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The Tunnels in Gaza February 2015 the Tunnels in Gaza Testimony Before the UN Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict Dr
Dr. Eado Hecht 1 The Tunnels in Gaza February 2015 The Tunnels in Gaza Testimony before the UN Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict Dr. Eado Hecht The list of questions is a bit repetitive so I have decided to answer not directly to each question but in a comprehensive topical manner. After that I will answer specifically a few of the questions that deserve special emphasis. At the end of the text is an appendix of photographs, diagrams and maps. Sources of Information 1. Access to information on the tunnels is limited. 2. I am an independent academic researcher and I do not have access to information that is not in the public domain. All the information is based on what I have gleaned from unclassified sources that have appeared in the public media over the years – listing them is impossible. 3. The accurate details of the exact location and layout of all the tunnels are known only by the Hamas and partially by Israeli intelligence services and the Israeli commanders who fought in Gaza last summer. 4. Hamas, in order not to reveal its secrets to the Israelis, has not released almost any information on the tunnels themselves except in the form of psychological warfare intended to terrorize Israeli civilians or eulogize its "victory" for the Palestinians: the messages being – the Israelis did not get all the tunnels and we are digging more and see how sophisticated our tunnel- digging operation is. These are carefully sanitized so as not to reveal information on locations or numbers. -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents Page V. The Threat to Israel’s Civilian Population and Israel’s Civil Defense Measures ............106 A. Life under the Threat of Terrorist Rocket Fire and Cross-Border Tunnel Attacks .................................................................................................................106 B. Israel’s Civil Defence Measures against Rocket and Mortar Attacks .................107 1. Passive Defence Measures .......................................................................107 2. Active Defence Measures (the Iron Dome System) ................................111 C. Harm Caused to Israel’s Civilian Population by Rocket and Mortar Attacks .................................................................................................................112 1. Civilian Deaths and Injuries.....................................................................112 2. Effects on Children, Teenagers and College Students .............................118 3. Effect on the Elderly and People with Disabilities ..................................121 4. Internal Displacement ..............................................................................122 5. Psychological Damage .............................................................................125 6. Economic Damage ...................................................................................132 D. Conclusion ...........................................................................................................136 i V. The Threat to Israel’s Civilian Population -
Reprocessing Tender
DIGITAL REC- TIME- ST- LINE- LINE-NAME SURVEY-TYP AREA -SEGY YEAR CLIENT INSTRUMENT LENGT SAMPL INTERV SP-INT FOLD LENGTH 1 80-M-01 Marine TRANSITION ZONE yes 1980 O.E.L. DFS-V-84 24 chan. 5 sec. 2 msec. 60 m. 60 m. 12 73320 m. 2 80-M-03 Marine TRANSITION ZONE yes 1980 O.E.L. DFS-V-84 24 chan. 5 sec. 2 msec. 60 m. 60 m. 12 8700 m. 3 80-M-04 Marine TRANSITION ZONE yes 1980 O.E.L. DFS-V-84 24 chan. 5 sec. 2 msec. 60 m. 60 m. 12 7980 m. 4 89-M-01 Marine DEAD SEA yes 1989 I.N.O.C TELSEIS-5 144 chan. 6 sec. 2 msec. 50 m. 50 m. 60 9300 m. 5 89-M-03 Marine MOR-DEAD SEA yes 1989 I.N.O.C TELSEIS-5 144 chan. 6 sec. 2 msec. 50 m. 50 m. 60 8300 m. 6 89-M-05 Marine MOR-DEAD SEA yes 1989 I.N.O.C TELSEIS-5 144 chan. 6 sec. 2 msec. 40 m. 80 m. 30 5720 m. 7 89-M-07 Marine SDOM-DEAD SEA yes 1989 I.N.O.C TELSEIS-5 144 chan. 6 sec. 2 msec. 50 m. 50 m. 0 16400 m. 8 90-M-08 Marine DEAD SEA-BOKEK yes 1990 I.N.O.C. TELSEIS-5 96 chan. 6 sec. 2 msec. 50 m. 50 m. 48 13950 m. 9 90-M-09 Marine DEAD SEA-BOKEK yes 1990 I.N.O.C. -
