International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Involvement of p38 MAPK in Synaptic Function and Dysfunction Chiara Falcicchia 1 , Francesca Tozzi 2, Ottavio Arancio 3, Daniel Martin Watterson 4 and Nicola Origlia 1,* 1 Institute of Neuroscience, Italian National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
[email protected] 2 Bio@SNS laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
[email protected] 3 Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
[email protected] 4 Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +39-050-3153193 Received: 6 July 2020; Accepted: 5 August 2020; Published: 6 August 2020 Abstract: Many studies have revealed a central role of p38 MAPK in neuronal plasticity and the regulation of long-term changes in synaptic efficacy, such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). However, p38 MAPK is classically known as a responsive element to stress stimuli, including neuroinflammation. Specific to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), several studies have shown that the p38 MAPK cascade is activated either in response to the Aβ peptide or in the presence of tauopathies. Here, we describe the role of p38 MAPK in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and its implication in an animal model of neurodegeneration. In particular, recent evidence suggests the p38 MAPK α isoform as a potential neurotherapeutic target, and specific inhibitors have been developed and have proven to be effective in ameliorating synaptic and memory deficits in AD mouse models.