“Cardiovascular Imaging”

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Special Issue on “Cardiovascular Imaging” Aims and Scope Journal of Clinical Trials in Cardiology is a peer reviewed open access journal, exclusively designed for the international Scientific community that addresses ongoing research on Clinical Trials in Cardiology, which aims to provide a unique platform for publishing high quality research work. The journal aims to frame up an outstanding special issue on Cardiovascular Imaging. Cardiovascular Imaging uses the most sophisticated technology offered to capture images of the heart. These different techniques allow physician to make accurate diagnoses and determine the best treatment for each patient. Obtaining and interpreting images of the heart are critical to the successful management of any cardiac disorder. The objective of the special issue is to integrate the growing international community of researchers working on the topics like Coronary Catheterization, Echocardiogram, Intravascular Ultrasound, Positron Emission Tomography and Computed Tomography Angiography. Topics This special issue deals with the topics of the following but not limited to Coronary Catheterization Echocardiogram Intravascular Ultrasound Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography Angiography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Chest X-Rays Angiography Intravascular Ultrasonography Endomyocardial Biopsy Spectral Doppler Echocardiography Color Doppler Echocardiography Tissue Doppler Imaging Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Stress Echocardiography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Cardiac Ventriculography Phonocardiogram Ballistocardiography Cardiotocography Submissions Authors are invited to submit articles which address the progress and current standing of Cardiovascular Imaging. Please refer Author guidelines before submission. Author benefits for these submissions will be found at Special issue page. Use the Online Manuscript Tracking System to submit your papers or e-mail it to [email protected] Submissions are open from January 26, 2015 Editorial Board Members Editorial Contact Laura Allen Nicholas Ruggiero Thomas Jefferson University, USA Journal of Clinical Trials in Cardiology Symbiosis Group Rongli Zhang 1203, Heron Drive, Case Western Reserve University, USA Normal, IL-61761 Xuejun H Parsons T: 1-872-356-4001 San Diego Regenerative Medicine Institute F: 1-309-424-5750 USA [email protected] Hal Weinberg Simon Fraser University, Canada .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Diagnosis and Treatment of Myocarditides
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MYOCARDITIDES Clinical guidelines Task force for preparing the text of recommendations Chairperson: Professor S.N. Tereshchenko (Moscow), Task force members: I.V. Zhirov (MD, Moscow), Professor V.P. Masenko (MD, Moscow), O.Yu. Narusov (Ph.D., Moscow), S.N. Nasonova (Ph.D., Moscow), Professor A.N. Samko (MD, Moscow), O.V. Stukalova (Ph.D., Moscow) and M.A. Shariya (MD, Moscow) Expert Committee: Professor Arutyunov G.P. (Moscow), Professor Moiseev S.V. (Moscow), Professor Vasyuk Yu.A. (Moscow), Professor Garganeeva A.A. (Tomsk), Professor Glezer M.G. (Moscow region), Professor Tkacheva O.N. (Moscow) Professor Shevchenko A.O. (Moscow), Professor Govorin A.V. (Chita), Professor Azizov V.A. (Azerbaijan), Professor Mirrahimov E.M. (Kyrgyzstan), Professor Abdullaev T.A. (Uzbekistan), Ph.D. Panfale E.M. (Moldova), MD Sudzhaeva O.A. (Belarus) Moscow, 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 4 Evidence Base for Diagnosis and Treatment of Myocarditides…………….……6 I. MYOCARDITIDES CLASSIFICATION ................................................................... 5 1. Fulminant myocarditis. .................................................................................................... 6 2. Acute myocarditis. ........................................................................................................... 6 3. Chronic active myocarditis. ............................................................................................
