Modernity Through Syncretism and Eclecticism: Wu Guanzhong's Artistic Practice in the Cultural and Political Environment of Th

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Modernity Through Syncretism and Eclecticism: Wu Guanzhong's Artistic Practice in the Cultural and Political Environment of Th 0 MODERNITY THROUGH SYNCRETISM AND ECLECTICISM: WU GUANZHONG’S ARTISTIC PRACTICE IN THE CULTURAL AND POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE PRC (1949 -1989) BY WENWEN LIU A thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Victoria University of Wellington 2019 Acknowledgments I wish to express my great gratitude to my supervisors Dr Luo Hui and Dr Dennitza Gabrakova for their wise guidance and full-hearted support. I also wish to express my great appreciation to Dr Rebecca Rice, Dr Ellen Soulliere and Dr Lidu Yi for their detailed and insightful comments on this thesis. I owe my special thanks to Professor Yiyan Wang, Professor Clunas Craig, Dr Keren Chiaroni, Dr Catherine Churchman, and Peter HaJecek for their helpful suggestions. This thesis is dedicated to my husband Liu Xin. Had it not been his love, this thesis would not have come to fruition. Abstract This thesis examines Wu Guanzhong’s 吴冠中 (1919-2010) art and art theory in the context of socialist and post-socialist China. Wu’s art came to maturation through a sophisticated syncretism of Chinese and Western painting styles and techniques. Aesthetic considerations notwithstanding, each of Wu’s artistic breakthroughs was also a direct response to the cultural policies of the Chinese Communist Party or to the larger cultural and political currents at important junctures of twentieth-century China. Mirroring the syncretistic style and political nature of his artwork, Wu’s art theory is characterised by an eclecticism that mediates between Chinese and Western artistic concepts and walks a thin line between creative agency and political correctness. By identifying the particular qualities of Wu’s art practice that captured the spirit of the 1980s and contributed to his phenomenal success during the ‘Culture Fever’ at the time, this thesis seeks to demonstrate how Wu’s unique blend of syncretism may exemplify an alternative path of Chinese artistic modernity, one that is forged by ‘official artists’ working within the system and shaped by the artists’ strategies of cultural politics as much as their aesthetic choices. Key Words syncretism, eclecticism, xiesheng, multiple perspectives, self-expression, literati painting, yijing, formal aesthetics, the aesthetics of abstraction Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 23 TOWARDS A SYNCRETISM OF WESTERN AND CHINESE PAINTING (1936-1950) .............. 23 1.1 In Hangzhou: Exposure to Western and Chinese Painting ......................................................... 24 1.2 In Paris: the Absorption of Modernist Vocabulary ..................................................................... 33 CHAPTER 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 42 ARTISTIC CHOICE AS RESPONSE TO THE CULTURAL POLICIES OF THE PRC (1950-1976) ............................................................................................................................................................... 42 2.1 Socialist Realism and the PRC’s Cultural Policies as Context ................................................... 44 2.2 The Relaxed Political Environment and the Xiesheng Movement in the 1950s ........................ 49 2.3 Multiple Perspectives and Wu Guanzhong’s Xiesheng Practice ................................................ 56 2.4 Change to Ink in the 1970s ......................................................................................................... 64 2.5 Wu Guanzhong and Zao Wou-ki: Same Ingredients, Different Syncretism .............................. 71 CHAPTER 3 .......................................................................................................................................... 78 ARTISTIC MATURATION: MODERNISING LITERATI PAINTING IN 1980s CHINA ............... 78 3.1 Literati Painting and Self-Expression ......................................................................................... 