1 BICULTURALISM house in post-Soviet Russia and the reinvention of the private Russian andEuropean practice architecture in contemporary Pushing the boundaries of RMIT 2014 RMIT Doctor of Philosophy Kalinina Tanya IN ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE ARCHITECTURAL IN

BICULTURALISM IN ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE

Pushing the boundaries of architecture in contemporary Russian and European practice and the reinvention of the private house in post-Soviet Russia

Tanya Kalinina

A Dissertation submitted in fulfi lment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy

School of Architecture & Design RMIT University August 2014 Acknowledgements

I would like to thank James McAdam who for over 20 years has been a dedicated partner in life and in work, and has shared with me the experience of our practice together since our meeting in 1990. Th ese thanks extend to this research in which James played a part as co-author of the works and on the common elements of this dissertation.

I express gratitude to all those who have been involved with the practice, past and present, who have contributed to the architecture and resultant body of works.

Particular thanks go to my children, Polina and Misha, for their patience during this concentrated process of research, and to my parents, Valery and Irina, who have always given full moral support to such endeavours.

Finally I would express thanks to my doctoral supervisor, Professor Leon van Schaik, who encouraged this process and was a source of great insight.

Declaration

I certify that except where due acknowledgement has been made, the work is that of the author alone; the work has not been submitted previously, in whole or in part, to qualify for any other academic award; the content of the thesis is the result of work which has been carried out since the offi cial commencement date of the approved research program; any editorial work, paid or unpaid, carried out by a third party is acknowledged; and, ethics procedures and guidelines have been followed.

Tanya Kalinina 15 August 2014 Contents

1. Intoduction / TK 710. Trubnaya, Larch House and Univermag / JM, TK 110 What are the practice’s seminal key projects and what are the drivers behind the approaches engaged? 2. The Bicultural Practice / JM, TK 10 How can two opposing cultures and places be linked through architecture, 11. Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy / JM, TK 136 and what were the key bicultural moments in this process? Who are the practice mentors and what enchainments are apparent in its work?

3. Mirror, Mirror / TK 22 12. The Accumulation of Skills / JM, TK 142 What are the underlying characteristics of the partners, and how do they work in practice? How did the practice develop professionally to become what it is today?

4. Made in the USSR / TK 38 13. Happy Families / JM, TK 150 How important is life background to the mental space of an architect? What are the prevalent architectural components in the practice’s work?

5. Project Imagination / JM, TK 46 14. The Black Spot / JM, TK 156 How can one single event create the basis of practice for years to come? What is the essence of the design process?

6. Working with the Prospectors / TK 58 15. The Art of Elasticity / JM, TK 170 How can client and architect synchronize for What does the body of work comprise and what are the reasons behind it? the advancement of both parties?

16. What Architect? / JM, TK 174 7. The Emergence of the New Russian House / TK 76 How can the practice be categorized and positioned in the architectural profession? What was the practice’s role in the development of the new Russian house?

17. Learning from Le Corbusier / TK 184 8. The Practice Map / JM, TK 88 When we look at Russian architecture objectively, what do we see? How can we begin to understand the complex workings of 20 years of practice? 18. A Summary of Research and Findings / TK 196 What did the research entail, what did we discover, and how 9. The Endeavours of Practice / JM, TK 98 might this be applicable to other practices? What are the practice’s activities and aspirations and how do they combine to create the essence of the practice? Bibliography / TK 202

Essays marked (JM, TK) are common essays and those marked (TK) are individual essays. TK - Tanya Kalinina, JM - James McAdam 6 1. Intoduction Th Russia. within change disciplinary facilitated has Moscow London and between Th of projects. types/sizes and locations, Th have normalised. developed. becoming practice, the are within mentors, and and consultants clients, with Ithow relationships practice also addresses through work: can process design and practice how bicultural exchange in-depth explores howresearch we accumulate professional and cultural skills that suit diffTh atlarge. practice of abicultural implications on the light toshed is aim of our Part architecture. through together forged be can locations and cultures opposing about how two questions direct it poses –and Russia and –Britain countries two between mainly operating of complexities the tounderstand It seeks projects. strategic and planning urban to pavilions and houses private of work, from range adiverse It covers practice. see as continuing quests that will inform our future practice. future our inform will that quests continuing as see Th thesis. safeguarding the within explored are the answers their – practice bicultural Th future. the in the within direction realised change could practice how is the enjoyment, and architectural of ideas, satisfaction refl intellectual the level, personal more a On change. social and economic political, extensive rapid and during architecture of agency productive the demonstrate experiences Our relationship-building. McAdam Architects is a trans-national practice discourse. architectural and that operatesreviewed through the role of biculturalism in professional eff activities, teaching programs we parallel, In partners. its and practice of the space mental on the cultures two identifi are projects Key initiatives. strategic and competitions, projects, completed various in used methods design and approaches both works, diff Other relate essays specifi work. of their joint underpinnings the demonstrating thus partners, founding the toboth common is and practice actual tothe relates dissertation of the A portion perspective. disciplinary international external an with connected remains practice how the shows research the time, same the At of Russia. community Th Introduction e ever-increasing mobility of people in our globalised world means that long-term long-term that world means globalised our of in people mobility eever-increasing is change is grounded in the specifi the in grounded is change is is dissertation demonstrates how the bi-national positioning of the practice practice of the positioning bi-national how the demonstrates dissertation is is research is a refl erent streams of practice work are analysed to reveal the diff the toreveal analysed work are of practice erent streams ese questions punctuate the text – presented in bold type – and –and bold type in –presented text the punctuate questions ese ection on 20 of years Architects’ McAdam architectural ed in an attempt to understand the infl cally to areas of individual interest and research. In In research. and interest of individual toareas cally ective process has given rise to questions about how how about toquestions rise given has process ective c environmental conditions and architectural architectural and conditions c environmental ose which remain unanswered, we unanswered, remain which ose of the uences ective erent erent e For McAdam the research essays are situated situated are essays research the McAdam For The dissertation comprises a series of essays ofessays aseries comprises dissertation The April 2013. This diagram shows the individual individual the shows diagram This 2013. April essays of the partners, Tanya tothe Kalinina partners, ofthe essays Practice Research Symposium Five, Ghent Ghent Five, Symposium Research Practice at the beginning of the dissertation, with a with dissertation, ofthe beginning at the Diagram of PhD Dissertation Structure, Structure, Dissertation PhD of Diagram left, James McAdam to the right, meshing meshing right, tothe McAdam James left, covering both the research and context. and research the both covering Contents, marked (TK, JM) for common common for JM) (TK, marked Contents, essays, and (TK) for individual essays. individual for (TK) and essays, reflective study of context following. ofcontext study reflective beginning of the dissertation, to set toset dissertation, ofthe beginning with common essays in the centre. the in essays common with For Kalinina the contextual essays essays contextual the Kalinina For These essays are identified in the the in identified are essays These the scene for the actual research. actual the for scene the are deliberately situated at the atthe situated deliberately are 1. Intoduction McAdam Architects,

7 2. Th e Bicultural Practice

How can two opposing cultures and places be linked through architecture, and what were the key bicultural moments in this process? 10 2. TheBicultural2. Practice Architecture exchange between Moscow Architectural Institute Architectural Moscow between exchange nations or peoples’ nations of two customs and attitudes cultural the or combining –having ‘Bicultural the key bicultural moments in this process? be linked through architecture, andwhat were How cantwo opposing cultures andplaces Th later, and afamily. for practice, foundation the was which desire diff cultural of Th other’s the in country. socializing and studying, byliving, other’s the about culture, Th schools. respective of their ateach for asemester studies Th of coincidences. aseries through established was As with many partnerships, the bicultural practice of McAdam and Kalinina of William Alsop of William offi of abicultural opening the and for multiple exchanges basis the It was Russia. and of Britain architects the between Th other’s each cultures. in afoot placing Kalinina and of McAdam aconsequence as Russia, and Britain of professions architectural the between it created link direct the was success Th Institute. Architectural Moscow the from students and professors with workshops torun Moscow visited architects British known well- 20 where workshops, of seminar organization and initiation the enabled e fi e second coincidence was Project Imagination Project was coincidence esecond tolearn began partners Both beginning. the from set was stance ebicultural e results of this bicultural activity led to a much-increased level of connection of connection level toamuch-increased led activity bicultural of this eresults is allowed cross-cultural exchange and discussion, and an early understanding understanding early an and discussion, and exchange cross-cultural allowed is rst coincidence occurred as a result of Perestroika aresult as occurred coincidence rst 6 William Alsop: a well-known, practicing British architect, noted for flamboyant designs. flamboyant for noted architect, British practicing awell-known, Alsop: 6 William 5. Chapter See 1992. in Institute Architectural atMoscow a week for workshops ran architects British 20 where seminar educational Imagination: 5 Project Arts. of Creative University ofthe part Now students. of150 school architectural asmall ofArchitecture: School 4 Canterbury students. postgraduate and undergraduate 2,000 over with Russia, and Moscow in architecture of students for establishment educational main the Institute: Architectural 3 Moscow 1980s. late the during USSR the in happened that changes economic and social political, the 2 Perestroika: ofCanada. peoples speaking English and French the example: for nations, within cultures oftwo tocombining refers invariably of‘bicultural’ definition 1 The 4 in 1990. McAdam and Kalinina met and plotted extended exchange exchange extended plotted and met Kalinina and 1990. in McAdam erences. Crucially, there evolved an immovable trust and mutual mutual and trust immovable an evolved there Crucially, erences. 6 , in 1993., in . Oxford English Dictionary English . Oxford ce, run by McAdam and Kalinina with patronage patronage with Kalinina and byMcAdam run ce, 1 . 5 in 1992. in Th e key to Project Imagination’s Imagination’s toProject ekey 3 and Canterbury School of 2 , which enabled a student astudent enabled , which is bicultural link 2. TheBicultural2. Practice of Tanya Kalinina and James McAdam, McAdam, of Tanya James and Kalinina James McAdam with position of iron curtain 1961–89, 1961–89, curtain ofiron position with Map of Europe of Map and student exchange link in 1990. in link exchange student and of McAdam Architects, 2005. Architects, of McAdam in the Moscow off Moscow the in ice showing birthplaces birthplaces showing Tanya Kalinina and

11 12 Russia Moscow offMoscow the from Breeze ‘A 1990s. in the ice 1998. James McAdam (left), Tanya (left), Kalinina, McAdam James 1998. Article by Bart Goldhoorn (Editor of (Editor Goldhoorn byBart Article McAdam, as directors of Alsop Architects, Architects, ofAlsop directors as McAdam, ), on the role of Tanya Kalinina and James ofTanya James role and the ), on Kalinina The Moscow off Moscow The in Architects Alsop of ice 2. TheBicultural2. Practice West’ – West’ James Allen (in background), (in Allen James Project Russia Project and William Alsop (right). Alsop William and no. 14, 1999. 14, no. Project Project instinctive to the practice. tothe instinctive completely is biculturalism therefore cultures, of both understanding comprehensive a have of us Both cultures. two the in properly embedded for those souls two even perhaps and things, about of talking ways two of socializing, ways humour, two of senses two languages, distinct two also Consequently, are there locations. two Blythe Th 2 x professional circles. In this way, ours is a ‘pure’ form of biculturalism in practice. Th practice. in biculturalism of form ‘pure’ a is ours Hutton way, Sauerbruch of this practices In circles. professional and societies respective the with engaged equally tobe partners for both and cultures, parent two partners’ the in it’s literally tooperate not practices for common so such However, practice. architectural in together join often backgrounds and cultures diff from practitioners thing; not is anew context this in practice Bicultural practice. architectural established ofan infrastructure onthe rely himself. It is able to operate rather independent Alsop then faces’ practice of this from the ‘ London the more much are McAdam Tanya offi James and Kalinina signifibut scene. architectural Moscow the in player cant fi small as a itself architectural establish to British of the managed has Alsop rm William Th rule. the to exception an forms that practice architectural one is there glorious, from far are inMoscow architects offoreign work ofthe results the Although in practice’s position the described Bart GoldhoornBart toBritain. back culture and architecture on Russian of information atrickle profession, and Russian into the methods design and of professional It toadissemination led communities. architectural British and Russian the both with tointegrate ameans as practice of the nature bicultural the weused and arrangement, this toorchestrate freedom maximum given were Kalinina and McAdam Britain. from expertise input and professional but with Th Th amultiple of two. wereessentially of elements practice all x 2’, that implying e specifi at practice ran for seven years (1993–2000) and was located primarily in Moscow, in primarily (1993–2000) located was years and for seven ran atpractice is exchange model remains in eff in remains model exchange is 10 , during Practice Research Symposium Six, Barcelona November 2013, ‘2 Barcelona as Six, Symposium Research Practice , during at RMIT University. &Design ofArchitecture School Dean, and Architecture in Professor Blythe: Richard 10 (British). Findlay Kathryn (Japanese) and Ushida Eisaku were partners whose practice, architectural bicultural Findlay: 9 Ushida (British). Hutton Louisa and (German) Sauerbruch Matthias are partners whose practice, architectural bicultural Hutton: 8 Sauerbruch journal, ofarchitectural Editor-in-Chief Goldhoorn: 7 Bart c nature of the biculturalism of the practice was summarised by Richard byRichard summarised was practice of the biculturalism of the c nature 7 , Editor of , Editor Project Russia Project 8 and Ushida Findlay Project Russia Project ect today: two individuals, two cultures, and and cultures, two individuals, two today: ect , summed up the general atmosphere and and atmosphere general up the , summed no. 14 (1999) ‘A West’: the from Breeze 9 are similar to ours in this respect. this in ours to similar are Project Russia Project ce, whereas it can itcan whereas ce, . e Moscow offi eMoscow erent ce e of bicultural activities at the time of the student student ofthe time atthe activities of bicultural seminar (1992) and during the first seven years years seven first the during and (1992) seminar This diagram shows the location and influence influence and location the shows diagram This exchange (1990–91), the Project Imagination Imagination Project the (1990–91), exchange Activity. McAdam Architects. of Moscow-based practice (1993–2000). 2. TheBicultural2. Practice Practice Research Symposium Six, Six, Symposium Research Practice Barcelona, November, 2013. 2013. November, Barcelona, Diagram of Bicultural Bicultural of Diagram

13 14 2. TheBicultural2. Practice Architecture’, RIBA, March–April, March–April, RIBA, Architecture’, Cover from exhibition catalogue, catalogue, exhibition from Cover ‘Time for Change – Recent –Recent Change for ‘Time Developments in Russian 2002. movement towards the re-invention of post-Soviet architecture. re-invention of post-Soviet the movement towards Resistance’, included McAdam and Kalinina. Th example, the Moscow. For around and International in of buildings number asmall completed successfully Moscow Bank by AB Ostozhenka Partners & Kisselev bySergey building Agency) &Information News (Russian Novosti (UMA), and the Central House of Artists House Central the and (UMA), Architects Union of Moscow the (RIBA), Architects of British Institute Royal in Britain and Russia. Th Russia. and Britain in architects the between links professional and educational the toprogress anxious In parallel to the practice of designing buildings, McAdam (UMA). Architects Union light of Moscow and Kalinina positive in held were were one fi of the being to McAdam projects these Britain, Th in architecture. Russian of new interpretations subtle as Back cities. European Western with associated normally terms –in quality and todetail attention with habitat, totheir suited architecture, contextually-considered –as press bythe and circles Th won awards. projects both Russia, In imported countries. utilizing two of the professions whilst architectural on the projects bicultural of these impact locations, their to Onrefl suited methods. professional and techniques design elements and approaches design Trubnaya (1999) Th (2006). House Larch the and Th in the 1990s, ‘Paper the and in Architects’ emerged who practices of young –acombination colleagues Russian our that clear it became time, same the At Russia. towards heavily leaning was dynamic exchange bicultural that apparent it became activity, of such about tenyears After adefi was (of there which architecture promotion of contemporary general the fostering and countries the between connections instigated which exhibitions and seminars, talks, e bicultural process is clearly essential to the practice’s key projects, such as as such projects, key practice’s tothe essential clearly is process ebicultural 15 cit at the time).cit atthe . Th in the early 1990s. early the in established practice architectural private Moscow-based &Partners: Kisselev Sergey 15 1990s. early the in established practice architectural private Moscow-based Ostozhenka: Bureau, 14 Architectural paper. on only existed which ideas Utopian byproducing program building state tothe responded who 1980s, the in architects ofRussian group Architects: Paper 13 River. Moscow the on located art, contemporary for hall exhibition main Moscow’s ofArtists: House 12 Central relations. cultural and opportunities educational for organisation international Kingdom’s United the Council: British 11 The is group, which was aff was group, which is ey were closely involved with the British Council British the with involved wereclosely ey rst ‘western’ architects to become a member of the of the amember tobecome architects ‘western’ rst 13 ectionately nicknamed ‘Th nicknamed ectionately who wereno who longer ‘Paper’ bynow –had ey were complimented in architectural 12 . Th ey initiated and participated in in participated and initiated ey e key projects involved cultural cultural involved projects ekey e group was recognised as a as recognised was egroup ection, we can also see the the see also wecan ection, ese realised projects led led projects realised ese e Architectural 14 , and the RIA RIA the , and 11 , the , the ‘Time for Change’ exhibition at the RIBA, March, March, RIBA, atthe exhibition Change’ for ‘Time 2. TheBicultural2. Practice 2002.

15 16 Introduction from exhibition catalogue by James byJames catalogue exhibition from Introduction McAdam. 2. TheBicultural2. Practice exhibition at the RIBA, March, 2002. March, RIBA, atthe exhibition Article by Catherine Cooke, feature feature Cooke, byCatherine Article ‘ Time for Change for Time review of the ‘Time for Change’ Change’ for ‘Time ofthe review ’ exhibition, RIBA, RIBA, exhibition, March, 2002. – Catherine Cooke heritage. city’sof the architectural plight the going concerningly, authority, most in and corruption system, approval the was what discuss to on diffi candid wereopenand architects the environment, opportunity an was It Britain. in on in Moscow counterparts with their anwith established professional group. Away from their home Change’ (2002)Change’ Th London. in RIBA atthe Architecture, Russian in Developments on Recent ataforum speak work and their exhibit would years ten preceding the in traction gained had who Ten architects direction. Russian other the in exchange toencourage wedecided bias, Russian of this light In more closely connected with the architects of this movement. of this architects the with connected more closely As a result of their commitment to this cause, McAdam and landmarks (briefl Kalinina became constructivist was architecture Russian contemporary these that was of for Change’ of ‘Time impact Many laws. developments. heritage local by protected not are and disrepair ofcomplete inastate are economic of requirements the to victim fall cases insome and neglected, been have capital, inthe particularly thirties, and catalogue, ‘Th exhibition for Change’ ‘Time tothe Introduction the noted in McAdam James As heritage. architectural city’s the ofprotecting issue burning the and time, the at inMoscow of practicing diffi the discuss to opportunity an them gave West, ‘Time forChange’in the also ofwork amodicum ofexhibiting opportunity the architects Russian giving as well As West mid-eighties. the inthe astonished which Architecture of Paper movement protest inthe started who ofthose one Filippov, Mikhail forexample includes offi fi the ‘benchmarking as Kalinina and McAdam by conceived been has Time forChange rst ten years’. Th years’. ten rst ces rather than showing the fi fty or so ‘best buildings’. Diversity was intentional. It intentional. was Diversity buildings’. fi the ‘best showing than rather ces so or fty Building Design y) being discussed in the UK, for the fi for the UK, the in discussed y) being architecture. Modernist and Avant-Garde ofRussian a scholar (1942–2004): Cooke 17 Catherine Goloverova. Alexandra and byTanya Kalinina designed were exhibition and catalogue, logo, CHANGE FOR TIME 16 e Beginning of a New Era’: of aNew eBeginning e aim was to bring architects over here, so the exhibition represents ten ten represents exhibition the so here, over architects bring to was eaim 16 17 gave the new Russian architects physical exposure and contact contact and exposure physical architects Russian new the gave , Comments and Analysis, 15 2002: March Analysis, and , Comments summarized the event in a feature article entitled ‘Great Divide’ entitled article afeature event in the summarized …the architectural treasures of the twenties twenties ofthe treasures …the architectural rst time since 1926. since time rst e event, entitled ‘Time for ‘Time entitled eevent, cult topics relating to relating topics cult culties culties Th e

This diagram shows the location and influence of influence and location the shows diagram This five years of practice with off with ofpractice years both five London in ices bicultural activities at the time of the realisation realisation ofthe time atthe activities bicultural Time for Change exhibition (2002), and during during and (2002), exhibition Change for Time Activity. of the seminal key projects (1997-2006), the the (1997-2006), key projects seminal of the McAdam Architects 2. TheBicultural2. Practice Practice Research Symposium Six, Six, Symposium Research Practice Barcelona, November, 2013. 2013. November, Barcelona, and Moscow (2002-2007). Moscow and . Diagram of Bicultural Bicultural of . Diagram

17 18 November, 2012. This diagram shows shows diagram This 2012. November, 2. TheBicultural2. Practice London and Moscow 1993-present. Moscow and London Research Symposium Four, Ghent, Four, Ghent, Symposium Research the extent of practice activities in in activities ofpractice extent the McAdam Architects, Architects, McAdam Location Pendulum, Location Diagram of of Diagram Practice Practice the magnitude of this swing. swing. of this magnitude the member. Th family of anew arrival the with tocoincide partners, of the relocating due tothe was end of 2007. London atthe in Th on growth re-focusing then and 2006–2007, in Moscow in operation asubstantial other, to the becoming one from city attentions its swing would practice the time this During country. either in culture, other of the experts as talks, and events, toconferences, invited regularly being partners toboth led It atlarge. image bicultural practice’s the reinforce did ‘pendulum’However, process this building. and of designing task important the from distracts and effi not it an is retrospect, In wardrobes. two and cars two fl of amount huge a involves It complicated. rather Th country. each one in leg with centre the in was position its that basis on the Britain and Russia between activities its For fi the two cities Perpetual motion: the pendulum between ve years following ‘Time for Change’, the practice attempted to re-balance tore-balance attempted practice for the Change’, ‘Time following veyears e economic and political pressures which followed in 2008 exaggerated exaggerated 2008 in followed which pressures political and eeconomic is literal and physical form of bicultural practice is ying, two offi two ying, cient method of practice ces, two apartments, is is tourism, cultural overview, or metaphors. overview, cultural tourism, via situation toalocal responsive authentically be can architect an notionof that the We support not in are of architecture. style or international or promote aglobal export out not It to set does not global. is practice the ‘internationally’, practicing Whilst countries. of both press bythe Anglo-Russian toas referred Th not Russian. weare Moscow in and not British weare London In bicultural. essentially as perceived truly is practice the commentators, and For critics Western in education. experience our from of ‘know-how’ for qualifi Th supervisors. and instigators weare where Th areas. one-off main two with nearby, or London in Th Israel. and projects and activities main Th tenpeople. –just small is Today practice the Th professions. estate real and cultures business diverse two the between bridge creative in London. In this for projects development of housing program estate element of areal creative the as instance bicultural exchange is critical. Th Th each. in parameters e second is a post-graduate course for tutors at Kuban State University State atKuban for tutors course apost-graduate is esecond e fi e bicultural angle is realised through the partners’ understanding of the diff of the understanding partners’ the through realised is angle ebicultural rst of these is a joint venture with a Russian Development Group, where we act Development Group, weact where aRussian with ajoint venture is of these rst ed tutors at the university. Here, the bicultural exchange works as a transfer atransfer as works exchange bicultural Here, the university. atthe tutors ed 18 Population 800,000. 19 in Krasnodar. e bicultural exchange continues to operate, and presently functions in in functions presently and tooperate, continues exchange ebicultural

Kuban State University: a large educational establishment of 8,000 students students of8,000 establishment educational alarge University: State Kuban Krasnodar: city in south of Russia, just north of the Caucasus Mountains. Mountains. Caucasus ofthe north just ofRussia, south in city Krasnodar: is is a specifi e pendulum has swung West, with the the West, with swung has ependulum c response to a chronic need need toachronic c response commissions in France e a practice as acts e practice is often often is epractice 18 , in Krasnodar , in erent erent 19 , of bicultural activities in recent years of practice, ofpractice, years recent in activities of bicultural This diagram shows the location and influence influence and location the shows diagram This where bicultural approach has extended into into extended has approach bicultural where Activity. McAdam Architects British Airways flight BA872 – daily flight flight –daily BA872 flight Airways British 2. TheBicultural2. Practice other locations and areas (2007–2012). areas and locations other Practice Research Symposium Six, Six, Symposium Research Practice Barcelona, November, 2013. 2013. November, Barcelona, from London to Moscow. . Diagram of Bicultural Bicultural of . Diagram

19 3. Mirror, Mirror

What are the underlying characteristics of the partners, and how do they work in practice? 22 Valery Goloverov and Irina Goloverova Goloverova Irina and Goloverov Valery 3. Mirror, Mirror (Kalinina’s parents) and they are delighted with the way the house works for them. works house the way the with delighted are they and completion its since over today. ten years been there live It has still they and 2003 Th restored. was peace family and design approved of them the both changes, minor afew After toshow mymodel parents. a cardboard made and of drawings upaset weworked studio, Moscow our In of space. use and light maximising whilst vistas, internal and areas, shaded terraces, spaces, secluded created which happy. Th both them make would simple Iknew solution, and which aclear upwith come to it aweekend only took houses, for private designs on worked numerous having specifi site was the and out bythem Th averanda. and pool asmall with simple house a them Idesigned in. tostep Ihad sides, both atmefrom coming complaints the of other. Tired toeach talking stopped eventually they other’seach suggestions, criticizing and arguing sketching, years two After together. house the to design decided and Krasnodar in plot of land asmall bought they 2000, In demonstrated. Th exchange. avoid professional steadfastly work, but they their about dotalk they Inevitably unit. same the in not teach will they design, urban diff in worked always and home. of work Th troubles back the not bring could they way that not would work together, because they that a pact made they students still While university. since together been have they us, like and architects, both Th profession. same the of sharing risks the known have must My parents other. the than or well-known more successful becomes commitment. Th personal alongside relationships working their tomaintain manage some of them only that noticed Ihave couples, of creative lives the Researching collaboration. infl all are Rivera Diego and Kahlo Frida and Eames, Ray and Charles Peter Smithson, and Alison architecture. and art in not uncommon are collaborators Male-female partnership. any toform way best the is my opinion, this In parties. drunken afew and of exchange student of aprogram aresult as ago over years 20 established was partnership our and Russian, Iam British, is James partners, andhow dothey work in practice? What are the underlying characteristics of the is is clearly the best way for them, as the process of designing their own home own their of designing process the as for way them, best the clearly is is uential examples. However, not all artistic partnerships lead naturally to naturally lead partnerships artistic However, not all examples. uential e design was for two white-rendered, interlocking, L-shaped volumes, volumes, L-shaped interlocking, white-rendered, for two was edesign is is due to various reasons, including situations where one partner one where partner situations including reasons, due tovarious is is erent fi elds. Even now, as professors of architecture and and architecture of professors as now, Even elds. c and contained. With this information, and and information, this With contained. c and e house and the pool were completed in in werecompleted pool the and ehouse e brief was already well worked- well already was ebrief ey have kept this promise promise this kept have ey ey are Family house in Krasnodar (McAdam Architects) Architects) (McAdam Krasnodar in house Family Family house in Krasnodar (McAdam Architects) Architects) (McAdam Krasnodar in house Family 3. Mirror, Mirror Concept model model Concept Site Plan

23 24 3. Mirror, Mirror Family house, Krasnodar Ground plan floor First floor plan floor First Section View from end of garden looking looking ofgarden end from View Family house in Krasnodar in house Family back to house and pool and tohouse back Family house in Krasnodar in house Family 3. Mirror, Mirror First floor study floor First