[Show full text]
Diagnostic Yield and Safety Profile of Endomyocardial Biopsy in the Non
REC Interv Cardiol. 2019;1(2):99-107 Original article Diagnostic yield and safety profile of endomyocardial biopsy in the non-transplant setting at a Spanish referral center Eusebio García-Izquierdo Jaén,a Juan Francisco Oteo Domínguez,a,* Marta Jiménez Blanco,a Cristina Aguilera Agudo,a Fernando Domínguez,a Jorge Toquero Ramos,a Javier Segovia Cubero,a Clara Salas Antón,b Arturo García-Touchard,a José Antonio Fernández-Díaz,a Rodrigo Estévez-Loureiro,a Francisco Javier Goicolea Ruigómez,a and Luis Alonso-Pulpóna a Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain b Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is an established diagnostic tool in myocardial disease. However, this technique may carry major complications. We present the diagnostic and safety results of our experience in EMB in the non-trans- plant setting. We also present the results after the implementation of a technical and safety protocol developed at our center. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of all EMBs conducted in non-transplant patients from September 2004 through July 2018. We compared the diagnostic yield and rate of major complications of EMB in two different periods: before and after implementing the protocol. Results: We included 204 EMBs performed in 190 patients. The most frequent indications were the evaluation of ventricular dys- function or suspected myocarditis (51.5%) and the evaluation of restrictive cardiomyopathy or suspected infiltrative disease (44.6%). One hundred and seventy-two EMBs were performed in the right cardiac chambers (84.3%) and 30 EMBs in the left cardiac chambers (14.7%).
[Show full text]
Intractable Chest Pain in Cardiomyopathy: Treatment by a Novel Technique of Cardiac Cryodenervation with Quantitative Immunohistochemical Assessment of Success
574 Br HeartJ 1993;69:574-577 TECHNIQUE Br Heart J: first published as 10.1136/hrt.70.6.574 on 1 December 1993. Downloaded from Intractable chest pain in cardiomyopathy: treatment by a novel technique of cardiac cryodenervation with quantitative immunohistochemical assessment of success J AR Gaer, L Gordon, J Wharton, J M Polak, K M Taylor, W McKenna, D J Parker Abstract she described episodes of chest pain, usually A novel method of cardiac denervation on exertion but also at rest and at night. The by cryoablation has been developed ex- pain occurred up to 10 times daily and her perimentally. The technique uses liquid exercise tolerance had deteriorated from four nitrogen delivered under pressure to miles to 200 yards. Although she denied ablate the principal sources of cardiac paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, she slept innervation-namely, the adventitia sur- with three pillows. Her medication at this rounding the aorta, pulmonary arteries, time consisted of sotalol (80 mg twice daily) and veins. The technique has been veri- and verapamil (240 mg twice daily). She had fied experimentally both in vivo by four children (aged 6, 8, 10, and 11 years) all physiological means and in vitro by of whom were healthy. She was unaware of a quantitative immunohistochemistry and family history of hypertrophic cardiomyopa- the measurement of myocardial nor- thy, although two members of her family had adrenaline concentrations. A 35 year old died suddenly in middle age. On admission a woman presented with intractable pre- soft pansystolic murmur and considerable cordial pain, normal epicardial coronary obesity were noted.