80 3.2 Wu Guanzhong’s Modern Interpretation of YiJing .................................................................... 90 3.3 The Realisation of YiJing through the Motif of Hometown ....................................................... 96 3.4 Treescape and the Importance of Subject Choice ..................................................................... 106 CHAPTER 4 ........................................................................................................................................ 110 THE AESTHETIC & POLITICAL DIMENSIONS OF WU GUANZHONG’S ART THEORY ..... 110 4.1 The Political Rhetoric in Wu Guanzhong’s Formal Aesthetics ................................................ 112 4.2 Political Correctness in Wu Guanzhong’s Formal Aesthetics .................................................. 119 4.3 Painting as Political Balancing Act ........................................................................................... 129 CHAPTER 5 ........................................................................................................................................ 133 PATRIOTISM THROUGH ECLECTICISM ..................................................................................... 133 IN 1980S CHINESE CULTURAL DISCOURSE .............................................................................. 133 5.1 Wu Guanzhong’s Aesthetics of Abstraction ............................................................................. 134 5.2 The Reception of Wu Guanzhong’s Aesthetics of Abstraction ................................................ 144 5.3 Patriotism through Eclecticism ................................................................................................. 150 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................... 159 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................... 164 APPENDIX 1 ...................................................................................................................................... 180 APPENDIX 2 ...................................................................................................................................... 181 1 INTRODUCTION Research Question I was not familiar with Wu Guanzhong’s 吴冠中 (1919-2010) work until I was commissioned to write an article upon his death in 2010 for Art and Design Magazine in BeiJing. During my research to acquire information to better understand his art style, I began to feel refreshed by the ethereal colouring and modern-style composition of his ink landscape paintings. For me, Wu’s ink style was fundamentally different from any other style that I had seen in classical Chinese ink paintings. His paintings looked modern, yet not overtly abstract, to the extent that sometimes audiences had difficulty recognizing the artwork’s connection with reality. It seemed that Wu’s art was leading me to a bridge, that he had subtly built, with his own vocabulary, between Chinese ink painting and Western modernist art. It was just an inkling that I had, while browsing Wu’s exhibition catalogues. This planted the seed of my doctoral research. While I was rethinking modern Chinese art history from this perspective, the subtle tonality of Wu’s ink paintings came to mind. Then, during my exploration of the literature about him, I started to realize the challenges in choosing him as a research subject. At a first glance, Wu was not an artist who had the most dramatic life and career. He never experienced the seismic career ups and downs of someone like Shi Lu ⽯鲁 (1919-1982). Wu never had extensive connections with art theorists and did not leave behind intriguing records for scholars to study, in the manner of Huang Binhong 黄宾虹 (1865-1955) and his friendship with Fu Lei 傅雷 (1908-1966). In terms of reputation, Wu did not in his lifetime gain the same heights of critical accolade or official endorsement as those gained by Lin Fengmian 林风眠 (1900-1991), Xu Beihong 徐悲鸿 (1895-1953) or Pan Tianshou 潘天寿 (1897-1971). And yet, Wu appeared to be one of those Chinese artists who experienced almost every political turbulence of the 20th century and happened to survive. He seemed to be one of those artists who failed to show any individualism strong enough