DOCSLIB.ORG

AVIS Ce Document a Été Numérisé Par La Division De La Gestion Des

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AVIS Ce Document a Été Numérisé Par La Division De La Gestion Des Direction des bibliothèques AVIS Ce document a été numérisé par la Division de la gestion des documents et des archives de l’Université de Montréal. L’auteur a autorisé l’Université de Montréal à reproduire et diffuser, en totalité ou en partie, par quelque moyen que ce soit et sur quelque support que ce soit, et exclusivement à des fins non lucratives d’enseignement et de recherche, des copies de ce mémoire ou de cette thèse. L’auteur et les coauteurs le cas échéant conservent la propriété du droit d’auteur et des droits moraux qui protègent ce document. Ni la thèse ou le mémoire, ni des extraits substantiels de ce document, ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement reproduits sans l’autorisation de l’auteur. Afin de se conformer à la Loi canadienne sur la protection des renseignements personnels, quelques formulaires secondaires, coordonnées ou signatures intégrées au texte ont pu être enlevés de ce document. Bien que cela ait pu affecter la pagination, il n’y a aucun contenu manquant. NOTICE This document was digitized by the Records Management & Archives Division of Université de Montréal. The author of this thesis or dissertation has granted a nonexclusive license allowing Université de Montréal to reproduce and publish the document, in part or in whole, and in any format, solely for noncommercial educational and research purposes. The author and co-authors if applicable retain copyright ownership and moral rights in this document. Neither the whole thesis or dissertation, nor substantial extracts from it, may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author’s permission. In compliance with the Canadian Privacy Act some supporting forms, contact information or signatures may have been removed from the document. While this may affect the document page count, it does not represent any loss of content from the document. Université de Montréal L'image du régime Ceausescu dans la presse française. Étude de cas dans trois quotidiens: Le Monde, Le Figaro et L'Humanité (1965-1989) par Anamaria Monica Grigore Département d'histoire Faculté des arts et des sciences Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître ès arts en histoire Avril 2008 © Anamaria Monica Grigore, 2008 Université de Montréal Faculté des études supérieures Ce mémoire intitulé : L'image du régime Ceausescu dans la presse française. Étude de cas dans trois quotidiens: Le Monde, Le Figaro et L'Humanité (1965-1989) présenté par: Anamaria Monica Grigore a été évalué par un jury composé des personnes suivantes: Samir Saul Directeur de recherche PAUL LETOURNEAU PRESIDENT-RAPPORTEUR CARL BOUCHARD MEMBRE DU JURY mêm0ire accepté le 17 juillet 2008 Résumé Ce travail se propose de swvre l'évolution de l'image du régime Ceausescu dans la presse française depuis ses débuts, le 21 mars 1965, jusqu'à sa chute, le 22 décembre 1989. Pour cette recherche, trois journaux à l'orientation politique différente ont été choisis: Le Monde, journal du centre, Le Figaro, journalde droite et L 'Humanité, organe communiste. L'étude est construite sur la comparaison entre ces trois journaux, en retenant les thèmes qui ont modifié la perception sur la Roumanie durant vingt­ cinq années, tels les événements de politique internationale, de politique étrangère de la France et de la Roumanie, et, évidemment, de politique intérieure roumaine. Cette recherche tente également d'identifier les raisons qui ont conduit les journaux à analyser le régime de Ceausescu différemment. Le travail dévoile plusieurs étapes de la métamorphose de l'image du régime Ceausescu : le passage de l'obscurité àla notoriété internationale (1965- 1966); les ann~es de gloire (1967-1970); une période de quasi-indifférence (1971-1976) ; la transition vers une image plutôt négative (1977-1984), puis très négative (1984-1989). 