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MONITORING FUTURE 2015 Overview
MONITORING the FUTURE NATIONAL SURVEY RESULTS ON DRUG USE 1975–2015 2015 Overview Key Findings on Adolescent Drug Use Lloyd D. Johnston Patrick M. O’Malley Richard A. Miech Jerald G. Bachman John E. Schulenberg Sponsored by The National Institute on Drug Abuse at The National Institutes of Health MONITORING THE FUTURE NATIONAL SURVEY RESULTS ON DRUG USE 2015 Overview Key Findings on Adolescent Drug Use by Lloyd D. Johnston, Ph.D. Patrick M. O’Malley, Ph.D. Richard A. Miech, Ph.D. Jerald G. Bachman, Ph.D. John E. Schulenberg, Ph.D. The University of Michigan Institute for Social Research Sponsored by: The National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institutes of Health This publication was written by the principal investigators and staff of the Monitoring the Future project at the Institute for Social Research, the University of Michigan, under Research Grant R01 DA 001411 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the sponsor. Public Domain Notice All material appearing in this volume is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied, whether in print or non-print media including derivatives, without permission from the authors. If you plan to modify the material, please contact the Monitoring the Future Project at [email protected] for verification of accuracy. Citation of the source is appreciated, including at least the following: Monitoring the Future, Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Recommended Citation Johnston, L. -
ENERGY DRINK Buyer’S Guide 2007
ENERGY DRINK buyer’s guide 2007 DIGITAL EDITION SPONSORED BY: OZ OZ3UGAR&REE OZ OZ3UGAR&REE ,ITER ,ITER3UGAR&REE -ANUFACTUREDFOR#OTT"EVERAGES53! !$IVISIONOF#OTT"EVERAGES)NC4AMPA &, !FTERSHOCKISATRADEMARKOF#OTT"EVERAGES)NC 777!&4%23(/#+%.%2'9#/- ENERGY DRINK buyer’s guide 2007 OVER 150 BRANDS COMPLETE LISTINGS FOR Introduction ADVERTISING EDITORIAL 1123 Broadway 1 Mifflin Place The BEVNET 2007 Energy Drink Buyer’s Guide is a comprehensive compilation Suite 301 Suite 300 showcasing the energy drink brands currently available for sale in the United States. New York, NY Cambridge, MA While we have added some new tweaks to this year’s edition, the layout is similar to 10010 02138 our 2006 offering, where brands are listed alphabetically. The guide is intended to ph. 212-647-0501 ph. 617-715-9670 give beverage buyers and retailers the ability to navigate through the category and fax 212-647-0565 fax 617-715-9671 make the tough purchasing decisions that they believe will satisfy their customers’ preferences. To that end, we’ve also included updated sales numbers for the past PUBLISHER year indicating overall sales, hot new brands, and fast-moving SKUs. Our “MIA” page Barry J. Nathanson in the back is for those few brands we once knew but have gone missing. We don’t [email protected] know if they’re done for, if they’re lost, or if they just can’t communicate anymore. EDITORIAL DIRECTOR John Craven In 2006, as in 2005, niche-marketed energy brands targeting specific consumer [email protected] interests or demographics continue to expand. All-natural and organic, ethnic, EDITOR urban or hip-hop themed, female- or male-focused, sports-oriented, workout Jeffrey Klineman “fat-burners,” so-called aphrodisiacs and love drinks, as well as those risqué brand [email protected] names aimed to garner notoriety in the media encompass many of the offerings ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER within the guide. -
Update on Emergency Department Visits Involving Energy Drinks: a Continuing Public Health Concern January 10, 2013
