DOCSLIB.ORG

From Cast Lead to Protective Edge: Lessons from Israel's Wars in Gaza

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
From Cast Lead to Protective Edge: Lessons from Israel's Wars in Gaza From Cast Lead to Protective Edge Lessons from Israel’s Wars in Gaza Raphael S. Cohen, David E. Johnson, David E. Thaler, Brenna Allen, Elizabeth M. Bartels, James Cahill, Shira Efron C O R P O R A T I O N For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR1888 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available for this publication. ISBN: 978-0-8330-9787-3 Published by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. © Copyright 2017 RAND Corporation R® is a registered trademark. Cover photos (clockwise): Nir Elias/Reuters; Amir Cohen/Reuters; Abu Mustafa/Reuters; Tsafrir Abayov/AP Photo Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Preface This report examines the Israel Defense Forces operations in Gaza from the end of Operation Cast Lead in 2009 through Operation Pillar of Defense in 2012 to Operation Protective Edge in 2014. Drawing on a mixture of primary and secondary sources and extensive interviews, this report tells the history of Israel’s campaign and details Israeli efforts to adapt to hybrid adversaries in complex urban terrain. The report then extracts the relevant lessons from the Israeli experience for the U.S. Army and the joint force at large. This report speaks to multiple audiences. More directly, its find- ings should interest students of the Arab-Israeli conflict and the Middle East. This report, however, also wrestles with broader operational and strategic issues, and its conclusions should interest functional experts as well, specifically those interested in urban warfare, lawfare,1 and the ability of states to deter nonstate actors. This research was sponsored by the Army Quadrennial Defense Review Office, G-8, Headquarters, Department of the Army, and con- ducted within the RAND Arroyo Center’s Strategy, Doctrine, and Resources Program. RAND Arroyo Center, part of the RAND Cor- poration, is a federally funded research and development center spon- sored by the U.S. Army. The Project Unique Identification Code (PUIC) for the project that produced this document is RAN157307. 1 Lawfare—or the combination of law and warfare—describes the exploitation of and adherence to national and international law to conduct warfare. iii Contents Preface ............................................................................. iii Figures and Table ................................................................ ix Summary .......................................................................... xi Acknowledgments .............................................................. xix CHAPTER ONE Introduction ....................................................................... 1 A Short History of the Long Tradition of American-Israeli Military Learning ........................................................................ 2 Scope, Methodology, and Structure of the Report ............................. 8 CHAPTER TWO Israel in Gaza: A Brief Background ..........................................11 Emergence of Palestinian Armed Opposition to Israel and the 1967 War ......................................................................13 The First Intifada and the Emergence of Hamas ..............................15 The Second Intifada ...............................................................18 Israel’s Withdrawal from Gaza ................................................. 20 Conflict Between Hamas and Fatah ........................................... 22 Israel’s First Gaza War: Operation Cast Lead ................................ 24 CHAPTER THREE Operation Pillar of Defense, 2012 ........................................... 27 The Road to War: Internal Rivalries and Regional Turmoil ................ 28 How the Campaign Unfolded ..................................................37 The Campaign Ends Quickly Without Use of Ground Maneuver......... 60 Key Lessons from Operation Pillar of Defense ................................62 v vi From Cast Lead to Protective Edge: Lessons From Israel’s Wars in Gaza CHAPTER FOUR Operation Protective Edge, 2014 .............................................69 The Road to War ..................................................................70 Planning for Operation Protective Edge: An Imperfect Process ............83 Organizing for War ...............................................................85 Mobilization and Deployment ................................................. 88 Phase I: The Air Campaign (July 8–16) ....................................... 90 Phase II: The Ground Campaign (July 17–August 4) ....................... 96 Phase III: The Illusive Cease-Fire (August 5–26) ........................... 122 Aftermath of the Conflict ...................................................... 124 CHAPTER FIVE Protective Edge’s Other Fronts .............................................. 129 Iron Dome and the Counter-Rocket Fight During Operation Protective Edge ............................................................. 129 The Intelligence Fight: Strategic Versus Tactical Trade-Off? .............. 139 The Cyber Fight: Protective Edge’s Silent War .............................. 