[Show full text]
CACI Revista 20140228 (2).Indd
ISSN 2250-7531 Colegio Argentino de Cardioangiólogos Intervencionistas CONTIENE ABSTRACTS Revista Argentina de SELECCIONADOS CardioangiologíaSOLACI CACI’14 Intervencionista Enero - Marzo 2014 | Año 5 | Número 1 Artículos Originales Entrenamiento, acreditación y recertifi cación en Cardioan- giología Intervencionista. Veinticinco años de experiencia: 1989-2014 Ruda Vega M, Londero HF, Cherro A Revascularization strategies for patients with multiple ves- sel coronary disease and unprotected left main. A prospec- tive, multicenter and controlled Argentina registry with a co- balt-chromium rapamycin eluting stent, FIREBIRD 2™: Protocol Design and Methods of the ERACI IV Registry Fernández-Pereira C, Santaera O, Larribau M, Haiek C, Sarmiento R, Mie- res J, Lloveras J, Pocoví A, Carlevaro O, Rifourcat I, Chen J, Zheng K, Ro- dríguez-Granillo AM, Antoniucci D, Rodríguez AE; on behalf of ERACI IV Investigators Caso Clínico Bifurcaciones coronarias: técnica stent pull-back modifi cada como estrategia alternativa en pacientes con revascularización previa Dionisio G, Puerta L, Carlevaro O, Kevorkián R, Centeno S Revista Argentina de Cardioangiología Intervencionista Enero - Marzo 2014 | Año 5 | Número 1 Editor en Jefe Marcelo Halac Jorge Leguizamón Eulogio García Traductor Alfredo E. Rodríguez Carlos Miranda Hugo Londero Joan Gómez Alejandro Fernández Pedro Lylyk Editores Asociados Alejandro Peirone Eberhard Grube Representante CACI Esteban Mendaro Liliana Grinfeld Sergio Sierre Luis Guzmán Ernesto M. Torresani Oscar Mendiz Rubén Piraino Pablo Stutzbach Ziyad Hijazi Alejandro Palacios Representante Carrera Antonio Pocoví León Valdivieso Mark Hlatky Juan Parodi Gastón Rodríguez-Granillo Héctor Vetulli Adnan Kastrati UBA-CACI Alfredo E. Rodríguez Gregg Stone José Vicario Kem Morton Guillermo Migliaro Jorge Wisner Omar Santaera Consejo de Redacción Carlos Sztejfman Pedro Lemos Relaciones José Alonso Secretaría Científi ca Alberto Tamashiro Carlos Macaya Institucionales CACI Rosana Ceratto Carla Agatiello David Vetcher Roxana Mehran Lic.
[Show full text]
Trends of Increasing Medical Radiation Exposure in a Population Hospitalized for Cardiovascular Disease (1970–2009)
Trends of Increasing Medical Radiation Exposure in a Population Hospitalized for Cardiovascular Disease (1970–2009) Clara Carpeggiani*, Patrizia Landi, Claudio Michelassi, Paolo Marraccini, Eugenio Picano CNR, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy Abstract Background: High radiation doses employed in cardiac imaging may increase cancer frequency in exposed patients after decades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative trends in medical radiation exposure in a population hospitalized for cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results: An observational single-center study was conducted to examine 16,431 consecutive patients with heart disease admitted to the Italian National Research Council Institute of Clinical Physiology between January 1970 and December 2009. In all patients, the cumulative estimated effective dose was obtained from data mining of electronic records of hospital admissions, adopting the effective dose typical values of the American Heart Association 2009 statement and Mettler’s 2008 catalog of doses. Cumulative estimated effective dose per patient in the last 5 years was 22 (12–42) mSv (median, 25th–75th percentiles), with higher values in ischemic heart disease (IHD), 37 (20–59) vs non-IHD, 13 (8–22) mSv, p,0.001. Trends in radiation exposure showed a steady increase in IHD and a flat trend in non-IHD patients, with variation from 1970–74 to 2005–2009 of +155% for IHD (p,0.001) and 21% in non-IHD (NS). The relative contribution of different imaging techniques was remodeled over time, with nuclear cardiology dominating in 1970s (23% of individual exposure) and invasive fluoroscopy in the last decade (90% of individual exposure). Conclusion: A progressive increase in cumulative estimated effective dose is observed in hospitalized IHD patients.