January 10, 2013 Update on Emergency Department Visits Involving Energy Drinks: A Continuing Public Health Concern Energy drinks are flavored beverages containing high amounts of caffeine and typically other additives, such as vitamins, taurine, IN BRIEF herbal supplements, creatine, sugars, and guarana, a plant product containing concentrated caffeine. These drinks are sold in cans and X The number of emergency bottles and are readily available in grocery stores, vending machines, department (ED) visits convenience stores, and bars and other venues where alcohol is sold. involving energy drinks These beverages provide high doses of caffeine that stimulate the doubled from 10,068 visits in central nervous system and cardiovascular system. The total amount 2007 to 20,783 visits in 2011 of caffeine in a can or bottle of an energy drink varies from about 80 X Among energy drink-related to more than 500 milligrams (mg), compared with about 100 mg in a 1 ED visits, there were more 5-ounce cup of coffee or 50 mg in a 12-ounce cola. Research suggests male patients than female that certain additives may compound the stimulant effects of caffeine. patients; visits doubled from Some types of energy drinks may also contain alcohol, producing 2007 to 2011 for both male a hazardous combination; however, this report focuses only on the and female patients dangerous effects of energy drinks that do not have alcohol. X In each year from 2007 to Although consumed by a range of age groups, energy drinks were 2011, there were more patients originally marketed -
Smokable Cocaine Markets in Latin America and the Caribbean a Call for a Sustainable Policy Response
Smokable cocaine markets in Latin America and the Caribbean A call for a sustainable policy response ideas into movement AUTHORS: Ernesto Cortés and Pien Metaal EDITOR: Anthony Henman DESIGN: Guido Jelsma - www.guidojelsma.nl COVER PHOTO: Man smoking crack pipe Colombia, L. Niño. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This publication was made possible through the financial support of the Open Society Foundation (OSF) and the Global Partnership on Drug Policies and Development (GPDPD). GPDPD is a project implemented by the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and under the political patronage of the Federal Government’s Drug Commissioner. The contents of this report are the sole responsibility of TNI and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the donors. PUBLICATION DETAILS: Contents of the report may be quoted or reproduced for non-commercial purposes, provided that the source of information is properly cited. TRANSNATIONAL INSTITUTE (TNI) De Wittenstraat 25, 1052 AK Amsterdam, The Netherlands Tel: +31-20-6626608, Fax: +31-20-6757176 E-mail: [email protected] www.tni.org/drugs @DrugLawReform Drugsanddemocracy Amsterdam, December 2019 2 | Smokable cocaine markets in Latin America and the Caribbean transnationalinstitute Contents Introduction 4 Methodological approach 6 The Substance(s) 8 Smokable cocaine in Cochabamba (Bolivia) in the early 1990s 9 Users 14 Impact on health 17 The Market 21 Harm Reduction experiences 25 Conclusions and Discussion 28 Policy Recommendations 29 Good Practices: examples from Brazil 30 Bibiography and references 32 International smokable cocaines working group 33 Endnotes 34 transnationalinstitute Smokable cocaine markets in Latin America and the Caribbean | 3 Introduction regions. -
Additional Requested Drugs
PART 1 PART PATIENT PRESCRIBED MEDICATIONS: o ACTIQ o DESIPRAMINE o HYDROCODONE o MORPHINE o ROXICODONE o ADDERALL o DIAZEPAM* o HYDROMORPHONE o MS CONTIN o SOMA o ALPRAZOLAM* o DILAUDID o IMIPRAMINE o NEURONTIN o SUBOXONE o AMBIEN o DURAGESIC o KADIAN o NORCO o TEMAZEPAM o AMITRIPTYLINE o ELAVIL o KETAMINE o NORTRIPTYLINE o TRAMADOL* o ATIVAN o EMBEDA o KLONOPIN o NUCYNTA o TYLENOL #3 o AVINZA o ENDOCET o LORAZEPAM o OPANA o ULTRAM o BUPRENEX o FENTANYL* o LORTAB o OXYCODONE o VALIUM o BUPRENORPHINE o FIORICET o LORCET o OXYCONTIN o VICODIN o BUTRANS o GABAPENTIN o LYRICA o PERCOCET o XANAX o CLONAZEPAM* o GRALISE o METHADONE o RESTORIL TO RE-ORDER CALL RITE-PRINT 718/384-4288 RITE-PRINT CALL TO RE-ORDER ALLIANCE DRUG PANEL (SEE BELOW) o ALCOHOL o BARBITURATES o ILLICITS o MUSCLE RELAXANTS o OPIODS (SYN) ETHANOL PHENOBARBITAL 6-MAM (HEROIN)* CARISPRODOL FENTANYL* BUTABARBITAL a-PVP MEPROBAMATE MEPERIDINE o AMPHETAMINES SECOBARBITAL BENZOYLECGONINE NALOXONE AMPHETAMINE PENTOBARBITAL LSD o OPIODS (NATURAL) METHADONE* METHAMPHETAMINE BUTALBITAL MDA CODEINE METHYLPHENEDATE MDEA MORPHINE o NON-OPIOID o BENZODIAZEPINES MDMA ANALGESICS o OPIODS (SEMI-SYN) o ANTICONVULSIVES ALPRAZOLAM* MDPV TRAMADOL BUPRENORPHINE* GABAPENTIN CLONAZEPAM* MEPHEDRONE TAPENTADOL DIHROCODEINE PREGABALIN DIAZEPAM METHCATHINONE DESOMORPHINE o NON-BENZODIAZEPINE FLUNITRAZEPAM* METHYLONE HYDROCODONE HYPNOTIC o ANTIDEPRESSANTS FLURAZEPAM* PCP HYDROMORPHONE ZOLPIDEM* AMITRIPTYLINE LORAZEPAM THC* OXYCODONE DOXEPIN OXAZEPAM CBD ° OXYMORPHONE o MISCELLANEOUS DRUGS IMIPRIMINE -