25 26 South Winchcombe Manor from across the valley in the Kent Downs, 2012. Kent Downs, the in valley the 3. Mirror, Mirror Misha McAdam (aged four) (aged McAdam atSouth Misha Winchcombe Manor, 2012 number of minor alterations. (South Winchcombe Manor is Grade 2* listed). We We listed). 2* Grade is Manor invented and invisible, now almost are that interventions Winchcombe structural serious made (South alterations. minor of number some later eliminating carefully and additions. important everything preserving building, medieval We fought home the in family asustainable hard designing months many We through been have for Listed Building Consent to make a notwe have done before. something was but this clients, for our houses new afew completed –wehave too us, element attracted Perhaps of the novelty windows. its from visible building no other with situated happily is Winchcombe lanes. country narrow and pheasants valley in the Kent –afairytale setting Downs’ beautiful the largely was decision unexpected for this reason Th cheaper! certainly quicker, be and would build Anew scratch. from house modernist anice building but than not quite –rather aruin, –almost old house an such repair tobuy and family architectural for choice an astrange Perhaps it was how tofi discussing and thing! the blasted x sketching nights late spend now happily home, project wecan the bybringing since professional, and of domestic fusion perfect It the is down. falling almost until fi was Manor specifi a house problem bybuilding this resolved (since 2012), years two partially wehave last the In architecture. family, outings, friends, children, are work about –there athome totalk wedonot time have that before cooking, partners and complained always wehave contrary, athome. Onthe communication professional colleagues and friends, other were We Th afamily. we became James. things with have I that that one the to constantly diff very are mediation family in exercises However, these distract us from rst built in 1320 as a medieval hall, and then was repeatedly modifi repeatedly was then and hall, 1320 amedieval in built as rst cally for ourselves - or rather, rebuilding one. South Winchcombe Winchcombe one. South -or rather, rebuilding for ourselves cally is is probably why we have never needed to restrict our ‘area of outstanding beauty’ erent working relationships relationships erent working , with rolling hills, cows, cows, hills, rolling , with ed, e samples found on-site from the time of Queen Anne of Queen time on-site found the from samples matching tiles ceramic custom-made and doors We salvaged have casements. window details with double glazing that seamlessly compliment the 18th century bathrooms instead of one. It is very exciting. of one. It very is instead bathrooms three are there and perfect is sequence nowthe fi entrance light; natural with lled are interiors dingy the layout; improvement the the in feel you can clear; and Winchcombe’s end of for 2014. the set is completion date Th athome. it byhand draw fi it ourselves tounderstand –wehad practice for the expensive too Th it ourselves. grasping scarcely while the all job architect, Post or toa aCrown lintel atraditional how todraw long toexplain too taking just It project. was refurbishment historic an in details sensitive numerous are job. Th At fi rst we tried to run the Winchcombe project in the studio, just like any other other any like just studio, the in project Winchcombe the torun wetried rst is worked as far as a scheme design. After that we had to take it away: there there it away: totake wehad that After design. ascheme as far as worked is Queen Anne (1701-1714) Anne Queen of reign the from architecture Baroque English style: Anne 1 Queen Alterations to west elevation, 2014. elevation, towest Alterations South Winchcombe Manor. 1 . e spaces are all formed formed all are espaces e process was getting getting was eprocess 15th century crown post of post crown century 15th rst, then later medieval hall. Structrual interventions. Detail of new steel steel ofnew Detail interventions. Structrual 3. Mirror, Mirror South Winchcombe Manor. bay on east elevation. structure tosupport structure

27 28 Reuters Editorial news rooms, Moscow Moscow rooms, news Editorial Reuters 3. Mirror, Mirror Contrast flooring, 1996. (Alsop Architects). today, as we are in the process of starting our own development company. own our of starting process the in today, weare as bankers). Th and lawyers to talking atease feels (he at‘corporate socializing’ excellent also He was budget. offi our in systems implementing and requirements corporate the atunderstanding good very was James “unacceptable” response at 9.00am Moscow time (6.00am in London), that the document was Petroleum from an objectively impressive client list: Th list: client impressive objectively an from Moscow, in webenefi practices ‘Western’ few architectural one very of the As 1993 2007. between and Moscow in of working atmosphere general the and colleagues our clients, –byour environments business byour shaped were habits working our years, of 25. early tender age the the In from practice own our creating while to‘reinvent wheel’ the instead opting practices, other in working experience little 11, Chapter in very Ihave and James explained As subject. on the ideas open and frank able torelay weare as communication, this way. Th transparent and aclear in information share and negotiate weencourage, which in way intimate –the other each with communication our is practice of our strength But the planners. with consultants; with builders; with words; and sketches through team of design members with drawings; and presentations through clients –with information sharing constantly are we projects other. Onprofessional each with to‘communicate’ ability deep our again proved has design’ of ‘home process intimate very this else: something is But there Boston First Suisse at Credit meeting for aboard Report Progress a30-page sending Iremember gloss. highly-professional with on time delivered and perfect tobe had effi and of service level but the of Russia), conditions toclimatic details standard of their most toadjust Moscow, having around and in stations tenBP petrol built ciency that these clients demanded was very high. Everything we produced weproduced Everything high. very was demanded clients these that ciency 5 in London to the director of their real estate department, and getting a getting and department, estate real of their director London tothe in Moscow in 1995. off an opened which Bank Investment in ice American Boston: First Suisse 5 Credit off an opened 1997. which in Bank Moscow in ice Investment American Sachs: Goldman 4 Russia. in stations petrol ‘western’ first ofthe building and activities ‘upstream’ in involved were They 1990s. the in Russia in active extremely was (BP) Petroleum 3 British time. atthe events tocover room news editorial large a opened and 1990s, the in Moscow in active very was which agency –news 2 Reuters 3 , Goldman Sachs , Goldman – I had omitted two commas and misspelled one word. misspelled and commas two omitted –Ihad ce to ensure that projects were delivered on time and within ose commercial instincts remain essential to the practice practice tothe essential remain instincts commercial ose 4 , etc. Th , etc. e work itself was not always glamorous (we glamorous not always was ework itself e British Council, Reuters Council, eBritish e personal dimension adds more to adds dimension epersonal 2 , British , British tted Jones Lang Lasalle, Moscow (McAdam (McAdam Moscow Lasalle, Lang Jones Aviapark Off Aviapark for study development ice Architects), 2003. (Alsop Architects). New foyer with with foyer New Architects). (Alsop Gillette Moscow Headquarters display cabinets, 1999. cabinets, display (McAdam Architects). New reception, 2003. reception, New Architects). (McAdam British Council Teaching Centre Council British 3. Mirror, Mirror

29 30 3. Mirror, Mirror Proposed site plan, 2000. plan, site Proposed Domodedovo Airport. Closed completion Closed of care for a subservient role. He resented this approach and had no patience for no patience had approach and role. this He resented for asubservient of care duty and ethics professional his not compromise would who for James, impossible professional advice or pragmatic solutions. Working in this environment was Th society. toRussian back hierarchy master/slave medieval almost brought system Th work ethic. adecent was lacked Russians New the What Riviera.” French the or inflSwitzerland to avisit magazines, whether uences, disparate numerous from rapidly interests and upideas pick can they energetic, and Jeremy Melvin Jeremy during our time in Moscow: the New Russians New the Moscow: in time our during ‘the with Along corporates’, diff we a with very to had deal graduates. on as taken employees who wehad byex-McAdam opened been have practices architectural new six 2000, Since learn. tocompletion. Th concept a project –from of stage towork on every has member Every work streams. the across rotation staff of our for all program training We arigorous created staff our of rest on the criteria strict these impressed and bythis, Iwereshaped and James Both standards. high exactingly with aggressive, was climate Moscow’s business ese clients expected their architects to do as they weretold, not toprovide they todoas architects their expected clients ese Academy of Art’s architecture program. program. architecture ofArt’s Academy Royal tothe Consultant writer. and historian architectural –British Melvin 7 Jeremy economy. to amarket transition chaotic Russia’s during methods criminal byusing wealth rapid achieved who characters Cliched Russia. post-Soviet in class business newly-rich Russians: New 6 The .We itmotto: our made 7 : “Travelled but not necessarily cultured (kultiviert) and always clever clever always and (kultiviert) cultured “Travelled necessarily not but Everything leaving the offi the leaving Everything is has proven a very eff proven avery has is 6 . Th ese people were, according to according were, people ese e collapse of the Soviet Soviet of the ecollapse , which included strict strict included , which erent group of clients erent of group clients ce has to be perfect ective way to way ective

. well-received and published in Russia and the UK. the and Russia in published and well-received was which 2000, in Forest Pine in House the completed and of projects number on a successfully We collaborated since have for meagain. late been never has tofi furious been client’s secretary called me in my offi of the eyes following me, and whispers that we would defi wewould that whispers and me, following eyes of the door. the Th towards moved upand stood elapsed, time the as and minutes, 30 for more not than wait Iwill that receptionist the to Iexplained out wait. loud the about werecomplaining and hours, over three for there been area). had Some ‘priyemnaya’ (reception, his waiting ten people in fi for the him to meet went and competition, We aclosed for for appointments project in hours. won this people wait notorious for making was Pine Forest the in House for the client Our maintained. was peace and it when well worked werecases there Th respect. with –treated architects we – the and successful, projects weremaintained, relationships the toensure of boundaries, set these people. Th people. these is was my fi was is nd out that I was gone. We rescheduled the meeting, and he and meeting, the gone. We Iwas nd rescheduled out that rst time in his offi his in time rst eld of expertise: with every Russian client I created a Icreated client Russian every with ofeld expertise: ce the next day, in tears, as our client had ce. When we arrived, there were about wereabout there wearrived, When ce. ere was general horror in some horror in general erewas e system was not perfect but not perfect was esystem nitely lose the job. Th job. the lose nitely e The House in the Pine Forest Pine the in House The 3. Mirror, Mirror (McAdam Architects), 2000. Architects), (McAdam

31 32 Diagram from Geert Hofstede’s book book Hofstede’s Geert from Diagram and Organisations’ research project. culture, originallybasedontheIBM avoidance inacountry’suncertainty (AUI); ameasure forthedegree of Uncertainty Avoidance Index weak tostrong) dimensions ofnationalculture (from unknown situations.One ofthe feel threatened by ambiguousor to whichthememberofaculture Uncertainty Avoidance cultures (from smalltolarge) One ofthedimensionsnational that power isdistributedunequally. expectandaccept within acountry of institutionsandorganizations which thelesspowerful members Power Distance 3. Mirror, Mirror

– ; theextentto Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty Power Distance versus ; theextent

‘Cultures ‘Cultures countries. We were very young when we met, so we could align our practices practices our align wecould so wemet, when We young werevery countries. probably because diff we cultural But despite the have very similar social backgrounds, indexes. critical of these both in apart albeit far very are Britain in diff as critical indices for analyzing cultural diff Index Avoidance Uncertainty and Index Power the Distance describes Hofstede elements.” inboth survive to beable to skills special ittakes - and water like is culture another while breathe, we air the like us to is culture own “Our As Geert Hofstede elegantly summarises in his book, book, his in summarises elegantly Hofstede Geert As diff Our people. not toalarm as so my on-site, volume Iadjusted Britain in working shouting’. ‘by Obviously Russia his measured approach worked fi where contractors international with often was experience construction his Luckily ignored. be would and requests, his in urgency noton-site, conveying therefore voice his not raise would James etc. drivers, consultants, builders, clients, with diff my cultural and James erences come both from our cultural backgrounds and our personalities. personalities. our and backgrounds cultural our from both come erences Importance for Survival, Geert Hofstede, 2010. Hofstede, Geert Survival, for Importance 8 Cultures and Organisations, Software of the Mind. ofthe Software Organisations, and Cultures erences were boldly apparent in Russia, in our work our in Russia, in apparent wereboldly erences erences James, and I share similar values. Th values. similar Ishare and James, erences in ne. Conversely, projects quite afew Ibuilt erences. It is evident that Russia and and Russia that evident is It erences. Intercultural Cooperation and its its and Cooperation Intercultural Cultures and Organizations In the same book book same the In erent is is 8 : regularly at TsUM, and even named two of his dogs after the owners. the after dogs of his two atTsUM, named even and regularly Th Mirrielees. Archibald and Muir Andrew Scotsmen, two Th Bolshoi the store behind department gothic grey century, there were a number of British businessmen in Moscow. in TsUM businessmen of British were anumber there century, Chekhov. of late-19th Anton By of humour the sense tothe Perhaps it similar is diffi sometimes humour, and Russian and English of both combination a peculiar is of humour, which sense abizarre weshare together years 20 After laughing. and sketching bytalking, practice our run and projects our We design both ideas and directions new accept and toinitiate ability for excess - dislike - love exciting for the simple and clean for the - appreciation - work ethic - We alot ground. is of common But there doshare: fi vs football computer skills few very vs - computer skills paper tracing vs books - sketch control vs - delegation - - design skills (scale, diff (scale, skills design decision-making quick vs - patience intuition vs - logic - international and English (Russian, skills communication speaker Russian native vs speaker English - native - symbiotic: are skillsets personal diff Iare and James history, shared despite our and identities, professional of our part essential an is biculturalism our Although years. over the other’seach country in together of practicing skills’ ‘special our developing professionally, together We up terms. weregrowing professional in and broad terms in practice our and

cult for other people to understand. people for tounderstand. other cult clients, consultants, etc.) consultants, clients, central Moscow. central in building Revival-style Gothic Six-storey Store. Department 9 TsUM: Universal Central gure-skating... erent stages) erent characters. As a result our our aresult As erent characters. eatre, was built in 1900 in for built was eatre, e playwright shopped shopped playwright e 9 , the , the Manifestation of Culture atDiff ofCulture Manifestation of erent Levels certain statesofaff certain Values insiders. these practices are interpreted by the lies precisely andonlyintheway meaning, however, isinvisibleand theirculturalto anoutsideobserver; practices been subsumedundertheterm Symbols, heroes, andritualshave essential. a culture, are considered socially reach desired endsbutthat,within that are technicallysuperfl uousto Rituals for behaviour. in aculture asmodels andthusserve characteristics thatare highlyprized real orimaginary, whopossess Heroes share theculture. recognized assuchonlyby thosewho meaningthatis a particular pictures, orobjectsthatcarry Symbols are broad tendenciestoprefer are persons,alive or dead, are collective activities are words, gestures, Depth, Cultures and Organizations and Cultures Depth, . As suchtheyare. As visible 3. Mirror, Mirror airsover others. Geert Hofstede

33 34 3. Mirror, Mirror pioneer in the fi pioneer the in American an by theory organizational old) (very one in expressed be can it days modifi been have studios our in authority Iexercise and James ways the years, the Over - working with each other: refl other: each with working - working- with people in the studio: no apparent leadership My father is a fantastic chess player who could see fi see could who player chess afantastic is My father UK. the as setting ademocratic such in comfortable tofeel journey along personal to make I had 1990–2000), between decade unruly asingle from (apart indoctrination control was of principles main the Russia post-Soviet in USSR and the in that Considering situation.” the from orders their take to agree should both but person, another to orders give not should person One that... obey to and situation ofthe law the discover to situation, ofthe inastudy concerned all unite to orders, giving the depersonalize to is My solution given...? orders no practically and orders, ingiving bossism great too parental wisdom and all its implications were lost on me at the time. on were lost meatthe implications its all and wisdom parental own.” our than people’s mistakes other recognize to easier “It always is off pieces the upor throw give Th myself. playing Iwas when feeling same the had But Inever did. they before spot mistakes even could and logic the follow Icould game, the understand Icould that feel would play, them Watching I cooking. of my mother’s perpetual ingredients – essential dill and of garlic smells on bythe enveloped for end, hours table kitchen at our motionless sitting or brother afriend, his with playing him watched Ioften a child Th we now? How do work together

ere are two main principles: main two ereare (the situation is the leader) the is (the situation ed and adjusted, depending on location, projects and size of studio. But these But these of studio. size and projects on location, depending adjusted, and ed pioneer in the fields of organizational theory and organizational behaviour. organizational and theory oforganizational fields the in pioneer and consultant worker, management social American (1868-1933): Follett Parker Mary 10 eld, Mary Parker Follett e game would absorb me. I would get emotional and eventually eventually and emotional get me.Iwould absorb would egame the board. My father’s explanation was very simple: simple: very was My father’s explanation board. the ection on/off ection 10 : “How can we avoid the two extremes: extremes: two the avoid we “How can each other and and other each ve moves ahead in a game. As As agame. in ahead ve moves ‘relay’ Th is piece of piece is worthy to protect (this is described in Chapter 14 Chapter in -Th described is (this protect to worthy wefi that project ofeach essence creative –the Spot’ ‘Black ofthe integrity the protecting and quality, the ensuring design, the work, enhancing ofour all We are refl are We mirror. that is together working to fi sketching from initial or symmetry construction perspective in mistakes imperfections, possible the tosee amirror in apicture examine Th of aproject. stage atany other’s opinions and onWe rely each help, advice can benefi that away in other of the shoulder’ over the to‘look of us each toallow to apply of it way practice, toour other each licensed and maxim, this absorbed Ihave and James Subconsciously, own. our than mistakes people’s other torecognize easier It always by chapter, is bychapter test. test scientifi the see Icould book, the through way my To choices. all our why wemake my how surprise, and depth in he analyzes Later, I came across Daniel Kahneman’s book book Kahneman’s Daniel across came I Later, e Renaissance artists often used mirrors while painting or drawing. Th or drawing. painting while mirrors used often artists eRenaissance ecting ecting on/off each other to run our practice. Th practice. our run to other each ts a project or a process rather than stalling it. stalling than rather aproject or aprocess ts ‘Th c proof of my father’s statement: inking, Fast and Slow’ and Fast inking, nal strokes. Our process of process Our strokes. nal is refl e Black Spot). eBlack ective relay pervades ective relay pervades ey would , in which which , in nd 3. Mirror, Mirror

35 4. Made in the USSR

How important is life background to the mental space of an architect? 38 Change of the Guard of Honour at the monument monument atthe ofHonour Guard ofthe Change to major monuments to the fallen heroes of Great ofGreat heroes fallen tothe monuments to major Patriotic War (World War II) in all big cities across across cities big War all II)in War (World Patriotic Krasnodar. Main street - Ulitsa Krasnaya on day day on Krasnaya -Ulitsa street Main Krasnodar. teenage Guards of Honour were stationed next next stationed were ofHonour Guards teenage of the Unknown Soldier, Krasnodar, 1981. I am Iam 1981. Krasnodar, Soldier, Unknown of the by Valeriy Goloverov (architect) and Vladimir Vladimir and (architect) Goloverov by Valeriy Zhdanov (sculptor). During Soviet times the the times (sculptor). Soviet Zhdanov During on the right. The monument was designed designed was monument The right. the on 4. MadeintheUSSR My mother and I on atrolleybus, Ion and mother My of ‘Kossack’ parade, 2010. parade, of ‘Kossack’ the country. the April 1970. April to the profession, try as they might to stay away. tostay Boyarsky Nicholas might they as try profession, to the drawn inevitably almost are of architects children the −I’m that aware families me. me. Th heads. pupils’ other in ideas puts and classes during Th to me in rather colourful Th kind. of any vocabulary atauniversity studies their tocontinue enough that their task is to high (no train one ever), grades got PTU no has one atthis that Ilearn soon Sadly, very factory workers. by my parents). abit of everything totry encouraged been Ihad Ichild −as engraving sculpting, (model-making, hands the todowith else everything and garments, constructing I’m which confi grades, good the Moscow Doesn’t Believe inTears Doesn’t Believe Moscow fi seen Having industry’. the through ‘growing like in lms believe sincerely and Moscow. asocialist, in Iam atTextilny Institute Department Design Fashion the joining then and there ayear tospending aview with dressmaking, to study college) technical (professional PTU local the Ijoin Instead time. atthe Russia in todoso establishment best −the (MARKHI) Institute Architectural at Moscow My parents expect me to leave Krasnodar metoleave expect My parents 17,At Ifi designer. afashion tobe going Iam I’m not them: tojoin determined and belong, both my parents towhich ‘institution’ the as large looms Architecture books. selling at25, he was that before architecture of 14. architects both are My parents architect!” an be to want never “I Krasnodar space of anarchitect? How important islife background to the mental e PTU is not a place for some stuck-up, middle class girl who corrects teachers teachers corrects who girl class for some stuck-up, not is aplace middle ePTU It was a big scandal and I had to leave. to Ihad and scandal abig It was nish school − and its intensive English course – with excellent grades. grades. excellent –with course English intensive its −and school nish way up from the factory floor to become director. tobecome floor factory the from way up 3 today. working architecture in names biggest ofthe some produced school the stewardship, devoted his Under 1971-1990. Association, Architectural ofthe Chairman was Boyarsky Alvin father His University. atRMIT program Research Practice on candidate fellow Boyarsky, 2 Nicholas Perestroyka. after 1990 in Krasnodar in practices architectural private toopen first very the were They 1980s. and 1970s the in Projects Civil Krasnodar for planning ofurban department of the head Goloverova, Irina 1980s. and 1970s the in Krasnodar in architect city chief Goloverov, 1 Valery

Popular Soviet film by Vlaimir Menshov 1979. The leading character, Katya, works her her works Katya, character, leading The 1979. Menshov byVlaimir film Soviet Popular 3 I declare to my parents (and the world) at the age age world) (and atthe the tomy parents Ideclare , I know that you just have to work hard and get get and towork hard have you just that , Iknow dent I can. I am very good at sewing, knitting, knitting, atsewing, good very Iam dent Ican. 1 , and I have a few friends from architectural architectural from friends afew Ihave , and

for Moscow and to study architecture architecture tostudy and for Moscow eir institution did not want not want did institution eir e director explains 2 came to in Russia, Kazakhstan,Ukraine, Poland, and theUnited States. recognized asadiscrete ethnicity. Th In Russia’s 2010Population Census, Cossackswere fi 1943. Th German Army between August 12,1942andFebruary 12, During the World War II,Krasnodar wasoccupiedby the famine of1932–33(Golodomor). lands were subjectedto‘Decossackization’ andtheman-made White movement. oftheRedWith Army, thevictory theCossack and Cossackrepublics becamecentres fortheAnti-Bolshevik theeff troops formed fi After theRevolution of1917,Don andKuban Cossackswere the Russia. communitieslocatedinUkrainesemi-military andinSouthern East Slavic peoplewhobecameknown asmembersofdemocratic, imperial borders. Cossacks(kazaki)are agroup ofpredominantly Th renamed Krasnodar ‘Gift oftheReds’. In 1920,asaresult oftheOctober Revolution, Yekaterinodar was granting oflandintheKuban region totheBlack Sea Cossacks. name meant“Catherine’s Gift”, recognizing Catherine theGreat’s Krasnodar rstnationstodeclare openwaragainsttheBolsheviks.Cossack ecityoriginatedasafortress builtby Cossackstodefend ecitysustainedheavydamageandhumanlosses. wasfoundedin1794as Yekaterinodar. Th ective core oftheanti-Bolshevik White Army, ere are Cossackorganizations nally e original Avrora Cinema (1967, architect Evgeny Serdukov) Evgeny (1967, architect Cinema Avrora and Dom Knigi (House of Books), built in 1972, 1972, in built ofBooks), (House Knigi Dom and Examples of my father’s architectural architectural ofmyfather’s Examples My favourite buidings in Krasnodar: in buidings favourite My 4. MadeintheUSSR architect A.Yakimenko. drawings 1968-1971. drawings

39 40 picture) with Yuri Gagarin (right) two months months two (right) Yuripicture) with Gagarin My grandfather, Ivan Remizov (tall, centre of (tall, Remizov centre Ivan grandfather, My 4. MadeintheUSSR after his first space flight. space first his after Kaluga in winter in Kaluga Cosmonautics, Boris Barkhin, 1961. Barkhin, Boris Cosmonautics, State Museum of the History of History ofthe Museum State My favourite building in Kaluga. Kaluga. in building favourite My energy source. energy mentioned it.He wasagreat believer innuclearpower asan and Isuspectthenuclearprogram aswell –althoughhenever with hisfamily. He wasinvolved intheSoviet Space Program, grandfather, acommunicationsoffi andastronautics. Afterthe fathers ofrocketry World War II,my of astronautic theory. He isconsidered tobeoneofthefounding 1935), whowasaRussian andSoviet rocket scientistandpioneer placeofKonstantin Kalugaisthebirth Tsiolkovsky (1857- became obsessedwithspaceexploration andfuturisticshapes. Th the South,itgave meareal understandingoftheRussian climate. mother’s parents lived.there As wasnosnow inmyhometown in Kaluga. ere inKaluga,Ifi IspentmanywinterholidaysinKaluga,where my rstbegantoread sciencefi cer, wasmoved toKaluga ctionbooks,and that I go to Moscow anyway, and sit the entrance exams to MARKHI. “ toMARKHI. exams entrance sit the and anyway, toMoscow Igo that Th events. these watching patient while werevery My parents Moscow constructivists also set new rules for town planning. All internal courtyards should should courtyards internal All planning. for town rules new set also constructivists Th shared. was facilities) sport rooms, readings kitchens, (bathrooms, else all spaces, “personal” only werethe bedrooms the where estates, housing revolutionary Th freedom. and openness of collectiveness, on ideals were based Th 1920s. the in problem this tackle to ones the were constructivists Th etc. properties, industrial disused barracks, basements, into uninhabitable people weresquashed population; of the urbanisation the with not cope could stock Th crises. housing massive faced had Russia Revolution, the After aff design, urban and Moscow’s architecture through manifested was change which in way me.Th fascinated aspect Union, Soviet but end of one the the particular Th more interesting. more and becoming world was of Moscow surrounding the tochange, refusal institution’s bythe frustrated and werebored students the although Luckily, us. around all werehappening that changes the tomatch program the upgrading in 1934. since Th no variation been had there archaic, was syllabus the boring: it when turned toarchitecture, wegot until good all It was model-making. composition, &architecture, of art it. Th designers, opera singers, rock bands...” Th end! the at don’t architect bean you to And have composition... of art, they said, Tower, Moscow, Vladimir Shukhov, 1922. ere was a lot of political and social upheaval in the lead-up to Perestroika and and toPerestroika lead-up the in upheaval social and alot of political erewas e fi The Shukhov (Shabolovka) Radio Radio (Shabolovka) Shukhov The rst three years were brilliant, and Ihoned my fi and werebrilliant, years three rst ecting human behaviour on a grand scale. on agrand behaviour human ecting “it’s the best general education there is −abitoffi is there education history general best the sculpture, art, ne “it’s Off I went to MARKHI and loved it: all of loved it: all and Iwent toMARKHI MARHKI’s curricular since the 1920s. the since curricular MARHKI’s El Lissitsky Praun, 1922, MOMA 1922, Praun, El Lissitsky composition were imbedded in in imbedded were composition His teaching of principles e Institute had no interest no interest had eInstitute ne art, sculpture, history history sculpture, art, ne ey tentatively suggested suggested tentatively ey e existing housing housing eexisting ey built a few afew built ey eir eir solutions ere are book book are ere is the was After all” After e e , Olympic Stadium (Olympisky), large indoor arena arena indoor (Olympisky), large Stadium Olympic The Rusakov Worker’s Club, Moscow. Konstantin Konstantin Moscow. Club, Worker’s Rusakov The Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU) University State Moscow Lomonosov built for 1980s Moscow Olympic Games Olympic Moscow 1980s for built 4. MadeintheUSSR My favourite buildings in Moscow in buildings favourite My (from top tobottom) top (from Melnikov, 1929

