedje). All repsondents from Tete (21 (65%), curfew (48%) and travel restrictions (22%).
Pandemic related mitigation measures enacted in sites Additional distribution of soap or disinfectants Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand total 0%
36% 36% 46% 48% 54% 52% 64% 64%
100%
No Yes Enforcement of physical distancing Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand total
10% 28% 23% 24% 44%
56% 72% 77% 76% 90%
No Yes Cancellation of mass gatherings Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand total
16% 29% 43% 41% 38%
57% 59% 62% 71% 84%
No Yes
16 COVID-19 IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOZAMBIQUE
SECTION 2C: Impact of the pandemic
The main sources of income of the respondents were: more stress (32%), distrust of others (24%), and de- farming (96% of the respondents), daily jobs (12%), pression (20%). small businesses (9%), husbandry (7%), remittances (5%), paid jobs (1%) and other sources (1%). Fifty-four per cent of the respondents reported that their eco- Seventy-six per cent of the participants to the sur- nomic situation has not been affected by the pandem- vey reported that they are receiving assistance. As- ic. On the other hand, 39 per cent of the interviewees sistance was mainly focused on: Personal Protective reported that they have experienced reductions in Equipment (71% of the respondents), food (44%), their income, while others reported restriction in the NFI (33%), health (33%), WASH (21%), mental health number of income sources (6% of the respondents), (10%) and shelter (8%). Humanitarian actors (99%) loss of income (4%), and loss of job (2%). and government offices (52%) were the main actors assisting the respondents.
Twenty-three per cent of the respondents reported that they have experienced price increases in their The graphs below indicate how often respondents locality, while 17 per cent reported that their local- enacted mitigation measures for family nutrition. ity has experiences both price increases and prod- The darker shading indicates more days per week uct shortages during the pandemic. Food (reported that these measures were taken. Respondents in by 71% of the interviewees) and hygiene items (62%) Tete consistently indicated the greatest levels of food were the items mostly affected by these phenomena. insecurity, with 52 per cent of respondents having borrowed food from friends or family every day of the week, and 62 per cent of familes having reduced Respondents reported that the pandemic had also the number of meals they eat each day. In total, 93 per psychosocial effectes such as less interactions with cent of individuals in Tete reported that they work in friends/family (reported by 51% of the respondents), agriculture.
How many days a week have the following mitigation measures been enacted by IDPs to feed their families?
Borrow food from family or friends Reduced portion sizes
100% 100% 5% 4% 5% 5% 7%
80% 80% 52% 67% 60% 60%
40% 40%
20% 20%
0% 0% Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand Total Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand Total
0 days 1 days 2 days 3 days 4 days 5 days 6 days 7 days 0 days 1 days 2 days 3 days 4 days 5 days 6 days 7 days
Reduced number of meals eaten a day Restricted consumption so children can eat
100% 100% 5% 5% 13% 13% 13% 1%
80% 80% 52% 62% 60% 60%
40% 40%
20% 20%
0% 0% Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand Total Manica Sofala Tete Zambezia Grand Total
0 days 1 days 2 days 3 days 4 days 5 days 6 days 7 days 0 days 1 days 2 days 3 days 4 days 5 days 6 days 7 days
17 COVID-19 IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF MOZAMBIQUE
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