[Show full text]
Billing and Coding Guidelines Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Angiography CV-006
Billing and Coding Guidelines LCD Database ID Number L30719 LCD Title Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Angiography Contractor's Determination Number CV-006 Coding Information General 1. List the appropriate CPT cardiac catheterization code/combination that most clearly describes the service(s) performed. 2. List the appropriate ICD-9 code describing the condition/diagnosis of the patient that is the reason for the right, left, or combined right/left catheterization service(s). 3. Cardiac catheterization codes 93452-93461 include contrast injections, image supervision, interpretation and report for imaging typically performed during these procedures. 4. When injections procedures for right atrial, aortic or pulmonary angiography are performed in conjunction with cardiac catheterization these services (93566-93568) are reported in addition to the appropriate catheterization code. 5. Services considered included in cardiac catheterization/angiography procedures (93452-93461) are as follows, when indicated: a. Local anesthesia and/or sedation b. Introduction, positioning, and repositioning of catheters c. Recording of intracardiac and intravascular pressures d. Obtaining blood samples for blood gases e. Cardiac output measurements f. Monitoring services, e.g., ECCS, arterial pressures, oxygen saturation g. Vascular catheter and line removal h. Final Evaluation i. Written Report 6. Swan Ganz Placement (93503). When a catheter is placed in the right heart for medically necessary monitoring purposes, the code 93503 must be reported. The codes describing a right heart catheterization (e.g., 93451) are used only for medically necessary diagnostic procedures. Do not report code 93503 in conjunction with other diagnostic cardiac catheterization codes. The code 93503 includes: a. Anesthesia or sedation. b. The insertion of the flow-directed catheter.
[Show full text]
Consensus Statement on Endomyocardial Biopsy
Cardiovascular Pathology 21 (2012) 245–274 Original Article 2011 Consensus statement on endomyocardial biopsy from the Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology and the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology ⁎ ⁎ Ornella Leone a, , John P. Veinot b, , Annalisa Angelini c, Ulrik T. Baandrup d, Cristina Basso c, Gerald Berry e, Patrick Bruneval f, Margaret Burke g, Jagdish Butany h, Fiorella Calabrese c, Giulia d'Amati i, William D. Edwards j, John T. Fallon k, Michael C. Fishbein l, Patrick J. Gallagher m, Marc K. Halushka n, Bruce McManus o, Angela Pucci p, E. René Rodriguez q, Jeffrey E. Saffitz r, Mary N. Sheppard g, Charles Steenbergen n, James R. Stone r, Carmela Tan q, Gaetano Thiene c, Allard C. van der Wal s, Gayle L. Winters r aBologna, Italy bOttawa, Ontario, Canada cPadua, Italy dHjoerring, Denmark eStanford, CA, USA fParis, France gLondon, UK hToronto, Ontario, Canada iRome, Italy jRochester, MN, USA kNew York, NY, USA lLos Angeles, CA, USA mSouthampton, UK nBaltimore, MD, USA oVancouver, BC, Canada pPisa, Italy qCleveland, OH, USA rBoston, MA, USA sAmsterdam, The Netherlands Received 3 August 2011; received in revised form 28 September 2011; accepted 7 October 2011 Abstract The Association for European Cardiovascular Pathology and the Society for Cardiovascular Pathology have produced this position paper concerning the current role of endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) for the diagnosis of cardiac diseases and its contribution to patient management, focusing on pathological issues, with these aims: • Determining appropriate EMB use in the context of current diagnostic strategies for cardiac diseases and providing recommendations for its rational utilization ⁎ Corresponding authors. O. Leone is to be contacted at U.O.
[Show full text]
Complications of Endomyocardial Biopsy in Heart Transplant Patients: a Retrospective Study of 2117 Consecutive Procedures
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Repositório Institucional dos Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra Complications of Endomyocardial Biopsy in Heart Transplant Patients: A Retrospective Study of 2117 Consecutive Procedures F. Saraiva, V. Matos, L. Gonçalves, M. Antunes, and L.A. Providência ABSTRACT Background. Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) remains the gold standard for the diagno- sis of graft rejection after heart transplantation (HT). Our purpose was to evaluate the rate of complications of this invasive procedure. Methods. This was a retrospective study of 175 patients, who were transplanted between November 2003 and October 2010 and survived more than 1 month after surgery. We evaluated the number of inconclusive EMB and described the incidence, nature, and subsequent management of several complications associated with this procedure. Results. Over a period of approximately 7 years, we performed 2217 EMB yielding 4972 specimens, namely, an average of 2.3 fragments per procedure. The majority of EMBs (95.3%) were performed by the femoral approach. Only 12 EMB (0.57%) were inconclu- sive. The overall complication rate was 0.71%. During puncture, one patient experienced a vasovagal reaction and another one, a femoral artery false aneurysm. During the biopsy, there was one case of cardiac perforation with tamponade, two cases of supraventricular tachycardia, and three atrioventricular conduction abnormalities. In 19 patients, histolog- ical analysis revealed chordal tissue, but only two patients developed mild tricuspid regurgitation. We observed ﬁve cases of coronary artery ﬁstulae. The clinical outcomes were favorable in all cases. Conclusion. EMB proved to be a suitable, safe method to monitor rejection after HT.