Standards of Energy Drinks
Food Safety and Standards Authority of India Proposes Regulation of Energy Drinks, and Caffeine (Revised) Introduction 1. Energy drinks are non-alcoholic beverages containing caffeine, guarana, glucuronolactone, taurine, ginseng, inositol, carnitine, B-vitamins etc. as main ingredients that act as stimulants. In recent years, a number of different energy drinks have been introduced in the Indian market to provide an energy boost or as dietary supplements. These drinks contain high levels of caffeine which stimulates the nervous system. 2. Energy drinks are heavily marketed to young adults and others and manufacturers compare the effects of the drinks to the use of drugs like cocaine. Many of these drinks are heavily promoted in bars or for use in combination with alcohol, which could further increase the health risk to consumers. There are a number of scientific reports on the adverse consequences of excessive consumption of caffeine. The main sources of caffeine are tea, coffee and soft drinks. In energy drinks, caffeine is added at levels of up to 80 mg per serve. The drinks usually have a number of added water soluble vitamins such as, niacin, pathothenic acid, vitamin B 6 and vitamin B 12 and other substances, such as amino acids. 3. There are, at present, no Codex Standards for soft drinks or non-alcoholic carbonated beverages. Several countries have approved energy drinks as dietary supplements. The health implications of caffeine have also been enquired into by several countries. 4. Caffeine is added to energy drinks ostensibly to increase mental performance. The detrimental effects of caffeine have been identified by several studies. -
Caffeine - Induced Psychiatric Disorders
Article 353 1 Clock Hour Caffeine - Induced Psychiatric Disorders Francis M. Torres Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine al- inability to quit or to cut down their caffeine use. The kaloid that acts as a psychoactive stimulant drug and a mood altering effects of caffeine depend on the mild diuretic1. In humans, caffeine is a central ner- amount of caffeine consumed and whether the indi- vous system (CNS) stimulant2, having the effect of vidual is physically dependent on or tolerant to caf- temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring feine. In caffeine non-users or intermittent users, low alertness. Beverages containing caffeine, such as cof- dietary doses of caffeine (20-200 mg) generally pro- fee, tea, soft drinks and energy drinks, enjoy great duce positive mood effects such as increased well- popularity. Caffeine is the world’s most widely con- being, happiness, energetic arousal, alertness, and so- sumed psychoactive substance, estimated at 120,000 ciability. Among daily caffeine consumers, much of tonnes per annum3, but unlike many other psychoac- the positive mood effect experienced with consump- tive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly tion of caffeine in the morning after overnight absti- all jurisdictions. The half-life of caffeine — the time nence is due to suppression of low grade withdrawal required for the body to eliminate one-half of the total symptoms such as sleepiness and lethargy. Large caf- amount of caffeine — varies widely among individu- feine doses (200 mg or greater) may produce negative als according to such factors as age, liver function, mood effects. Although generally mild and brief, these pregnancy, some concurrent medications, and the effects include increased anxiety, nervousness, jitteri- level of enzymes in the liver needed for caffeine me- ness, and upset stomach. -
Emerging Drug Trends 2014