41 42 In 1989, while studying at MARKHI, I was involved involved Iwas atMARKHI, studying while In 1989, understood that I could not be a Paper Architect: Architect: aPaper be not Icould that understood task was to design a new raked floor to replace toreplace floor raked anew todesign was task steel. On the day of completion I was ecstatic. I ecstatic. Iwas ofcompletion day the On steel. House of Communes, Communes, of House Masterplan for redevelopment of areas around around ofareas redevelopment for Masterplan and then watched with awe how the shapes of shapes the awehow with watched then and in refurbishing the cinema in this building. My My building. this in cinema the refurbishing in I wanted to see things built to my designs, no no tomydesigns, built things tosee I wanted 1931) was used as a hostel for MARKHI in the the in MARKHI for a hostel as used was 1931) the main railway station in Krasnodar by Irina byIrina Krasnodar in station railway main the the model were constructed in plywood and and plywood in constructed were model the the original flat one. For this I built a model, amodel, Ibuilt this For one. flat original the 1960s. My parents lived in this building as as building this in lived parents My 1960s. 4. MadeintheUSSR Moscow (Ivan Nikolaev, (Ivan Moscow students, 1960–1966. matter how small. how matter Goloverova, 1970. Goloverova, ‘housing revolution’ had arrived. Th arrived. revolution’ had ‘housing long-awaited and unprecedented Finally, the apartments. private own into their 1956 wererehoused people 1964, million and 54 Between factor. driving the Khrushev Nikita when was –speed principles toconstruction elements design –from death, limited strictly Stalin’s after choices and 1964, standardised, was in Everything of construction. type anew created happened that policies housing country’s the in shift massive the it’s tounderestimate reasons, impossible For these paranoia. and post- of fear other, perpetuate on and each part inform neighbours, the for people topolice integral an were bathroom, one per Russia.”war families 9–10 as many as sometimes fl communal the exploited regime Stalinist the this, More pride. than collective werefi structures’ stimulate to country the around ‘idealized andshown lmed benefi atleast could they apartments, individual in live could not everyone although that population tothe toemphasize needed had 1930s,From early Stalin the Th awhole. as quality. solutionthe country for the poor and slow very were time atthe available methods 1940s. the However, construction the until widespread least for fi at breakthrough and windows, openable have should fl any in of rooms half spaces habitable all ventilation, have ats for political control: for political ats t from public facilities like the metro, concert halls and stadiums. Th stadiums. and halls concert metro, the like public facilities t from Lack of personal space and privacy created the ideal environment environment ideal the created privacy and space of personal Lack ghting disease, especially since antibiotics would not become not become would antibiotics since especially disease, ghting at should have direct sunlight. Th sunlight. direct have should at “Kommunalki … where people were sharing apartments apartments sharing were people …where “Kommunalki e death of architecture was a birth of the of the abirth was of architecture edeath e constructivists’ vision could not provide Irina Goloverova presenting designs for Jubilee Jubilee for designs presenting Goloverova Irina members of the city administration, 1981. administration, city ofthe members residential district in Krasnodar to senior tosenior Krasnodar in district residential ese rules were an amazing amazing werean rules ese ese 4 mainstream. Rock groups like Aquarium, DDT, Aquarium, Kino Pompilius and Nautilus like groups Rock mainstream. grip on society, the underground elements fl songs toVysotsky’s listen people could kitchens, private their in Sitting emerged. culture Th Th tooutdoor space. access residents giving rivers, and toforests next outskirts, the in old towns, around werebuilt houses Th space. private own their in chose they however behave could For fi the citizen. private Th off Iwas Canterbury in term splendid afurther after and We for ayear-long exchange, student planned Canterbury and Moscow in collaboration. for further wepushed possibilities, tutors international by the excited expansion, and and Fascinated universities. two the between change exchange of atwo-week organised background this Against were performing in public and making records. Boris Grebenshikov’s Grebenshikov’s Assa Boris records. making yet” not Iam but dead and public in performing were Pozner heads. heads. students’ other in ideas putting and Europe around of running instead syllabus, to do with me. Th nothing have would Institute the atCanterbury, my studies tocontinue Iwished If not fi did my Canterbury project from and enough, e cultural consequences of this massive shift were enormous: a new underground underground anew wereenormous: shift massive of this consequences ecultural eUchebny Otdel 8 and 5 , listen to Radio Liberty toRadio , listen 11 It was a big scandal and I had to leave. to Ihad and scandal abig It was … Th Interdevochka 12 Research Department atMARKHI. Department 12 Research 11 Vladimir Pozner (b. 1934): broadcaster, presenter, TV writer. ofTaganka 1988–2011. head Theatre was director, theatre Yury Lyubimov10 (b.1917): 1989. Kunin, byVladimir abook on Based 9 time. of the 8 1990s. early ofthe Russia new tothe elements significant were These Perestroika. of time atthe mainstream became 1980s the from groups ofrock 7 Anumber fall of communism. ofthe time atthe 1980s in Union Soviet the in broadcast radio American Liberty: 6 Radio eff enduring culture. and Russian and immense Soviet on ect an had career whose actor and poet, singer-songwriter, (1938–1980): Vysotsky 5 Vladimir blocks. housing panel prefabricated offive-storey program building industrial for Responsible 1964. 1953- Union, Soviet ofthe Party Communist ofthe Secretary First Khrushev: 4 Nikita Assa: Interdevochka: e whole country was buzzing, and the world was changing. world was the and buzzing, was ewhole country film by Sergey Soloviev with the soundtrack by underground rock-bands byunderground soundtrack the with Soloviev bySergey film ey need ‘dedicated students’, who adhered to the established established students’, tothe adhered who ‘dedicated need ey 12 refused to support a one-year exchange (one bad was term exchange aone-year tosupport refused was coming to us from the radio. Controversial fi Controversial radio. the from tous coming like lms was ered the place. At this, the institution in Moscow balked. balked. Moscow in institution the this, At place. the ered 9 controversial film about a prostitute from Leningrad by Petr Todorovsky. byPetr Leningrad from aprostitute about film controversial (Inter-girl), plays directed by Lyubimov rst time in Russia’s history, the majority of the people people of the majority Russia’s the in history, time rst 6 , or create a piece of art. With the regime losing its its losing regime the With of art. apiece , or create ese settlements were called werecalled settlements ese ourished and quickly spilled into the into the spilled quickly and ourished t their approved curriculum). approved curriculum). t their e new prefabricated prefabricated enew 10 , free television, television, , free “Rock ‘n’ roll’s ‘n’“Rock roll’s microrayon 7 . was considered the founder of Russian rock music. rock ofRussian founder the considered was released albums by Elvis Prestly, Tom Jones, Cliff Tom Prestly, byElvis Jones, albums released Boris Grebenshchikov Melodia, The Red Wave Red The 1986, played an important role in legalization legalization in role important an played 1986, From the mid 1970s Western popular music music popular Western 1970s mid From the groups from Leningrad: Akvarium, Strange Strange Akvarium, Leningrad: from groups of Russian rock. It included songs by four byfour songs included It rock. of Russian the only sound house in the country country the in house sound only the Richard, Elton Jones and Boney M. Boney and Jones Elton Richard, 4. MadeintheUSSR , album released in the USA in in USA the in released , album found its way into the USSR. the wayinto its found with his band Aquarium Aquarium band his with Games, Alisa and Kino. and Alisa Games,

43 44 Barbican Centre, City of London. Multi-functional Multi-functional ofLondon. City Centre, Barbican performing arts centre, with adjacent housing. housing. adjacent with centre, arts performing working for Theo Crosby at Pentagram, 1990. atPentagram, Crosby Theo for working These are my drawings for the new delivery delivery new the for mydrawings are These access to the Barbican Centre, done while while done Centre, Barbican tothe access 4. MadeintheUSSR Chamberlin, Powell and Bon, 1982. Bon, and Powell Chamberlin, Foundation Soros from grant asmall toget help Imanaged their With support. it demanded architects, who generously decided to‘adopt’ decided me generously who architects, mostly werepeople, there walls school the beyond And fascinating. was course Th Th subjects. architecture. in own faith their tochoose there my teaching architects practicing the allowed ideas) AA the restored Canterbury at Studying cliff white the perfect, was weather –the felt incredible atDover byferry Arriving Th exchange! previous the during performance tomy ‘outstanding’ thanks whole year’s study mefor the not tocharge decided of Architecture School Canterbury And days. organisation or institution. Th institution. or organisation large any from adistance tokeep Iresolved experiences, of these aresult Perhaps as Conclusion butyear, longer. not aday academic end of the the till tostay permission Isecured ofMember Parliament those than better no Offi Home the to documents visa proved my submit to forgot institutions British some home.back Th of bureaucracy the However, but run my own small practice with James McAdam, on our own terms. own on our McAdam, James with practice small my own but run professors and critics and professors architects, –students, friends numerous help from massive without possible been have It alot wouldn’t of preparation. required England in tostudy MARKHI Leaving Canterbury Russia: Not in the single year single the in 2 1and Parts todoRIBA having my studies, completed help Isuccessfully their With alot of guidance. and work (and holiday income), lunches and free weekend s were spectacular; I thought I was going to jump overboard with excitement. with tojump overboard going Iwas Ithought s werespectacular; 17 Mosproject: large state design and project institute in Moscow. in institute project and design state large 17 Mosproject: 2. Part for exams sitting and work mycourse doing as well as 1991, in panel RIBA toan Moscow from work mystudent all topresent 1Ihad RIBA Part toget order in time, atthe Russia RIBAand between of qualification recognition no were There 16 UK. the in mystudies during help tremendous were others many and Schaik van Johan and Crosby, Ann Theo Thompson, John 15 culture. and arts rights; human publishing; press, ofafree expansion others; and oflibrarians education including activities society open support and toinitiate Curtain, Iron the behind from emerging countries in mostly Soros, George philanthropist and financier international bythe 14 Created UK. the into and ofMoscow out me getting in helpful most were others and Ryabov Mikhail (1940-2012), Glazyuchev Viacheslav (1959-1991), Mesheriakov Alexey 13 e studio work gave a sense of community; the integrated engineering engineering integrated the of community; asense work gave estudio 14 rough this mix of hard work and generosity, the plan came together. came generosity, plan work and the of hard mix this rough , as Russian money could not be exchanged for any currency in those those in currency for any not exchanged be could money Russian , as e admin department at the Canterbury School of Architecture of Architecture School Canterbury atthe department eadmin 16 . 13 . Th ey all thought the initiative was bold and brave, and that that and brave, bold and was initiative the thought all ey

It was a big scandal and I had to leave. to Ihad and scandal abig It was is is why I am not a General Director of Mosproject Director not aGeneral why Iam is is 15 . Th ce. With help from a local alocal help With from ce. ey gave me places to stay, e unit system (based on on (based system unit e 17 , for years to come? create the basisof practice How canonesingle event Project Imagination5. 46 5. Project Imagination Th possible. extraordinary something moment tomake ataparticular together comes story. Very of rarely, circumstances aset success any and career development professional of the any in conspire happenings and ataspecifi place right the in it tobe is international possibilities. Th possibilities. international USSR to the Union, opened had Soviet of the Party Communist of the Secretary for students graduating architectural adiffi been had nineties early the backdrop, optimistic tothe contrast In Russia. and Britain both in architecture on in going was of what understanding an had so and respectively, of Architecture, School Th mood. collaborative contribute tothis and in toparticipate position perfect the werein 1991, in Kalinina and exchange astudent completed Having McAdam new, on the tenuous contacts. tocapitalise keen institutions Russian and Western organizations both with wereabundant, exchanges and conferences Seminars, involved. tobe eager and intrigued was outside everyone and connections international tomake excited was Russia in Everyone emerge. to about was Russia excitement. Anew, amomentIt of democratic great was Union no exist. longer would Soviet the that announced and reins In practice for years to come? How canonesingle event create the basisof day. Project Imagination happened instead. happened day. Imagination Project of light the seen never and practices, large in intojobs unquestioningly moved probably have would Kalinina and McAdam nineties, early of the recession the Th situation. positive ahugely was this Ironically, practices. various employment with 1991, in graduated of low-paid having intermittent atime it was particular, in ey had spent several months at Moscow Architectural Institute and Canterbury Canterbury and Institute Architectural atMoscow months spent several had ey e Berlin Wall had fallen in November 1989. Mikhail Gorbachev November 1989. in fallen had Wall Mikhail eBerlin rough days of anxiety and austerity, there was time to sit and strategize. Without strategize. tosit and time was there austerity, and of anxiety days rough Outliers – Th recession followed a boom period in the late 1980s. late the in period aboom followed recession The prices. house falling and rates interest byhigh caused of1990–92: recession 3 UK 1991–1999. Federation Russian ofthe president first Yeltsin (1931–2007): 2 Boris 1985–1991. Union Soviet ofthe President only the and leader last Gorbachev: 1 Mikhail e Story of Success (2008) (2008) ofSuccess eStory en in August 1991, August enin Yeltsin Boris c moment in time, and how a series of events of events how aseries and c moment time, in

3 , Malcolm Gladwell describes how important how important describes Gladwell , Malcolm . Th ere was very little work. For McAdam For work. McAdam little very erewas 2 had taken over the over the taken had 1 , then General General , then cult time Project Imagination Project 5. Project Imagination event, November 1992, designed by designed 1992, November event, . Poster for the Moscow Moscow the for . Poster James McAdam. James

47 48 Letter from Mark Fisher referring to brochures tobrochures referring Fisher Mark from Letter to be used at the Project Imagination event, event, Imagination Project atthe used to be 5. Project Imagination November 1992. November Russian Avant-Garde Russian News of Project Imagination reached Catherine Cooke Catherine reached of Imagination Project News architects. British of well-known weresent toanumber part Moscow. leafl ahomemade Notepaper and by fellow graduate, Nick Bell werejoined Kalinina and McAdam momentum. gathered operation the From there, participants. suitable other with communicate and to suggest began Alison developed, arrangements As Peter participate. she and would both With eyebrows, raised Alison confi offi the alone let anyone, with talk small (who rejected Alison Smithson. Alison with discussed when understood proposition wereonly was of the it details that and timing the idea, agreed a good generally everyone Whilst Architecture. of School Canterbury for Alison and Peter and Smithson for Alison worked McAdam time, the At Canterbury. in together spent weekends architects young two the when deliberated and discussed was idea the months, For several Institute. Architectural atMoscow lectures give and workshops toMoscow, run architects Th press releases, and making posters and leafl and posters making and releases, press for workshops, briefs writing Cambridge, in ather house Bell and McAdam with morning the in four until She worked hands-on. and full Her involvement was athand. tasks tothe impetus much press, giving of Imagination, Project co-organiser and architectural the in apartner became thereby Catherine program. seminar and workshops ensuing the coverage encouraged content on the of advised and sponsors, and participants with Catherine meetings attended event. of status the lift to e idea was very simple, but logistically daunting: take a group of leading British British of agroup leading take daunting: but simple, logistically very was eidea and the 1930s. the and 1900 between architecture and art waveofmodern influencial Avant Garde: 7 Russian architecture. Modernist and Avant-Garde ofRussian ascholar (1942–2004): Cooke 6 Catherine ofArchitecture. School atCanterbury Kalinina, and ofMcAdam student fellow Bell: 5 Nick 1960s. and 1950s ofthe Brutalism with Associated renown. ofinternational practice architectural British Smithson: Peter and 4 Alison ce junior) took an active interest in the proposed Moscow venture. 7 . On hearing the details of the proposition, she committed proposition, of committed she the details the . Onhearing 5 . Th 4 e event was given a name – Project Imagination Imagination –Project aname given was eevent and Kalinina was completing her diploma at completing was Kalinina and rmed that, if the initiative came to fruition, tofruition, came initiative the if that, rmed et were printed, and invitations to take ets for the event. for the ets 6 , the leading scholar in in scholar leading , the 5. Project Imagination

49 50 Alison Smithson reading the keynote speech on Project Imagination, Imagination, Project Theo Crosby (left) and Peter Smithson (right) (right) Smithson Peter and (left) Crosby Theo workshop presentation, wearing red pioneer’s pioneer’s red wearing presentation, workshop Ian Ritchie (left) and Will Alsop (right) ata (right) Alsop Will and (left) Ritchie Ian 5. Project Imagination exchanging words at the event. atthe words exchanging the opening evening. opening the November 1992 November scarves. and Ove Arup and Partners and Arup Ove and Polly Hope, Ivor Richards, Will Alsop, Ian Ritchie, Mark Fisher, Richard Horden, Fisher, Mark Richard Ritchie, Ian Alsop, Will Polly Hope, Ivor Richards, Th Smithson, Peter & Alison organization, of months after Finally, eff superhuman Institute. Th by with Kalinina some little support from the International Department directly arranged was entertainment, and transport of provision food, work spaces, Prospekt. Th Leninsky at hostel student the in rooms, shared in provided be would Accommodation workshops. the torun counterparts British their upwith wereto team groups, Th for aweek. Imagination Project in engage Th ease. relative with forward moved Institute the within arrangements preliminary distributed, clearly tasks Rector, and bythe signed been order had an but since complicated, and unclear was Institute of aSoviet bureaucracy the with Kudriavtsev) (Alexander Rector tothe Imagination Project announced had they together and autumn, early in visited had McAdam of deportation. threat under to Moscow toreturn forced been and Canterbury in her studies completed had Kalinina materialize. would operation the of part second how the –and Moscow end in other atthe happening was of what Th press. architectural British of students from the Architectural Association Architectural the from of students Th Sponsorship to cover fl tocover Sponsorship e dates were set for 2–7 November, for 2–7 agroup wereset and 1992. edates Twenty architects British e plan was for the entire fi entire for the was eplan international relations and communications. and relations international for –off responsible Institute, Department Architectural 11 International Moscow at ice Construction. and ofArchitecture Academy ofRussian President 1986–2007. from Institute Architectural ofMoscow Rector Kudriavtsev: Alexander 10 headquarters in London. with group engineering multi-national multidisciplinary, &Partners: Arup 9 Ove architects. renowned ofmany origin the as noted London, in school architectural independent Association: 8 Architectural is was an unimaginable undertaking at the time, but through her but through time, atthe undertaking unimaginable an was is 10 and other contacts at Moscow Architectural Institute. Working Institute. Architectural atMoscow contacts other and orts all practical matters passed without incident. without passed matters practical all orts is, and other practical matters, including preparation of preparation including matters, practical other and is, ights and expenses was in place from Th from place in was expenses and ights 9 e only drawback was that the team had little idea idea little had team the that was drawback eonly fth year to suspend its regular studies in order to in studies regular its tosuspend year fth . Project Imagination had been announced in the the in announced been had Imagination . Project e professors, along with their student student their with along eprofessors, 8 wereconfi rmedasparticipants. e British Council eBritish eo Crosby and 11 11 of the the of 11

over language, food and transport. Th transport. and food over language, Stones’ stage sets. Th sets. Stones’ stage Rolling Floyd’s for the Pink and designs about his lecture him tosee students acrowd of over athousand Fisher drew –Mark enmasse wereattended Lectures era. of anew beginning the it was that commented tutors younger Some a festival. Th upside-down. Institute the turned Imagination Project Institute. for the toilets todesign was forward way only the that decided building, the around looked Fisher, Mark having balloons; own Horden his brought Richard architecture; studying and enjoyment teaching in Khrustalev Aleksey counterpart, headstrong bytheir wereabandoned and fabric city the diff completely something todo decided parties both others in and suggestions, totheir adapted architects British the others in adapted, they some cases In projects. own their proposed Th trashed! foyer was entrance main day, the werebroken next and for the windows spaces to prepare it diffi making this Besides Institute. atthe hall main the in concert arock was there opening, the before night tone, the To week. surreal the set abizarre It was fi for the Moscow grey, acold, snowy in London), arrived College (University Bartlett one the from and Association Architectural the from students Germany, nine from journalist Mick Brundell, Patricia Hey, McCarthy, Christopher Melanie Katrodutis, Simon Heron,Mull, George Hilbrandt, Robert Bunschoten, Raoul Hawley, Nat Chard, CJLim, Christine Jeremy a Peacock, journalist from the Architects Journal, a e Russian professors, despite receiving briefi despite receiving professors, eRussian 13 Olga Petunina: professor, Chair of Urban Design, Moscow Architectural Institute. Architectural Moscow Design, ofUrban Chair professor, Petunina: Olga 13 Architectural Institute. Moscow Architecture, ofIndustrial Chair professor, Khrustalev: 12 Aleksey 17 ; Ian Ritchie was virtually adopted by Olga Petunina byOlga adopted virtually was Ritchie ; Ian rst week of November 1992. week rst ere were parties every night. Th night. every erewereparties erent. Th erent. e Smithsons were set on making a study of astudy on making wereset eSmithsons ere were unforgettable moments –one erewereunforgettable ng papers and workshop themes, themes, workshop and papers ng ere were misunderstandings ereweremisunderstandings e atmosphere was one of was eatmosphere 18 in a quest for aquest in cult List of British and Russian Participants Participants Russian and ofBritish List English and Russian (+ 300 students (+ Russian students and 300 English as it appeard on Exhibition Panels in in Panels Exhibition on appeard it as 5. Project Imagination from Moscow)

51 52 5. Project Imagination the Russian journal journal Russian the Ruth Owens described the events in in events the described Owens Ruth architectural circles. Moscow in today retains still Imagination Project which London’ –amoniker Years of Th ‘After Six entitled: article mention of the ‘festival’ enjoyed by participants. enjoyed byparticipants. ‘festival’ mention of the little with contexts, educational and political straightforward event in the approached it that in serious, surprisingly was coverage press atmosphere, joyous the Against Th afl as and bythis, distracted most was Kalinina Institute. of the spaces and buildings various the between forth and back running and problems, logistic resolving wereconstantly tutors, assistant as workshops chosen with engaging alongside who organisers, for the task exhausting and ahuge was Imagination Project hostel. tothe back transport traditional of more lieu in of asnow onto back truck the climbed tenparticipants at least of agroup restaurants, one new in of Moscow’s obscure adinner after evening to help consider the contexts of proposed buildings. ofproposed contexts the consider help to sketching students her took Hey Melanie own. oftheir photographs and objects slides, with orsite ofabuilding image agiven to responding by indesign of individuality ideas the explore to students invited AA the from Katrodutis George and Heron Simon Th by considered were improvements scale small and Refurbishments photographs. exposure long taking and limbs their to lights fairy attaching by situations various out acting ofstudents movement the recorded London ofEast University the C JLim from and Nat Chard movement, human to interiors building relate to ofaproject part As flminimal area. oor ona institute forthe block toilet ahigh-tech yielded buildings existing transform to project design 24-hour Fisher’s Mark and Ian Ritchie pragmatically, more Somewhat collaboration. of models as ventures joint design to students Russian and AA of groups upsmall set AA the from Mull Robert and Bunschoten Raoul graduate. they when copewith to have will students which world the to relevance more with one to approach Many of the visitors’ projects sought to divert the Russians from their broad-brush is in itself was some feat! was itself in is uent bilingual architect she translated all of the major lectures at the event. event. atthe major lectures of the all she translated architect uent bilingual Architekturny Vestnik Architekturny inking Big, What Next for Russia?’ Whereas Whereas Russia?’ for Next What Big, inking Th e Architects Journal eArchitects labeled the event Th e Architects Journal eArchitects , 25 November 1992: ‘ Th eo Crosby’s group. e Invasion from from eInvasion released an Excerpt from exhibition panel for workshop run run workshop for panel exhibition from Excerpt by Will Alsop (right of centre), Vsevolod Kulish ofcentre), Kulish (right Vsevolod Alsop by Will Project Imagination article in in article Imagination Project 5. Project Imagination (left) and James McAdam James and (left) Journal , November 1992. , November (left ofcentre). (left The Architects Architects The

53 54 Exhibition panel for workshop run by Mark Fisher Fisher byMark run workshop for panel Exhibition Exhibition panel for workshop run by Alison and and byAlison run workshop for panel Exhibition 5. Project Imagination Peter Smithson. Peter and Ian Ritchie. Ian and Georgian architect Niko Djaparidze with of Art, Academy atTbilisi Imagination Project organised Kalinina and took the form of which events, Imagination Project workshops, werefurther there years few next the Over seminars and other initiatives. In 1996 McAdam Konstantin Melnikov heroes of Vkutemas of heroes in the Museum of Moscowof 1993, offi aMoscow opened they Architectural Th summer the old. In Russia. and Britain both in circles years 25 architectural in accepted and Institute, were Kalinina alongside and McAdam drawings by the in London. opening tothe wereinvited Institute the from of professors ahandful arrangement, reciprocal a 1993. As November in Architects British of Institute Royal the at Th versa. vice and participants, British the with contacts tangible them giving students, and architects Russian of young for anumber directions and lives It changed exchange. such in wereinterested sides both when and needed most it when was atatime Russia, new the and of Britain fi the forged Moscow Imagination Project climate. severe Moscow copewith to organized were buildings how understand to used tools ofseveral one –as Stockholm and Edinburgh as latitude same for55° diagram –the path asun North carrying were they basics, to back right Going infl pre-dated which west. the from architecture uences aRussian exploring Moscow, ringed which forts monastic the analyzed Smithsons the ofall, interesting most Perhaps event was similar to the original – Tblisi was unknown territory and at the time, time, atthe and territory unknown was –Tblisi original tothe similar was event e results of Project Imagination were made into an exhibition into an weremade of Imagination Project eresults McAdam and Kalinina in 1990s. in Kalinina and McAdam of employee and Colleague architect. Georgian Niko Djaparidze: 18 renown. ofinternational architect (1890-1974): Melnikov Constructivist 17 Konstantin renown. ofinternational architect Constructivist (1902-1959): Leonidov Ivan 16 birthplace of Constructivism. Most famous Constructivist architects studied there. the as Noted 1920. in Moscow in founded Technical School and Art State Vkhutemas: 15 Zlatkovskaia. Anastasya and Mouline Ilia Goloverova, Alexandra McAdam, byTanya James together Kalinina, put and designed were panels Imagination 14 Project 15 17 and the Constructivist movement, Ivan Leonidov movement, Ivan Constructivist the and . ce for Will Alsop. Th Alsop. for Will ce 18 . Whilst smaller in scale, the format of this of this format the scale, in smaller . Whilst rst real connections between the architects architects the between connections real rst ey had instantly become well-known well-known become instantly had ey e exhibition now hangs now hangs eexhibition 14 which was shown shown was which 16 and population. ‘Action: Housing’ remains a feature of the annual exhibition today. exhibition annual of the afeature ‘Action: remains population. Housing’ general tothe profession of the awareness toincrease was of this idea underlying Th studios. shops and apartments, –houses, projects private of their designs on the architects exhibiting with toconsult public were invited the where event, fi which Imagination Moscow, this is a recognised moment in recent Georgian architectural Th architectural Georgian recent in moment recognised a fi was is and history, incidents. and events memorable with lled this Moscow, Imagination Project with academy. atthe As professors Georgian alongside workshops ran and Th event. (Greece) the Papadopoulos attended Sotiris and (Israel), architects including Eugene Asse and diffi e most recent initiative under the Project Imagination label was ‘Action: Housing’ was label Imagination Project the under initiative recent emost cult to get to. Along with McAdam and Kalinina, a group of international of international agroup Kalinina, and McAdam with to. Along toget cult rst began at the Arch Moscow exhibition of 2002. Th of 2002. exhibition Moscow Arch atthe began rst discuss with a practicing architect. apracticing with discuss to projects their bring can public ofthe members where event free ‘Action:20 Housing’: Architectural Institute. Moscow professor then critic, architectural known best Russia’s Asse: Eugene 19 19 (Russia), Mike Russum (UK), Avie Rahamimoff Avie (UK), Russum Mike (Russia), is was an interactive interactive an was is ey gave lectures e 20

House of Artists, with the banner above above banner the with ofArtists, House that reads: ‘Action: Housing’ 15-18 May May 15-18 ‘Action: Housing’ reads: that View of the main entrance to Central toCentral entrance main ofthe View 5. Project Imagination Project Imagination Tbilisi. Imagination Project Poster for event in 1996, in event for Poster Niko Djaparidze. designed bydesigned 2002.