[Show full text]
Correlation with Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Determined by Radionudide Ventriculography
J AM cou, CARDIOl 417 1983.1(2):417-20 Reliability of Bedside Evaluation in Determining Left Ventricular Function: Correlation With Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Determined by Radionudide Ventriculography STEVEN J. MATTLEMAN, MD, A-HAMID HAKKI, MD, ABDULMASSIH S. ISKANDRIAN, MD, FACC, BERNARD L. SEGAL, MD, FACC, SALLY A. KANE, RN Philadelphia. Pennsylvania Ninety-nine patients with chronic coronary artery dis• correctly predicted in only 19 patients (53%) in group ease were prospectively evaluated to determine the reo 2 and in only 9 patients (47%) in group 3. Stepwiselinear liability of historical, physical, electrocardiographic and regression analysis was performed. The single most pre• radiologic data in predicting left ventricular ejection dictive variable was cardiomegaly as seen on chest roent• fraction. The left ventricular ejection fraction measured genography (R2 = 0.52). Four optimal predictive vari• by radionuclide angiography was normal (:::::50%) in 44 ables-cardiomegaly, myocardial infarction as seen on patients (group 1) and abnormal «50%) in 55 patients; electrocardiography, dyspnea and rales-could explain 36 of those 55 patients had an ejection fraction between only 61% of the observed variables in left ventricular 30 and 49% (group 2) and the remaining 19 patients ejection fraction. Thus, radionuclide ventriculography had an ejection fraction of less than 30% (group 3). adds significantly to the discriminant power of the clin• The ejection fraction was correctly predicted in 33 of ical, radiographic and electrocardiographic character• the 44 patients (75%) in group 1 and in 47 of the 55 ization of ventricular function in patients with chronic patients (85%) with abnormal ejection fraction (groups coronary heart disease.
[Show full text]
Outcomes of Mechanical Circulatory Support for Giant Cell Myocarditis: a Systematic Review
Journal of Clinical Medicine Article Outcomes of Mechanical Circulatory Support for Giant Cell Myocarditis: A Systematic Review Preeyal M. Patel 1, Abhiraj Saxena 1, Chelsey T. Wood 1, Thomas J. O’Malley 2 , Elizabeth J. Maynes 2, John W. C. Entwistle 2, H. Todd Massey 2, Preethi R. Pirlamarla 3, René J. Alvarez 3, Leslie T. Cooper 4 , J. Eduardo Rame 2 and Vakhtang Tchantchaleishvili 2,* 1 Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; [email protected] (P.M.P.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (C.T.W.) 2 Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; [email protected] (T.J.O.); [email protected] (E.J.M.); john.entwistle@jefferson.edu (J.W.C.E.); howard.massey@jefferson.edu (H.T.M.); eduardo.rame@jefferson.edu (J.E.R.) 3 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; preethi.pirlamarla@jefferson.edu (P.R.P.); rene.alvarez@jefferson.edu (R.J.A.) 4 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: vakhtang.tchantchaleishvili@jefferson.edu; Tel.: +1-215-955-6996; Fax: +1-215-955-6010 Received: 20 October 2020; Accepted: 23 November 2020; Published: 1 December 2020 Abstract: Treatment of giant cell myocarditis (GCM) can require bridging to orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) or recovery with mechanical circulatory support (MCS). Since the roles of MCS and immunotherapy are not well-defined in GCM, we sought to analyze outcomes of patients with GCM who required MCS.