Gaza Strip 2020 As-Siafa Mapping Movement and Access Netiv Ha'asara Temporary
Zikim Karmiya No Fishing Zone 1.5 nautical miles Yad Mordekhai January Gaza Strip 2020 As-Siafa Mapping Movement and Access Netiv Ha'asara Temporary Ar-Rasheed Wastewater Treatment Lagoons Sources: OCHA, Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics of Statistics Bureau Central OCHA, Palestinian Sources: Erez Crossing 1 Al-Qarya Beit Hanoun Al-Badawiya (Umm An-Naser) Erez What is known today as the Gaza Strip, originally a region in Mandatory Palestine, was created Width 5.7-12.5 km / 3.5 – 7.7 mi through the armistice agreements between Israel and Egypt in 1949. From that time until 1967, North Gaza Length ~40 km / 24.8 mi Al- Karama As-Sekka the Strip was under Egyptian control, cut off from Israel as well as the West Bank, which was Izbat Beit Hanoun al-Jaker Road Area 365 km2 / 141 m2 Beit Hanoun under Jordanian rule. In 1967, the connection was renewed when both the West Bank and the Gaza Madinat Beit Lahia Al-'Awda Strip were occupied by Israel. The 1993 Oslo Accords define Gaza and the West Bank as a single Sheikh Zayed Beit Hanoun Population 1,943,398 • 48% Under age 17 July 2019 Industrial Zone Ash-Shati Housing Project Jabalia Sderot territorial unit within which freedom of movement would be permitted. However, starting in the camp al-Wazeer Unemployment rate 47% 2019 Q2 Jabalia Camp Khalil early 90s, Israel began a gradual process of closing off the Strip; since 2007, it has enforced a full Ash-Sheikh closure, forbidding exit and entry except in rare cases. Israel continues to control many aspects of Percentage of population receiving aid 80% An-Naser Radwan Salah Ad-Deen 2 life in Gaza, most of its land crossings, its territorial waters and airspace. -
Israeli Settler-Colonialism and Apartheid Over Palestine
Metula Majdal Shams Abil al-Qamh ! Neve Ativ Misgav Am Yuval Nimrod ! Al-Sanbariyya Kfar Gil'adi ZZ Ma'ayan Baruch ! MM Ein Qiniyye ! Dan Sanir Israeli Settler-Colonialism and Apartheid over Palestine Al-Sanbariyya DD Al-Manshiyya ! Dafna ! Mas'ada ! Al-Khisas Khan Al-Duwayr ¥ Huneen Al-Zuq Al-tahtani ! ! ! HaGoshrim Al Mansoura Margaliot Kiryat !Shmona al-Madahel G GLazGzaGza!G G G ! Al Khalsa Buq'ata Ethnic Cleansing and Population Transfer (1948 – present) G GBeGit GHil!GlelG Gal-'A!bisiyya Menara G G G G G G G Odem Qaytiyya Kfar Szold In order to establish exclusive Jewish-Israeli control, Israel has carried out a policy of population transfer. By fostering Jewish G G G!G SG dGe NG ehemia G AGl-NGa'iGmaG G G immigration and settlements, and forcibly displacing indigenous Palestinians, Israel has changed the demographic composition of the ¥ G G G G G G G !Al-Dawwara El-Rom G G G G G GAmG ir country. Today, 70% of Palestinians are refugees and internally displaced persons and approximately one half of the people are in exile G G GKfGar GB!lGumG G G G G G G SGalihiya abroad. None of them are allowed to return. L e b a n o n Shamir U N D ii s e n g a g e m e n tt O b s e rr v a tt ii o n F o rr c e s Al Buwayziyya! NeoG t MG oGrdGecGhaGi G ! G G G!G G G G Al-Hamra G GAl-GZawG iyGa G G ! Khiyam Al Walid Forcible transfer of Palestinians continues until today, mainly in the Southern District (Beersheba Region), the historical, coastal G G G G GAl-GMuGftskhara ! G G G G G G G Lehavot HaBashan Palestinian towns ("mixed towns") and in the occupied West Bank, in particular in the Israeli-prolaimed “greater Jerusalem”, the Jordan G G G G G G G Merom Golan Yiftah G G G G G G G Valley and the southern Hebron District. -
General Assembly Security Council Sixty-Second Session Sixty-Third Year Agenda Items 17 and 18
United Nations A/62/770–S/2008/209 General Assembly Distr.: General 28 March 2008 Security Council Original: English General Assembly Security Council Sixty-second session Sixty-third year Agenda items 17 and 18 The situation in the Middle East Question of Palestine Identical letters dated 27 March 2008 from the Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council I write to inform you regarding the continuation of rocket attacks carried out by Palestinian terrorists in the Gaza Strip against Israeli civilians. Yesterday, Wednesday, 26 March 2008, two Israeli civilians were wounded after Palestinian terrorists in the Gaza Strip fired some 20 Qassam rockets and mortar shells at southern