1 Abstract This paper undertakes to follow the evolution of the image of the Ceausescu regime in the French press from its beginnings on 21 March 1965 to its collapse on 22 December 1989. Three newspapers with different political views were chosen for this research: Le Monde, a centrist newspaper, Le Figaro, a right-wing newspaper, and L 'Humanité, the organ of the Communist Party. The study is based on the comparison between these three newspapers, retaining the major themes that modified their perception of Romania over twenty-five years such as international political events, Romanian and French foreign relations, and Romanian political events. The aim is to identify the reasons that made these newspapers analyze Ceausescu's regime differently. This the sis unveils several stages in the metamorphosis of the image of the Ceausescu regime: the passage from obscurity to international notoriety (1965 - 1966), the years of glory (1967 - 1970), a period of quasi-indifference (1971 - 1976); the transition to a rather negative image (1977 - 1984), then to a very negative (1984 - 1989), image. 2 Table des matières Résumé ... ...... .................................... ......... ...... .......... 1 Abstract ........................... '" ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... 2 Liste des abréviations ... ... ... ... ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... ... ... ... .... 5 Introduction ...................... " ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... 8 Chapitre I. De l'obscurité vers la popularité (1965-1966) ......... ..... 14 Introduction ... .. ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... .. .. ... .. 14 1. Le changement de régime à Bucarest ................................. " 16 2. La continuité dans la politique extérieure... ... ... ... ..... ..... ...... 20 Conclusion... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 23 Chapitre II. L'enfant terrible du camp socialiste (1967-1970) ... ... ... .. 25 Introduction ............. " ...... '" ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... .. ... .. ... ... ... 25 1. Le renforcement du pouvoir... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. 28 2. La situation économique au début du régime Ceausescu ... ... ... ... .. 31 3. Le rétablissement des relations diplomatiques avec la RF. A. ... ... .. 31 4. Proche-Orient ...... ... ... ...... ... ... .................. ...... ...... ...... .... 33 5. La visite du général de Gaulle... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 34 6. Le coup de Prague ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. 36 7. La visite de Richard Nixon... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 38 Conclusion ...... .................. .............................. ................. 39 Chapitre III. Le début d'une dictature (1971-1976) ... .................. ... 42 IntToduction .................................................. , ... ... ... .. ... .. 42 1. L'évolution du régime Ceausescu ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... 46 2. Le système économique en difficulté ........................ .............. 53 3. Une politique étrangère fidèle aux anciens principes ........... , ... ... .. 56 Conclusion ............... '" ................................ , ... ... ... ... ... .. ... 58 Chapitre IV. La gloire perdue (1977-1984) ...... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 60 Introduction ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... 60 3 1. L'affermissement du pouvoir ............ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... ... ... ... .... 63 2. Une nouvelle politique d'urbanisme ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... 70 3. Le régime Ceausescu frappé par la crise économique ... ... ......... ... ...... 71 4. Le dépérissement de la popularité de Nicolae Ceausescu en Occident ..... 76 a) L'entente franco roumaine altérée ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... 76 b) Les relations américano-roumaines .......... , .................. , ............ '" . 78 Conclusion ................... ,. ... ... ... ... ... .... .... ................................ 79 Chapitre V. Néron, Caligula ou Père Ubu? (1985-1989) ... ... ... ... ...... ... ... 81 Introduction ......... " . ... .. ... ... .. .................................................. 81 1. Un régime en dérive ............................................................ '" .. 84 2. La dissidence ........ , ............ '" ................................ , .. .. ... .. .. 86 3. La destruction du passé ......... '" ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..... 88 4. Une stratégie de sous développement................................. ... ... ..... 90 5. La Roumanie de NicoJae Ceausescu en guerre avec tout le monde ... ... ... ... 