55 56 5. Project Imagination Project Imagination Project The Architects Journal, Architects The November 1992. November . Article in in . Article that a good debate is often the best way to begin professional relationships. professional begin to way best the often is debate agood that conviction the and responsibility; ofsocial acceptance the ofpractice; communities of creation the in activities roleofpublic the exchange; through of learning process the cultures; two and individuals oftwo input balanced the Practice: Th West. the and Russia between ofborders opening the War and Cold endofthe atthe place took which acelebration was Imagination Project e principles engaged through this event formed the core of the Bicultural Bicultural ofthe core the formed event this through engaged eprinciples of both parties? both of synchronize for the advancement How canclient andarchitect Prospectors Working6. with the 58 Nikolo Khovanskoye settlement. settlement. Khovanskoye Nikolo 78- hectare land plot to south-west ofcity. tosouth-west plot land hectare 78- 6. Working withtheProspectors view of Moscow showing ofMoscow view Satelite Satelite at all levels. Even students at the liberal School of Architecture in Krasnodar in of Architecture School liberal atthe Even students levels. at all preached unfortunately are they and self-perpetuating, and pervasive are stereotypes Sadly, these egos. bytheir driven and stubborn architects the consider clients the Th Russia. in endemic historically are relationships client/architect Tensions within advancement of both parties? How canclient andarchitect synchronize for the and installer of air conditioning systems known as Business Air Business as known systems conditioning of air installer and into asupplier evolved had cigarettes, byselling began who graduates, the So offi government particular this offi for his offi agovernment business, this of process the In commodity. wereavaluable they where toKazakhstan, truck 1992.in Th Russia in together abusiness starting American) an and (a Russian graduates adventurous two with began journey story, own this Kalinina’s and McAdam with As group. client particular that with shared practice the Th for 15,000 settlement people. –anew commissions serious most practice’s the toone of over time progressed and apartment of asingle interior design for the work with a particular client group client aparticular work with A specifi several. or diff many It takes skill. aparticular is relationships client those Nurturing era. new Russia’s in process learning of the part been also who have individuals people and business with acquaintance social through is commissions procured has practice ‘Th 12, Chapter mentioned in As of Russia’s of many cities. fabric of the design the in mess dreadful Th buildings. unsatisfactory essentially and distrust relationships, failed in resulted has patience, and skills communication Th clients. for their show disregard where oil companies and fi and companies oil where acity in concern business –asuccessful Moscow in services’ of ‘building installers one leading of the became 1990s the they throughout economy developed market working on the same project. same on the working wereoften companies two the of start-ups, community Moscow’sIn tight-knit corporations. same bythe architects as commissioned werebeing Kalinina and e architects consider the clients ignorant and only focused on economic gain; gain; on economic focused only and ignorant clients the consider earchitects e road to this project was a fast-track journey of growth and learning which which learning and of growth journey afast-track was project tothis eroad erent forms and can change over time. It can involve one specifi It can over time. change can and erent forms c instance of nurturing a relationship along these lines is our 15 our is of lines years these along arelationship of nurturing c instance ce – it gets hot in Kazakhstan! Naturally, the colleagues and visitors of visitors and colleagues the Naturally, Kazakhstan! hot in –it gets ce ey began by importing Marlboro cigarettes and delivering them by them delivering and cigarettes Marlboro byimporting began ey nancial corporations were in fl in were corporations nancial cial soon requested air conditioning units as well. well. as units conditioning air requested soon cial cial asked them to supply an air conditioning unit e Accumulation of Skills’, one of the ways that the the that of one Skills’, ways of the eAccumulation e general cultural background, plus a lack of plus alack background, cultural egeneral 2 . Th is relationship began with a commission acommission with began relationship is e legacy from the past 15 a past is the from years elegacy ux. At this time McAdam McAdam time this At ux. 3 . As Russia’s new . As c commission, 1

Sobin Bank corporation, Russian for alarge activities estate real and management project the fl Air of Business reputation the As used on other levels of the building. of the levels on other used re- was idea the Subsequently sold immediately. and press design the in featured Th risk. the totake decided client but the market, Moscow for the Th spaces. diff to achieve the space across of fia series intervals at set screens translucent and moving xed side.Th same on the both windows, two 16m only with deep Th sales. aproblem with was there where building poorly-designed Th designs. the with toassist Kalinina he so contacted and e fi rst rst offi e idea was met with scepticism by estate agents as too contemporary contemporary too as agents byestate scepticism with met was eidea 4 Sobin Bank: large private Russian bank, active in Russia in the 1990s. the in Russia in active bank, Russian private large Bank: 4 Sobin 1993-1998. Moscow in active contractor, services building Air: 3 Business Mortgage Bank. Komstroy, Russian Developments, West North Bank, Air, Sobin Business 1990s. early in Moscow in graduated and together studied who ofbusinessmen group 2 Aclose-knit tutors. for course development professional a run Kalinina and McAdam where Russia, south in University State of Kuban 1 Part cial commission was for the interior design of an apartment in a very avery in apartment of an interior design for the was commission cial 4 . Requirements were developing and architectural input was needed, needed, input was architectural and weredeveloping . Requirements erent degrees of privacy, but providing some light at all times to all toall times atall some light of privacy, but providing erent degrees ourished, their Russian partner was asked to run torun asked was partner Russian their ourished, e practice proposed proposed practice e e apartments were e apartment across lake. Photo by Aleksey Narodnitsky, 2005. Narodnitsky, byAleksey Photo lake. across 6. Working withtheProspectors Settlement of 12 detached houses as viewed viewed as houses of12detached Settlement Nikolskaya Sloboda Sloboda Nikolskaya (McAdam Architects). Architects). (McAdam

59 60 Model showing houses staggered on on staggered houses showing Model 6. Working withtheProspectors site, with ‘igloo house’ in foreground. in house’ ‘igloo with site, (McAdam Architects) 2005 Architects) (McAdam 3D model of ‘igloo house’ of‘igloo model 3D Sacrificial ‘igloo house’.Sacrificial Nikolskaya Sloboda Ground plan floor First floor plan floor First in the ‘English Style’ (whatever that means that (whatever Style’ ‘English the in –townhouses way only the was approach aconservative particular, in brief and for sale to the upcoming middlehouses with recreational facilities. classes. Th Estate agentsTh warned that for this site features. any of devoid land bog uninspiring site was the potential, had Sloboda, Nikolskaya location, geographical the of Moscow. edge on Whilst the area plot arural in As his confi contemporary houses have arrived inMoscow’s suburbia. arrived have houses contemporary heading: the with press estate real and architectural the in featured In response to the estate agents’ strict defi strict Dog (or Red herring Little ared to introduce agents’ estate the to response In project. for the ideas topresent invited was practice the established, of parameters set complicated this With risk. the monitored tominimize carefully be should costs construction space, fi space, room adouble-height living has each and terraces, and balconies south-facing Th of glazing. amodicum and roofs sloping traditional brick, Th ‘style’. Th achieve a basic but contemporary abasic achieve Th community of sense coherent a creating sites, individual space. light shared and for around fences requirements to eliminating adhering whilst density, in wesucceeded time, of developments the residential other privacy. Unlike and settlement increase to formation Th over 2.5 –12 hectares. houses settlement the fi the tobuild proceeded upand gave but eventually house, ‘igloo’ the approved debate.We it without tokeep so was comparison, hard in fought traditional Th on this. were focused agents and client the with discussions that unusual and contemporary so house e brief was to build a new residential settlement of 48 medium-sized, detached detached medium-sized, of 48 settlement residential anew tobuild was ebrief e houses were a huge success and sold or rented very quickly. Th sold or rented very and success wereahuge ehouses e Practice began to look in detail at local materials and building methods to methods building and materials at local detail tolook in began ePractice replace, sauna, and covered parking space. parking covered and sauna, replace, is project was all about making the houses work and fi work and houses the making about all was project is classical, neo-vernacular or post-modern. Neo- but anything tomean circles architectural Russian in used term 7. Contemporary: Kalinina. and byMcAdam organised Institute ofthe tutors the for trip ofthe apart as London visited he 1993 in and Imagination, Project in part active amost took of78he At age the 2005. examiner” the distract would that drawings your on Institute. Architectural Moscow from tutor favourite mother’s my (1914-2009), Ullas Nikolai belongs saying this Sobachka): (Krasnaya Dog Red Little 6. portico. and façade symmetric with appearance colonial neo-classical, Style: English 5. dence and infl and dence e rest of the development seemed very conservative and and conservative very development seemed of the erest uence grew, the same client acquired a complicated land land acomplicated acquired client same grew,uence the 7 design. We rejected overt reference to any single single toany We reference overt design. rejected ey would be set around a new boating lake, lake, boating anew around set be would ey nition of what was desirable, we decided wedecided desirable, was nition of what 5 6 e houses are positioned in staggered staggered in positioned are ehouses ) were desirable. At the same time, time, same the At ) weredesirable. ) to the project –asacrifi project ) tothe . Ullas was teaching from 1952 to 1952 from teaching was . Ullas “Put something“Put outrageous e dwellings have have edwellings t together using using together t ey were also rst stage of stage rst cial cial ‘igloo’ Modest Modest landscaped drainagechanelwithbridges overtoparkarea access road man madelake Settlement of 12 detached houses showing front front showing houses of12detached Settlement 6. Working withtheProspectors Nikolskaya Sloboda Sloboda Nikolskaya Nikolskaya Sloboda Sloboda Nikolskaya line of dwellings in shared garden space. garden shared in ofdwellings line Photo by Aleksey Narodnitsky, 2005. Narodnitsky, byAleksey Photo (McAdam Architects) Architects) (McAdam (McAdam Architects) Architects) (McAdam Site plan, Phase 1. Phase plan, Site

61 62 6. Working withtheProspectors Nikolskaya Sloboda Sloboda Nikolskaya Photos by Aleksey Narodnitsky 2005. Narodnitsky byAleksey Photos 6. Working withtheProspectors (McAdam Architects) (McAdam

63 64 6. Working withtheProspectors We pleaded our case using books of Californian houses byJohn Lautner houses of Californian books using We case our pleaded unsellable. simply was architecture the that concerned brief, but layout was and with happy He was client. tothe shock a was proposed lines clean and modernity of However, the society. extent the affl to the for sale of 1200sqm, targeted dwelling single alarge tobe It was wing. pool swimming the in level toasingle wing bedroom eff roof a ‘spiral’ fl the to make order In south. tothe open courtyard (north), corner an and exposed tothe back We asimple but proposed eff a it was Otherwise, program. and Th for construction. materials approach, and brief, stylistic the formulating in complete freedom us gave client buyers as too exposed. potential byall rejected It front. in was car-parking As with the building, siteadministration was considered commercially Th house. redundant, the of form aprivate the solution in adesign upwith We tocome to sell. wereasked Th everyone importantly, most and environment, this in process. the enjoying was involved ground-breaking considered Th unprecedented. it was time but atthe climate, current the diffi in projects were building a formidable reputation delivering for successfully contemporary West architect the Developments) North and as now known (by client the Both modern houses in similar climatic conditions to those found in Moscow region. Moscow in found tothose conditions climatic similar in houses modern affl (MGM fiMount Rushmore Lee’s Ang set), lm and –Hitchcock’s family Charles Deaton e next challenge concerned a plot of land which the developer found impossible impossible found developer the which aplot of land concerned challenge enext uent suburban neighbourhood in Connecticut and shows a number of large of large anumber shows and Connecticut in neighbourhood uent suburban e plot was on a corner site, adjacent to an electricity substation and the local local the and substation electricity toan site, on adjacent acorner eplot was which featured in books and films. and books in featured which of many houses, ofmodern Designer California. 1960s in architect Deaton: 9 Charles films. and books in featured ofwhich many houses, ofmodern Designer California. 1960s in architect Lautner: 8 John at and static nature of the location more dynamic, we introduced cult circumstances. Th 9 ect, stepping down around a courtyard, from two storeys in the the in storeys two from acourtyard, around down stepping ect, . We also gave him two VHS fi VHS two him . We gave also North by Northwest by North e only elements requiring control were the budget budget werethe control requiring elements eonly ective solution, positioning the building with its carte blanche carte is may sound like a modest achievement in in achievement amodest like sound may is and its scenes of the Vandam House on House Vandam of the scenes its and lms featuring architecture of a similar of asimilar architecture featuring lms . Ice Storm uent of segment Moscow e results were basic but werebasic eresults , which depicts an an depicts , which 8 and double-height spaces. Th double-height spaces. Th to inhabit. diffi them who found owners, their weredisappointing of Moscow edge at the However, acutely we became some that aware of the ‘modernist’ houses being built villas. rustic-style and of neo-classical array of an ‘modernism’ among examples Th neighbourhood. new the in built werebeing styles of all houses of extravagant arange and fast, were selling suburb. Plots Moscow well-known and apopular becoming was By now, area this on completion. family his with but in moved Th Russia. in fi the as lauded was and architecture into Russian back ideas vernacular of way introducing anew as press architectural bythe reported was Th respects. many in abreakthrough House, Larch acclaimed much the in It resulted design. wind’ tothe ‘back and conditions toseasonal reference with farmhouse Russian for the plans our comprised methods, building and materials Th Th 1920s the 1930s. in and had predecessors Th storage. of lack suff and grows, where nothing no detail or component was too small toaff small too or component was no detail 11, Chapter in (as described Tinker, Tailor, that knew Soldier, Spy), Practice the Th with experience on brief Based doorknob. last the and fi bathroom the furniture, tointegrated down volume, and site layout, landscape the entirety, from its in house each to designing committed always was especially Kalinina projects. our in quality essential an designer, was interior implemented byan later being than rather house of the fabric structural Th houses. our all in exteriors and interiors between connection aseamless toachieve weweretrying By contrast, inhabitants. ofits well-being the for that more eye ofthe pleasure forthe beconceived should ifahouse As interior. the of expense the at architects avant-garde absorbed have to seems architecture External ese failed ‘modernist’ ventures embodied Eileen Grey’s Eileen embodied ventures ‘modernist’ failed ese ese ideas, tempered with a ‘conservative element’ of using traditional local local traditional element’ of using a‘conservative with tempered ideas, ese e client liked the Larch House so much that he decided not to sell, not tosell, he decided much that so House Larch the liked eclient e houses were expensive and good-looking buildings, featuring huge huge featuring buildings, good-looking and wereexpensive ehouses Peter Adam, 1987. Adam, Peter by Architect/Designer Gray Eileen ofquote: Source architecture. in Movement Modernist ofthe Apioneer architect. and designer furniture Irish (1878-1976): an Gray Eileen 10 eir designers were making the same mistake as their Modernist Modernist their as mistake same the weremaking designers eir ey were diffi e houses by McAdam and Kalinina stood out as clean clean out as stood Kalinina and byMcAdam ehouses ered numerous other practical issues – such as a as –such issues practical other numerous ered e design of interior spaces, integrated with the the with integrated of interior spaces, edesign cult to heat, with north-facing ‘winder gardens’ gardens’ ‘winder north-facing with heat, to cult ect the overall design. design. overall the ect eo Crosby at Pentagram Pentagram at Crosby eo nishes, internal views, views, internal nishes, 10 10 rst sustainable home sustainable rst warning from 1929: from warning e project cult 6. Working withtheProspectors (McAdam Architects). Site plan showing showing plan Site Architects). (McAdam storey west elevation. Photo by Project byProject Photo elevation. west storey corner location and footprint ofhouse. footprint and location corner (McAdam Architects). View of two oftwo View Architects). (McAdam Larch House Larch Larch House Larch Russia, 2006.

65 66 House 20 20 House 6. Working withtheProspectors by linear pond feature. Photo byYuri Photo feature. pond by linear overlooking central lawn dissected dissected lawn central overlooking (McAdam Architects). View View Architects). (McAdam Palmin, 2007.Palmin, Soviet government dachas city. of the Th north-west tothe suburbs 1800 sqm with internal swimming pool, to be designed in its entirety, including including entirety, its in designed affl the in be located tobe It was to landscape. and interiors pool, swimming internal with sqm 1800 Th client. Th traditional materials whilst avoiding the use of any decorative elements. Th elements. decorative of any use the avoiding whilst materials traditional and simple forms used design our 20, House as Known house. Russian of the Th buildings. surrounding the in sustainability Th of architecture. Th volumes of the house to give the occupant a heightened sensory experience. sensory aheightened occupant the togive house of the volumes Th feature. fountain pond and byalinear dissected lawn overlooked acentral which Th of winter. snow in byacarpet illuminated surface light its architecture, church stone of Russia’s tothe traditional reference made cladding limestone the while trees, pine surrounding of the bark the toemulate werechosen planks reddish-brown Th settings. climatic and cultural rural, building’s tothe reference subtle Th planks. cedar red and limestone white Th volume. and scale in areduction enabling whilst sides, two atleast from light natural spaces Th landscape. new into the pine trees mature of existing integration and protection bythe motivated was design the and area, apartially-forested been once had e opportunity to perfect this notion arose from a new commission from the same same the from commission anew from notion arose this toperfect eopportunity e new and existing landscapes juxtaposed with the natural materials and clean clean and materials natural the with juxtaposed landscapes existing and enew e fundamental aim of this project was to set a new benchmark in the design design the in benchmark anew toset project was of this aim efundamental e south faÇade of the house opened onto a series of wood and stone terraces, stone terraces, and of onto wood opened house aseries of the faÇade esouth aff cross-shape, irregular an as planned was ehouse is resulted in the sporadic development of large houses of all shapes and styles styles and shapes of all houses development of large sporadic the in resulted is is had a similar brief to the previous project – a large house of around of around house –alarge project previous tothe brief asimilar had is of Soviet / Russian cities. /Russian of Soviet exurbs the in usually home, second year-round or aseasonal 11 Dacha: e resulting four rectangular volumes were clad alternately with with alternately wereclad volumes rectangular four eresulting ere was little attention to local culture, building methods or methods building culture, tolocal attention little erewas 11 , had recently become a base for the for the abase become recently , had e area, which was originally the site of the originally was which earea, is external cladding was selected as a pine trees to be protected left ofcentre. left protected to be trees pine Photo of site prior to construction, with with toconstruction, prior ofsite Photo ording each of the main uent part of Moscow’s nouveau riche nouveau e vibrant e site . garden with existing mature pine trees in centre centre in trees pine mature existing with garden 6. Working withtheProspectors House 20 (McAdam Architects). Free-flowing Free-flowing Architects). (McAdam View towards swimming pool block. block. pool swimming towards View House 20 20 House view. Photo by Yuri Palmin, 2007. byYuri Photo view. Palmin, Photo by Yuri Palmin, 2007. byYuriPhoto Palmin, (McAdam Architects). (McAdam

67 68 6. Working withtheProspectors Main stair in double–height double–height in stair Main entrance hall. Photos by Yuri Palmin, 2007. byYuriPhotos Palmin, Swimming pool interior. pool Swimming View looking along outside of cedar-clad pool block to block pool ofcedar-clad outside along looking View limestone façade of main living block. living ofmain façade limestone House 20 Photo by Yuri Palmin, 2007. byYuriPhoto Palmin, (McAdam Architects). (McAdam First Floor Plan Floor First Ground Floor Plan Floor Ground 6 4 3 3 4 2 5 2 1 1 8 6 7 6 6 5 7 7 Terrace 6 Bedroom 5 Playroom Ensuite 4 MasterBedroom Changing 3 MasterBedroom 2 MasterBedroom 1 Gallery 8 Terrace 7 GuestBedroom Hammam 6 ChangingRoom/ 5 Pool Area 4 BillardRoom/Library 3 Kitchen 2 Living/DiningRoom 1 EntranceHall 6. Working withtheProspectors

69 70 View towards end of swimming pool block. pool ofswimming end towards View 6. Working withtheProspectors House 20 20 House Photo by Yuri Palmin, 2007. byYuriPhoto Palmin, (McAdam Architects). (McAdam 6. Working withtheProspectors Site plan, showing driveway sweeping sweeping driveway showing plan, Site around four interlocking volumes. interlocking four around House 20 (McAdam Architects). (McAdam

71 72 6. Working withtheProspectors settlement for 15,000 people. Feature article in Building Design, Design, Building in article Feature people. 15,000 for settlement (McAdam Architects & Jan Stormer Partner) 2006-2007. New New 2006-2007. Partner) Stormer &Jan Architects (McAdam Brief for closed competition, prepared prepared competition, closed for Brief by McAdam Architects. by McAdam Nikolo-Khovanskoye Nikolo-Khovanskoye May 2008. May Diagram showing initial zoning concept. zoning initial showing Diagram showing areas of land identified for for identified ofland areas showing Diagramatic plan of Moscow ofMoscow plan Diagramatic development in red. of 78 hectares. We invited an old friend, Jan Stormer Jan We old friend, an invited of 78 hectares. Th for support. practice European alarger with partner wewould that condition on the plan, urban pilot project of for the the plan amaster toprepare werecommissioned Kalinina and McAdam process, of conclusion this successful the Following appointed. being farmland of collective privatization the as 2005, In Jim Meikle, Terry Ealey and Mick Timpson Mick and Terry Ealey Jim Meikle, made in Moscow to invited an international jury of experts including Leon van Schaik, were Presentations area. for concept the urban outline an toprepare teams three select Moscow. in Th topresentthemselves invited be would fi the research layman’s abrief towrite description, wedetermined discussion much internal After they instances previous in as development. economic and so planning strategic sense: real the in planning urban was start, to where fi know this in experience not lacking also was did practice But the for advice. and Kalinina called before this like anything to work with members of the same client group, including MBBK Developments MBBK including group, client same the of members with work to However, wecontinue today structure. project in changes economic and due topolitical 2008, in halted was settlement Nikolo-Khovanskoye for the Implementation design of our Moscow’s in suburbia. environments to living alternative desirable and afeasible as seen todevelop. It was over took ayear blocks, of low-rise apartment Th more progressive. something toachieve boundaries the push gently then brief, and and situation of the understanding afull togain was stance our for houses, commissions previous the with As ajoint venture. as us with Kommunarka again. Th client and his banking colleagues formed Komstroy formed colleagues banking his and client Th potential and for the resultant architecture. resultant for the and potential toapoint benefi ambitions and boundaries the stretches Practice the and instigated, are projects complicated pattern: now established, same, the within develops relationship professional London. Our development in projects small ompson, URS/Maxwan and is project became the Nikolo-Khovanskoye settlement for 15,000 settlement people on asite Nikolo-Khovanskoye the project became is ey conceived a plan to develop 6000 hectares of sporadic land plots around 18 MBBK Developments: London-based architectural and development company. development and architectural London-based Developments: MBBK 18 Architects. Stormer and Alsop as Alsop, Will with collaborated Previously architect. Hamburg-based well-known, Stormer: 17 Jan architect and urbanist). (Dutch Maxwan giant), infrastructure (American Corporation planner), URS community and architect (British Thompson John Reich), toThird architect Speer ofAlbert son planner, urban and architect (German Speer Albert Kommunarka: for teams Shortlisted 16 (EDAW). designer urban Timpson, Mick Happold), (Buro engineer Ealey, Transport Everest),Terry Langdon (Davies Economist Meikle, Jim Kommunarka: for members Jury 15 Kommunarka. for organisation client 14 Komstroy: ofMoscow. tosouth-west municipality Kommunarka: 13 farmland. of privatisation the allowing passed was abill 2005 in farmland: ofcollective 12 Privatisation eld, and draw up a long-list of ten international urban planners who who planners urban of teninternational upalong-list draw and eld, 14 , a suburban region to the south-west of Moscow. south-west Th tothe region , asuburban 16 , and the eventual review resulted in URS/Maxwan in resulted review eventual the , and 15 . Th e presenters were Albert Speer, John wereAlbert epresenters 13 12 , and increased their ambitions once once ambitions their increased , and became widely possible, the same same the possible, widely became 17 en, as a client group, we would group, wewould aclient en, as e master plan, aconfi plan, emaster from to Hamburg, collaborate for development both cial ey had never done never had ey eld – this –this eld guration 18 , on

6. Working withtheProspectors

73 7. Th e Emergence of the New Russian House

What was the practice’s role in the development of the new Russian house? 76 Patchwork House by Petr Kostelov Winner of Winner Kostelov byPetr House Patchwork The Best House Awards in Russia, 2011 Russia, in Awards House Best The 7. TheEmergence oftheNewRussianHouse Architecture Paper the from emerged have they as interesting especially are today’s architects Th of the new Russian house? What was the practice’s role in the development by Mayor Luzhkov’s city the from weredriven architects creative 1990s the these during Unfortunately, to fi 1980s of the managed who bystudents established practices, steadfast enduring, also are there voices disruptive these Alongside profession. development of the the Brodsky through the 1990s, were at the forefront of this development. 1990s,forefront of this the wereat through Moscow in grown had which practice abicultural as Kalinina, and McAdam materials. and forms volumes, of Moscow.edge with experiment to Th opportunity an architects gave so and open-minded, and werewell-travelled clients of these Ahandful boundaries. city the outside houses private tocommission 1990s werebeginning early of the environment economic new the in wealthy grown had who However, clients private no signifi sadly are there ere is now a collection of contemporary houses of architectural merit at the merit atthe of architectural houses of contemporary now acollection ereis ere has always been a strong architectural community in Moscow. in of Some community architectural astrong been always erehas nd their feet at the time of sudden change. of suddenchange. time atthe feet nd their 4 et al have now become leading architectural practitioners and advisors on advisors and practitioners architectural leading now become have al et 1 movement of the 1980s. Eugene Asse 1980s. Eugene ofthe movement

policies and his insistence on the ‘Moscow Style on the insistence his and policies cant buildings by these architects within the city itself. itself. city the within architects bythese buildings cant 2 , Yury Avvakumov , Yury ’ 5 3 . As a result aresult . As , Alexander , Alexander domes and arches in multi-coloured buildings of varying materials. materials. ofvarying buildings multi-coloured in arches and domes turrets, towers, incorporated which neo-vernacularism or aneo-classicism 5 Aform Moscow. in artist and architect practicing well-known Brodsky: 4 Alexander Moscow. in curator and writer architect, well-known 3 Yuri Avvakumov: School. Architectural ofMoscow Rector and critic architectural known best Russia’s Asse: 2 Eugene etc.” town fictional into aconventional city real the from eternity, undefined into an time historic its from project ofthe plot the transferring boundaries, material and ofphysics laws the ignoring ofgraphics, manner byunusual emphasized was this and implementation, further require not did which ofart, work independent an was project paper –each solved been has ofimplementation problem The vision. author’s and into individual turned was projects these in presented space the as art, modernist with but development, urban modernist with accord in not were paper” effon to“Projects discredit life. comparison in to reform orts art, whose amovement as magazine), of issue a2006 in Sitar, bySergey described Architecture: 1 Paper “works were based on establishing architecture as pure pure as architecture establishing on based were “works Tatlin (architectural (architectural 7. TheEmergence oftheNewRussianHouse McAdam Architects. Architects. McAdam Diagram shows bands of social and architectural architectural and ofsocial bands shows Diagram development with architect-designed private of the Russian House. House. Russian the of Symposium Two, Ghent November 2011. 2011. Two, November Ghent Symposium Diagram of the Emergence Emergence the of Diagram houses emerging after 1991 Practice Research Research Practice

77 78

architect, partner at Project Meganom. Meganom. atProject partner architect, new Russian House. All projects shown shown projects All House. Russian new Vodka drinking Pavilion, Kliazminskoie Kliazminskoie Pavilion, Vodka drinking Installation in Manezh, Moscow, 2004 Moscow, Manezh, in Installation development of the typology for the the for typology ofthe development Moscow architects who have made made have who architects Moscow Villa Roza and X-park, Residentail Residentail X-park, Roza and Villa below are in and around Moscow around and in are below a substantial contribution to the tothe contribution a substantial The Architectural Resistance Resistance Architectural The practicing architect and artist. Archstoyanie Rotonda, 2009 Rotonda, Archstoyanie architect, writer and curator. and writer architect, Strelka Institute in Moscow in Institute Strelka Counter-Relief House, 1998 7. TheEmergence oftheNewRussianHouse Kliazminskoie Lake 2006 Lake Kliazminskoie Alexander Brodsky Alexander practicing architect Russian director of director Russian Totan Kuzembaev Settlement, 2002 2002 Settlement, Yuri Avvakumov Yuri Bird House, 2010 Yacht 2009 Club Yury Grigorian Yury Pirogovo Resort Pirogovo Paper Architect Paper Architect Lake, 2005 7. TheEmergence oftheNewRussianHouse Architectural School. Paper Architect Paper School. Architectural Russia’s best known architectural architectural known best Russia’s practicing architects, exhibition exhibition architects, practicing architectural buro Ostozhenka buro architectural Krestianskaya Zastava, 2004 Zastava, Krestianskaya critic and Rector of Moscow ofMoscow Rector and critic Butikovsky Per 17-19, Per 2010 Butikovsky Kliazminskoie Lake, 2010 Lake, Kliazminskoie Partners atPole-Design Partners Founder of TPO Reserv ofTPO Founder Savinkin and Kuzmin Calamar House, 2006 House, Calamar architect, Founder of Founder architect, Posolsky DomPosolsky 2006 Alexander Skokan Yachtsmen’s House practicing architect designers, curatorsdesigners, Vladimir Plotkin Eugene Asse Villa D, 2006 Villa .