Israel. Both of the victims suffered shrapnel wounds, and nine others were treated for shock. Earlier in the day, a rocket landed in the backyard of a home in a western Negev kibbutz, causing damage to nearby buildings. In addition, an Israeli civilian was lightly wounded when Palestinian terrorists in Gaza fired at a group of farmers near Kibbutz Ein Hashlosha, the same area where a volunteer from Ecuador was killed by terrorist sniper fire in January. The man sustained minor injuries to the eye when one of the bullets struck a water tank, causing shrapnel to spray. As I told the Security Council earlier this week, the perceived quiet and lull in Hamas’s attacks is a complete mirage. Clearly, the rockets out of Gaza have not stopped, and Hamas continues to smuggle and produce more rockets. Thus, Hamas bears complete responsibility for the situation, and in particular indiscriminate rocket attacks against Israeli civilians, which serve no real purpose and are in violation of international law. -
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Income Tax Ordinance [New Version] 5721-1961
Disclaimer : The Following is an unofficial translation, and not necessarily an updated one. The binding version is the official Hebrew text. Readers are consequently advised to consult qualified professional counsel before making any decision in connection with the enactment, which is here presented in translation for their general information only. INCOME TAX ORDINANCE [NEW VERSION] 5721-1961 PART ONE – INTERPRETATION Definitions 1. In this Ordinance – "person" – includes a company and a body of persons, as defined in this section; "house property", in an urban area – within its meaning in the Urban Property Ordinance 1940; "Exchange" – a securities exchange, to which a license was given under section 45 of the Securities Law, or a securities exchange abroad, which was approved by whoever is entitled to approve it under the statutes of the State where it functions, and also an organized market – in Israel or abroad – except when there is an explicitly different provision; "spouse" – a married person who lives and manages a joint household with the person to whom he is married; "registered spouse" – a spouse designated or selected under section 64B; "industrial building ", in an area that is not urban – within its meaning in the Rural Property Tax Ordinance 1942; "retirement age" – the retirement age, within its meaning in the Retirement Age Law 5764-2004; "income" – a person's total income from the sources specified in sections 2 and together with amounts in respect of which any statute provides that they be treated as income for purposes -
I&CT December 2018
INTERNATIONAL December 2018 www.c4israel.org [email protected] “Bring my sons from afar and My daughters from the ends of the earth.” Isaiah 43:6 8 10 3 11 Highlights... Editorial Pg 2 Iran Behind Latest Gaza Crisis Pg 9 70 Years of Aliyah Pg 3 Christian Media Summit 2018 Pg 10 Christians for Israel’s Brazilian Tour Pg 4 Meals for the Poor in Jerusalem Pg 11 Israel - 70 Years of Opportunity Pg 6 First Home in the Homeland News Pg 11 4 6 Festival of Lights Pg 8 Poverty Amongst Jews in Ukraine Pg 12 Israel & Christians Today is the premier publication of Christians for Israel Editorial December 2018 02 Kislev - Tevet 5779 Prayer Points “Look at the Fig Tree” By Pieter Bénard By Andrew Tucker, International Editor, Christians for Israel International Christians for Israel Prayer “Look at the fig tree and all the Coordinator trees” (Luke 21:29) When Jesus was teaching His disciples about the signs of His coming and the ‘end of the age’, He explained that many difficult things would happen in the world and the church before He comes ISRAEL again. Amongst other things, ‘nations will Ÿ Pray for the protection of Israel’s rise against nations’ and ‘kingdoms coastline. The marine commandos are against kingdoms’. It is remarkable how responsible for security on the often Jesus refers to the nations when beaches and monitor all boats describing the last days in Luke 21 and approaching or leaving Israel. Matthew 24. It seems He wanted to Ÿ Pray for protection for the Jewish emphasise the prominent role the nations residents of Judea and Samaria. -
The 2014 Gaza War: the War Israel Did Not Want and the Disaster It Averted