91 6. Hongrie - Roumanie, une relation insolite ................................. '" . .. 94 7. La fin du régime Ceausescu ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... ... .. ... 96 Conclusion ........ , ... ... ... ............................................................. 98 Conclusion générale ................. , ............................................. '" ... 100 Bibliographie ........................ '" ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 109 4 La liste des abréviations Agit-Prop - Département pour l'agitation et la propagande C.E.E. - Communauté économique européenne Comecon, (acronyme anglais) - Conseil d'assistance économique mutuelle (C.A.E.M., en français) C.S.C.E. - Conférence sur la sécurité et la coopération en Europe D.S.T. - Direction de la surveillance du territoire, service de renseignements du ministère de l'Intérieur, chargé
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Romanian Exiles During the Most-Favored-Nation Period, 1974-1988 ______
    COLD WARRIORS IN THE AGE OF DÉTENTE AND DIFFERENTIATION: ROMANIAN EXILES DURING THE MOST-FAVORED-NATION PERIOD, 1974-1988 ____________________________________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, Fullerton ____________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in History ____________________________________ By Maryam Morsali Sullivan Thesis Committee Approval: Robert McLain, Department of History, Chair Cora Granata, Department of History Bogdan Suceava, Department of Mathematics Spring Semester, 2017 ABSTRACT Throughout modern history, groups of people have emigrated without the ability to return home because of the regime in power. While living in exile, they form or join new communities. They also work to determine their role and relation to their host and home countries. This study focuses on the activities and culture of Romanian exiles in the West from 1974 to 1988. These were the years that the United States granted Most- Favored-Nation status to Nicolae Ceaușescu’s Romania. During this time, American foreign policy ranged from détente to differentiation. The culture of Romanian exiles during the Cold War developed into working to combat communism and lessen Romanian suffering, as well as serving as the voice of and preserving democratic Romania. Exiles never gave up hope that communism could be overthrown. When it became evident that their political activities could not achieve regime change, a group of Romanian exiles decided to diversify their goals. This included focusing on humanitarian aid and preserving Romanian democratic traditions. They allied with the neoconservative wing of the U.S. Congress that originated in the Democratic Party to focus more on humanitarian victories, raise awareness in the West of what they considered to be the truth about Romania, and find means to provide a threat to or weaken Ceaușescu.
    [Show full text]
  • A Genderless Protest: Women Confronting Romanian Communism Petrescu, Cristina
    www.ssoar.info A Genderless Protest: Women Confronting Romanian Communism Petrescu, Cristina Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Petrescu, C. (2014). A Genderless Protest: Women Confronting Romanian Communism. Annals of the University of Bucharest / Political science series, 16(2), 79-101. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-411792 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de A GENDERLESS PROTEST WOMEN CONFRONTING ROMANIAN COMMUNISM ∗∗∗ CRISTINA PETRESCU Abstract : Far from accomplishing its utopian plans of transforming society, communism did not turn gender equality into a reality either. This paper moves beyond the common-place approaches that simply underline the failures of this political system and presumes that women experienced communism in very diverse and often ambiguous ways, for public and private roles conflicted more often than not. From among the few individuals who dared to articulate critical thoughts on Romanian communism prior to its collapse of 1989, the present paper recuperates the experience of three women. Members of the urban educated elite, they believed nonetheless in different values and pursued different strategies of expressing discontent with the regime. These female critics of the communist system went beyond personal or group interests, but among the issues of public concern they raised none belonged to a feminist agenda.
