Hindu-Arabic Numerals

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The Hindu-Arabic Numerals European Digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Devanāgarī Digit ० १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ ۷ ۸ ۹ ٦ ٥ ٤ East Arabic Digits ۰ ۱ ۲ ۳ Arabic Variant ۴ ۵ ۶ Unfortunately, I do not have unicode fonts containing West Arabic digits. These are closer to the European digits. Below are some more variations in my unicode font. European Digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mongolian Digit ᠐ ᠑ ᠒ ᠓ ᠔ ᠕ ᠖ ᠗ ᠘ ᠙ Tibetan Digit ༠ ༡ ༢ ༣ ༤ ༥ ༦ ༧ ༨ ༩ Thai Digit ๐ ๑ ๒ ๓ ๔ ๕ ๖ ๗ ๘ ๙ Abjad Numerals Before, and alongside the Hindu-Arabic numerals, Arabic writers use a system based on Arabic letters. This sytem is very similar to the Greek Ionian system. It is based on the old order of letters called the Abjad order. Today Arabic letters are ordered in a different way based partly on similarity of form. In addition, Hebrew numerals are based on Hebrew letters. The close similarity between the Arabic system and the earlier Hebrew system is apparent in the table below. In both systems letters and numerals are written right to left. Note: The term abjad is sometimes used for a writing system that represents consonants, while an alphabet is used for a writing system that represents vowels and consonants. Others use alphabet for both types. Also note, Arabic does use letters to indicate long vowels. ā or 1 א ʼ alef 1 ﺍ ʼalif ʼ b, 2 ב bet 2 ﺏ b bāʼ bh ǧ or ǧīm g, 3 ג gimel 3 ﺝ j (jīm) gh d, 4 ד dalet 4 ﺩ d dāl dh 5 ה h he 5 ﻩ h hāʼ v, 6 ו vav 6 ﻭ w, ū wāw w 7 ז z zayin 7 ﺯ z zāy ḥ, 8 ח khet 8 ﺡ ḥ ḥāʼ kh 9 ט ṭ tet 9 ﻁ ṭ ṭāʼ 10 י y yod 10 ﻱ y , ī yāʼ k, 20 כ kaf 20 ﻙ k kāf kh 30 ל l lamed 30 ﻝ l lām 40 מ m mem 40 ﻡ m mīm 50 נ n nun 50 ﻥ n nūn 60 ס s samekh 60 ﺱ s sīn 70 ע ʻ ayin 70 ﻉ ʻ ʻayn p, 80 פ pe, fe 80 ﻑ f fāʼ f 90 צ ts tsadi 90 ﺹ ṣ ṣād k, 100 ק qof 100 ﻕ q qāf q 200 ר r resh 200 ﺭ r rāʼ š or š, 300 ש shin 300 ﺵ šīn sh sh 400 ת t tav 400 ﺕ t tāʼ ת"ק ṯ or kaf) 500) 500 ﺙ ṯāʼ ך th or ת"ר mem) 600) 600 ﺥ kh ḫāʼ ם or ת"ש ḏ or nun) 700) 700 ﺫ ḏāl ן dh or ת"ת pe, fe) 800) 800 ﺽ ḍ ḍād ף or תת"ק ẓ or תת"ק ẓ or tsadi) 900) 900 ﻅ ẓāʼ ץ ḍh or ġ or 1000 ﻍ ġayn gh In Russia and some other Slavic nations, the Cyrillic alphabet was used for numerals in a system based on the Ionic numeral system. Peter the Great replaced it with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system in the 1700s. (Developed 2005-2006 by Professor Wayne Aitken for Math 330)..

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