79 80 Mid-winter in Beresnyaki, Perm Region, Region, Perm Beresnyaki, in Mid-winter with village houses positioned high on on high positioned houses village with Photo byTanya 2007.Photo Kalinina, Traditional Russian house in Perm, with with Perm, in house Russian Traditional wooden façade, fence and porch detail. detail. porch and fence façade, wooden river bank and banyas below. banyas and bank river 7. TheEmergence oftheNewRussianHouse Photo byTanya 2007.Photo Kalinina, for light and shelter -winter and summer living. summer shelter and -winter and for light solutions optimum providing spaces and (winter)functions core between and around introduced are garden awinter and (verandas), terraces –baywindows volumes components were instinctively considered and incorporated to the functional of these anumber (an Pine Forest usadba) the in House of the design the In available. methods building the and materials, basic arrangements, planning conditions, toclimatic response Th diff front are street on the fences even and colour fenestration, shapes, components. Roof similar have would they another, although as same the be would house or private usadba -no dacha, designs of designer (owner). the Houses were built of façade wood or stone varying with aspiration and surroundings immediate conditions, byclimatic dictated are forms and Shapes (winter) spaces. central around arranged terraces, verandas, -porches, spaces summer with arrangement planning asimilar have traditionally houses Most house. private Russian of the design the in drivers main the are lifestyle dual-season the shelter and aspect, orientation, respect this In degrees. upto30 temperatures and showers, rain and sun bright with warm are Summers C. degrees 20 minus low as as often temperatures with days short and snowfalls, heavy temperatures, dictated by extreme climatic conditions. Th Th prevail. parameters common houses, for private of typologies or status of size Regardless concepts. century on 19th these based are later and era Stalin of the dachas Even soviet the times. topre-revolution dating models, or classical on traditional based historically are Th formulated. not easily Th house new Russian ofthe design the for Considerations us, the continuity of design can be established in the components of design – components of design the in established be can of design continuity the us, e underpinnings of the concept for a new private house typology in Russia are are Russia in typology house private for concept anew of the eunderpinnings ey are all stand-alone and have space around them, and they are all all are they and them, around space have and stand-alone all are ey e design of dachas, usadbas, and simple village houses houses simple village and usadbas, of dachas, edesign erent. ey suff er long harsh winters - sub-zero -sub-zero winters er long harsh facades are of traditional timber planks with sparse and irregular fenestration. Gentle Gentle fenestration. irregular and sparse with planks timber of traditional are facades Th terraces. and verandas with space asummer –simply creating courtyard central open an around wrapped volume winter wind’ tothe ‘back aclosed with conditions toclimatic responds design the house, farm Russian traditional of the ideas on the Based living. modern-day with together fused are or usadba dacha traditional of the concepts and ideas the –where house private Russian the inventing Th uncompromised. and deliberate are 10, considerations chapter in these described is which House Larch For the of core (winter) functions. acentral around arranged again are terraces and verandas, development. windows, Bay for avillage used to those similar parameters set implemented within are arrangements irregular –where way same the in considered wereall colour and materials fenestration, roof shapes, Floor plans, village. of aRussian line façade irregular the wesuggest designs, house diff two with plan in pond. Staggered acentral around format village in houses Nikolskaya Sloboda. Th Th is contextual approach was tested further in the design of a small settlement at settlement of asmall design the in further tested was approach contextual is dachas have returned to private land ownership. land toprivate returned have dachas most Union Soviet the in ofcommunism collapse the Following 600sqm. ofaround plots garden in set-out dachas, had cities large in living families ofRussian half almost 1990 By and scientific elite. cultural emerged newly the and Party Communist ofthe members among distributed or workers, factory for homes vacation into converted were Some nationalized. were dachas 1917, in most Revolution Russian the Following cities. polluted heavily the escape to desired residents urban wealthy as society, ofRussian classes middle and upper the for retreat summer afavourite became dachas century, 19th ofthe end the given.By something means dacha word the InRussian, tsar. bythe vassals toloyal given were that country the in estates small were These century. 17th the in appeared dachas first The ofcities. outskirts the in located home second aseasonal 2 Dacha: museums. into converted were estates ofprominent a number era Soviet the During abandoned. further and looted were ofthem most owners, by their abandoned were estates noble Russian all of1917, virtually Revolution October the After arts. decorative and offine collections housed they Sometimes projects. ‘model’ on based often were designs the although time, ofthe architects byfamous built were usadbas Many century. 20th –early 17th from ofsociety members wealthy and nobility Russian bythe owned were estates country These pavilions. and grottoes ponds, with park or garden alandscape included often and workshops, and greenhouses, -stables, outbuildings several and house, amain comprised Usually settlement. or estate ofan house manor the 1 Usadba: is project was for a row of twelve medium-sized detached detached medium-sized for arow of twelve was project is e Larch House is a structured attempt atre- attempt astructured is House eLarch e outer erent 7. TheEmergence oftheNewRussianHouse spaces. Photo by Yuri Palmin, 2007. byYuri Photo Palmin, spaces. House 20 20 House Verandas, terraces and summer summer and terraces Verandas, (McAdam Architects). (McAdam

81 82 7. TheEmergence oftheNewRussianHouse Initial design sketch, showing north north showing sketch, design Initial The House in the Pine Forest Pine the in House The The House in the Pine Forest Pine the in House The elevation and main entrance main and elevation (McAdam Architects) (McAdam (McAdam Architects) Architects) (McAdam Initial design model as a breakthrough in the design of new Russian house. Russian of new design the in abreakthrough as ‘Th Th forest. the in swimming of feeling the tostimulate pool bythe awater-level window including forest, the of parts best the weretoframe and important, werealso house the from Views earth. the from angle 5degrees 0 and between stone horizontals clean lines: of perpendicular made be would house the so 85 95 degrees, and atbetween earth the from angled verticals upof timber made enhancing both. Th both. enhancing thereby landscape, surrounding its with contrast should house the that was idea Th parkland. Russian –real landscape undulating an in forest 18-hectare an Th connection. interlocking aglazed stone with grey dark and white opposing in clad Th rectangular. pool swimming the and square, house main the volumes, Th forest. the through views slope with a gentle Th Russia. in time fi probably the on an estate in 18 hectares of pine house private alarge forest, todesign airline, Russian to of anewly-established owner thethe south-east of the city. Th by commissioned was 1998, hold, took in policies practice Mayor Luzhkov’s the before of Moscow centre the in buildings modest two built approved and Having (2000) Forest Pine inthe House The e commission was for a 1200sqm dwelling with 25m swimming pool to be set on on set to be pool 25m with swimming dwelling for a1200sqm was ecommission e setting of the house was the all-important driver for the design. Th design. for the driver all-important the was house of the esetting e Russian Villa’, was widely covered by the architectural press in both countries countries both in press architectural bythe covered Villa’, widely was eRussian rst straight commission for a contemporary private house at this atthis house private for acontemporary commission straight rst is was achieved by an approach to gentle lines. Th lines. gentle to approach an by achieved was is e project, known as ‘Th as known eproject, e design was made up of two simple simple upof two made was edesign e House in the Pine Forest’ or Forest’ Pine the in eHouse e forest was was eforest e site was esite was ey were is was e Section through swimming pool swimming through Section Section through entrance hall entrance through Section 7. TheEmergence oftheNewRussianHouse South elevation South North elevation North

83 84 7. TheEmergence oftheNewRussianHouse Entrance hall and winter garden. winter and hall Entrance The House in the Pine Forest Pine the in House The View towards low level window level low towards View Photos by Yuri Palmin, 2000 byYuriPhotos Palmin, View towards entrance door entrance towards View (opposite) Swimming pool. (opposite) Swimming (McAdam Architects) (McAdam Ground plan floor without the restrictions of city authorities or other negative infl negative or other authorities of city restrictions the without freedom, architectural fi the maximum was with werealised that building rst In the book Country Houses Today Houses byJeremy Melvin Country book the In projects. housing on future developed and implemented werethen which methods, building and materials form, available gave us an opportunity to understand a practical direction, use of architectural Th point for a revived tradition of Russian country houses. country ofRussian tradition forarevived point artifi and nature between tension a visual astarting establishing prove might that ce Th cladding. limestone smooth import to was masonry oflocal roughness inevitable upthe covering for strategy the Here on them. elegance practical a certain imposed that but simple, kept be to had staircase internal the as such features and Detailing industry. construction likeAlso Palladio’s this house villas, had to to adapt the capabilities of the local it. reject to chose ifthey even ofit, beunaware can architect an scarcely that houses ofcountry tradition the infl Western Palladio’s through so strongly coincidence. runs uence no probably is plans villa Palladian generic with incommon much has parti basic this Th other. onthe rooms reception further and side one to room dining and kitchen double-height winter garden with the main living accommodation on either side, the infl also has and acentral, design It has ofthe block. main the concern uenced central a was nature above than rather within exist to inhabitants its and house the Allowing of Palladian Villas: house to Alvar Aalto’s Villa Mairea Aalto’s Villa toAlvar house e practice benefi epractice Noomarkku, Finland. Designed by Finland. Designed AlvarNoomarkku, Aalto. Gullichsen, Maire and Harry couple, wealthy for house guest large Mairea: 7 Villa program. architecture ofArt’s Academy Royal the on Consultant publications. international tomany contributed has who writer and historian architectural Melvin: 6 Jeremy is gives the house a precision and prominence within its forest setting, setting, forest its within prominence and aprecision house the gives is tted immensely from this success. Th success. this from immensely tted 7 . He also makes general reference to the infl tothe reference general makes . He also e House in the Pine Forest Forest Pine the in eHouse 6 (2000), he compares the uences. uences. Th is House uence uence at 7. TheEmergence oftheNewRussianHouse

85 86 7. TheEmergence oftheNewRussianHouse number of interesting ‘contemporary’ a are there today aresult, As architecture. ‘contemporary’ for embracing clients Th Wider influences Alexander Brodsky,Alexander Yuri Grigorian the known Together, became they Kalinina. and of McAdam colleagues and friends House Th including practice, tothe werecommissioned houses such Further suburbs. wealthy Moscow’sin expanding, Wright, Lloyd of Frank derivations and villas, neo-vernacular retro-castles, palaces, this process and to lead the way byexample. way the lead to and process this Th authors. as buildings realise actually and process, design enjoy the and learn materials, and form with experiment ideas, their express to architects practicing for these outlet main the On refl houses. private these than other period, 20-year this in produced masterpieces architectural wereno genuine there raised, incrementally was standard basic the But while buildings. but thoughtful some modest produced and city the within Later, some of these architects went on to win more substantial commissions e House in the Pine Forest set a trend amongst a modest number of private of private number amodest amongst atrend set Forest Pine the in eHouse ‘Architectural Resistance’ 10 10 ection it’s clear that these commissions for ‘contemporary’ houses were houses for ‘contemporary’ commissions these it’s that ection clear and House 2011, and other architects with similar commissions became became commissions similar 2011, House with and architects other and Moscow. curators, designers, exhibition architects, practicing well-known Kuzmin: and 14 Savinkin Moscow. atABArchitects, partner architect, practicing well-known Savvin: Andrey 13 Moscow. in Institute ofStrelka director Russian Meganom. atProject partner architect, practicing well-known 12 Yuri Grigorian: Prospectors. the with –Working essay the in 2007, in described Architects byMcAdam realised house private 20: 11 House Univermag. and Trubnaya, House and Larch Prospectors the with –Working essays the in described 2006, in Architects byMcAdam realised house private House: Larch 10 generalisation. this using described was neo-vernacular neo-classical, the than other anything where ofMoscow, context specific the in used is term this 9 Contemporary: . Members included: Eugene Asse, Yuri Avvakumov, Yuri Avvakumov, Asse, Eugene included: . Members e practice felt a responsibility to advocate for advocate to felt a responsibility epractice 12 , Andrey Savin , Andrey 8 houses, scattered amongst the neo-classical neo-classical the amongst scattered houses, 13 , and Savinkin and Kuzmin and Savinkin , and e Larch 14 . 7. TheEmergence oftheNewRussianHouse Main house and pool. View from south, south, from View pool. and house Main Viewed fromViewed driveway entrance Main house. View from south from View house. Main through vertical pine trees pine vertical through Approach to house

87 8. Th e Practice Map

How can we begin to understand the complex workings of 20 years of practice? 90 8. ThePractice Map Th workings of 20years of practice? How canwe begin to understand the complex is referred to as toas referred is diff to represent wereused bands Horizontal activities. work and of practice breadth and range the fi Our it found diffi we also nature of multifarious apractice As over time. evolved had itself practice how our torefl seldom stopped wehad then, Until activities. of practice range the and practice, of the nature peripatetic and bicultural Th to begin. 2011 in program wewerenot or where how quite sure research this webegan When research. of the stages atvarious redrawn and drawn Th at the practice activities as a whole, enabling us to draw motivation from reality. diagrams. Th the time we arrived at wearrived time the understand By to activities. and toprevious wereconnected how they and were positioned works, they where current add to able were we developed, research the As dissertation. 9of this Chapter in described is which of Endeavours, Diagram the wedeveloped mind in this With projects. built and competitions, initiatives, and visions strategic of activity: streams clear three around revolved practice the that understand toclearly us helped had Map Practice the stage, By this development. clarifi further with along added, were enchainments mentors and development poster, of the contemporaries, where 3 Map Practice works and activities were detailed. Practice milestones and infl fi development of that drawn 2 Map Practice and panelists gave also It whole. coherent a as research. of our steps next on the advise and tocomment opportunity the supervisors activities practice and work of body the view and back tostand us it allowed as process, auseful tobe We this found specifi with atimeline, against what might happen next; in other words, a tool for looking forwards as well as back. as well as forwards atoolfor looking words, other in next; happen might what 2013) it had become a living tool for plotting practice activities and for discussing e Practice Map was developed through an interactive, iterative process. It was It was process. iterative interactive, an through developed was Map ePractice is is the fi rst step in this refl this in step rst ere were distinct areas of study: the accumulated work of 20 years, the the years, 20 of work accumulated the study: of areas distinct were ere e function of the Practice Map was inductive, as it allowed us tolook us it allowed as inductive, was Map Practice of the efunction rst in a series of chapters that analyses the practice’s work through erent practice activities and project typologies. Th Practice Map 1 Map Practice (Practice Symposium Two, Symposium (Practice Ghent November 2011) ahand- was (Practice Symposium Th Symposium (Practice cult to isolate specifi toisolate cult Practice Map 4 Map Practice ective process was to create a large, printed poster displaying displaying poster printed alarge, tocreate was process ective rst poster, where connections and links between the the between links and poster,rst connections where c moments and political events identifi events political c moments and , Practice Symposium One, Ghent April 2011. Ghent One, Symposium April , Practice cation of the links and connections in practice practice in connections and links of the cation (Practice Research Symposium Five, April Five, April Symposium Research (Practice ect on the body of work or to understand of work or body tounderstand on the ect c traits in our work. our in c traits ree, Ghent April 2012) was a further 2012) Ghent ree, April afurther was uences wereadded. uences ese were plotted ed. Th e poster Map 5 Map crossovers for specifi each streams the only not and turns routes, exact the but them, also understand between to connections of work and needed we development, this on To capitalise practice. of the directions Th future the informing was research the change. internal of atmosphere an monitoring and for understanding medium acrucial became process research Th London. in primarily located been had partners the 2007 since that fact the and situation, political and signifi was Russia in workload Its signifi underwent practice the program, research of the course the Over single complex diagram complex single illustrating and clarifying practice activities, infl or specifi complex ofwork, body alarge with practices established for that We believe developments. and links moments, key identify to us helped and complexities, as a whole, enabling activities practice the at look and back stand to us it allowed as us inductive was to draw motivation It time. over evolved practice howthe understanding from and ofwork, body on the reality. refl for tool It essential an was Map gave Practice the that weconclude clarityOverall, in with the Prospectors, for which the route is identifi Working 6, for Chapter abasis as used (see 5), Chapter was and seminar Imagination confi Map Practice the example, Th over developments time. and background their described and trajectories their plotted precisely lines interconnecting whose intersections, and stations as map). or metro We railway identifi (an underground e type of work became more focused, but the locations more disparate. Th more disparate. locations but the more focused, of work became e type e results were fascinating and provided new angles for practice refl for practice angles new provided and were fascinating eresults as a linear diagram without illustration, similar to that of the ‘Tube of the tothat Map’ similar illustration, without diagram alinear as c characteristics, the Practice Map is an extremely useful tool for for tool useful extremely an is Map Practice the ccharacteristics, 1 Tube map: The London Underground map as drawn by Harry Beck in 1931. in Beck byHarry drawn as map Underground 1 Tube London The map: c project or activity. To orc project activity. end wedeveloped this . rmed the important starting point of the Project Project point of the starting important the rmed cantly reduced as a result of the general economic economic general of the aresult as reduced cantly ere was undoubtedly asignifi undoubtedly erewas ed in colour on on colour in ed ed the projects and activities uences and contexts in a cant moment when when moment cant Practice Map 5 Map Practice cant change. ection. For ection. Practice Practice ecting ecting e 1 .

8. ThePractice Map

91 92 moments and political events identified. events political and moments plotted against a timeline with specific specific with atimeline against plotted McAdam Architects, Practice Research Symposium One, One, Symposium Research Practice diagram shows practice activities activities practice shows diagram 8. ThePractice Map Ghent April 2011. This This 2011. April Ghent

Practice Map 1, 1, Map Practice activities. Milestones and influences are are influences and Milestones activities. McAdam Architects, Architects, McAdam Practice Research Symposium Two, Symposium Research Practice This diagram shows a development adevelopment shows diagram This of Practice Map 1, with connections connections with 1, Map of Practice 8. ThePractice Map identified between projects and and projects between identified Ghent November 2011. 2011. November Ghent Practice Map 2, 2, Map Practice also noted.

93 94 with further detail on contemporaries, contemporaries, on detail further with Ghent April 2012. This diagram shows shows diagram This 2012. April Ghent Practice Research Symposium Three, Three, Symposium Research Practice McAdam Architects, stage the three streams of practice ofpractice streams three the stage mentors and enchainments. At this At this enchainments. and mentors a development of Practice Map 2, 2, Map ofPractice a development activity become clearly visible. clearly become activity 8. ThePractice Map Practice Map 3, 3, Map Practice Symposium Five, Barcelona November November Barcelona Five, Symposium 2013. This diagram shows the Practice Practice the shows diagram This 2013. turns and intersections are identified identified are intersections and turns Practice Map 5, Map Practice 8. ThePractice Map for specific projects and activities. and projects specific for where exact routes, connections, connections, routes, exact where Map converted into a ‘Tube Map’ a‘Tube into Map’ converted Map McAdam Architects, Practice Research Research Practice

95 96 the Practice Map being used as a tool atool as used being Map Practice the Ghent April 2013. This diagram shows shows diagram This 2013. April Ghent McAdam Architects, Architects, McAdam for approaching current work with an an with work current approaching for connections with practice activities. activities. practice with connections Practice Research Symposium Five, Five, Symposium Research Practice understanding of their position and and position oftheir understanding 8. ThePractice Map Updated in August 2014. August in Updated Practice Map 4, 4, Map Practice

MILESTONES INFLUENCE / PRIVATE EDUCATION & COMPETITIONS STRATEGIC VISIONS & INITIATIVES BUILT PROJECTS COMMUNITIES OF MENTORS DEVELOPMENTS PUBLIC ACTIVITIES PRACTICE 1990 PROJECTRUSSIA founder andeditor, Bart Goldhoorn exchange Student STUDENT EXCHANGE CANTERBURY - MOSCOW 1990-91 tattoos” without anyoftheusualforMoscow“decorative Referred tobyjournalistas“effi Completed 1997 Offi Shepkina 4

PROJECT IMAGINATION New independantarchitects,debate,events,culturalexchange, NEW RUSSIA,CHAOS&EXCITEMENT, INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE,OPTIMIS

BRITISH - RUSSIAN ARCHITECTURAL SEMINAR &ResidentialBuilding,CentralMoscow.ce 1997 Exoil Servicestations MOSCOW ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE -1992 1997 ASSE EUGENE PROJECTS WITH imagination Project First newbuildcomission1994 Offi ce Building,CentralMoscow. Plotnikov MOSCOW OFFICEOPENED-1993 ALSOP ARCHITECTS 1997 Domodedovo Airport annual architecturalforum Founder of ARCH MOSCOW Vasily Bychkov Alsop Moscow simplicity” cient 1995 1998 Khrestianskaia Zastava okhp ocwAcietrlIsiue rjc mgnto Tls. Dpoaui AKI Krasnodar Diplomaunit-MARKHI Schoolsof Architecture Lectures &Conferences-UK,Russia, Lectures andtutoring,Various schoolsVarious lecturesUK,Russia Workshops Moscow Architectural Institute.Projectimagination -Tblisi. building whichhadbeenrefurbished. Mistaken bylocalarchitectasexemplary1930s Architecture. Awarded BolshayaMedal byRussian Academy of Offi ce Building,CentralMoscow. Completed1999 Trubnaya 12 P.I. Tiblisi es Today” Published inJeremyMelvinsbook“CountryHous- porary privatehousesinRussia Recognised asoneofthefi pleted 2000 Private HouseandPool,MoscowRegion.Com- Ogonek Alison andPeterSmithson critic, professorofarchitec- Architect, artist,architectural Eugine Asse 2000 Oslo OperaHouse Shepkina nulEhbto uy-Cnrl os fAtss Ehbto uhi os JMWAF JuryBarcelona Documentary Exhibition-Pushkin House TV-Changing rooms ExhibitionRIBABeyond BritainConfere Various talks&ConferencesTime forchangeexhibition British-Russian Architectural events Annual Exhibitionjury-CentralHouseof Artists Project Imagination rst minimalisticcontem- 1997 Princess CresentHouse Pekin Hotel Stopped duetolocalpolitics2005 Scheme designcomplete2004. Mixed-use development,CentralMoscow Project Russiajournal Architect, artist Alexandr Brodsky 2000 John Thompson 2002 Detsky Mir LONDON &MOSCOW2001 MCADAM ARCHITECTS Private projects M, YELTSIN by PapalEnvoytoRussia,November2000 Built bylocalcatholiccommunityandinaugurated Concept approvedbyVatican in1998 Krasnodar. Completed 2000 Church ofStBarbara&theHolyRosary, The HolyRosary Church ofStBarbara& 1999 Krasnodar House Moscow Region.2005 master planningof6000hectaresfarmlandin Development briefandcompetitionprogramfor Komunarka Masterplan Architec Alexandr Skokan Theo Crosby ontemporary settlementinMoscowRegion Recognised asfi Completed 2005 Residential settlement,MoscowRegion. Nikolskaya Sloboda Trubnaya Award t 2002 Aviapark rst non-gated,non-fencedc completed Church Repression ofContemporary Architecture inMoscowbyCityMayor RUSSIAFAST DEVELOPINGECONOMY, POLITICAL STABILITY, OIL &GAS, Re-emergence ofStateDesignInstitutesNewarchitectspushedo Cathrine Cooke 2002 2001 Moscow Apartment Architect Sergey Kisselev Univermag comission Will Alsop 2005 Started on-site2004.Stoppedduetolocalpolitics Department Store,CentralMoscow Univermag 2003 Dublin Docks Minister ofCulture Concept anddevelopmentstrategypresentedto Moscow Central Houseof Artists, Labelled inWest asRussia’s fi rst sustainablehouse. facades. materials, re-introducingtheuseofLarchplanksfor with glazedinternalcourtyard.Builtmainlyfromlocal Designed usingtraditional“backtothewind”approach Completed 2006 Private House&Pool,MoscowRegion. Larch House British Council Comission Paper architect,artist Yuri Avvakumov Eugene Ass 2004 2004 Avenue Road e Larch House Complete ner, HamburgandotherGermaconsultants 12,000 people.JointventurewithJanStormerPart- Detailed masterplanconceptfornewtownof Nikolo-Khovanskoye NewTown 2005 Terraced house Canterbury Shell completed2005. Centre, StPetersburg British CouncilInformation Partner, ProjectMeganom la,Practicingarchitect. plia), Alexandra Pavlova(Ka- climate andsocio-economicfactors. sian villacouldevolve,withconsiderationoflocal An indepthanalysisofhowthecontemporaryRus- 2008 Private House&Pool,MoscowRegion.Completed House 20 ut ofthecitytodesignforprivateclientsinsuburbia. commission , IndiscriminatedemolitionofConstructivistbuildings, New Town Vsevolod Kulish 2005 Rossiya INCREASEDWEALTH, PUTIN Meganom, professorofarchitecture Practicing architect.Partner, Project Yuri Grigorian 2006 completed House 20 Foster. individual plots,includingJeanNouvelandNorman of 8EuropeanandRussianarchitectstodesign regeneration projectinCentralMoscow. Selection Development briefandmasterplanforhigh-profi Red October GermanyDiplomaTutor Krasnadarpostgraduatereview martial artshall. Asophisticated boxcontainingspafacilitiesand Completion due2011 Spa &FitnessCentre,MoscowRegion.On-site. Sport Club 2006 St. Petersburg Film Festival with transparentconnections Private HouseandPool. Arrangemet ofpavilions Benelux Misha Architect Vladimir Plotkin Msecas20-rsn rtqe-MRH ilm uo rsoa otgaut eiw Masterclass2006-presentCritique-MARKHIDiplomatutorKrasnodar Post-graduate review c Poeto fHrtg Cntutvs udnsSve rtls) Annual exhibit ion -CHA P.I. Housing Action Protection ofHeritage(Constructivistbuidings,SovietBrutalism) nce le centre. Ongoing. New strategyforlarge-scaleretailandlogistics Centre European InternationalTrade 2008 2007 Antonovka Architect, inventor Andrey Savvin fi l h hsnoe:Aciet A uy TK/WAF JudgeandSpeaker Singapore2013 WAN jury lm -Thechosenones: Architect Ian Ritchie Detail designcompleted2010 UK projectforaRussianclient England Pool House&Pool,Surrey, UK Commission Central London2010 Apartments /Interiors

investors, developersandownersofsitesforprivatehouses. ENERGY, SUPERPOWER.RussianclientsemergeintheWest as RUSSIABECOMES MOREINFLUENTIAL INWORLD AFFAIRS 2009 Rochdelskaya centre. Ongoing. New strategyforlarge-scaleretailandlogistics Centre Moscow InternationalTrade Architects &Entertainers Savvinkin &Kuzmin eta os fAtss TKExternalExaminar UEL Central Houseof Artisis 2010 Israel Central London2012 Apartments /Interiors Detail designcompleted2011 Caesaria, Israel. Private HouseandPool, With Ginzburg2010 Alexey Sputnik Valeriy Goloverov Architect architect. Partner, Ginzburg Aleksey Ginzburg,Practicing 2012 South Winchcombe Manor Minister ofCulture Concept anddevelopmentstrategypresentedto Moscow Central Houseof Artists, s PhD ResearchProgram2011-2014 France With Ginzburg2011Alexey Salekhard 2012 Practice Research architect, DSDHA.RMITPhD, Deborah Saunt,Practicing Central London2012 development project Fernshow Road Jan Stoermer Prival HouseandPool,Onsite Anosino Private HouseandPool, 2013 Family House Aberdeen Phaze 1.Ongoing. Centre European InternationalTrade sations andindividuals. Crimea. West imposeseconomicsanctionsonRussianorgani- THE WESTINPOLITICALSTAND-OFF. Russiatakesback SOCHI WINTEROLIMPICS.UKRAINIANCRISIS,RUSSIA AND Leon vanSchaik With Andrey Chernikhov&others2013 Big Moscow search UCL. RMITPhD, PracticeRe- C. J.Lim,Professorof Architecture, MBBK Developments 2014 Renovation &Extention2014Onsite London Private HouseCromwell Avenue Ufa Russiaonsite Renovation andnewblock2013on-going Bashkortostan Hotel On site2014 Interior andOutdoormodifi cations andImprovement Phase 1Upgrade Moscow Central Houseof Artists, 2014 With Will Alsop & Alexey Ginzburg Nagatino search 5th Studio.RMIT PhD,PracticeRe- Tom Holbrook,Practicingarchitect, 9. Th e Endeavours of Practice