[Show full text]
Technique of Endomyocardial Biopsy-Including a Description of a New Form of Endomyocardial Bioptome P
Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.51.595.282 on 1 May 1975. Downloaded from Postgraduate Medical Journal (May 1975) 51, 282-285. Technique of endomyocardial biopsy-including a description of a new form of endomyocardial bioptome P. J. RICHARDSON M.R.C.P. Department of Cardiology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London SE5 9RS THE technique of endomyocardial biopsy which was the routine manner to the right atrium. The Konno developed by Konno and Sakakibara, 1963, and was catheter is rather rigid and, because of this, one has further reported by Sekiguchi and Konno, 1969; to produce a bend in the catheter before the instru- Konno, Sekiguchi and Sakakibara, 1971, and ment is introduced, otherwise difficulties may be Somers et al., 1971, has meant that it is now possible experienced in manipulating the catheter tip through to study the myocardium of patients suspected of the tricuspid valve. having intrinsic abnormality of the muscle structure We have found that manipulation in the right by histological, histochemical and electron micro- atrium on occasions may produce a series of atrial scopic examination. This is particularly applicable dysrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation, nodal to the cardiomyopathies, and it is in this context rhythm and supraventricular tachycardia, as the that the majority of biopsies which we have per- catheter impinges against the atrial wall. formed have been done (Table 1). The advantage of When it is thought that the catheter is positioned in a suitable place in the right ventricle to obtain a copyright. TABLE 1. Suspected clinical diagnoses myocardial sample, it is essential to check the site of the catheter tip.
[Show full text]
| Hai Lama Mtandao Wa Wananchi Wana Haiti
|HAI LAMA MTANDAO US009757411B2WA WANANCHI WANA HAITI (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No. : US 9 ,757 ,411 B2 Emanuele et al. ( 45) Date of Patent: Sep. 12, 2017 ( 54 ) POLOXAMER THERAPY FOR HEART 5 ,080 , 894 A 1 / 1992 Hunter .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 424 / 83 5 ,089 , 260 A 2 / 1992 Hunter .. 424 / 83 FAILURE 5 ,523 , 492 A 6 / 1996 Emanuele et al . .. .. .. 568 /606 5 ,567 , 859 A 10 / 1996 Emanuele et al . 568 /624 @(71 ) Applicant : Mast Therapeutics , Inc . , San Diego , 5 ,605 ,687 A 2 / 1997 Lee . 424 /78 . 06 CA (US ) 5 ,691 , 387 A 11/ 1997 Emanuele et al . .. .. .. .. 568 / 723 5 ,696 , 298 A 12 / 1997 Emanuele et al. .. .. 568 /623 @(72 ) Inventors : R . Martin Emanuele , San Diego , CA 5 , 800 , 711 A 9 / 1998 Reeve et al. 210 /639 5 ,990 ,241 A 11/ 1999 Emanuele et al . .. 525 / 88 (US ) ; Santosh Vetticaden , San Diego , RE36 ,665 E 4 /2000 Emanuele et al. 568 /624 CA (US ) ; Patrick Keran , Cardiff , CA RE37 , 285 E 7 / 2001 Emanuele et al. 514 / 723 (US ) 6 , 359, 014 B1 3 / 2002 Emanuele et al. 514 / 723 6 , 747 , 064 B2 6 / 2004 Emanuele et al. 514 / 44 @( 73 ) Assignee : Aires Pharmaceuticals , Inc. , Austin , RE38 , 558 E 7 / 2004 Emanuele et al. .. .. .. .. 568 /623 6 ,761 , 824 B2 7 / 2004 Reeve et al. .. .. .. .. .. .. 210 /639 TX (US ) 6 , 977, 045 B2 12 / 2005 Reeve et al . .. .. .. .. 210 /639 7 , 846 , 426 B2 12 / 2010 Metzger et al. .. .. .. 424 / 78 . 38 ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 8 ,372 , 387 B2 2 / 2013 Markham et al.
[Show full text]