    [Show full text]
  • A New French Revolution? an Integrative Approach in the Analysis
    A New French Revolution? An integrative approach in the analysis of the Romanian transition A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Cand. Polit. Øyvind E. Lervik Department of Comparative Politics, University of Bergen, Norway February 2001 Avdeling for forskningsdokumentasjon, Universitetsbiblioteket i Bergen, 27.03.2001 SUMMARY This thesis has focued on the Romanian transition. The critical period concerned was from March 1989, with apparent signs of liberalisation, to the 1990 elections. Romania differed from the East and Central European transitions and the background of these cases. The Integrative Approach provided the analytical framework for relations between relevant structural characteristics and the violent revolution. An examination of several levels of aggregation gave actors’ preferences and the context of the transition, forming the basis for a game theoretic analysis. The issues justifying a transition questions and its proceedings were scrutinised. Selected theories in transitology were elaborated in light of these requirements. The study thus gave a methodological critique as well. The conclusions both gave insight into the forces that provoked the Romanian transition and illustrated how it was supervised. The observations provide contributions to generalisations on rational choices under transitions’ structural constraints, if supplemented with similar theoretical approaches to other cases. The Romanian transition was incomparable to the French revolution. Avdeling for forskningsdokumentasjon,
    [Show full text]
  • Research and Science Today No. 1(1)
    RESEARCH AND SCIENCE TODAY ~ Revistă științifică studențească ~ Numărul 1 Septembrie 2011 Târgu Jiu 2011 RESEARCH AND SCIENCE TODAY Copertă: Batcu Alexandru Tehnoredactare: Mărcău Flavius-Cristian Ciorei Mihaela Andreea Director: Mărcău Flavius-Cristian Comitetul științific: Prof. univ. dr. Adrian Gorun Prof. univ. dr. Niculescu George Prof. univ. dr. Moise Bojincă Prof. univ. dr. Popescu Luminița Prof. univ. dr. Cruceru MIhai Prof. univ. dr. Gămăneci Gheorghe Prof. univ. dr. Ghimiși Ștefan Sorinel Prof. univ. dr. Bîcă Monica Delia Prof. univ. dr. Babucea Ana Gabriela Conf. univ. dr. Neamțu Liviu Conf. univ. dr. Tomescu-Dumitrescu Cornelia Lect. univ. dr. Rujan Cristinel Lect. univ. dr. Trocan Laura Magdalena Lect. univ. dr. Gavrilescu Alin Lect. univ. dr. Gherghe Roxana Lect. univ. dr. Plăstoi Camelia Lect. univ. dr. Badea Miss Georgian Lect. univ. dr. Diaconu Ana Maria Lect. univ. dr. Dănăcică Daniela Emanuela Ș.l. dr. Ciofu Cristian Florin Asist. univ. Zamfir Bogdan Prep. univ. Holt Alina Georgiana 2 SEPTEMBRIE 2011 EDITURA ACADEMICA BRÂNCUȘI ADRESA: Bd-ul Republicii, nr. 1 Târgu Jiu, Gorj Tel: 0253/218222 COPYRIGHT: Sunt autorizate orice reproduceri fără perceperea taxelor aferente cu condiţia precizării sursei. Responsabilitatea asupra conţinutului lucrării revine în totalitate autorilor. ISSN: 2247 – 4455 ISSN-L: 2247 – 4455 3 RESEARCH AND SCIENCE TODAY CUPRINS CHINA- FUTURE SUPERPOWER OR NUMBER 2 IN THE WORLD? .................... 5 Alex andra DRĂGHICI COMPARATIVE VALUE ADDED TAX BETWEEN ITALY-UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE AND ROMANIA .................................................... 13 Irina DAMIAN THE BLACK SEA SYNERGY INITIATIVE – A DEVELOPING BACKGROUND FOR REGIONAL COOPERATION .............................................................................. 23 Andreea Maria DAN THE CONCEPT OF INNOCENCE IN HENRY JAMES’S THE WINGS OF THE DOVE ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Religion in the Romanian Revolution
    Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 12 Issue 2 Article 2 3-1992 The Role of Religion in the Romanian Revolution Earl A. Pope Lafayette College, Easton, PA Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Christianity Commons, and the Eastern European Studies Commons Recommended Citation Pope, Earl A. (1992) "The Role of Religion in the Romanian Revolution," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 12 : Iss. 2 , Article 2. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol12/iss2/2 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ROLE OF RELIGION IN THE ROMANIAN REVOLUTION by Earl A. Pope Dr. Earl A. Pope (Presbyterian) is professor emeritus of religious studies at Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania. He is on the Board of Advisory Editors of OPREE and has previously written articles in this periodical. This paper was prepared for an international conference on "The Role of Religion in Newly Pluralistic Societies in Eastern Europe" which was held in Budapest, May 22-26, 1991. Professor Pope is preparing an update on the religious situation in Romania based in large measure on his encounters with the religious communities during the summer of 1991 as a guest of Fundatiei Culturale Romane. Before the revolution there were fourteen officially approved religious communities in the Socialist Republic of Romania regulated by the 1948 Law of Cults; the Roman Catholic Church had de facto recognition on the basis of a license, but it did not have its own statute 1 because of a number of unresolved problems.