What are the practice’s activities and aspirations and how do they combine to create the essence of the practice? 100 9. TheEndeavours ofPractice activities could be classifi these that thus and reasons, strategic and altruistic for both activities these in During the research process, we realised publications. and exhibitions that seminars, and workshops the practice consciouslyvisions, briefi engages Th initiatives and visions Strategic A. entail they what investigated we categories practice. for the these carry of they importance what and nature exact the determine To projects Built C. B. Competitions initiatives and visions Strategic A. of activity: streams into three organized clearly work is our that Th Symposium research 3, Practice Map (Practice Map Practice of the use through established wehave Architects, of McAdam case the In practice of components partners. its where and practice of that workings everyday instances on and ambition, strategy the predicated with accordance in separate are and entwine interlock, endeavours practice’s Each practice. architectural ‘endeavours’ in as matters tothese refer We generally can and circumstances. Each has specifi specifi own its of way working, own its has practice architectural Every practice. by the gained satisfaction and aspirations the to relation in and another, one to relation in activities and works of our position of the examination adetailed It was process. Th diagrams. Th of the practice? and how dothey combine to create the essence What are the practice’s activities andaspirations is activity stream covers the practice’s strategic involvement in urban planning planning involvement urban in strategic practice’s the covers stream activity is is is the second in a series of essays that analyses the practice’s work through e Endeavours of Practice was the undertaking of an introspective introspective of an undertaking the was of Practice eEndeavours ng documents, development strategies, teaching and consultations, consultations, and teaching development strategies, documents, ng ed as one other. or the as ed c aims, objectives and aspirations for the future. future. for the aspirations and objectives c aims, ree, Ghent April 2012), Ghent ree, April c drivers drivers c Most of these activities have been in or related to Russia, but this is not exclusive. not is this but Russia, to related or in been have activities these of Most stepping stone to interesting procuring commissions. Th a as used be possibly and circles, profession the in position our a move toadvance base, knowledge tobroaden our apossibility behaviour, professional and on social At the same time involve: they can opportunity an to have a degree of infl Th settings. public in of ideas exchange and dialogue open profession, architectural to the knowledge, assistance with educational programs, initiation of events benefiTh e motivation behind these activities can involve: the simple passing on of ese drivers are altruistic. altruistic. are drivers ese ese gains are more strategic. are gains ese uence uence cial cial Research Symposium Three, Ghent April 2012. April Ghent Three, Symposium Research 9. TheEndeavours ofPractice McAdam Architects, diagram showing three three showing diagram Architects, McAdam defined areas of practice activity. Practice Strategic visions and initiatives and visions Strategic Competitions Built projects

101 102 McAdam Architects, Research Symposium Three, Ghent April 2012. April Ghent Three, Symposium Research of three streams of practice activity. Practice Practice activity. ofpractice streams of three 9. TheEndeavours ofPractice

diagram illustrating works works illustrating diagram in this dissertation. this in mentioned are projects built of Most these suspended. was construction which store for incomplete department an and achurch, pavilions, pool houses, private Th realized. been have projects these cases most In practice. bythe design, todetail inception from entirety, in designed are which Th projects Built C. 15, Chapter in described ‘Th openoccasional competitions. Th Th design. or schematic conceptual than further not have developed which projects Th B. Competitions e third activity stream is the most conventional in that it encompasses buildings buildings encompasses it that in conventional most the is stream activity third e ey comprise commissions for feasibility studies, design concepts, invited and and invited concepts, design studies, for feasibility commissions comprise ey of unrealized range diverse and avast encompasses stream activity esecond Competitions e Art of Elasticity’. eArt Strategic visionsand ey cover a diverse range of project types, as as of types, project range adiverse cover ey initiatives ey have included offi included have ey Built projects ce buildings, built projects stream, a built project may become catalyst for an initiative, and so on. on. so and initiative, for an catalyst become may project abuilt stream, projects built move intothe may acompetition stream, competition move intothe suddenly may initiative An practice. of the dynamic the in apparent suddenly is intensity a new tocross, begin streams But the when nature. in static often but are endurance and Th resonance. of particular not worthy object architectural an as realized be and brief toarigid restricted be will project A built competition will be confi A or seminars. of exhibitions aseries being than further not progress will initiative In many endeavours instances, remain within a specifi practice. our tounderstand diagrams touse continued we have Map, Practice the through practice of the analysis inductive the on from Following ofEndeavours Diagram The e activities held within a specifi Line ofResistance Circle ofEnjoyment opttosBuiltprojects Competitions Endeavours ned to a minor publication, plan chest and model store. model and chest plan publication, toaminor ned c stream may contain elements of both enjoyment of elements both contain may c stream Strategic visionand initiatives Endeavours

c stream. For example, an an For example, c stream. Endeavours Joy (FuturePractice) the three rings of practice activity. These rings rings These activity. ofpractice rings three the around a core of Joy in architectural practice. architectural in ofJoy acore around Three, Ghent April 2012. This diagram shows shows diagram This 2012. April Ghent Three, Endeavours. 9. TheEndeavours ofPractice overlapping to create a Circle of Enjoyment ofEnjoyment aCircle tocreate overlapping McAdam Architects, Architects, McAdam Practice Research Symposium The Diagram of of Diagram The

103 104 Symposium Five, Ghent April 2013. This diagram diagram This 2013. April Ghent Five, Symposium Endeavours & Resistance. &Resistance. Endeavours distorted, and concentric rings added to show toshow added rings concentric and distorted, lines of resistance in practice – Enjoyment, –Enjoyment, practice in ofresistance lines shows the three rings of practice activity activity ofpractice rings three the shows Tolerance, Trials and Tribulations, and McAdam Architects, Architects, McAdam 9. TheEndeavours ofPractice Practice Research Research Practice The Diagram of of Diagram The Humiliations Th in the overlapping of two rings, where streams of crossed. work have streams where rings, of two overlapping the in of some Enjoyment, Circle the within well positioned are works of these four All Laboratory. Architectural Regional the and Competition Nagatino Th diagram. the projects or activitiesTo which further we consider understand as enjoyable, our and work positioned in this of Humiliation. aprohibited area extreme, the in and them context into we Tribulations, and Trials are have line over this Further place. takes practice selectedeveryday four recentof Enjoyment. Beyond this area Circle the within is fall a practice resistant of elements architectural Unfortunately, not all Line of Tolerance, where much of overlap. rings three the where centre, very (Joy)the Enjoyment at Fulfi and Architectural lled diagram of the area central the of Enjoyment aCircle occupying (rings) with streams activity overlapping of three e Diagram of Endeavours focuses on this specifi on this focuses of Endeavours eDiagram ese are: the Central House of Artists, Caesarea pool pavilion, the the pavilion, pool Caesarea of House Artists, Central the are: ese c state of intensity. It is made up up made is It intensity. of state c positioned in the area of Joy where where ofJoy area the in positioned Central House of Artists of House Central Enjoyment in the Built Projects Projects Built the in Enjoyment Caesarea Pool Pavilion positioned within the Circle of Circle the within positioned Nagatino Competition Competition Nagatino positioned within the Circle Circle the within positioned Competions and Strategic Strategic and Competions Circle of Enjoyment in the the in of Enjoyment Circle 9. TheEndeavours ofPractice Regional Architectural Architectural Regional Strategic Initiatives ring. Initiatives Strategic Diagram of Endeavours. of Enjoyment where the the where of Enjoyment Initiatives rings overlap. rings Initiatives the three rings overlap, rings three the positioned within the within positioned at the centre ofthe centre at the Laboratory 2012, 2012, 2013, 2011, 2011, 2013, 2013, ring.

105 106 High-level view of the ofthe view High-level showing its position on the Moskva River. Moskva the on position its showing 9. TheEndeavours ofPractice C entral House of Artists of House entral

Th time. in moments atdiff rings three of the each in existed fact in has aproject which Artists, Th of Endeavours. Diagram the in position central the identifi wehave consideration careful After ofArtists House Central The minor re-planning works, the design of new gallery spaces and the main foyer. main the and spaces gallery of new design the works, re-planning minor Rather than losing momentum, the practice was then appointed to assist with decision-making. of positive purpose for the involved parties many weretoo there as not tofruition but come did Schvydkoy, Mikhail of Culture, Minister Russian bythe well-received and were presented Proposals underground. and parapets existing the within provided tobe was space exhibition Additional riverbank. on the piazza and entrance anew with space, standing L-shaped structure,film. Th carefully of contemporary museum anew and spaces exhibition additional toinclude project, engineered into arefurbishment for such proposals toprepare commissioned was practice the a 2003, In redundant courtyard building. of the upgrade and refurbishment future the discussed whom weregularly Director, Vasily Bychkov General the with acquainted closely we became Moscow Arch time this During event. exhibition for this committee organizing of the members became architecture annual the at exhibited Th 1979. in opened was Nikolai Sukoyan Nikolai by 1979, designed in completed It 1980 was forwas the time Games. Olympic in and River Moskva of the bank on positioned the is hall exhibition 60,000sqm e Central House of Artists is an outstanding example of Soviet Brutalism of Soviet example outstanding an is of Artists House eCentral e practice has been associated with this building since the 1990s. we the First since building this with associated been has epractice e scheme for this was very simple – the museum element was to be afree- tobe element was museum simple –the very was for this escheme 2 , an architect at the state design institute, MosProject 2, and and 2, MosProject institute, design state atthe architect , an ed one project which could occupy occupy could oneed project which is is the Central House of House Central the is is 3 , and subsequently subsequently , and 4 , with , with erent 1 . Th e Chamber on Preservation and Development of Social Culture. ofSocial Development and Preservation on Chamber Public ofthe Chairman ofArtists. House Central ofthe Director General 4 Vasily Bychkov: architectural matters. current discuss and toexhibit practices architectural private for forum main the is It ofArtists. House Central atthe held exhibition architecture annual an is 3 Arch-Moscow 1970s. and 1960s during Mosproject-2 institute design atstate architect (1914–2009): Sukoyan 2 Nikolai buildings. administration and public for style state the as encouraged particularly was It 1980s. early tothe 1960s the from Union Soviet the in flourished which movement architecture Brutalist the Brutalism: 1 Soviet visualisation, showing new L-shaped volume and L-shaped and new volume showing visualisation, McAdam Architects, Architects, McAdam Architects, McAdam 9. TheEndeavours ofPractice axonometric sketch for public circulation public for sketch axonometric main entrance on riverbank, 2003. riverbank, on entrance main Central House of Artists of House Central Artists of House Central and access, 2003. access, and

107 108 Excerpt from article in in article from Excerpt visualisation of the ofthe visualisation Excerpt from article in in article from Excerpt 9. TheEndeavours ofPractice (on-line supplement by Rossiyskaya byRossiyskaya supplement (on-line Gazeta) about Mayor Luzhkov, Mayor with about Gazeta) by Rory Olcayto, 11 April 2008. 11 April Olcayto, by Rory ‘Orange’ Foster, 11 Oct 2010. 11 Oct Foster, Building Design The Telegraph Telegraph The by Norman byNorman by the wife of Mayor Luzhkov wife by the for owned demolition. Adevelopment company targeted suddenly was of Artists Th Putin in 2008. Th 2008. in Putin it –signed-off todemolish approval lobbied for political successfully fi high-level many that Knowing centre. city the including Vasily Bychkov, David Sarkisyan colleagues, and of agroup architects out with weset Togallery. threat, the counter a as for use its well-suited was building the and Brutalism of Soviet examples best Th ‘Th as development known use Government and the fi the and Government Eventually the demolition order was revoked byPresident Medvedev revoked demolition order was the Eventually on location. installations and of actions anumber including building, the tosave support wide was there and objected, –actively architects and writers –artists, Intelligensia the occasion Onthis community. architectural the through Th heritage.” oflocal consideration saying: quoted was such Asse Eugene as Norman article, Foster same the In consider and go themselves should Foster free protecting. of obligation needs absolutely one.” this replace to abuilding when and He bedesigning shouldn’t it. at alook have it Moscow in comes to building the best the “It’s quoted: bluntly was Olcay, McAdam James byRory report Design aBuilding In replacement. for demolition its and proposals any todenounce and building and landscape architect Martha Schwartz Martha architect landscape and development strategy, in collaboration with economic advisers Happold Consulting Happold advisers economic with collaboration in development strategy, Arts’. Th for Contemporary Centre ‘National Th public amenities. and galleries cinemas, art spaces, development exhibition of new Th building. of the expansion and refurbishment for the proposals toprepare commissioned 2011,In again was practice the Moscow. in heritage of architectural protection the Th normal. as again continued of Artists Th not legally-founded. was decision previous the that e battle which ensued was lengthy and complicated, with much debate spreading much debatespreading with complicated, and lengthy was ensued which ebattle e next episode of involvement was of adiff of involvement episode was enext e plan was to upgrade the Central House of Artists and its surroundings as the the as surroundings its and of Artists House Central the to upgrade was eplan e architectural and arts communities were up in arms. Th arms. wereupin communities arts and earchitectural ey proposed to replace it with a Norman Foster-designed, mixed- Foster-designed, aNorman it with toreplace proposed ey nancial backing of a wealthy private individual. private of awealthy backing nancial e Orange’. 5 , had seen the real-estate potential of a large site in of alarge potential real-estate the seen , had is episode was seen as a turning point in point in aturning as seen was episode is 10 . Th e concept had the support of Federal of Federal support the had econcept e scheme for this was prepared as a as prepared was for this escheme 6 erent nature, as the Central House House Central the as erent nature, and Eugene Asse gures detested the building, they they building, the detested gures is time it involved a complex “It’s totally wrong. Starchitects Starchitects wrong. “It’s totally e life of the Central House House Central of the elife is was one of the was is 7 , to protect this this , toprotect by President byPresident 8 , on the basis basis , on the 9

stakeholders – Th Th in other creative professions. endeavours couldbe benefi practice examine to approach orsimilar adiagram such that We believe time. in moment aparticular at phase development practice the understand to us enabling years, orthree two every approximately shift rings activity the in intensities where onacycle, run endeavours our that ofEndeavours Diagram the through noticed We also have practice. ofthe future the to value its consider therefore and activity, project/practice particular ofeach status and position the assess to able been wehave ofEndeavours Diagram the Using Th spaces. support associated foyer and main of the design and re-planning the appointed toundertake again was 2013,In practice the implemented by our colleagues Oleg Shapiro Oleg colleagues implemented byour and 2011 and detailed 2003 the wererecently both in concepts, featured had which riverbank, on the landscaping and areas for recreational proposals note, the Onapositive on forward. away agreement toreach –wereunable Government City e problems encounted were a repeat of the previous scheme, where the three three the where scheme, previous of the werearepeat eproblems encounted of McAdam and Kalinina. and of McAdam Colleagues Moscow. Design, ofWowhaus Directors Likin: Dmitri and Shapiro 12 Oleg Russian Art. ofContemporary collection permanent holding gallery state Tretyakov11 State Gallery: artist. /landscape architect landscape American well-known Schwartz: Martha 10 Happold engineering group. ofBuro part Strategies, Economic for consultant London-based Consulting: 9 Happold 2008-2012. between ofRussia President Medvedev: 8 Dmitriy School. Architectural of Moscow Rector and critic architectural known best Russia’s Asse: 7 Eugene scene. architectural Russian the on figures significant most ofthe One ofArchitecture, Museum State Russian ofthe director –2009): (1956 Sarkisyan 6 David Constructivism. of examples some including demolished, indiscriminately were buildings of historical off his During 1992–2010. from number large 5 Yuri a ofMoscow ice Luzhkov: Mayor e Central House of Artists, Th of Artists, House eCentral cially applied to other architectural practices and and practices architectural other to applied cially

e Tretyakov Gallery eTretyakov and Dmitri Likin Dmitri and is work is presently ongoing. presently work is is 12 . 11 and Moscow 9. TheEndeavours ofPractice The National Centre for Contemporary for Centre National The McAdam Architects, The Practice Cycle Practice The Architects, McAdam McAdam Architects, visualisation, Practice Symposium Four, Symposium Practice Arts Ghent, November 2012. from riverbank, 2011. riverbank, from

109 110 9. TheEndeavours ofPractice McAdam Architects, visualisation, Contemporary Arts, Contemporary Arts, landscaping proposals by proposals landscaping The National Centre for for Centre National The The National Centre for Centre National The Martha Schwartz, 2011. Schwartz, Martha

Initial

2011.

INFORMAL

SOFT

qui

e

BUILDING Public toQuietspacetransition Pedestrian circulation andaccess Views towater Underground automobiledriveway Main pedestrianentrance

t

PUBLIC

t e LANDSCAPE qui

TRANSITION SPACE

PUBLIC

FORMAL

HARD

PUBLIC quiet to G the approaches engaged? what are the drivers behind seminal key projects and What are the practice’s House andUnivermag 10. Trubnaya, Larch 112 April 2012. Trubnaya, Larch House, Univermag. Univermag. Trubnaya, House, Larch 2012. April McAdam Architects, Architects, McAdam Practice Research Symposium Three, Ghent Ghent Three, Symposium Research Practice 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag 3D Model from initial design stages. design initial from Model 3D model from initial design stages. Univermag Department Store Department Univermag Trubnaya Off Trubnaya photo during construction. during photo Key projects identified. identified. Key projects The Larch House Larch The ice Building , , , Th we aspire. projects represent the level of professional and architectural satisfaction Th ambitions. and methods to which practice to our fundamental are wereand which projects key three isolated wehave of Endeavours, Diagram and Map Practice Th the approaches engaged? projects andwhat are the drivers behind What are the practice’s seminal key their development? infl space mental the how has and designs the behind drivers the are What aspirations? ofpractice terms in successful projects these are Why questions: central two through them weexamined projects, key three these chosen Having creation. their in involved space mental the atwork and drivers design the tounderstand attempt an in detail in buildings three these studied todiff were subject diff completely are they in the period when practice activities were concentrated in Russia. Interestingly, Th (2004) Store Department Univermag C. B. Th A. Trubnaya Offi Th 13, Chapter in Families. Happy We this describe characteristics. similar tohave them shown components has of architectural astudy where matrix, Th of Endeavours. e projects are all in Moscow. in Th all are eprojects ese three key projects have been identifi been have projects key three ese e key projects are: projects ekey rough a combination of sub-conscious recognition, implementation of the of the implementation recognition, of sub-conscious acombination rough e Larch House (2006) House eLarch ce Building (1999) ce Building eir selection has also been reinforced through an analytical analytical an through reinforced been also has selection eir erent design parameters and external infl external and parameters erent design erent in function, type, materials and appearance, and and appearance, and materials type, erent function, in ey were built or designed between 1997 and 2006, 2006, and 1997 between designed or built were ey ed at points of overlap on the Diagram Diagram the on overlap of points at ed Weuences. have uenced uenced ese 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Trubnaya, Larch House and Univermag Univermag and Trubnaya, House Larch matrix. Symposium Three, Ghent, April 2012. 2012. April Ghent, Three, Symposium identified on project relationship This diagram shows the position of position the shows diagram This McAdam Architects, Architects, McAdam McAdam Architects, Architects, McAdam Two, Ghent, November 2011. This This 2011. Two, November Ghent, projects, as using the same high high same the using as projects, diagram identifies the three key three the identifies diagram number of similar architectural architectural ofsimilar number Practice Research Symposium in the Diagram ofEndeavours. Diagram the in McAdam’s Dissertation essay, essay, Dissertation McAdam’s identified. components (as described in in (as described components Belonging to the Emperor). tothe Belonging Practice Research Research Practice Key projects Key projects Key projects Key projects

113 114 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag accelerating spiral of windows around cylindrical cylindrical around ofwindows spiral accelerating Th quarters with the occasional – servants’ buildings low-rise 19th centrury weremainly Moscow. Its surroundings element of Soviet Brutalismsite was positioned Th industry. gas Russia’s and in oil involved rented toWesternbe corporations on the corner of two backstreets in a hilly part of central Th A. Trubnaya Off Without doubt, the building contains references to Constructivist architecture toConstructivist references contains Without building doubt, the of Moscow. centre hold took the in architecture contemporary Th permission. planning for the authorities city the – AB ‘Ostozhenka’ – AB practice local established an weinvited design, concept initial of the approval After eff spiral accelerating an in façade green of the bulk the across werestaggered windows strip and glazing, of horizontal strip byacontinuous wereseparated building the ‘stern’ Th ‘rudder’ end. higher tower atthe standalone lower front and end, atthe ‘bow’ cylindrical with stone plinth on ablack raised Th challenge! aserious was this nineties late the in Russia In materials. available and methods building local using realizable tobe but had nature, in contemporary and functional tobe was architecture. defi have traits –Constructivist time atthe available materials building and process design the location, of the nature contextual of the –more aconsequence intent architect of the stylistic initial not the was this Whilst e brief was for a standard, corporate offi corporate for astandard, was ebrief eTrubnaya Offi e eight-storey building was designed as a green-rendered, boat-like object, object, boat-like agreen-rendered, as designed was building eeight-storey e project was approved just months before Mayor Lushkov’s repression of Mayor Lushkov’s repression before approved months just eproject was (opposite) View from Ulitsa Trubnaya showing Ulitsa (opposite) from View ect around the cylinder. the around ect renowned and its eff ects on later developments in architecture have been marked. been have effarchitecture its in and renowned developments later on ects internationally are movement ofthis works Many 1930s. early and 1920s the in Union Soviet the in flourished which of modernism aform was architecture Constructivist 2. 1990s. the during Moscow in architecture contemporary topromote movement ofthe part were They 1992. in Skokan byAlexander founded practice private Moscow-based asuccessful, was Ostozhenka Bureau 1 Architectural fa ç ade. Photo by Yuri Palmin, 1999. byYuri Photo Palmin, ade. ce Building was commissioned to Alsop Architects in 1997. 1 – to work with us on design development and submission to to submission and development design on us with work to – ice Building, 1999 ce building of 9000sqm, which would would which of 9000sqm, building ce nitely informed the resultant e upper and lower parts of lower parts and eupper

nearby. Th e building e 2 . 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Moscow Textile Institute Moscow Krivoarbatsky Lane, Moscow. Moscow. Lane, Krivoarbatsky Novinsky Boulevard, Moscow. Boulevard, Novinsky Konstantin Melnikov, 1927-29. Moisei Ginzburg, 1928-32. Ginzburg, Moisei Narkomfin Building Melnikov House , 1938.

115 116 Pereulok showing stand-alone ‘rudder’ tower and and tower ‘rudder’ stand-alone showing Pereulok corner glazing. Photo byYuri Photo 1999. Palmin glazing. corner (opposite) View from Bolshoy Sergeevsky Bolshoy Prima Donna By Elaine Knutt, World Architecture July/August, 1999. July/August, Architecture World ground level café / dining room, 2000. room, /dining café level ground 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Trubnaya site site Trubnaya Trubnaya Off Trubnaya Boulvar Ring. Photo byYuri Photo Palmin. Ring. Boulvar Trubnaya Off Trubnaya ice Building Photo byYuriPhoto Palmin. prior to construction, toconstruction, prior Moscow, 1995. Moscow, ice Building from the the from When exhibited at Arch Moscow remember this building from my childhood my from building this remember methods and materials. and methods building local utilising whilst surroundings, and context toits reference clear had successfully realised acontemporary realised successfully had We toideal. close was project this time atthe aspirations, of practice terms In fi the wereawarded architects the 1999, in Exhibition and Architecture Annual Year of atthe the Building voted It was revolution. Trubnaya Russian areal is cornices, and towers bays, contextual executed, neatly modernist a offi as elsewhere seen be to seem would what to proportion of out seem Th city. inthe inmodernism interest ofanew start the mark it could Trubnaya is very much of the city it belongs to. McAdam and Kalininawho wrote: hope that Th it!” Well forrefurbishing done anymore. eTrubnaya Offi 3 other than the neo-classical, neo-vernacular was described suing this generalisation. this suing described was neo-vernacular neo-classical, the than other

Contemporary: this term is used in the specific context of Moscow, where anything anything where of Moscow, context specific the in used is term this Contemporary: ce block. But in the middle of Moscow’s architectural politics and its its and politics ofMoscow’s architectural middle inthe But ce block. ce Building featured in rst prize by the Russian Academy of Architecture. Academy Russian bythe prize rst

in 1999, in “ commented: elderlyvisitor an (1930s) 3 building in central Moscow, making Moscow, making central in building World Architecture World . Th ey don’t ey build them like that by Elaine Knutt, ey pride may may pride ey I 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag

117 118 Trubnaya Off Trubnaya 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Trubnaya Off Trubnaya ice Building (Alsop Architects) Ground Floor Plans Floor Ground of main foyer, 1997.of main ice Building visualisation visualisation Typical and STORE PARKING OFFICE FOYER RETAIL 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag and West Elevations West and

North, East

119 120 Larch House Larch 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag model from initial design stage. (McAdam Architects). 3D 3D Architects). (McAdam Th TheB. Larch House,2006 opened in summer. summer. in opened be could and werefully-glazed elevations courtyard south-orientated internal whilst façades, exterior wind’ tothe ‘back on the used was fenestration Minimal space. acentral around volume wrapping closed with plan, aU-shaped out as Th materials. and methods building of local parameters the within we stay that crucial it was Again, home living. for modern a providing whilst traditions and culture tolocal allude would design Our house. Russian for anew –towork approach on atypology out acontradictory we set satisfi Not they those of reminiscent houses building in French on Riviera. the and Switzerland in seen interested had cautiously becoming were clients adventurous few Aselect Western in Europe. well-travelled already was and growing, was population Moscow’s wealthy new time, the At Prospectors. Th Moscow. of north-west Th farm. collective Th family. Russian for awealthy Th time. at the completion reaching was which settlement, Sloboda Nikolskaya tothe a sequel e Larch e story behind this commission is outlined in Chapter 6, Working with the the Working with 6, Chapter in outlined is commission this behind estory e resultant design makes reference to the traditional Russian farmhouse, set set farmhouse, Russian traditional tothe reference makes design eresultant e site for this was a modest plot, in bog land, which had been part of a part been had which land, plot, bog in amodest was esite for this harsh climate. the in durability and strength its for noted was and Russia, throughout dwellings of construction for used traditionally was which aconifer is Larch 4 Siberian ed with the idea of simply importing such contemporary architecture, architecture, contemporary such importing simply of idea the with ed 4 House e brief was for a large private house with internal swimming pool pool swimming internal with house private for alarge was ebrief e site was now designated for suburban development to the development tothe for suburban now designated esite was

was commissioned to McAdam Architects in 2004. It was as as It was 2004. in Architects toMcAdam commissioned was 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag wind” and opening fa opening and wind” space, minimal fenestration to exterior “Back to “Back toexterior fenestration minimal space, Moscow Region (McAdam Architects). South- Architects). (McAdam Region Moscow facing courtyard and opening glazed fa glazed opening and courtyard facing with closed volume wrapping around central central around wrapping volume closed with Traditional Russian farmhouse Russian Traditional Photo byTanya 2006. Photo Kalinina, ç ades to summer courtyard. tosummer ades

Larch House Larch ç ades.