141 The Legal Wars: Balancing Targeting and Collateral Damage ............ 143 CHAPTER SIX Lessons of Israel’s Experience in Protective Edge ....................... 149 Victory Sensitivity Dominates Casualty Sensitivity ........................ 149 Understanding Hybrid Actors and the Broader Strategic Environment Is Vital ...................................................... 151 Lawfare Is Here to Stay ......................................................... 152 Precision Firepower Has Significant Limitations ............................ 156 CAS and ISR Coordination with Ground Forces Are Improving......... 158 Tunnels Remain an Unsolved Tactical Problem, but Perhaps Not a Strategic Threat ............................................................. 160 Reserve Component Proves Its Worth ........................................ 162 The IDF Still Wrestles with Other Organizational Challenges ........... 163 Iron Dome Is Effective . For Now ......................................... 165 Armored Vehicles Remains Key to Urban Combat ......................... 167 Active Protection Systems Are Effective and Produce Indirect Benefits .... 169 Conclusion ....................................................................... 170 Contents vii CHAPTER SEVEN Recommendations for the U.S. Army and the Joint Force ............. 171 What Lessons May Not Apply ................................................ 171 What the United States Should Learn from Protective Edge .............. 176 Recommendations for the U.S. Army and the Joint Force ................. 186 Final Thoughts .................................................................. 189 Abbreviations ................................................................... 193 References ....................................................................... 195 Figures and Table Figures 2.1. Aerial View of the Gaza Strip ......................................12 2.2. Fortifications Along the Israel-Gaza Border ......................19 3.1. Rocket Ranges from Gaza into Israel During Pillar of Defense ................................................................51 4.1. Monthly Distribution of Rocket and Mortar Attacks from Gaza into Israel, 2012–2013 ................................71 4.2. U.S. Ambassador to Israel Dan Shapiro Visits an Offensive Tunnel from Gaza in Kibbutz Ein HaShlosha, October 17, 2013 .....................................................76 4.3. Tunnel Fight ......................................................... 77 4.4. Attacks from Gaza Against Israel, First Six Months of 2014 ....79 4.5. IDF Task Organization ............................................ 86 4.6. IDF Disposition Around Gaza .....................................89 4.7. Damage Assessment in Gaza ...................................... 98 4.8. Shuja’iya ............................................................. 102 4.9. Shuja’iya Tunnel Fight ............................................ 103 4.10. Destruction in Shuja’iya .......................................... 109 5.1. Rocket Ranges from Gaza into Israel During Protective Edge ................................................................. 131 5.2. Daily Number of Rocket and Mortar Attacks from Gaza During Operation Protective Edge .............................. 134 Table 4.1. Operation Protective Edge Cease-Fires ......................... 121 ix Summary For more than a decade, Israel has
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gaza-Israel: the Legal and the Military View Transcript
    Gaza-Israel: The Legal and the Military View Transcript Date: Wednesday, 7 October 2015 - 6:00PM Location: Barnard's Inn Hall 07 October 2015 Gaza-Israel: The Legal and Military View Professor Sir Geoffrey Nice QC General Sir Nick Parker For long enough commentators have usually assumed the Israel - Palestine armed conflict might be lawful, even if individual incidents on both sides attracted condemnation. But is that assumption right? May the conflict lack legality altogether, on one side or both? Have there been war crimes committed by both sides as many suggest? The 2014 Israeli – Gaza conflict (that lasted some 52 days and that was called 'Operation Protective Edge' by the Israeli Defence Force) allows a way to explore some of the underlying issues of the overall conflict. General Sir Nick Parker explains how he advised Geoffrey Nice to approach the conflict's legality and reality from a military point of view. Geoffrey Nice explains what conclusions he then reached. Were war crimes committed by either side? Introduction No human is on this earth as a volunteer; we are all created by an act of force, sometimes of violence just as the universe itself arrived by force. We do not leave the world voluntarily but often by the force of disease. As pressed men on earth we operate according to rules of nature – gravity, energy etc. – and the rules we make for ourselves but focus much attention on what to do when our rules are broken, less on how to save ourselves from ever breaking them. That thought certainly will feature in later lectures on prison and sex in this last year of my lectures as Gresham Professor of Law but is also central to this and the next lecture both on Israel and on parts of its continuing conflict with Gaza.