    [Show full text]
  • Resistance and Dissent Under Communism – the Case of Romania
    Resistance and Dissent under Communism – The Case of Romania Cristina Petrescu/Dragoş Petrescu Cristina Petrescu is Assistant Abstract Professor in the Department of Political Science, University of Bucharest since October Obwohl es auch in Rumänien Dissiden- 2003. Her research interests ten gab, beförderten deren Aktivitäten are related to the radical ide- weder die Revolution von 1989, noch ologies of the 20th century, the stellten sie während des frühen Post- political cultures of East-Cen- kommunismus eine Alternative zum tral Europe, and the national- Neo-Kommunismus bereit. Der vorlie- ist discourses in South-eastern gende Aufsatz betrachtet die bemer- Europe. She has authored kenswertesten Resistenz-Handlungen studies on the recent history von Persönlichkeiten aus dem intellek- and historiography of commu- nist and post-communist tuellen Milieu wie solche der Arbeiter- Europe. schaft, um die Besonderheiten der politischen Subkulturen des mit Polen Dragoş Petrescu is Assistant oder der Tschechoslowakei nicht ver- Professor in the Department gleichbaren Widerstandes in Rumänien of Political Science, University herauszuarbeiten. Wichtig ist, dass es of Bucharest and a member of solche Resistenzbewegungen auch hier the Board of the National überhaupt gab, obwohl eine Tradition Council for the Study of the der Teilhabe an der politischen Kultur Securitate Archives (CNSAS) in Bucharest. He has authored völlig fehlte. Aus dieser Perspektive several studies in comparative dienten im Dezember 1989 kritische communism and democratic Intellektuelle der großen Mehrheit consolidation. dann doch als Beispiel. I. Introduction When speaking about opposition to the communist rule, the conventional knowl- edge on the Romanian case is that, compared with that of the Central European countries – the former GDR, the former Czechoslovakia, Poland or Hungary – the civil society was barely existent.
    [Show full text]
  • The SPEECH Given by the President of Romania, Traian Băsescu, on The
    The SPEECH given by the President of Romania, Traian Băsescu, on the occasion of the Presentation of the Report by the Presidential Commission for the Analysis of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania (The Parliament of Romania, 18 December 2006) Messrs. Presidents of the Chambers of Parliament, Mister Prime Minister, Honourable Members of the Parliament of Romania, Distinguished Guests, Dear Fellow Countrymen. We are gathered here today in order to close, in full responsibility, a grim chapter in our countrys past. I have read with great attention the Final Report of the Presidential Commission for the Analysis of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania. In this document, I have found the reasons whereby I can condemn the communist regime. For the citizens of Romania, communism was a regime imposed by a political group self-designated as possessor of the truth, a totalitarian regime born through violence and ended through violence. It was a regime of oppression, which expropriated five decades of modern history from the Romanian people, which trampled law underfoot and forced citizens to live in lies and fear. The Presidential Commission was established in April 2006, in response to societys demands that the totalitarian past should be assumed and condemned. We considered it necessary to constitute the Commission precisely in order to substantiate intellectually and morally the act of condemnation. We did not wish for a merely formal repudiation of the communist past, at the level of declarations of complaisance. Such a condemnation would have been unconvincing. We demanded of the Commission a rigorous analysis of the components of the totalitarian system, of the principal institutions that made this tragedy possible, and of the personages decisively implicated in the system.