121 122 behind the red canopies over glased areas of the ofthe areas glased over canopies red the behind village architecture village window treatment. This was the inspiration inspiration the was This treatment. window 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Larch House Larch 3D view of summer courtyard from from courtyard ofsummer view 3D , showing brightly coloured coloured brightly , showing (McAdam Architects). (McAdam Traditional Russian Russian Traditional initial design stage. Larch House. building methods and materials. and methods building local utilising again and living for modern required standards the maintaining whilst farmhouse, Russian traditional of the principles and ideas on some of the based Region, Moscow in house acontemporary realised We successfully had toideal. close too, was project, this time atthe aspirations of practice terms In immediately then He building. the of practice. tothe project completion on similar another commissioned themselves in moved family Th country. the transforming currently is that frenzy construction Such projects homes. as comfortable and conscious environmentally this contemporary provide to adapted are essential be can heritage Russia’s how architectural demonstrated have if Kalinina and McAdam Russia’s traditions are to be preserved in publication the the Th environment. snow-covered the in feeling acontemporary give porch, entrance an and canopies red protruding Th building. of form sloping the gently Th planks. Th e developer who commissioned the Larch House liked it so much that he and his his he and it that much so liked House Larch the commissioned who edeveloper e Larch House was vaunted as Russia’s fi as vaunted was House eLarch e house is clad in a traditional Russian building material: Siberian Larch Larch Siberian material: building Russian atraditional in clad is ehouse ese are stained light grey and set in horizontal arrangement across the the across arrangement horizontal in set and grey light stained are ese Sustainable Home Home Sustainable by Cathy Strongman, who wrote: who Strongman, by Cathy is, together with occasional accents of rst sustainable home. It featured in in home. It featured sustainable rst 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag (McAdam Architects). Photo showing west “back “back west showing Photo Architects). (McAdam to wind” fa to wind” ç ade with minimal fenestration. Photo Photo fenestration. minimal with ade by Project Russia, 2006. Russia, by Project

Larch House Larch

123 124 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Ground floor plan floor Ground First floor plan floor First 5 4 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag South elevation South West elevation West Section through entrance hall entrance through Section showing living room and bedroom wing. bedroom and room living showing showing glazed courtyard area. area. courtyard glazed showing showing “back to wind” façade façade towind” “back showing with minimal fenestration. fenestration. minimal with and courtyard courtyard and

125 126 Larch House House Larch “back to wind” façade with minimal fenestration. fenestration. minimal with façade towind” “back 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag (McAdam Architects). View of west of west View Architects). (McAdam Photo by Photo Wallpaper, 2006. 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag View of north-west façade and red brick main entrance arch and porch. porch. and arch entrance main brick red and Photo by Richard Bonneville. byRichard Photo (exposed corner) (exposed

127 128 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Study, looking towards entrance. entrance. towards looking window to courtyard. Main entrance hall, entrance Main 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Swimming pool interior showing glazed Living room and raised dining area dining raised and room Living View to roof terrace, terrace, toroof View Main staircase, Photo Photo elevation tocourtyard elevation Photos by Photos

by Project Russia. by Project by Project Russia. by Project from entrance. floor study. Wallpaper. from first

129 130 Narkomzem, Agriculture, Prospekt Sakharova, Moscow. 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Le Corbusier and Nikolai Kolli, 1933. Kolli, Nikolai and Le Corbusier The Peoples Commissariat for for Commissariat Peoples The Ulitsa Myasnitskaya, Moscow. Ulitsa Tsentrosoyuz Building, Tsentrosoyuz Aleksey Shchusev, 1933. Shchusev, Aleksey signifi fl for anew proposals design toprepare developer byaFrench retail asked was practice the time this During juries on sit talks, give to shows. TV in toparticipate invited even and committees, were We organization and authorities. city the of approach the to opposed those particular, –in circle of Russia’s attentions architectural approving Following the success of the Trubnaya of the Offi success the Following C. Univermag Department Store, 2004 and the Gosplan Computing Centre (Pavlov). Centre Computing Th Gosplan the and Tsentrosoyus (Le Corbusier), Th 19C of edifi well-known wereanumber surroundings immediate its In Sakarova. Prospekt and Ring, Garden the of Moscow’s ring-road, inner Th imposition. and of scale terms in planning urban of Soviet It representative wide. 16 is point is lanes atthis Ring Garden the and architecture, visits to Paris and the set-up of a small satellite offi satellite set-up the of asmall and toParis visits Th building. Tsentrosoyuz ofthe ‘pilotis’ ofcompletion process inthe suppressed ofthe reminds columns, structural the surrounds fl ground buried the that over hanging is veil, glass its and oor Kol’tso Sadovoye the Th According to According Tsentrosoyus. element roof of on the the asimilar echoing From top fl the passer-by. atthe shimmer would which patterns metallic random and displays, Th store shoppers. of department hundreds and of cars thousands between interaction intense creating space circulation and escalators open with x35m 40 window, ahuge be would glazed, completely display there ground fl atransparent above box raised 100 closed asix-storey tobe x40m project was the of volume main the stores, department modern-day most with As neighbours. lauded its with, conversations and from, elements of similar use subtle be would e department store is a simple but elegant building: a box opening up towards up towards opening abox building: elegant but asimple is store edepartment e blank box façades were to be pixilated with a regular sequence of shop window of shop window sequence aregular with pixilated weretobe box façades eblank e design of the building was to emulate the scale and force of the location. Th location. of the force and scale the toemulate was building of the edesign e department store was designed in a frantic 12-month period, with regular regular 12-month with period, afrantic in designed store was edepartment cant architectural location in central Moscow. Th central in location architectural cant oor shop smelling of perfume. But the main façade on the Garden Ring Ring Garden on the façade main But the of perfume. oor shop smelling Project Russia Project oor of the building would protrude a panoramic café in converse, converse, in café apanoramic protrude would building oor of the in their issue ‘Aliens’ 4/2004 , featuring Univermag: ,featuring ‘Aliens’ issue 4/2004 their in agship department store. It was to be built in a most most a in built be to was It store. department agship e Peoples Commissariat for Agriculture (Shusev), for Agriculture ePeoples Commissariat ce Building, the practice gained the the gained practice the Building, ce e location is dominated by public bypublic dominated is elocation ce in London. in ce e site is at the junction junction esite atthe is ces, not least least not ces, ere ere 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Architects) Location plan showing position of Univermag ofUnivermag position showing plan Location in relation to Narcomzem, Tsentrosoyus and and Tsentrosoyus toNarcomzem, relation in Univermag Department Store Store Department Univermag

visualisation from the Garden Ring. Ring. Garden the from visualisation Gosplan buildings.Gosplan (McAdam (McAdam

131 132 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Style Moscow the in city the todevelop ordered byMayor Luzhkov been had and Th authorities. planning conservative bythe watched being also site was the time, same But atthe Ministry. Agriculture Shchusev’s and Tsentrosoyuz Corbusier’s ofLe complexes famous the between site goon to about store department new amajor has of Will Alsop’s operation, Moscow little Anglo-Russian offi store: department Univermag the including buildings, Modernist of new examples rare afew She embraces (2000–2004). period that of architecture Moscow in developments appearance) in questionable often (and thoughtful but not always of energetic, overview adetailed gives Cooke Catherine In her article ‘View from Moscow’ in the in Moscow’ from ‘View her article In Moscow. in architecture for contemporary breakthrough Th Th authorities. city bythe weresuspended works point building which after million, of $12 atacost 2004 in wereconstructed parking of underground storeys Four form. ‘uncensored’ and unobscured, pristine, intheir projects these see to achance have shall we in which way only the is this PROJECT RUSSIA: Th architects. foreign of their participation the without berealized will buildings developers, are clients the where too, cases inother for that plausible itseems then interior, the and façade the design to design Perrault’s there only is architect the that –states building forthe Dominique client –the ofCulture of Ministry realization the ofthe representative the If hope. even much leave not do House Opera Mariinsky the concerning Petersburg St in events Recent beseen. to remains form, inwhat and happen, ever will this ornot whether And architects fi no simply are there so realized, to bepublished. been yet buildings nished foreign with dealing have architects foreign by works ofthe none alternative: no was there issue, Besides, projects. this with only is it that exclusively confi felt we featuring issue that an to produce in Russia, ability our in dent coincidence no therefore is It it: behind reasons the explained Editor-in-Chief Goldhoorn, Bart issue tothe foreword Moscow.in his In work architects of foreign ‘Aliens’ tothe entitled (Chuzhie), issue dedicated 2004 Russia Project is in itself gives additional value to the publication of projects in this issue of issue inthis ofprojects publication the to value additional gives initself is e site remains empty. esite remains e project was watched carefully by the international press – as a potential apotential –as press international bythe carefully watched was eproject 5 – a form of vernacular neo-classicism. neo-classicism. of– aform vernacular materials. Thestylewas imposedinthecentre ofMoscowfrom around 1996. incorporated towers,turrets, domes 5 The Moscow Style was a form a neo-classicism or neo-vernacularism which orneo-vernacularism 5 TheMoscowStyle was aformneo-classicism ey had by now regained control on the city’s architectural program program city’s control on the architectural bynow regained had ey decided to include the Univermag Department Store to their special special Store totheir Department Univermag the toinclude decided ce of James McAdam and Tanya Kalinina, former directors directors former Tanya and McAdam Kalinina, ceofJames and arches buildingsofvarying inmulti-coloured Architectural Review Architectural In that spirit, the buoyant buoyant the In spirit, that of April 2003, 2003, April of the interests of the city authorities and the architectural establishment atlarge. establishment architectural the and authorities city of the interests the on development attracting amajor site aprominent location, in was Univermag with this project. Unlike the Trubnaya Offi diffi be could there that foreseen wehad realisation, its about optimistic wewere Moscow. in Whilst architecture for contemporary and practice, for the amajor breakthrough been have store could department Univermag the aproject, As ce Building and Th and Building ce sketch by James McAdam for initial initial for McAdam byJames sketch (McAdam Architects). Diagramatic Diagramatic Architects). (McAdam Univermag Department Store Department Univermag e Larch House, House, eLarch design stage. culties 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag metaphor for the Univermag project: maximum maximum project: Univermag the for metaphor Exposed retail display, on a street near Arsenal Arsenal near astreet on display, retail Exposed underground parking in minus 20 degrees. degrees. 20 minus in parking underground Univermag Department Store Store Department Univermag Football Club, London. This was used as a as used was This London. Club, Football Architects). Construction of four levels of levels offour Construction Architects). Photos by James McAdam. byJames Photos exposure of goods. (McAdam (McAdam

133 134 (McAdam Architects). Photo montage of building ofbuilding montage Photo Architects). (McAdam Univermag Department Store, Store, Department Univermag with protruding box café on Prospekt Sakharova Sakharova Prospekt on café box protruding with South-east elevation from across the Garden Ring, showing 35 x 40m x40m 35 showing Ring, Garden the across from & display window with exposed circulation. exposed with window display South-west elevation Univermag Department Store Store Department Univermag 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag (McAdam Architects) (McAdam window onto Garden Ring. Garden onto window showing pixelated façade façade pixelated showing showing display central Moscow Moscow central 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag Sixth (top) floor plan floor (top) Sixth Ground floor plan floor Ground showing restaurant. showing shopping floor. showing open showing

135 136 10. Trubnaya, Larch HouseandUnivermag way of clarifying and developing a manifesto or set of rules from which to practice. to which from ofrules or set a manifesto developing and ofclarifying way a useful is projects ofkey study in-depth via dynamics those understanding that and confi are We formulae being applied. diff very are buildings Th principles. guiding our double as rules Th level. Th process. design the in of steps or specifi context alocation, where buildings, We conclude that there are defi sketches. initial totheir similar (or very projects) are buildings resultant the - Store were Department Univermag and House Larch for the sketches initial the involved. werecontinuously and process design of control the full had partners the - - for the designers lead and architects as completely empowered was practice the - projects: for these tonote that interesting It also is best. does practice Th 13, Chapter in Happy (as elements described of dynamic arange introduce subtly of materials. choice and methods building of local understanding an - display context. or architectural tocultural reference /considered sensitive - make or site. location toaparticular for suitability - strive - studied: buildings three of the All contextual. fact in are projects these components atwork of in Most the Why they do diff key attributes these do have?What common projects same practice?

is could be described as an in-built manifesto or set of rules operating at a subconscious atasubconscious operating of rules or set manifesto in-built an as described be could is ese three projects are considered among the partners to most clearly represent the the represent clearly tomost partners the among considered are projects three ese Black Spot). Black 14, Chapter in hotel Th (as described Paris aregularly-frequented in made process. whole design of the Families). rough the process of research and examination, these shared, subconscious subconscious shared, these examination, and of research process the rough dent that similar formulae are at work in many established practices practices established many at work in are formulae similar dent that er inappearance andstyle, whilst erent to one another, they are all related due to the common common due tothe related all erent are toone another, they nitive formulae at work in the specifi the in work at formulae nitive e result in our case is that whilst the realized realized the whilst that is case our in result e c parameters form the basis for a series for aseries basis the form c parameters they still appear to be from the the from be to appear still they c task of designing of designing c task e in its work? what enchainments are apparent Who are the practice mentors and Soldier, Spy 11. Tinker, Tailor, 138 11. Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy The Provocateur The Alison Smithson not only design buildings, but also infl but also buildings, design not only could –one who architect roleofaserious complex ofthe understanding A basic followed. rest the participation and Smithson’s the With support provoked it into reality! basically and idea the behind motivation the challenged she instance of 1992, which in seminar Imagination fi the She was on this. action toprovoke debateand was approach Her direct decisions. urban and architectural of quality poor critic aferocious was Alison society. role architect’s in the and ethos of architectural insight aclear him gave Diploma 1991. they in time that During his completing after months for six Peter Smithson and for worked Alison McAdam renown. (1928–1993) Smithson of international Alison architect aBritish was The Provocateur1. Smithson –Alison infl of their essence below, the with Th Th Provocateur; work. Wework. identifi have of infl combination apowerful contributed have specifi of critical number a to the development journey, of the this practice. We along believe that theseHowever, peripheral mentors infl have who employers, or tutors particular effi techniques and which skills learn they practice, established of an enable safety relative the in juniors, as them to practice to‘go them it alone’. allows Working which commission aprivate winning before with some degree years, for several colleagues work alongside of Young architects practices. confiestablished more other from arise partnerships Today, architectural of new majority the enchainments are apparent in its work? Who are the practice mentors andwhat practice since the age of 25. age the We bicycle! toreinvent since the had have practice architectural own their managed practically have Kalinina and McAdam Alsop, Peter Th and Smithson, Alison with of experience spells short afew from Aside forward. carried and learned are methods and systems where practice apprenticeship alengthy completed they nor have practice, architect’s another in of time period spent asubstantial ever has Neitherpartners of the unusual. rather are Kalinina and McAdam By contrast, course. e Ambassador; Th eAmbassador; ciency. Along their journey to practice they will often have mentors – normally mentors have –normally often will they topractice journey their ciency. Along that reinvention is key to the context of bicultural practice. ofbicultural key context is tothe reinvention that 1 Reinvent the Bicycle: Russian version of phrase ‘reinvent the wheel’. Also suggesting e Enthusiast; Th eEnthusiast; e Educator. Th eEducator. ed each player using epithets for their particular roles: Th roles: particular for their epithets using player each ed eo Crosby, and a long-distance relationship with Will Will with relationship Crosby, eo along-distance and rst serious fi serious rst e Advocator; Th eAdvocator; ese individuals and roles are briefl are roles and individuals ese uence highlighted in bold: in highlighted uence uence developments in society. in developments uence gure to take an interest in the Project uenced their development and future future development and their uenced e Entertainer; Th eEntertainer; uences and enchainments to the c ‘outside’ individuals have been been have c ‘outside’ individuals e Chess Player; Player; eChess 1 y described y described dence and and dence e Barbican Centre Barbican atthe interventions on she worked small-scale time this tostudy. UK During the Kalinina workedKalinina briefl Pentagram. of Th Crosby –Theo The Enthusiast 2. Smithsons, he was one fi of the he was Smithsons, Th designed. tobe small too was or no detail subject that was time point of this learning akey Institute, solutions at any scale, as well as high quality design results. design quality high as well as scale, at any solutions Retaining passion and enthusiasm for these insights is critical in achieving good of 1992. seminar Imagination Project eo Crosby (1925–1994) was an architect, editor and writer, and co-founder (1925–1994) Crosby writer, co-founder eo and and editor architect, an was housing. Chamberlin, Powell Chamberlin, housing. and Bon. adjacent with centre, arts performing multi-functional ofLondon: City Centre, 3 Barbican Kurlansky. Mervyn and Gill Bob Grange, Kenneth Forbes, Colin Fletcher, Crosby, Alan byTheo 1972, in London in founded company design amulti-disciplinary 2 Pentagram: 3 . In contrast to what she had learned at Moscow Architectural Architectural atMoscow learned she had towhat contrast . In y for Th eo was an enthusiast in this respect, and along with the eo at Pentagram rst supporters and confi 2 in 1991 when she fi she 1991 in when rmed participants of the rst arrived in in arrived rst Ghent, November 2012. This diagram shows the the shows diagram This 2012. November Ghent, practice in the centre with mentors as specific specific as mentors with centre the in practice Mentors. McAdam architects, 11.Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy players influencing from the periphery. the from influencing players Practice Research Symposium Four, Symposium Research Practice Diagram of Peripheral Peripheral of Diagram The Enthusiast The Theo Crosby Crosby Theo

139 140 11. Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy The Chess Player Chess The Valeriy Goloverov Goloverov Valeriy Catherine Cooke Cooke Catherine The Entertainer The The Advocator The Will Alsop Alsop Will for then Alsop and Stormer and Alsop for then offi upabranch set Kalinina and McAdam that he suggested this, Following 1992. in seminar Imagination Project atthe one participants of the was Will fl noted for a architect British practicing awell-known, is Alsop William Alsop –William The Entertainer 4. opportunity. atany promote it positively and support something, ofdoing or way idea to, aparticular dedicated are and in, believe you If support. her undivided received profession the in relations British/Russian involving activities Any practice. of the life early tothe feature acontinuous was advice and Catherine’s support contacts. and coverage press status, much needed event the involvement gave and Her drive Nick Bell. and Kalinina McAdam, with along co-organiser, and advisor an She became Seminar. Imagination Catherine appeared in the practice’s life during the initiation of the Project architecture. Modernist Catherine Cooke (1942–2004) was a specialist in Russian Avant-Garde Russian in aspecialist (1942–2004) Cooke was Catherine Cooke The Advocator –Catherine 3. series of sequential moves. You need a full understanding of the parameters and and parameters the of understanding full a need You atwork (and alot ofpatience). conditions moves. sequential of series acomplicated through achieved be can goal ambitious most the even chess, in As regular a on school the at 17, Chapter taught dissertation Th and lectured McAdam’s in (as for described tutors advised, asix-monthly program now run and basis, have Kalinina and McAdam tenyears past the Over (Krasnodar). University State Kuban within Architecture mentor to McAdam over inspirational an member, Goloverov became family immediate an the being Besides years, as he observed him establish the School of father. Tanya Kalinina’s also He is Russia. University, State Krasnodar, in Kuban at &Design of Architecture Faculty atthe of School Goloverov Head Valery is Player The Chess –Valery5. Goloverov ofpractice. development and establishment Th clarity. with also fl –with clients with how tocommunicate and ideas conceptual of how topresent terms in We Will much from interference. learned little with topractice Kalinina and McAdam encouraged and supportive extremely was ambouyant approach todesign. ambouyant e entertainment of clients and colleagues is a very useful asset in the the in asset useful avery is colleagues and ofclients eentertainment (Hamburg) from 1990–2000. Stormer Jan and (London) Alsop William between partnership architectural Stormer: and 5 Alsop 1930s. the and 1900 between architecture and art waveofmodern influencial Avant Garde: 4 Russian e Rise of Kubanism). eRise 5 in 1993, where they would remain until 2001. until Will 1993, in remain would they where amboyance but amboyance 4 and and ce practice, or at least encapsulate what we would like it be! to like wewould what encapsulate or atleast practice, ofthe ethos the encapsulate components these overall, that is conjecture Our error. and by trial culture. Th infl where partnership, bicultural of the Th practice. on the infl external main ofthe overview acomprehensive mentors gives peripheral ofinfl essence the combined, when We that believe donext. to what Th practicing. been one has what analyse refl back, step to it essential is practice ofintense years many After 2011. in University atRMIT Research Practice – Design Program PhD the joined Kalinina and McAdam of this progression anatural As refl crucial Th environments. professional and social creating role architect’s in the and Research Practice about conversation ongoing Projects). Mega on Th the Bring essay McAdam’s and Prospectors the Working with 6, Chapter (as mentioned in competition Masterplan Kommunarka for member the jury and advisor as Kalinina and McAdam joined Leon 2005, In University. atRMIT Research Practice –Design Chair Innovation of Architecture, Professor is Schaik van Leon 7. van Schaik –Leon The Educator ofapractice. development the in asset useful avery is matters important ofdefi A set scene. international on the converse can and known is who architects Russian one only is of the Eugene Russia. in of architects perception the and education of architectural course the Moscow, in change architecture topromote contemporary aim his in integrity profession, he steadfast showed architectural of for the reform 1998–2001. from protagonist Agreat Kalinina and McAdam with Architects, ASK partnership, apractice established Eugene Architectural School of Moscow Rector and critic Russia’s architectural is best-known Asse Eugene Asse –Eugene The Ambassador 6. ective process and took place in London at regular six-monthly intervals. intervals. six-monthly atregular London in place took and process ective linked to the Cass School of Architecture and Design at London Metropolitan University. Metropolitan atLondon Design and ofArchitecture School Cass to the linked Moscow, in ofarchitecture school private small, (MARSH): School Architectural 6 Moscow e mentors guide the accumulation of skills, and support learning learning support and ofskills, accumulation the ementors guide ned principles, discipline, and refusal to compromise on compromise to refusal and discipline, principles, ned ese infl 6 . uences compliment and contrast with the innate nature nature innate the with contrast and compliment uences ese discussions were the beginning of a beginning werethe discussions ese is way can we begin to understand understand to webegin can way is uence is drawn from an exchange of exchange an from drawn is uence uence from each of these ofthese each from uence ect and and ect is led to an toan led is uences uences 11.Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy The Ambassador Leon van Schaik Schaik van Leon The Educator Eugene Asse

141 12. Th e Accumulation of Skills

How did the practice develop professionally to become what it is today? 144 Ghent November 2012. This diagram shows the the shows diagram This 2012. November Ghent Practice’s first closed competition. Hand drawn drawn Hand competition. closed first Practice’s Lerman House Lerman McAdam Architects. four areas of learning professional practice. professional oflearning areas four Skills. Practice Research Symposium Four, Symposium Research Practice 12. TheAccumulation ofSkills 12. perspective byTanya Kalinina. perspective .

Alsop Architects, 1993. The The 1993. Architects, Alsop The Accumulation of of Accumulation The a serious professional outfi professional a serious into grown has practice the as continued has process learning the years, the Over agenda. weekly for our structure the dictated elements four these subsequent years For many public activities. and management, business process, building the design, areas: into four process this better, wedivided any Not knowing abusiness. how torun and projects, deliver how tofi practice: professional ourselves wetaught years three nearly Over experimentation. and byintuition of skills arange We learned rapidly one. day from masters look like us made Britain in of work experience months error. Th and bytrial –tolearn way only the was butdoing that were they what knew graduates None of these practices. private no established were there and system, political the in due tochanges disarray werein institutes design state –the of action course popular especially an was this architecture In businesses. own their starting peers, their with together and of universities, out werewalking graduates nation the across and era of anew beginning the Circumstances in Russia in 1993 end. deep atthe in ourselves We were threw practice. ideally eff in was what suited ran upand weset of age at25 So years internships. to this classifi be could of scenario. which most experience, practice of total months It was offi aMoscow to opening prior fact In own. for our except practice, one in single of time period substantial 11, Chapter in Tailor, explained ‘Tinker, As Soldier, Spy’, spent a never wehave become what it istoday? How didthe practice develop professionally to 24 1993, in clocked barely Alsop wehad for Will ce t. It has become more detailed and focused as we have have we as focused and detailed more become has It t. nd work, how to e negligible 24 24 negligible e ed as studented as ect our own own our ect on Intuitive Rationale Intuitive on confi very both weare which in skills are interiors and areas, urban buildings, Designing Design everything. about something knows School Frederick’s booklet: of anote Matthew us in of information further is intense an but fascinating challenge, and always reminds Th delivery. project and communications, management, business even more specifi where level, toanother process learning this taken have base London the develop eff Recent territories. new and challenges, of work, new types new tackled results and worthy completed buildings. completed worthy and results architectural satisfactory toachieve way only the was builders, with negotiations confi and skills todevelop meetings and site visits of experience, of hours thousands error. It and took trial exhaustive through process building We the about learned process The building dissertation. this in chapters all underpin methods and approach practice’s design the concerning Details process. ongoing an is learning Th challenges. design new in engagement constant the and practice through the basics at Architecture School (or even earlier) and they were then developed dence in this area. Th area. this in dence (2007) dent. Even when we have lacked experience in a typology, we have relied relied have we typology, a in experience lacked have we when Even dent. reasoning to enable a course ofaction. acourse toenable reasoning or logic inbuilt an using immediately something tounderstand ability Rationale: 1 Intuitive : An engineer knows everything about one thing, whereas an architect architect an whereas thing, one about everything knows : Anengineer c knowledge and techniques are required in professional practice, practice, professional in required are techniques and c knowledge 1 to overcome diffi is, along with stamina, stubbornness, and relentless relentless and stubbornness, stamina, with along is, culties. It is most likely that we learned 101 Th ings I Learned in Architecture inArchitecture ILearned ings is accumulation orts to orts is (Alsop Architects). in Article 12. TheAccumulation ofSkills 12. Shepkina 4 building was occupied by Deutsche Bank. Bank. byDeutsche occupied was building Shepkina 4 (Alsop Architects). On completion, this this completion, On Architects). (Alsop ‘Eff icient Simplicity Off iceDevelopment, Moscow off Moscow development, ice Photo by Yury Palmin, 1997. byYury Palmin, Photo World Architecture: Architecture: World ’ by Sergey Sitar. bySergey

145 146 Oleg Shapiro (1996). (1996). Shapiro Oleg off for client Design and friend for building ice Moscow Pereulok, Plotnikov 12. TheAccumulation ofSkills 12. (Alsop Architects). working with very corporate organizations, such as Deutsche Bank Deutsche as such organizations, corporate very with working from came initially and aslow process, was things these in clarity Achieving effi an run and terms agree fees, calculate How tofi respect. this in absolutelynothing knowing practice the We suit. not strong is our began management business architects, many with As Business management Trubnaya Offi Trubnaya Th participation more include to expanded role this published, atlarge. media the in and realized were projects developed, practice the As of Artists. House Central atthe exhibition Moscow Arch the in participation annual and Institute Architectural atMoscow teaching fi our Kalinina, and McAdam For both Th fl asteady with involved been have partners both then, Since seminar. Imagination Th activities Public location. of regardless today, frameworks these within operates still practice the speaking, Broadly suffi will contact remote where electronic and ground on the hands trustworthy require who corporations international large, through second Russia’s the in era) and new process learning of the part been also have individuals and people (where business acquaintance social through fi –the of commissions streams discrete two developed over time has practice off got have never would practice the this without that saying Th group. client toawider experience effi Ove Arup and Partners and Arup Ove Th ow of lectures, teaching, exhibitions, conferences, judging and even TV shows. shows. TV even and judging conferences, exhibitions, teaching, ow of lectures, e development of client relationships has been key to this process. It goes without without It goes process. tothis key been has edevelopment relationships of client ese activities are indicated as a strip on the Practice Map. Practice on the astrip as indicated are activities ese Project the with inception, since activities public with involved was epractice e fi rst major breakthrough followed the success and press coverage for the for eficoverage and press the success followed major rst breakthrough rough working with these companies and their other consultants, such as as such consultants, other their and companies these with working rough cient in the delivery of services. As a result, we were able to market our our wewereable to market aresult, As of services. delivery cient the in Russia since 1993. since Russia in active group, engineering multi-disciplinary international, Partners: and Arup 4 Ove Russia. in stations petrol ‘western’ first ofthe building and activities ‘upstream’ in involved were They 1990s. the in Russia in active extremely was (BP) Petroleum 3 British 4Offentirety. in Shepkina the Development occupied ice and contingent alarge had bank The 1990s. the in Russia in active extremely was Bank: 2 Deutsche ce Building. At this time, McAdam specifi McAdam time, this At Building. ce 4 , we learned how to be professional, competent and and competent how professional, tobe , welearned rst public activities involved occasional cient offi ce for project execution. ce ce was acomplete mystery. was ce cally was invited as speaker speaker as invited was cally the ground. Th ground. the nd clients, nd clients, 2 and BP and 3 rst . e and on the recently completed Trubnaya completed Offi recently on the and Korobyina series a weekly Th Russia. and Britain both in of architecture future the concerning Embassy, British the and Architects to numerous events and debates. Th Architecture. of Museum State Scshusev ofthe director Now circles. architectural Russian if figure program ofTV presenter then Korobyina: 5 Irina 5 . Th e program focused on the life of a foreign architect in Moscow Moscow in architect of aforeign life on the focused eprogram ‘Architectural Gallery’ ‘Architectural e Practice also featured in a Russian TV documentary, in in documentary, TV aRussian in featured also ePractice ese included talks at the Union of atthe Moscow talks included ese , presented on the Culture Channel by Irina byIrina Channel Culture on the , presented ce Building. ‘Architectural Gallery’ . Important . Important of the triplets admiring the brightly-coloured new new brightly-coloured the admiring triplets of the show ‘ TV ofthe completion after Architects McAdam of associate an Tanya Mueller, Anke and Kalinina newspaper The TV show ‘ show TV The design for a family of six by Tanya Kalinina. One byTanya One ofsix afamily for Kalinina. design The pair were known as ‘the Flying Dutchman Dutchman Flying ‘the as known were pair The 12. TheAccumulation ofSkills 12. Kvartirny Vopros’ Kvartirny Diploma for Architect of the year 1996, year the of Architect for Diploma and the Flying Scotsman’ by the Moscow Moscow bythe Scotsman’ Flying the and awarded to Alsop Architects Moscow by Moscow Architects toAlsop awarded architectural community and the press. the and community architectural Central House of Artists. Article in the the in Article ofArtists. House Central ‘Kommersant Daily’ Daily’ ‘Kommersant Kvartirny Vopros’, Kvartirny McAdam Goldhoorn. and Bart First Arch Moscow 1996, Moscow Arch First 2007. the jury of Arch Moscow. Moscow. ofArch jury the , featuring James James , featuring 2007. Bathroom 2007. Bathroom bathroom. bathroom.