    [Show full text]
  • Rediscovering the Arab Dimension of Middle East Regional Politics
    Review of International Studies page 1 of 22 2011 British International Studies Association doi:10.1017/S0260210511000283 The New Arab Cold War: rediscovering the Arab dimension of Middle East regional politics MORTEN VALBJØRN AND ANDRÉ BANK* Abstract. This article provides a conceptual lens for and a thick interpretation of the emergent regional constellation in the Middle East in the first decade of the 21st century. It starts out by challenging two prevalent claims about regional politics in the context of the 2006 Lebanon and 2008–09 Gaza Wars: Firstly, that regional politics is marked by a fundamental break from the ‘old Middle East’ and secondly, that it has become ‘post-Arab’ in the sense that Arab politics has ceased being distinctly Arab. Against this background, the article develops the understanding of a New Arab Cold War which accentuates the still important, but widely neglected Arab dimension in regional politics. By rediscovering the Arab Cold War of the 1950–60s and by drawing attention to the transformation of Arab nationalism and the importance of new trans-Arab media, the New Arab Cold War perspective aims at supplementing rather that supplanting the prominent moderate-radical, sectarian and Realist-Westphalian narratives. By highlighting dimensions of both continuity and change it does moreover provide some critical nuances to the frequent claims about the ‘newness’ of the ‘New Middle East’. In addition to this more Middle East-specific contribution, the article carries lessons for a number of more general debates in International Relations theory concerning the importance of (Arab-Islamist) non-state actors and competing identities in regional politics as well as the interplay between different forms of sovereignty.
    [Show full text]
  • HAMAS DIVIDED: TIME for a NEW POLICY? by Tally Helfont
    Foreign Policy Research Institute E-Notes A Catalyst for Ideas Distributed via Email and Posted at www.fpri.org October 2010 HAMAS DIVIDED: TIME FOR A NEW POLICY? By Tally Helfont Tally Helfont is an FPRI research fellow. Her research focuses on Middle East-related issues and radical Islamic movements. She has also instructed training courses on behalf of K3 Enterprises in Civil Information Management to U.S. Military Civil Affairs Units and Human Terrain Teams assigned to Iraq and Afghanistan. September 2010 marked the beginning of renewed peace negotiations in the Middle East. The American-brokered talks took some time to restart—18-months to be exact—and its two primary participants, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, were reluctant at best. The parties met on three separate occasions: in Washington D.C. from September 1-2, in Sharm El-Sheikh from September 13-14, and at the Israeli Prime Minister's official residence in Jerusalem on September 15. It is difficult to say whether there was any tangible progress achieved during these meetings, but as it currently stands, the continuation of these efforts is uncertain, and some would even say, unlikely. The United States, on the one hand, and Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia on the other, are exerting significant diplomatic pressure to bridge the current gaps and bring the two sides back to the negotiating table. But what about those who seek to obstruct such efforts? Chief among this camp is the Islamic Resistance Movement, Hamas. Through numerous statements and acts of violence, Hamas seemed intent on attracting attention during this period of negotiations.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full Journal (PDF)
    SAPIR A JOURNAL OF JEWISH CONVERSATIONS THE ISSUE ON POWER ELISA SPUNGEN BILDNER & ROBERT BILDNER RUTH CALDERON · MONA CHAREN MARK DUBOWITZ · DORE GOLD FELICIA HERMAN · BENNY MORRIS MICHAEL OREN · ANSHEL PFEFFER THANE ROSENBAUM · JONATHAN D. SARNA MEIR SOLOVEICHIK · BRET STEPHENS JEFF SWARTZ · RUTH R. WISSE Volume Two Summer 2021 And they saw the God of Israel: Under His feet there was the likeness of a pavement of sapphire, like the very sky for purity. — Exodus 24: 10 SAPIR Bret Stephens EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Mark Charendoff PUBLISHER Ariella Saperstein ASSO CIATE PUBLISHER Felicia Herman MANAGING EDITOR Katherine Messenger DESIGNER & ILLUSTRATOR Sapir, a Journal of Jewish Conversations. ISSN 2767-1712. 2021, Volume 2. Published by Maimonides Fund. Copyright ©2021 by Maimonides Fund. No part of this journal may be reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of Maimonides Fund. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. WWW.SAPIRJOURNAL.ORG WWW.MAIMONIDESFUND.ORG CONTENTS 6 Publisher’s Note | Mark Charendoff 90 MICHAEL OREN Trial and Triage in Washington 8 BRET STEPHENS The Necessity of Jewish Power 98 MONA CHAREN Between Hostile and Crazy: Jews and the Two Parties Power in Jewish Text & History 106 MARK DUBOWITZ How to Use Antisemitism Against Antisemites 20 RUTH R. WISSE The Allure of Powerlessness Power in Culture & Philanthropy 34 RUTH CALDERON King David and the Messiness of Power 116 JEFF SWARTZ Philanthropy Is Not Enough 46 RABBI MEIR Y. SOLOVEICHIK The Power of the Mob in an Unforgiving Age 124 ELISA SPUNGEN BILDNER & ROBERT BILDNER Power and Ethics in Jewish Philanthropy 56 ANSHEL PFEFFER The Use and Abuse of Jewish Power 134 JONATHAN D.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Assessment, Vol 16, No 1