The Gaza War 2014: The War Israel Did Not Want and the Disaster It Averted Hirsh Goodman and Dore Gold, eds. with Lenny Ben-David, Alan Baker, David Benjamin, Jonathan D. Halevi, and Daniel Rubenstein Front Cover Photo: Hamas fires rockets from densely populated Gaza City into Israel on July 15, 2014. The power plant in the Israeli city of Ashkelon is visible in the background. (AFP/Thomas Coex) Back Cover Photo: Hamas terrorists deploy inside a tunnel under the Gaza City neighborhood of Shuja’iya on Aug. 17, 2014. (Anadolu Images/Mustafa Hassona) © 2015 Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 13 Tel Hai Street, Jerusalem, Israel Tel. 972-2-561-9281 Fax. 972-2-561-9112 Email: [email protected] www.jcpa.org Graphic Design: Darren Goldstein ISBN: 978-965-218-125-1 Contents Executive Summary 4 Preface 5 Israel’s Narrative – An Overview 7 Hirsh Goodman Telling the Truth about the 2014 Gaza War 31 Ambassador Dore Gold Israel, Gaza and Humanitarian Law: Efforts to Limit Civilian Casualties 45 Lt. Col. (res.) David Benjamin The Legal War: Hamas’ Crimes against Humanity and Israel’s Right to Self-Defense 61 Ambassador Alan Baker The Limits of the Diplomatic Arena 77 Ambassador Dore Gold Hamas’ Strategy Revealed 89 Lt. Col. (ret.) Jonathan D. Halevi Hamas’ Order of Battle: Weapons, Training, and Targets 109 Lenny Ben-David Hamas’ Tunnel Network: A Massacre in the Making 119 Daniel Rubenstein Hamas’ Silent Partners 131 Lenny Ben-David Gazan Casualties: How Many and Who They Were 141 Lenny Ben-David Key Moments in a 50-Day War: A Timeline 153 Daniel Rubenstein About the Authors 167 About the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 168 3 Executive Summary The Gaza War 2014: The War Israel Did Not Want and the Disaster It Averted is a researched and documented narrative that relates the truth as it happened. -
Baka Jat Baka
This trail is one of 17 paths or trails that deal with the issue of water and peace building between Israeli, Jordanian and Palestinian communities that share a common water source. The routes were planned during 2007 in the framework of the “Good Water Neighbors” project in cooperation with community .representatives as well as the municipalities Neighbors Path The goals of the trails are to: •Raise public awareness of shared water and Baka Jat environment concerns of the communities •Promote cross border cooperation for solving environmental problems •Develop the potential for local eco-tourism Background The “Good Water Neighbors” project was established Baka Al-Gharbiya (“a bouquet of flowers”) is located on in 2001 by “EcoPeace / Friends of the Earth Middle the foothills of the Shomron Mountains, east of the city Baka Jat of Hadera. It is surrounded by agricultural lands to the East” in order to promote local cooperation efforts to north, the Separation Barrier to the east and the Trans- protect the shared water and environment between Israel Highway and additional agricultural lands to the Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian Authority. west. Road No. 574 runs through Baka Al-Gharbia, connecting it to Wadi Ara and the center of the country. “EcoPeace / Friends of the Earth Middle East” is In 2003 Baka and the village of Jat, situated to its a regional environmental organization that works south, were united into one municipality, Baka-Jat. The out of 3 offices, Tel Aviv, Amman and Bethlehem to city has a population of approximately 33,000 Muslim- promote cooperative efforts to protect our shared Arabs, and a total area of 15,000 dunams. -
From Cast Lead to Protective Edge: Lessons from Israel's Wars in Gaza
From Cast Lead to Protective Edge Lessons from Israel’s Wars in Gaza Raphael S. Cohen, David E. Johnson, David E. Thaler, Brenna Allen, Elizabeth M. Bartels, James Cahill, Shira Efron C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1888 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9787-3 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2017 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover photos (clockwise): Nir Elias/Reuters; Amir Cohen/Reuters; Abu Mustafa/Reuters; Tsafrir Abayov/AP Photo Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface This report examines the Israel Defense Forces operations in Gaza from the end of Operation Cast Lead in 2009 through Operation Pillar of Defense in 2012 to Operation Protective Edge in 2014.