to gain the 2 interest of art historians and critics, and this prevented his artistic journey from passionate critical appraisal or rigorous scholarly investigation. As I began to think about Chinese art more from the perspective of its subtlety, I sensed that a mine like Wu may not look bountiful at first sight, but still could be worthy of some digging. During the process of literature review, a fuller image of the artist gradually began to emerge. My preliminary research revealed a few interesting prospects. First, Wu’s art style came into fruition after a long gestation period. He began with a singular passion for art but with a stronger interest in Western modernist-style figure painting in oils. As his career developed, however, what gained him considerable reputation were his landscapes in ink and colour. What kept him from pursuing the path of the Western
Recommended publications
  • (Chen Qiulin), 25F a Cheng, 94F a Xian, 276 a Zhen, 142F Abso
    Index Note: “f ” with a page number indicates a figure. Anti–Spiritual Pollution Campaign, 81, 101, 102, 132, 271 Apartment (gongyu), 270 “......” (Chen Qiulin), 25f Apartment art, 7–10, 18, 269–271, 284, 305, 358 ending of, 276, 308 A Cheng, 94f internationalization of, 308 A Xian, 276 legacy of the guannian artists in, 29 A Zhen, 142f named by Gao Minglu, 7, 269–270 Absolute Principle (Shu Qun), 171, 172f, 197 in 1980s, 4–5, 271, 273 Absolution Series (Lei Hong), 349f privacy and, 7, 276, 308 Abstract art (chouxiang yishu), 10, 20–21, 81, 271, 311 space of, 305 Abstract expressionism, 22 temporary nature of, 305 “Academic Exchange Exhibition for Nationwide Young women’s art and, 24 Artists,” 145, 146f Apolitical art, 10, 66, 79–81, 90 Academicism, 78–84, 122, 202. See also New academicism Appearance of Cross Series (Ding Yi), 317f Academic realism, 54, 66–67 Apple and thinker metaphor, 175–176, 178, 180–182 Academic socialist realism, 54, 55 April Fifth Tian’anmen Demonstration (Li Xiaobin), 76f Adagio in the Opening of Second Movement, Symphony No. 5 April Photo Society, 75–76 (Wang Qiang), 108f exhibition, 74f, 75 Adam and Eve (Meng Luding), 28 Architectural models, 20 Aestheticism, 2, 6, 10–11, 37, 42, 80, 122, 200 Architectural preservation, 21 opposition to, 202, 204 Architectural sites, ritualized space in, 11–12, 14 Aesthetic principles, Chinese, 311 Art and Language group, 199 Aesthetic theory, traditional, 201–202 Art education system, 78–79, 85, 102, 105, 380n24 After Calamity (Yang Yushu), 91f Art field (yishuchang), 125 Agree
    [Show full text]
  • Research on the Propagation Effect of the Painters Art in the Tang Dynasty
    2019 3rd International Workshop on Arts, Culture, Literature and Language (IWACLL 2019) Research on the propagation effect of the painters art in the Tang Dynasty Jin Xiaoyun Art College of Gansu University of Political Science and Law, Lanzhou 730070, China Keywords: Tang Dynasty; painters art; spread; effect; research Abstract: As the highest peak of feudal society development in Chinese history, the glory of the Tang Dynasty is reflected in all aspects, and painting is part of it. Throughout the painters art in the Tang Dynasty, the magnificent and positive spirits are revealed everywhere. It is one of the most brilliant pearls in the history of Chinese art, and it has written generous colour for the splendor of world culture. The creative environment of the Tang Dynasty painters was relatively free and there were many ways of communication. Therefore, many famous art and works were spread at that time, which had a great impact on the people at that time and in later generations. This paper mainly studies the spread and effect of the painters art in the Tang Dynasty. 1. Introduction The Tang Dynasty has achieved unprecedented development in economic, political, and cultural aspects, and which constituted the prosperous Tang Dynasty that the Chinese nation is proud of. The art of painting also showed an unprecedented prosperity in the Tang Dynasty. The painters art of the Tang Dynasty was supported by the famous masters of the Tang Dynasty. Because of the powerful national power and prosperous economy, the scale and artistic reached the level that the former generation could not match.