EMERGING DRUG TRENDS – 2014 Special Research Report • Regional Organized Crime Information Center Emerging Drug Trends Table of Contents Opioid Abuse .................................................... 2 By ROCIC Publications Specialist Jennifer Adkins Opiate Abuse .................................................... 7 © Regional Organized Crime Information Center Synthetic Cathinones ..................................... 13 ew drugs are emerging at an unprecedented rate as manufacturers Synthetic Cannabinoids ................................. 18 of “legal high” products use new chemicals to replace those that Phenethlyamines ............................................ 22 N Party Pills ...................................................27 are banned. These new chemicals take the place of heroin, morphine, and amphetamines. These drugs are highly accessible, touted as legal, Herbal Drugs ..............................................29 Sources of Information ...............................32 and perceived as safe. This Special Research Report was supported by Grant No. 2011-RS-CX-K007, awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. However, despite the popularity in designer drugs and legal high Department of Justice. The Office of Justice Programs also coordinates the activi- ties of the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of products, the abuse of heroin and prescription painkiller medication Juvenile Justice and Delinquency, and the Office for Victims of Crime. -
Toxtidbits (November 2010)
November 2010 Alcoholic Energy Drinks Energy drinks have an assortment of ingredients ranging from taurine, guarana and caffeine (all stimulants) to B vitamins. They were first marketed in the United States in 1997. Since that time their popularity has increased, along with the number of people using them. These drinks are often mixed with alcohol, such as vodka or Jägermeister. Because of the popularity of these drinks as mixers, energy drinks premixed with alcohol were introduced to the market under such brand names as Joose and Four Loko. They come in fruity flavors and are sold in brightly colored cans as large as 23.5 ounces, for as little as $2-$3. They have as much as 12% alcohol by volume, two to four times the alcohol content of the average beer. These drinks contain the same amount of alcohol found in as many as three cans of beer. The stimulant con- tent in one can is estimated to be equivalent to the amount of caffeine contained in two or three cups of coffee. Caffeinated alcoholic drinks have become very popular with young college students. In fact, a recent study estimated use by college students in the United States to be as high as 28% (Acad Emerg Med 2008;15(5):453-460). On the street these drinks are known as “liquid cocaine” and “blackout in a can.” While alcohol produces a sedative effect, depressing the central nervous system, caffeine exerts a stimulant effect. In combination, the caffeine reduces the perception of alcohol intoxication, but does not reduce the impairment to judgment or reaction time. -
Alcohol and Drug Education/Sun Protection
HEALTH INITIATIVE LUNCH AND LEARN III: ALCOHOL AND DRUG EDUCATION/SUN PROTECTION K A T I E L. HOWE: HEALTH EDUCATOR MARK FINK: ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, FITNESS T H U R S D A Y , M A R C H 6 , 2014 CAMPUS LIFE CENTER QUIET ROOM 1 2 : 0 0 - 12:30 P.M. OVERVIEW • Alcohol Education: • Drinking Responsibly • Binge Drinking • Alcohol Poisoning • Drug Education: • Recreational Drugs • Prescription Drugs • Sun Protection: • Vitamin D • Skin Cancer • Sun Screens ALCOHOL EDUCATION • Not all drinks are equal!! • The alcohol content differs among each type of drink. Beer for example can range from 4% to upwards of 20% (high gravity). • Blood Alcohol Content (BAC): The percentage of alcohol in the blood. The greater percentage of alcohol a drink contains, the faster a person’s BAC will rise. DRINKING RESPONSIBLY • Abstain from drinking until you are of legal age. • Always practice moderation. • 2 drinks for men, 1 drink for women. • Always appoint a designated driver. • Never pressure anyone to drink. • Be a role model. • Nutrition • 7 calories/gram of Alcohol • Most alcoholic beverages are approximately 125-150 calories, however once you begin mixing with soda, juice, etc. the calories begin to pile on. If you choose to drink liquor try mixing with water or club soda. Also add extra ice cubes or keep it on the rock. This dilutes the cocktail allowing you to sip on the drink longer, decreasing the number of drinks consumed and also increases water intake. BINGE DRINKING/ALCOHOL POISONING Binge Drinking (Episodic Excessive Drinking) Alcohol Poisoning • Men: 5 or more drinks. -