    Volume 16 | No. 1 | April 2013 Leading from Behind: The “Obama Doctrine” and US Policy in the Middle East | Sanford Lakoff Eleven Years to the Arab Peace Initiative: Time for an Israeli Regional Strategy | Ilai Alon and Gilead Sher The Emergence of the Sunni Axis in the Middle East | Yoel Guzansky and Gallia Lindenstrauss Islam and Democracy: Can the Two Walk Together? | Yoav Rosenberg The US and Israel on Iran: Whither the (Dis)Agreement? | Ephraim Kam Walking a Fine Line: Israel, India, and Iran | Yiftah S. Shapir Response Essays Civilian Casualties of a Military Strike in Iran | Ephraim Asculai If it Comes to Force: A Credible Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Military Option against Iran | Amos Yadlin, Emily B. Landau, and Avner Golov המכון למחקרי ביטחון לאומי THE INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL SECURcITY STUDIES INCORPORATING THE JAFFEE bd CENTER FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES Strategic ASSESSMENT Volume 16 | No. 1 | April 2013 CONTENTS Abstracts | 3 Leading from Behind: The “Obama Doctrine” and US Policy in the Middle East | 7 Sanford Lakoff Eleven Years to the Arab Peace Initiative: Time for an Israeli Regional Strategy | 21 Ilai Alon and Gilead Sher The Emergence of the Sunni Axis in the Middle East | 37 Yoel Guzansky and Gallia Lindenstrauss Islam and Democracy: Can the Two Walk Together? | 49 Yoav Rosenberg The US and Israel on Iran: Whither the (Dis)Agreement? | 61 Ephraim Kam Walking a Fine Line: Israel, India, and Iran | 75 Yiftah S. Shapir Response Essays Civilian Casualties of a Military Strike in Iran | 87 Ephraim Asculai If it Comes to Force: A Credible Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Military Option against Iran | 95 Amos Yadlin, Emily B.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of the Second Lebanon War and Operation CAST LEAD
    BACK TO BASICS A Study of the Second Lebanon War and Operation CAST LEAD Lieutenant Colonel Scott C. Farquhar General Editor Combat Studies Institute Press US Army Combined Arms Center Fort Leavenworth, Kansas Form Approved Report Documentation Page OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED 2. REPORT TYPE 2009 00-00-2009 to 00-00-2009 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Back to Basics. A Study of the Second Lebanon War and Operation 5b. GRANT NUMBER CAST LEAD 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION US Army Combined Arms Center,Combat Studies Institute,Fort REPORT NUMBER Leavenworth,KS,66027 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Israel: Background and U.S. Relations in Brief
    Israel: Background and U.S. Relations in Brief Updated January 27, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R44245 SUMMARY R44245 Israel: Background and U.S. Relations in Brief January 27, 2021 The following matters are of particular significance to U.S.-Israel relations. Jim Zanotti Domestic issues: March 2021 election. After the collapse of its power-sharing Specialist in Middle government in December 2020, Israel is scheduled to hold another election for its Eastern Affairs Knesset (parliament) on March 23, 2021. The election will be Israel’s fourth in the past two years—a frequency without parallel in the country’s history. Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu has managed to maintain power despite an ongoing criminal trial on corruption charges that is set to resume in February 2021. Netanyahu apparently hopes to create a coalition government that will grant him legal immunity or to remain indefinitely as caretaker prime minister (as he did from December 2018 to May 2020) by preventing anyone from forming a coalition without him and his Likud party. Palestinians and Arab state normalization. On the decades-old Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Trump Administration policies largely sided with Israeli positions, thus alienating Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Chairman and Palestinian Authority (PA) President Mahmoud Abbas. In the second half of 2020, the Administration pivoted from its January 2020 Israeli-Palestinian peace proposal to helping Israel reach agreements—known as the Abraham Accords—on normalizing its relations with the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bahrain, Sudan, and Morocco. In connection with its deal with the UAE, Israel agreed in August 2020 to suspend plans to annex part of the West Bank, though announcements related to settlement activity have accelerated since then.