    [Show full text]
  • Montreal Architectural Review
    Montreal Architectural Review Between Dream and Shadow: The Aesthetic Change Embodied by the Garden of Lion Grove Hui Zou University of Florida Abstract During the late 18th century, the Chinese emperor Qianlong ordered the construction of the Garden of Lion Grove and the Western Garden within his garden complex of Yuanmingyuan in Beijing. His Garden of Lion Grove was an imitation of the original Garden of Lion Grove in Suzhou, which was well known for its rockery labyrinth. Comparing the original Lion Grove and its replicas through poetry and architectural representation, Qianlong sought for truth of the cosmic world. My previous research has uncovered the cross-cultural history regarding the design of the Western Garden within the Yuanmingyuan. This essay translates and interprets the poems and garden records of the Lion Grove in Suzhou to reveal the aesthetic change of the garden from the original Buddhist Chan (Zen) idea of the Yuan dynasty to the secular labyrin- thine ecstasy of the Qing dynasty. The labyrinthine theatricality of the Lion Groves, including the original one and its replicas, was well documented by Qianlong through his poems and his frequent reference to master painter Ni Zan’s painting scroll of the Lion Grove in Suzhou. The essay draws a conclusion that the MAR Volume 5, 2018 6 Hui Zou | Montreal Architectural Review : Vol. 5, 2018 aesthetic transition from Buddhist Chan (Zen) to labyrinthine ecstasy at the Lion Grove in Suzhou took place in a particularly historical age, namely the Ming dynasty, when the philosophical issues of dream and fantasy became trendy in Chinese gardens and garden literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Wu Guanzhong's Artistic Career Yong Zhang1,*
    Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 572 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education (ICADCE 2021) Wu Guanzhong's Artistic Career Yong Zhang1,* 1 State Specialist Institute of Arts, Rezervnyy Proyezd, D.12, Moscow, 121165 Russia *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Combining with Wu Guanzhong's learning experience, this paper analyzes Chinese oil painting art characteristics in different periods, and the method of integrating traditional Chinese ink and wash painting language with the western modern design language in the aspects such as modelling, colour and composition. Wu Guanzhong successfully used western painting method to show the Oriental artistic conception, and formed unique composition views and forms. With the use of concise and simple colors and free-writing lines, the painter's personal emotions, thoughts and standpoint and deep understanding of life can be expressed. On the basis of in-depth research on the essence, connotation and thought of Chinese and Western art, Wu Guanzhong found the "junction" of the integration of Chinese and Western art. Keywords: Wu Guanzhong, Hangzhou Academy of Art, Ink and wash painting, Oil painting, Integration of Chinese and Western art. 1. INTRODUCTION Wu Guanzhong entered Hangzhou Academy of Art to study Chinese and Western paintings. In the Wu Guanzhong (1919-2010), the People's school, he received direct guidance from teachers Artist, Art Educator, and Professor of the Academy such as Li Chaoshi, Fang Ganmin, and Pan of Arts and Design of Tsinghua University, used to Tianshou. Li Chaoshi and Fang Ganmin are both be an executive director of the Chinese Artists teachers who have returned from studying in Association, a member of the Standing Committee France, but their styles of painting are different.
    [Show full text]
  • PM0705-38 Pgsc4,C1-11.Qxd
    ★ BALTIMORE TATTOO ARTS ★ MATEO SIGWERTH ★ ATLANTA’S SILVER FOX TATTOO ★ BUYER’S GUIDE FOR BODY MODIFICATION PROFESSIONALS JULY 2018 #194 USA $10.00 Canada $10.00 Publications Mail Agreement #40069018 staff JULY Publisher Ralph Garza ISSUE 194 ISSUE Editor-In-Chief R Cantu Account Executive Jennifer Orellana [email protected] 505-332-3003 Managing Editor Sandy Caputo [email protected] Art Director SOM Remy [email protected] 14 12 Silver Fox Tattoo Show Feature: Contributing Writers Tiny Homes Elayne Angel David Pogge 16 Austin Ray Darin Burt Tanya Madden Spotlight Ask Angel 34 Show Expo 34 Executive Assistant 30 Spotlight: Richard DePreist [email protected] Neilmed 505-275-6049 Baltimore Tattoo 38 Arts Convention Artist Gallery Baltimore Tattoo 9901PAIN MagazineAcoma Rd. SE Arts Convention Albuquerque, NM 87123 [email protected] 40 General Inquiries: PAINful Classic: [email protected] www.painmag.com Everyone Loves Pub Subs www.facebook.com/painmagazine Artist Profile Subscriptions: [email protected] 36-37 Printed in Canada Mateo Sigwerth Publications Mail Agreement #40069018 Return undeliverable Canadian addresses to: 737 Moray St., Winnipeg MB, Canada, R3J 3S9 advertisersindex contacts 505-275-6510 Fax Body Art Solutions 41 Nat-A-Tat2 39 505-275-6049 Editorial Body Shock 11 Needlejig 27 cover sponsor Desert Palms Emu Ranch 17 Neilmed Aftercare Front Cover 34 Eternal Ink 4 Painful Pleasures 5, 13, 29, Inside Back Cover NeilMed NeilcleanseNeilmed Piercing Aftercare saline spray is Face and Body 35 Papa Tattoo Supply 6 isotonic, drug free, preservative free, no burning or stinging. Sterile saline solution that cleanses minor Exposed Temptations Tattoo New Artist 21 Papillons Tattoo Supply 7 wounds and scrapes without any burning or stinging.