    [Show full text]
  • Romania Twenty Years After 1989
    Romania Twenty Years after 1989 Twenty Years After Communism Michael Bernhard and Jan Kubik Print publication date: 2014 Print ISBN-13: 9780199375134 Published to Oxford Scholarship Online: August 2014 DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199375134.001.0001 Romania Twenty Years after 1989 The Bizarre Echoes of a Contested Revolution Grigore Pop-Eleches DOI:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199375134.003.0005 Abstract and Keywords The official events commemorating the twentieth anniversary organized by the Romanian state and civil society were surprisingly modest. However, the political reverberations of the highly contested events of December 1989 were clearly visible during the presidential election contest that dominated the weeks prior to the anniversary. Therefore this chapter analyzes the electorally motivated mnemonic competition of the 2009 presidential election and particularly the significant reconfiguration of the traditional fault lines of the unresolved debates about the Romanian revolution. The ex-communist successor party, PSD, attempted to reframe the political discourse through an electoral alliance with traditionally anti-communist parties and a large-scale meeting in the symbolically charged Opera Square in Timişoara. However, this strategy ultimately backfired both rhetorically and politically, thereby illustrating the limits to Romania’s otherwise rather malleable memory regime. Keywords: Romania, Romanian revolution, 2009 presidential elections, Timişoara Introduction The twentieth anniversary of the dramatic events that led to the fall of the Ceauşescu dictatorship was commemorated in a somewhat unusual fashion by Romanians. On the one hand, considering the scale of the protests and the human sacrifice in December 1989, the explicit commemorative events organized by both the Romanian state and civil society were surprisingly modest, and were largely limited to a commemorative symposium organized by Page 1 of 20 PRINTED FROM OXFORD SCHOLARSHIP ONLINE (www.oxfordscholarship.com).
    [Show full text]
  • Bali : Les Etats-Unis Et L'indonésie Accusent Les Réseaux D'al-Qaida
    www.lemonde.fr 58e ANNÉE – N 17954 – 1,20 ¤ – FRANCE MÉTROPOLITAINE --- MERCREDI 16OCTOBRE 2002 FONDATEUR : HUBERT BEUVE-MÉRY – DIRECTEUR : JEAN-MARIE COLOMBANI Restauration Bali : les Etats-Unis et l’Indonésie rapide : le modèle / accusent les réseaux d’Al-Qaida TUEUR EN SÉRIE McDonald’s LE PRÉSIDENT des Etats-Unis, décret permettant aux autorités de George W. Bush, a estimé, lundi prendre des mesures d’urgence en est en crise Neuvième victime du 14 octobre à Washington, que l’on matière de lutte antiterroriste. tireur de Washington p. 4 peut imputer les attentats de same- Pour sa part, le Conseil de sécurité di à Bali au réseau Al-Qaida. Ces des Nations unies a condamné, TURBULENCES boursières, MÉDECINS attentats ont fait, selon un dernier lundi, l’attentat et appelé tous les faible progression de son chiffre bilan, 183 morts et plus de 300 bles- Etats-membres à l’arrestation de d’affaires notamment aux Etats- Les spécialistes en sés. George Bush s’est déclaré con- ses auteurs. Unis, profits en recul : le leader vaincu que ces attentats s’inscri- Sur place, les cadavres déchique- mondial de la restauration rapide grève mercredi p.11vent dans le cadre des attaques per- tés des victimes de l’attentat du traverse une passe difficile. Pour se pétrées contre des marines améri- Sari Club ont été transférés à la relancer, McDo a mis au point un ISRAËL cains au Koweit et le pétrolier fran- morgue de l’hôpital de Bali dans plan destiné à dynamiser ses çais Limburg au large du Yémen. des camions réfrigérés. Les opéra- ventes sur le marché américain.