    [Show full text]
  • Moving-Nowhere.Pdf
    MA’AN Development Center MOVINGMOVING NOWHERE: FIRING ZONES AND FORCIBLE TRANSFER IN THE JORDAN VALLEY NOWHERE FIRING ZONES AND FORCIBLE TRANSFER IN THE JORDAN VALLEY 1 2 MOVINGMOVING NOWHERE: FIRING ZONES AND FORCIBLE TRANSFER IN THE JORDAN VALLEY NOWHERE FIRING ZONES AND FORCIBLE TRANSFER IN THE JORDAN VALLEY 2015 3 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Physical Security 6 Eviction Orders And Demolition Orders 10 Psychological Security 18 Livelihood Reductions 22 Environmental Concerns 24 Water 26 Settler Violence 28 Isuues Faced By Other Communities In Area C 32 International Humanitarian Law 36 Conclusion 40 Photo by Hamza Zbiedat Hamza by Photo 4 Moving Nowhere Introduction Indirect and direct forcible transfer is currently at the forefront of Israel’s ideological agenda in area C. Firing zones, initially established as a means of land control, are now being used to create an environment so hostile that Palestinians are forced to leave the area or live in conditions of deteriorating security. re-dating the creation of the state of Israel, there was an ideological agenda within Pcertain political spheres predicated on the notion that Israel should exist from the sea to the Jordan River. Upon creation of the State the subsequent governments sought to establish this notion. This has resulted in an uncompromising programme of colonisation, ethnic cleansing and de-development in Palestine. The conclusion of the six day war in 1967 marked the beginning of the ongoing occupation, under which the full force of the ideological agenda has been extended into the West Bank. Israel has continuously led projects and policies designed to appropriate vast amounts of Palestinian land in the West Bank, despite such actions being illegal under international law.