    [Show full text]
  • Singapore Airlines Flies
    JOURNALS china A N E T Following in M O the footsteps of China’s ancient P U roving royalty, TOM O’MALLEY E R discovers how the inspection R tours of old helped establish a O O template for travel in the Middle R’ F Kingdom today. S C H I N A A pedestrian bridge over West Lake cuts A a fine silhouette against a backdrop of stormy skies and undulating mountains in Hangzhou. 70 | SILVERKRIS.COM SILVERKRIS.COM | 71 JOURNALS china nlookers in scroll painting. Qianlong sacrifices and generally fine robes line was the sixth emperor of remind the provinces the edge of the the Qing Dynasty, ruling who’s boss. water as the from 1735 to 1796 in what Strictly speaking, a tourist magnificent was considered a golden is defined as one who travels Obarge cuts through the canal. age, where he beefed up for pleasure, but Qianlong In the background I spy grand China’s economy, expanded clearly had plenty of business pagodas and walled gardens its borders, and enhanced to take care of on route. And overhung by native ornamental cultural and intellectual life. yet, both Kangxi and Qianlong scholar trees. Elaborate He’s also, to my mind, China’s commissioned a set of 12 theatrical performances unfold greatest tourist. humongous scrolls – surely on stages along the shore, Qianlong and his the 18th century equivalent and the great Chang Gate in grandfather Kangxi revived of travel photography – to Suzhou, the Venice of the East, an Imperial tradition that recount the story of this stands ready to receive its most had fallen out of favour with ultimate pleasure cruise.
    [Show full text]
  • Powers C.V. November 20 2020
    March, 2020 Martin Joseph Powers Professor Emeritus, University of Michigan E-mail: [email protected] Education: Ph.D. 1978 University of Chicago, Department of Art History M.A. 1974 University of Chicago, Department of Art History B.A. 1972 Shimer College, Illinois Professional Employment: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 1999-2018 Sally Michelson Davidson Professor of Chinese Arts and Cultures, 1988 – 1999 Associate Professor, Department of the History of Art University of California, Los Angeles 1985-1988 Associate Professor, Department of Art History 1978-1985 Assistant Professor, Department of Art History 1977-1978 Visiting Professor, Department of Art History Awards; Appointments: 2020, Jan.—Dec. Honorary Professor, Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts 10/1/19—6/15/2020 Visiting Professor, University of Chicago 1/1/19-6/15/19 Visiting Professor, University of Chicago 10/1/17-05/16/18 Visiting Professor, University of Chicago 2013 (Spring) The China Academy of Art, the Pan Tianshou Memorial Lectures (4) 2012 (Spring) Tsinghua University, the Wang Guowei Memorial Lectures (8) 2011 Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts Mellon Fellow, declined. 2008-2009 Fellow, School of Historical Studies, Princeton Institute for Advanced Study 2008 Joseph Levenson Prize for the best book on pre-1900 China 2006 - 2009 Member, CASVA Board of Advisors 2007 Innaurugal lecture, Shih Hsio-yen Endowed Lecture Series, Hong Kong University 2006 – 2008 (Summer) Visiting Professor, History Department, Tsinghua University 2005 (Summer) Weilun Visiting Professor, History, Tsinghua University 2000 (Summer) Resident Faculty, Summer Institute for World Art Studies, University of East Anglia 1999-2018 Sally Michelson Davidson Professor of Chinese Arts and Cultures 1997 The Sammy Lee Endowed Lecture, U.C.L.A.