    [Show full text]
  • Romania and Transylvania in the 20Th Century
    Romania and Transylvania in the 20th Century Ildikó Lipcsey Pre-publishing, unlectored edition Translated by A. Dani and T. Szappanos Edited by P. Csermely Budapest, 2004 1 Table of Contents PREFACE ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 I. THE GREAT NATIONAL DREAM COMES TRUE ................................................................................... 14 II. THE COMMUNIST TAKEOVER: 1945-1948............................................................................................. 52 III. THE GHEORGHIU-DEJ ERA ................................................................................................................... 73 IV. THE CEAUSESCU-ERA: 1965-1989 .......................................................................................................... 90 V. TRANSITION ATTEMPTS........................................................................................................................ 118 VI. THE REALITIES OF ROMANIAN INTERNAL POLITICS.................................................................. 139 VII. ON THE WAITING LIST: 1997.............................................................................................................. 147 VIII. ON THE THRESHOLD OF NEW ELECTIONS: 1999 ........................................................................ 161 APPENDIX A – THE ROMANIAN INTELLIGENCE SERVICE ................................................................ 173 APPENDIX
    [Show full text]
  • The Romanian Media in Transition Basil D
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2004 The Romanian Media in Transition Basil D. Georgiadis Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES THE ROMANIAN MEDIA IN TRANSITION BY MAJOR BASIL D. GEORGIADIS, USAF A Dissertation submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2004 The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Basil D. Georgiadis on 31 March 2004. _______________ Jonathon Grant Professor Directing Dissertation __________________ Patrick O’Sullivan Committee Member _________________ Nathan Stoltzfus Committee Member _________________ Michael Creswell Committee Member _____________ Matt Childs Committee Member The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii To my wife Gabriela and my parents Marilyn and Dimitri Basil iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the members of my committee, Professors Michael Creswell, Matt Childs, Nathan Stoltzfus, and Patrick O’Sullivan. Dr. Jonathon Grant, the dissertation director, was especially helpful in providing focus, organizational suggestions, and the inspiration to finish in three years. Mihaela Almaselu of the American Embassy in Bucharest made numerous contacts for me and research assistants Adriana Bulz and Oana Guth helped with the logistics of maneuvering in the capital. Brigadier General Carl Reddel, USAF (Ret) and his successor Colonel Mark Wells, USAF, of the United States Air Force Academy selected and supported me for this venture and for that I am very grateful.
    [Show full text]
  • THE STATE of HUMAN RIGHTS in ROMANIA (An Update)
    [COMMITTEE PRINT] 101ST CONGRESS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATWIES CSCE REVOLT AGAINST SILENCE: THE STATE OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN ROMANIA (An Update) Prepared by the Staff OF THE U.S. COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE DECEMBER 1989 Printed for the use of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OmCE 2o-480 WASHINGTON: 1989 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents. Congressional Sales Office U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE DENNIS DECONCINI,; Arizona, Chairman STENY H. HOYER, Maryland, Cochairman DANTE B. FASCELL, Florida FRANK LAUTENBERG, New Jersey EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts TIMOTHY WIRTH, Colorado BILL RICHARDSON, New Mexico WYCHE FOWLER, Georgia EDWARD FEIGHAN, Ohio HARRY REID, Nevada DON RITTER, Pennsylvania ALFONSE M. D'AMATO, New York CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey JAMES McCLURE, Idaho JOHN EDWARD PORTER, Illinois MALCOM WALLOP, Wyoming FRANK R. WOLF, Virginia ExEcUTIVE BRANCH HON. RICHARD SCHIF1ER. Department of State STEPHEN J. HADLEY, Department of Defense WILLIAM D. FRITTS, Jr., Department of Commerce SAMUEL G. WISE, Staff Director MARY Suz HAFNxR, Deputy Staff Director and General Counsel JANE S. FisHER, Deputy Staff Director MIKE AMITAY, Staff Assistant ANN W. BANCHOFF, Staff Assistant CATHERINE CosmAN, Staff Assistant KIMBERLY PIDCOKE, Receptionist ORmS DEYcHAKiwsKY, Staff Assistant JOHN FtNxRTY, Staff Assistant ROBErT HAND, Staff Assistant GINA M. 1ARNER, Administrative Assistant JuDIrH INGRAM, Staff Assistant JESSE JACOBS, Staff Assistant RONALD McNAmARA, Staff Assistant MicHAnE OcNB, Staff Assistant SPENCER OLIVER, Consultant MARK RAmxE, Senior Advisor for Soviet & East European Affairs BErH Rrcmm, Press Officer ERIKA SCHLAGER, Staff Assistant TOM WARNER, Printing Clerk (H) ...
    [Show full text]