    [Show full text]
  • Palestinian Forces
    Center for Strategic and International Studies Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy 1800 K Street, N.W. • Suite 400 • Washington, DC 20006 Phone: 1 (202) 775 -3270 • Fax : 1 (202) 457 -8746 Email: [email protected] Palestinian Forces Palestinian Authority and Militant Forces Anthony H. Cordesman Center for Strategic and International Studies [email protected] Rough Working Draft: Revised February 9, 2006 Copyright, Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved. May not be reproduced, referenced, quote d, or excerpted without the written permission of the author. Cordesman: Palestinian Forces 2/9/06 Page 2 ROUGH WORKING DRAFT: REVISED FEBRUARY 9, 2006 ................................ ................................ ............ 1 THE MILITARY FORCES OF PALESTINE ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 2 THE OSLO ACCORDS AND THE NEW ISRAELI -PALESTINIAN WAR ................................ ................................ .............. 3 THE DEATH OF ARAFAT AND THE VICTORY OF HAMAS : REDEFINING PALESTINIAN POLITICS AND THE ARAB - ISRAELI MILITARY BALANCE ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 4 THE CHANGING STRUCTURE OF PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY FORC ES ................................ ................................ .......... 5 Palestinian Authority Forces During the Peace Process ................................ ................................ ..................... 6 The
    [Show full text]
  • When Are Foreign Volunteers Useful? Israel's Transnational Soldiers in the War of 1948 Re-Examined
    This is a repository copy of When are Foreign Volunteers Useful? Israel's Transnational Soldiers in the War of 1948 Re-examined. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/79021/ Version: WRRO with coversheet Article: Arielli, N (2014) When are Foreign Volunteers Useful? Israel's Transnational Soldiers in the War of 1948 Re-examined. Journal of Military History, 78 (2). pp. 703-724. ISSN 0899- 3718 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ promoting access to White Rose research papers Universities of Leeds, Sheffield and York http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/79021/ Paper: Arielli, N (2014) When are foreign volunteers useful? Israel's transnational soldiers in the war of 1948 re-examined. Journal of Military History, 78 (2). 703 - 724. White Rose Research Online [email protected] When are Foreign Volunteers Useful? Israel’s Transnational Soldiers in the War of 1948 Re-examined Nir Arielli Abstract The literature on foreign, or “transnational,” war volunteering has fo- cused overwhelmingly on the motivations and experiences of the vol- unteers.
    [Show full text]
  • Targeted Killings</Em>
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Michigan School of Law Michigan Journal of International Law Volume 39 Issue 2 2018 Targeting the Targeted Killings Case - International Lawmaking in Domestic Contexts Yahli Shereshevsky Hebrew University of Jerusalem Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, International Humanitarian Law Commons, and the Military, War, and Peace Commons Recommended Citation Yahli Shereshevsky, Targeting the Targeted Killings Case - International Lawmaking in Domestic Contexts, 39 MICH. J. INT'L L. 241 (2018). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol39/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Journal of International Law at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TARGETING THE TARGETED KILLINGS CASE – INTERNATIONAL LAWMAKING IN DOMESTIC CONTEXTS Yahli Shereshevsky* INTRODUCTION ................................................. 242 I. THE DEBATE OVER TARGETED KILLINGS ............... 244 A. Three Main Controversies in the International Law Debate over Targeted Killings ....................... 244 B. Targeted Killings in Israel: From the Targeted Killings Case to the 2014 Gaza Conflict ............. 247 1. The Targeted Killings Case ..................... 247 2. The 2014 Gaza Conflict Report ................. 249 II. THREE COMPLEMENTARY EXPLANATIONS FOR THE ADOPTION OF THE FORMAL MEMBERSHIP APPROACH: JUDICIAL DEFERENCE, THE U.S. LEGAL POSITION AND THE INTERPRETIVE COMMUNITY OF MILITARY LAWYERS, AND A PRESSING NEED ................................
    [Show full text]
  • Avoiding Another War Between Israel and Hezbollah
    COUNTING THE COST Avoiding Another War between Israel and Hezbollah By Nicholas Blanford and Assaf Orion “He who wishes to fight must first count the cost.” Sun Tzu, The Art of War ABOUT THE SCOWCROFT MIDDLE EAST SECURITY INITIATIVE The Atlantic Council’s Scowcroft Middle East Security Initiative honors the legacy of Brent Scowcroft and his tireless efforts to build a new security architecture for the region. Our work in this area addresses the full range of security threats and challenges including the danger of interstate warfare, the role of terrorist groups and other nonstate actors, and the underlying security threats facing countries in the region. Through all of the Council’s Middle East programming, we work with allies and partners in Europe and the wider Middle East to protect US interests, build peace and security, and unlock the human potential of the region. You can read more about our programs at www.atlanticcouncil.org/ programs/middle-east-programs/. May 2020 ISBN-13: 978-1-61977-099-7 This report is written and published in accordance with the Atlantic Council Policy on Intellectual Independence. The authors are solely responsible for its analysis and recommendations. The Atlantic Council and its donors do not determine, nor do they necessarily endorse or advocate for, any of this report’s conclusions. This report is made possible by general support to the Atlantic Council’s Middle East Programs. COUNTING THE COST Avoiding Another War between Israel and Hezbollah CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................2
    [Show full text]