    [Show full text]
  • China Daily 0803 D6.Indd
    life CHINA DAILY CHINADAILY.COM.CN/LIFE FRIDAY, AUGUST 3, 2012 | PAGE 18 Li Keran bucks market trend The artist has become a favorite at auction and his works are fetching record prices. But overall, the Chinese contemporary art market has cooled, Lin Qi reports in Beijing. i Keran (1907-89) took center and how representative the work is, in addi- stage at the spring sales with tion to the art publications and catalogues it two historic works both cross- has appeared in.” ing the 100 million yuan ($16 Though a record was set by Wan Shan million) threshold. Hong Bian, two other important paintings by His 1974 painting of former Li were unsold, which came as no surprise for Lchairman Mao Zedong’s residence in Sha- art collectors like Yan An. oshan, the revolutionary holy land in Hunan “Both big players and new buyers are bid- province, fetched 124 million yuan at China ding for the best works of the blue-chip art- Guardian, in May. ists, while the market can’t provide as many Th ree weeks later his large-scale blockbust- top-notch artworks and provide the reduced er of 1964, Wan Shan Hong Bian (Th ousands risks that people expect. of Hills in a Crimsoned View), was sold for a “Th is is because in the face of an unclear personal record of 293 million yuan at Poly market, cautious owners would rather keep International Auction. those items, which achieved skyscraping Li, a prominent figure in 20th-century prices, rather than fl ip them at auction,” Yan Chinese art, is recognized for innovating the says.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright Protection for Tattoos: Are Tattoos Copies? Michael C
    Notre Dame Law Review Volume 90 | Issue 4 Article 12 5-2015 Copyright Protection for Tattoos: Are Tattoos Copies? Michael C. Minahan Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr Part of the Intellectual Property Commons Recommended Citation Michael C. Minahan, Copyright Protection for Tattoos: Are Tattoos Copies?, 90 Notre Dame L. Rev. 1713 (2014). Available at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr/vol90/iss4/12 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Notre Dame Law Review at NDLScholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Notre Dame Law Review by an authorized administrator of NDLScholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. \\jciprod01\productn\N\NDL\90-4\NDL412.txt unknown Seq: 1 11-MAY-15 13:41 COPYRIGHT PROTECTION FOR TATTOOS: ARE TATTOOS COPIES? Michael C. Minahan* You put a tattoo on yourself with the knowledge that this body is yours to have and enjoy while you’re here. You have fun with it, and nobody else can control (sup- posedly) what you do with it. —Don Ed Hardy1 INTRODUCTION The practice and ritual of tattooing human skin has existed in all parts of the world and in most cultures for thousands of years.2 The modern his- tory of tattooing in Western cultures can be traced to the voyages of Captain James Cook to the South Pacific, where sailors encountered various Polyne- sian tribes among which tattooing was, and remains today, an important cul- tural practice and spiritual ritual.3 When these sailors, many of whom had adorned their bodies with tattoos, returned to Europe, they ignited an inter- est in tattooing known as the “tattoo rage,” which spread through nineteenth- century Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Carbon Payments in the Guanzhong-Tianshui Region To
    Front. Agr. Sci. Eng. 2017, 4(2): 246–253 DOI : 10.15302/J-FASE-2017144 Available online at http://engineering.cae.cn RESEARCH ARTICLE Carbon payments in the Guanzhong–Tianshui region to control land degradation Zixiang ZHOU1,2, Yufeng ZOU (✉)1,2 1 Institute of Water Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China 2 National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Water Efficient Use, Yangling 712100, China Abstract Carbon trading and carbon offset markets are incentives to protect threatened forests[3].Economic potential policy options for mitigating greenhouse gas incentives are required to motivate landowners to invest emissions and climate change. A price on carbon is in ecological reserves (mixed trees and shrubs)[4].Ina expected to generate demand for carbon offsets. In a market-based framework, the carbon price should be high market-based framework, the carbon price should be high enough to compensate for opportunity costs. enough to compensate for opportunity costs. We studied a A large amount carbon is released when forests and highly-modified agricultural system in the Guanzhong– grasslands are cleared, burned and converted to agricul- Tianshui economic region of China that is typical of many tural systems[5]. The carbon supply from agricultural land temperate agricultural zones in western China. We depends on the relative prices for crops and carbon, as well quantified the economic returns from agriculture and from as assumptions around discount rates, growth rates and carbon plantings (both monoculture and ecological costs[6,7]. Richards and Stokes[8] found 250–500 Mt C per plantings) under five carbon-price scenarios.