The Alcoholic Energy Drinks Issue
Check out College Humor’s Honest Four Loko Commerical Volume 12 www.collegehumor.com Learn more about toxic drinking November 2010 www.redwatchband.org The Alcoholic Energy Drinks Issue What are alcoholic Did you know… Four What?! energy drinks? -Studies have shown The “four” in Four Loko that one can of Four • Alcoholic energy is derived from the Loko has the same alco- drinks (AEDs) are malt drink’s four key ingre- hol content as 5.64 stan- dients: caffeine, taurine, beverages that in addi- dard drinks. tion to alcohol contain guarana, and alcohol. a comparable amount -Drinkers who consume It is NOT shorthand for of caffeine to other en- alcohol with energy how many standard ergy drinks. drinks are twice as likely as those not mix- drinks are in one can. • These drinks also con- ing the two to report tain energy supple- being taken advantage ments, such as taurine of sexually, taking advantage of someone and guarana (which sexually, or getting into have never been a car with a driver who evaluated by the FDA) has been drinking • Most also contain car- -Drinkers who consume bonation, artificial alcohol with energy sweeteners, and exotic drinks are three times -sounding ingredients as likely to binge drink such as ginseng. -The FDA has just • These drinks can con- deemed that caffeine is an unsafe additive to tain 6%-12% alcohol alcoholic beverages by volume—more than and ordered its removal Aliases for Four Loko the standard American from all existing alco- beer (4% ABV) holic energy drinks. “Blockout in a can” “Liquid Cocaine” In the news.. -
Forensics Market
FORENSICS MARKET A FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF DESOMORPHINE, HEROIN, METHADONE, BUPRENORPHINE AND METABOLITES IN URINE USING LC/MS QQQ Desomorphine, also known by its street name Krokodil, is an emerging synthetic opioid, used as a heroin substitute and produced by back street illicit laboratories. Author Peter JW Stone Agilent Technologies Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd, Santa Clara, CA, 95051, USA. ABSTRACT The analytical measurement of opioid panels commonly 6-Monoacetylmorphine-D6 Heroin-D9 include a number of compounds such as heroin, methadone Buprenorphine-D4 Methadone-D9 and buprenorphine. Research methods with sufficient flexibility are of value to respond to the need to measure Desomorphine-D3 Norbuprenorphine-D3 new compounds resulting from clandestine production. EDDP-D3 INTRODUCTION Table 1 – Internal Standards Utilized Desomorphine, also known by its street name Krokodil, is HPLC Method Parameters (Agilent 1290 system): an emerging synthetic opioid, used as a heroin substitute Agilent Poroshell 120 EC and produced by back street illicit laboratories. Little or Column: C18, 2.1 x 50mm (2.7μm) no literature exists presently describing an analytical approach to determining desomorphine in samples. Column temperature: 55°C Injection volume: 1 uL This application brief describes the development of an LC/MS QQQ research method that aims to rapidly Autosampler temp: 4°C screen for to and measure desomorphine together with Needle wash: flushport (100% metha- heroin, buprenorphine, methadone and their metabolites nol), 5 sec 6-acetylmorphine, norbuprenorphine and EDDP. A = 5mM NH4for- Mobile phase: mate/0.01% formic acid A three minute analytical research method has been in water developed with results obtained for five batches of spiked B = 0.01% formic acid in urine samples over the linear concentration range of methanol 1-5000ng/ml.