    [Show full text]
  • Art Market Trends Tendances Du Marché De L'art
    Art market trends Tendances du marché de l'art THE WORLD LEADER IN ART MARKET INFORMATION Art market trends Tendances du marché de l'art 2005 $ 4.15 billion (€ 3.38 billion) 3.38 (€ billion 4.15 $ worldwide: auctions Art Fine at Turnover offer. on lots 320,000 of volume stable practically billion, vs. 3.6 $ billion the previous year, In despite 2005 the a turnover for record-breaking! Fine are gures Art sales fi The exceeded 4 $ well. so performed never has market art international The a million dollars, compared with compared in only 393 2004 dollars, a and million than more for hammer the under went lots 477 than less into of a rise sales 1 multiplication $ exceeding No million 19% the from translated ation on in recorded infl 2004. price This following already year, last 10.4%* of increase came on the of back a progression price incredible This Tendances du marché de l'art de marché du Tendances Art market trends trends market Art Artprice Global Index: Paris - New York - London (1994 - 2005) Base January 1994 = 100 - Quarterly data Artprice Indices are calculated with the Repeated Sales method (Econometric calculations on sales/resales of similar works) 10 000 $, 10 et 56% en deçà de 000 $.2 Ce segment est en 2005 en publiques ventes ont adjugés été moins de cette cette année, faisant suite aux d’affaires 19% mondial, de une hausse élévation déjà des A prix l’origine de de cette 10,4% incroyable progression du chiffre (3,38 d’euro) dollars de milliards milliards 4,15 : mondiales enchères Artaux Fine de ventes des Produit présentés.
    [Show full text]
  • Behind the Thriving Scene of the Chinese Art Market -- a Research
    Behind the thriving scene of the Chinese art market -- A research into major market trends at Chinese art market, 2006- 2011 Lifan Gong Student Nr. 360193 13 July 2012 [email protected] Supervisor: Dr. F.R.R.Vermeylen Second reader: Dr. Marilena Vecco Master Thesis Cultural economics & Cultural entrepreneurship Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication Erasmus University Rotterdam 1 Abstract Since 2006, the Chinese art market has amazed the world with an unprecedented growth rate. Due to its recent emergence and disparity from the Western art market, it remains an indispensable yet unfamiliar subject for the art world. This study penetrates through the thriving scene of the Chinese art market, fills part of the gap by presenting an in-depth analysis of its market structure, and depicts the route of development during 2006-2011, the booming period of the Chinese art market. As one of the most important and largest emerging art markets, what are the key trends in the Chinese art market from 2006 to 2011? This question serves as the main research question that guides throughout the research. To answer this question, research at three levels is unfolded, with regards to the functioning of the Chinese art market, the geographical shift from west to east, and the market performance of contemporary Chinese art. As the most vibrant art category, Contemporary Chinese art is chosen as the focal art sector in the empirical part since its transaction cover both the Western and Eastern art market and it really took off at secondary art market since 2005, in line with the booming period of the Chinese art market.
    [Show full text]