147 148 12. TheAccumulation ofSkills 12. Moscow Architects, 2004. Architects, Moscow of Union atthe a completion judging (right) Goldhoorn Bart and (left) McAdam James 2012. London, News, Architecture Day, World at Architecture Tanya speaking Kalinina the Union of Moscow Architects, 2004. Architects, ofMoscow Union the at a completion judging (left) Grigorian Yuri and (right) McAdam James Architecture News, London, 2012. London, News, Architecture Day, World at Architecture Tanya speaking Kalinina Vopros’ Vopros’ show – TV on the adesigner as regularly invited she was House, Larch of the coverage press and success the After nature. of asimilar was public activity Kalinina’s Institute. Architectural atMoscow adiploma unit toteach asked he was 2000-01 in and Union Architects, of of amember the Moscow tobecome invited 1999, was In McAdam Highpoint including buildings of renowned anumber realising Britain, in successful very He was 1930s. early the from London in worked and lived who émigré aRussian was Lubetkin work of the architect, Berthold Lubetkin Berthold architect, the of work and life the biography of ficontents of the historical a with director the assisted and lm on the consulted McAdam and Kalinina both documentary, the in starring as well As Architect Th Russia. fiin for documentary exemplar an as nowlmmaking used is and audience international Th of Russia. architects tothe unknown World Architecture News World Architecture for Jury Awards the of member regular a is Kalinina and Singapore) (Barcelona, Festival Th lectures. and talks give and awards, and competitions judge atconferences, tospeak invited regularly of documentary fi Payne Mike friend, and of documentary journalist lmmaker, of tenfi aseries toproduce was which entitled lms, Russians living in about Britain. documentary aTV role in asubstantial totake invited was Th Kalinina 2005, In engagements. media involvement other in for Kalinina’s requests Th television. on designs about talk how and topresent moment understanding in important an was people who were for very grateful the design implemented. Furthermore, the experience and families for struggling of apartments refurbishment involve the it normally would as e scale of public activities has expanded for both partners in recent years. Th years. recent in partners for both expanded has of public activities escale (Russia’s version of Britain’s , was fi lmed in London and featured the lives of three Russian architects. architects. Russian fi three , was of lives the Londonand featured in lmed 9 and the Penguin Pool at London Zoo. Sadly, even today Lubetkin is virtually virtually is Lubetkin Pool Sadly, today even Zoo. atLondon Penguin the and e shows were a huge success, repeated several times, and resulted in multiple in resulted and times, several repeated success, wereahuge eshows an annual awards programme. runs which feed news architectural online News: Architecture World 10 Lubetkin. byBerthold London Highgate, in realized project housing 9 Highpoint: 1930s. the in Britain in architect arenowned was who émigré Russian Lubetkin: 8 Berthold 1994-1997. Moscow in Editorial ofReuters maker. Head film documentary and journalist 7 Mike Payne: 6 Changing Rooms ey are often invited to consult, judge and speak at the World Architecture World atthe Architecture speak and judge toconsult, invited often are ey 10 . : weekly TV show for interior design and DIY to living rooms. rooms. toliving DIY and design interior for show TV : weekly is was for the English language channel of Russia Today, of Russia channel language English for the was is ‘Changing Rooms’ ‘Changing efi an to occasions on shown numerous was lm 8 . Th is gave the documentary contextual depth. depth. contextual documentary the gave is Th ) 6 e Chosen Ones . Th is experience very rewarding was 7 . One of the fi. One of the lms, , under the direction direction the , under ‘Kvartirny ‘Kvartirny ey are Th e 12. TheAccumulation ofSkills 12.

149 150 Moscow Architectural School. Includes Rector, Rector, Includes School. Architectural Moscow Eugene Asse (centre, with scarf) and James James and scarf) (centre, with Asse Eugene Students and staff 12. TheAccumulation ofSkills 12. on the opening day of of day opening the on McAdam (to right). McAdam his developments of the new Architectural School in Krasnodar in School Architectural new ofdevelopments the involvement with architectural education. acontinuing have Together, Kalinina and McAdam both public activities, they these haveAlongside consulted on the Kalinina is presently an external examiner at the University of East London of East University atthe examiner external an presently is Kalinina University. atLondon Metropolitan of Architecture, School Cass the with communications assisted and course of the structure on the he where advised (MARSH), Architecture of School Moscow new of the establishment the in involved was McAdam for tutors. there development programme a professional activities. development, continue and they to be today used a method as of understanding confi It also of self-learning. process arduous tothe related weredirectly practice the Th research. moment our in Ghent, November in 2012. Th Th 11 Part of Kuban State University, Krasnodar. University, State ofKuban 11 Part e Accumulation of Skills was discussed at Practice Research Symposium Four, Symposium Research atPractice discussed was of Skills eAccumulation is understanding highlighted to us that the struggles experienced in developing developing in experienced struggles the that tous highlighted understanding is rmed that the four groups of skills identifi skills of groups four the that rmed e understanding of this process was an important important an was process of this eunderstanding ed are fundamental to the practice’s practice’s tothe fundamental are ed 11 , and jointly supervise supervise jointly , and 21 . in the practice’s work? architectural components What are the prevalent 13. Happy Families 152 13. Happy Families • Organic • Organic forms • Spirals • Urban mega-blocks • Pixilated facades • Cylindrical forms • Interlocking boxes Leon van Schaik with phenomenon, arrangement of workshop this in To understanding adeeper gain of work. acoherent form body they whereby asymbiosis, have projects the photographs of aset as together viewed when yet dominant, immediately is form, or material functions, sizes, budgetsconsultations. Th and programmes. and of initiatives anumber and 50competitions atleast projects, realized 20 No particular Th works. 150 of more than architectural portfolio a substantial practice style, accumulated have Kalinina and McAdam use of practice, years of 20 course the In of diff strikingly seem 2011,Ghent, April can of works body the noted that it where was One, Symposium 1, Map atPractice of Practice areview following generated was Th components in the practice’s work? What are the prevalent architectural medium, we realised that the works are easily divided into ‘Happy Families’ divided easily are works the that werealised medium, this through works the Examining basis. annual on an practice bythe printed are and calendars updesktop make which cards project printed weused purpose For this designs. the in traits or elements particular recurring through groups the Each ‘family’ has dominant elements in form and appearance from the following: the from appearance and form in elements dominant has ‘family’ Each is chapter describes an analytical study of the practice’s body of work. Th of work. practice’s body of the study analytical an describes chapter is erent in appearance and form. and erent appearance in from a mixed pack ofcards. pack amixed from professions or ofanimals families collect players the where game card Families: 2 Happy at RMIT University. Research Practice Chair, Design Innovative ofArchitecture, Professor Schaik: van 1 Leon e body of work is multifarious and covers a wide range of typologies, of typologies, range awide covers and multifarious of work is ebody 1 , we grouped our works into visually similar projects, identifying identifying projects, similar into visually works our , wegrouped is includes over is study 2 . Interlocking boxes Interlocking Pixilated facades Pixilated Cylindrical forms Cylindrical

McAdam Architects. Architects. McAdam Practice Research Symposium Two, Symposium Research Practice 13. Happy Families Ghent, November 2011. Happy Families. Families. Happy

153 154 Oslo Opera House. House. Opera Oslo Oslo Opera House. House. Opera Oslo 13. Happy Families form for competition entry (2000). entry competition for form Image depicting organic organic depicting Image McAdam Architects. McAdam Architects. Oslo Docks (2000). Docks Oslo Aeriel view ofthe view Aeriel Th or approach. abrief, location in dominant is statement or symbolic shape where evident in the practice’s residential work. A good example of this is House 20 House is of this example Agood work. residential practice’s the in evident particularly are and family largest the are boxes Interlocking apparent. becomes When the Th Variety’. behind notion of ‘Continuity Tom similar the about Holbrook talked fi at his later, out that, pointing It worth is practice. –the family of one extended part diff are of works how question, the the open left still However, this operation. werein forms and elements architectural which understanding and works the of grouping terms in Th 2011. November in Ghent, Th Building Department StoreDepartment in the practice’s larger commercial and public buildings, such the as Univermag prevalent former is the heavily: feature also forms cylindrical and façades Pixilated of diff volumes four where more detailed investigations. more detailed diff wepursued purpose For this works. project varying move across or combine may pressures or external techniques, design ofelements, multitude how a not reveal did elements contained static, as traits these viewing that in e results of this exercise were discussed at Practice Research Symposium Two, Symposium Research atPractice werediscussed exercise of this eresults is can be seen at work in the competition for the Oslo Opera House Opera Oslo for the competition the atwork in seen be can is ough informative, the informative, ough nal examination for the Practice Research program (Ghent, 2014) April program Research Practice for the examination nal 5 . Occasional rogue families are apparent in organic forms and spirals, spirals, and forms organic in apparent are families rogue . Occasional ‘ 6 Oslo Opera House: McAdam Architects project for international competition, in 2000. in competition, international for project Architects McAdam House: Opera 6 Oslo Architects), 1996-1999. (Alsop Kalinina and McAdam 5 Trubnaya: by offdesigned Moscow central in building ice 2002-2004. Moscow, central in store department for project Architects McAdam 4 Univermag: 2005-2007. Region, Moscow byTanya in Kalinina designed house private for project Architects McAdam 20: 3 House Happy Families’ are viewed as separate groups, a coherent design approach approach acoherent groups, design separate as viewed are Happy Families’ 4 and the latter in free-standing objects, e.g. the Trubnaya e.g.the Offi objects, free-standing in latter the and

erent material interlock to form a single composition. composition. asingle toform interlock erent material ‘Happy Families’ ‘Happy ere, it was noted that this exercise was enlightening enlightening was exercise this noted that it ere, was

exercise was essentially reductive, reductive, essentially was exercise erent and yet yet erent and erent and 6 . ce

3 , 13. Happy Families

155 14. Th e Black Spot

What is the essence of the design process? 158 14. TheBlackSpot of activity. Th episode. Th forlast fi Th discussions. question-and-answer topragmatic arguments and discourse Th partners. the between conversations with begin topics All how wework. and tous important is –what of practice To elaborate on this collaboration, skills. complementary it our tooptimise us between isoperates important process arelay to this, Supplementing pathways. design understand individual and distinctive the processes topursue other the empowers partner each which in threshold, atthe positioned process licensing adynamic with values, and traits of common acore diff is these many have we individuals, Th culture. of local asense with specifi with knowledge We cross-cultural combine range. can atclose able tofocusin being as well as adistance, from view and back tostand able of being luxury the us It gives –Conversations. partners the between opinions and ideas, information, Th years. for one many entity as diff from individuals two where of biculturalism, amicrocosm as way, practice the this In practice. in partners of the customs and attitudes cultural the combining – notion on of biculturalism the directly based is of collaboration process Our 2012 2013. April from toApril developed over Practice Th Schaik. van Leon supervisor, our from questioning Research Symposiums Th workings through a series of intense internal conversations, with regular input and these We place. investigated takes design that which in spaces the and we design, Th What isthe essenceof the design process? on a project-by-project basis, where relationships with partners (clients, consultants, (clients, consultants, partners with on aproject-by-project relationships where basis, on specifi focused is others with Collaboration practice. of the base the form which programs and initiatives with forward move and ahead toplan us allows momentum own our Instead, commission. of a sense traditional the in tohappen for something towait need the alleviates Th partners. the between discourse into further back feed sub-conversations these turn, In colleagues. and partners, mentors, advisors, Th problem-solving. everyday and practice, e key to articulating this exchange is the interaction between the partners. As As partners. the between interaction the is exchange this toarticulating ekey ere is a self-perpetuating cycle of development at all levels. Th levels. of development atall cycle aself-perpetuating ereis is essay looks directly at the workings of the practice – how it operates, how –how it operates, practice of the workings atthe directly looks essay is erent cultures have learned alongside and adapted to each other, and practiced other, practiced and toeach adapted and alongside learned have erent cultures cs of a location or context, achieving an international architecture infused infused architecture international an achieving or context, of alocation cs ve minutes or two hours and can yield immediate result or require a repeat arepeat or require result immediate yield can and hours or two ve minutes is hub of conversations between the partners produces multiple off produces partners the between hub is of conversations ese ese off -shoots (or sub-conversations) concern ideas, initiatives, future future initiatives, ideas, (or concern -shoots sub-conversations) erent and opposing characteristics. But underpinning But underpinning characteristics. opposing erent and is format works througha continuous exchange of of exchange continuous througha works format is ese conversations range from high-energy high-energy from range conversations ese ey oftenengage input from others – input others from oftenengage ey c activities. Th ree, Four and Five, in Ghent Five, in and Four ree, is conversational process is usually is arranged is is arranged usually is mechanism -shoots -shoots ey can and specifi formulae where design a practice is this chapters, previous the in described As interaction. longstanding and on apersonal based is this as hub, conversation central tothe access full not allow does core bicultural partner of practice there have only In reality, or been such two instances. three the two- years 20 Over individual. a particular with of collaborating years and on trust Th practice. the within topractice license limited given are they where architect, or senior of position associate years,reachinga for many practice the within remained have colleagues of Some these basis. on other adaily each with interacting and partners the with directly working members all with or structure, hierarchy particular specifi for their engaged who are colleagues, of group of aclose centre atthe partners way, two the with this in works also Th involved. for those atmosphere incentivised and acreative foster specifi are architects) other key to a success or failure in terms of architectural results. of architectural terms in is or failure It toasuccess key concept. or idea it the holds as Spot, main Black the as idea main tothis development, werefer During original any of partners. practice bythe undertaken action protection architectural crucial the most the possibly ensure to is system this of Th practice. the atwork within system’ ‘security but sophisticated asubconscious is there that we believe situations, these in control To creative retain forces experienced) more (and external that danger a infl powerful wield may always is there situation, this c practice methods are intuitively rather than consciously defi consciously than rather intuitively are methods c practice ere is no formula or stage process in this licensing – it is simply based –it simply based is licensing this in process or stage no formula ereis uence on project development.uence cally developed in joint venture format. Th format. joint venture in developed cally c skillsets and desires. Th desires. and c skillsets e primary function function eprimary e actual practice practice e actual is generally ere is no ereis ned. In In ned. Kalinina and McAdam. McAdam. and Kalinina and notes depicting ongoing research process. research ongoing depicting notes and Research Symposiums Three and Four, Ghent, Four, Ghent, and Three Symposiums Research April 2012, November 2012. Series of sketches ofsketches Series 2012. November 2012, April 14. TheBlackSpot Conversations . Practice . Practice

159 160 possible negative influence of a range ofarange influence negative possible McAdam Architects. Architects. McAdam showing the Black Spot at the centre, centre, atthe Spot Black the showing with protective line of resistance, and and ofresistance, line protective with Practice Research Symposium Four, Symposium Research Practice Ghent, November 2012. Diagram Diagram 2012. November Ghent, 14. TheBlackSpot of external forces. of external The Black Spot. Spot. Black The attention. maximum given be must so and toattack, susceptible and it fragile is state this In projects. move between even can and time and space in –it travels static never is Th complications. fewer has process building the role, as monitoring toasensible reduced be can policing the for construction, basis legal is there approved project is But and once the architects. other even and developers, rival conservationists, authorities, city the the status of the practice in the project. It will also vary at diff at House Larch the vary such dwelling, of aprivate development stage also will It project. design the in the requires Spot Black the of protection amount in the For example, practice the of status the and of people involved, number the forces, toexternal susceptibility its project, Th approach. aconscientious who supports authority or someone in engineer imaginative an client, –adiscerning involved characters of circle wider the input elicit from wewill Occasionally, ring. this within stay normally will team consultant and colleagues close our nudge, occasional the from Apart project. on depend the will Spot Black the and ring-fence this between defi acarefully set will Th diffi technical and consultants rogue pressures, economic interference, political bodies, client authorities, planning –for example, of sources number any from arise can it tofl allow and infl external negative it from –to protect Spot Black of the Th both partners. by supported or concept, idea aprincipal it becomes until adjusted subtly is essence other, the this with consultation After isolation. in working partners, practice Th Department StoreDepartment Univermag the as such centre, acity project in building anew hand, other On the result. quality ahigh toachieve construction during required is that detail and of coordination level due tothe increases, often policing this process building the However, during consultants. and colleagues of trustworthy ahandful and client adiscerning with todealing limited be e process of protection could be described as ‘architectural policing’. Th ‘architectural as described be could of protection eprocess e Black Spot changes, evolves and mutates throughout the process. For us, it For us, process. the throughout mutates and evolves changes, Spot eBlack e level and complexity of protection required will depend on the particular particular on depend the will required of protection complexity and elevel e Black Spot is the essence of a project. It normally originates from one from of the originates It of aproject. normally essence the is Spot eBlack culties. Th 2 Described in Chapter 10, Trubnaya, Larch House, Univermag. Trubnaya,House, 10, Larch Chapter in 2 Described Univermag. Trubnaya,House, 10, Larch Chapter in 1 Described ese forces conspire to distort the original idea. original the todistort conspire forces ese ourish through positive forces and developments. Negative forces forces Negative developments. and forces positive through ourish e partners’ role throughout a project is to maintain the integrity integrity the tomaintain aproject is role throughout e partners’ 2 , will be subject to attack from the early stages of design from from of design stages early the from toattack subject be , will ned ned ‘fi eld of resistance’ around the Black Spot. Th Spot. Black the around ofeld resistance’ uences and irritants, irritants, and uences erent project stages. 1 , will normally e distance e partners overlays. Th overlays. on solutions subsequent workable and into more satisfactory develop they –as time over re-drawn and drawn are paper. Plans of multiple tracing layers uses Kalinina form. this in of practice of over years arecord 20 now has and childhood, in sketchbooks touse taught He review. was for development or future sketchbook the into mind the from move directly –they unworked but and raw clear are sketches and Notes asketchbook. in or thought idea every draws and writes McAdam diff development its are and conception of idea methods the as level atapractical important also is sequence of aform telepathy. as relay But the exists point it where tothe almost of years, over anumber subconsciously developed has sequence relay the that we believe Onrefl activities. butof everyday anumber process design not the only Th period of time. over ashort of a‘relay forth and sequence’, back part become where it handed is Th process. this pollute to allowed are desires or egotistic preferences debate.No stylistic little and reasoning logical with open process, and amutual then is aconsensus other. Reaching in isolation, one of the partners will generate an idea andTh then consult with the How doesthe design process take place? e Black Spot almost always originates from either McAdam or Kalinina. Normally Normally Kalinina. or McAdam either from originates always almost Spot Black e e relay sequence is asignifi is sequence erelay is is a logical trait as it follows the way that Russian architects have been been have architects Russian that way the it follows as trait alogical is is used to in multiple layers for drawing drawing for layers multiple toin used Kalinina’s layers of tracing paper: paper: tracing of layers Kalinina’s and re-drawing ideas and concepts. and ideas re-drawing and e idea is then either developed by the originator, or will or originator, will bythe developed either then is eidea erent for both partners. erent partners. for both cant component in the life of the practice and spans spans and practice of the component life the in cant ection record ideas, sketches and notes over over notes and sketches ideas, record McAdam’s sketchbooks: the 20 years ofpractice. years 20 the used to used 14. TheBlackSpot

161 162 14. TheBlackSpot Hotel Aramis in Paris, where ideas for for ideas where Paris, in Aramis Hotel Larch House and Univermag were were Univermag and House Larch Kitchen at McAdam and Kalinina’s Kalinina’s and atMcAdam Kitchen house in North London. North in house conceived. Kalinina’s apartment in Kitay Gorod Gorod Kitay in apartment Kalinina’s View from kitchen at McAdam and and atMcAdam kitchen from View McAdam Architects’ studio in Red Red in studio Architects’ McAdam (China Town), Moscow. Central October, central Moscow. central October, to the original designs proposed. proposed. designs original to the identical almost is building resultant the where Krasnodar, in Holy Rosary the and of St Barbara Church the is process this epitomizes project which One particular element. avital is Spot Black the projects, of built anumber and stream, competitions the in works for most not But apre-requisite. –is Spot –aBlack idea creative all-consuming an where advice, technical solutions and pragmatic analysis, straightforward it involves Much of vein. this in described be work practice’s can of the not all Obviously Spot. Black of the origination for the crucible Yet perfect the it was views. backstreet Th Store wereconceived. Department Univermag the and House Larch the for both ideas initial where Paris, on practice development. For example, discussions for key and process avenue for this become have Th locations surprising Some studio. into the released being before times, several locations isolated same tothe return will Spot Black the project, of the complexity and level on the Depending locations. such in best progress also concepts and ideas these Subsequent development alone. of and environment, familiar atotally in usually time, uninterrupted one able tospend when is productively most place takes Spot phenomenon, confi this wecan studied Having or aeroplane. on atrain hotel room, abasic in table, kitchen – at the places uninspiring completely or in fi any needs process the transit in not that tosay occur to tends It location. xed Th frequent. too all are byothers interruptions and meetings, e-mails, calls, Th Th Where doesthe design process take place? byone partners. of the basis monitored on adaily still Th intact. idea of the essence the with concept architectural into an developed be From safely herestudio. it can the in or project architect associate on toatrusted passed is material integrity, the satisfi are partners the and fully-conceived is Spot Black the When kitchen’. the from heard be could paper of tracing when ‘the rustle USSR, the in Made 1960s. the Th since taught is process very rarely takes place in the offi the in place takes rarely very process is isolation. in place takes normally Spot Black of the origination is is hotel is a most uninspiring place, with basic rooms and and rooms basic with place, uninspiring amost hotel is is is is described in Chapter 4, on Kalinina’s childhood, is shaping and development of the Black Spot is is Spot Black development of the and shaping is e Hotel Aramis on Rue de Rennes in in on deRennes Rue eHotel Aramis ce, where the distraction of phone distraction the where ce, rm that the origin of the Black ed with its is is 14. TheBlackSpot McAdam Architects Moscow team, 2007. team, Moscow .

163 164 hall (top), low central entrance passage (top), passage hall entrance central low Double-height, semi-circular entrance entrance semi-circular Double-height, Initial sketches of interior spaces,1997. spaces,1997. ofinterior sketches Initial The Church of St Barbara and the the and Barbara St of Church The Holy Rosary 14. TheBlackSpot (McAdam Architects). Architects). (McAdam to nave (above).to nave priest Father Andrzej To of Russia. south Moravski eff the in Krasnodar, in church own its approached Valeryof Goloverov an Armenian Catholic Community which desired, more than anything, to haveTh The Church of StBarbara &the Holy Rosary a gentle shaft of light tofl of light shaft a gentle tower allowed bell of the base the formed which niche the altar, the behind apse the In events. on and ceremony –depending sideaisles tothe perimeter the around or passage alow central through either was nave tothe Entry loft. up toachoir leading side, either stairs open with hall entrance a double semi-circular height, onto light cast window, which across-shaped tobe was entrance the Above glazing. Elevations were to be white-painted altar. the behind apse the in aniche toform building the render through down continued with occasional horizontal and plan in ellipse of bands an half was belltower the church, of the centre of the At rear. atthe block residential lower level the with volume, of the thirds two occupying Th tohold on toit. determined he was capabilities, building and budget about despite concerns and concept, this when presented ecstatic was Moravski Father altar. of the backdrop the against to play of light ashaft allow would which belltower acentral and conditions, lighting atmospheric tocreate of fenestration slots simple – a clean, white, boat-shaped volume fl Th proposal. design initial an of preparing task about the set Kalinina and brief, McAdam of the review and site visit initial an Following visitors. occasional and priest local for the residence amodest be would church the Adjoining area. apse raised lobby, usual belltower, and entrance loft choir a congregation, 800-strong for an seating with hall church amain tohave was city. of the It edge on the lake toasmall next church atraditional tobe It was Catholic church. fi and plot land suitable a locating e boat-shaped space extended back as a simple rectangle, the actual church church actual the asimple rectangle, as back extended space eboat-shaped is was a rather unusual commission. It materialized from the unrelenting eff unrelenting the from It materialized commission. unusual arather was is for architectural and planning control. Also known as The Chess Player, see Chapter 11. 11. Chapter Player, see Chess The as known Also control. planning and architectural for responsible ofKrasnodar, Architect City Chief Then father. Kalinina’s Goloverov: 3 Valery ood in from the glazing above. glazing the from in ood nding an architect who knew how to design a how todesign knew who architect an nding oating towards the lake, with narrow narrow with lake, the towards oating e idea was very clear and and clear very was eidea ect this plan, the local local the plan, this ect 3 for assistance in orts orts Initial model of concept, presented to presented ofconcept, model Initial the general mass of the building with with building ofthe mass general the The Church of St Barbara and the the and Barbara St of Church The the Papal Envoy in 1997. This shows Envoy 1997. in Papal shows the This Holy Rosary 14. TheBlackSpot central half-elliptical belltower. half-elliptical central (McAdam Architects). Architects). (McAdam

165 166 Feature article in in article Feature The Church of St Barbara and the the and Barbara St of Church The Holy Rosary 14. TheBlackSpot Project Russia Project (McAdam Architects). Architects). (McAdam Religion, 2001. Religion, no. 22 – 22 no. hands-on role in the construction process. McAdam and Kalinina made occasional occasional made Kalinina and McAdam process. construction the in role hands-on a took tobuilding connected remotely wereeven who people local all and Any community. bythe self-generated was Finance materials. local of sourcing and process approval the with assisted architects Local community. Catholic local bythe built was church the followed, 18 the that Over months involved. Community Goloverov, Valery Catholic the and Architect City Chief the Moravski, Father priest Envoy, Papal of the local protection the and support full Th Moscow.in Envoy, Papal Embassy to the (Vatican) Holy at the See John Bukovsky, Father Th e next step was for McAdam and Kalinina to present the architectural concept concept architectural topresent the Kalinina and for McAdam was step enext ere had been no major deviations from the original ideas, which now had the the now had which ideas, original the from no deviations major been erehad It featured in featured It November 1999.in Th inexperience. and limitations by technical specifi pipes with decorative hoppers were installed to pipes the rainwater zinc elevations shiny external rather drawings; on the than amistake tobe the believed internalwas it as symmetry given was glazing of horizontal arrangement asymmetric random scaff the because short too metres six wereimplemented was on-site: belltower the details some questionable eff all made team building Th designs. original our with accordance in exactly almost – was fi the Overall slots. position of glazing the and steps entrance the of shape the as such decisions, design approved important where they site visits and creative professions. professions. creative and could be used as a prompt for understanding the inner workings of other practices posed questions the that believe and enlightening discoveries We these found partners. by the monitored still Spot is Black the for development, studio the to release after that ofisolation; locations in developed Spot is Black the that fashion; ‘relay’ a in working partners both Spot involves Black ofthe inception Th the that Spot; Spot. Black the as Black ofthe guardians sole the this weare that to ofrevelations: anumber we had referred have We essence. or Th partners. bythe engaged methods operating the particular in and works process practice of how the From introspective this of part the research we gained a better understanding skills. construction and limitations bytechnical diluted minimally only and involved, bythose protected and supported fully project, –acommunity Spot Black of the purity of the realization It a is proposed. concept and idea original of the representation aliteral almost signifi the Spot, Black of the context the Within e Church of St Barbara and the Holy Rosary was inaugurated by Father Bukovsky Bukovsky byFather inaugurated was Holy the Rosary and of St Barbara eChurch e main subject of this process is the conception and protection of a project idea idea ofaproject protection and conception the is process ofthis subject emain ed. Although this was frustrating, these deviations were simply caused caused simply were deviations these frustrating, was this Although ed. nished building – volume, appearance and spatial qualities included included qualities spatial and appearance –volume, building nished Project Russia Project olding used was unstable at the required height; the the height; required atthe unstable was used olding orts to achieve this. However, as is often the case, case, the often However, is as this. toachieve orts no. 22 ‘Religion’ in 2001. in no. ‘Religion’ 22 cance of project this is that it is rough this investigation investigation this rough e community 14. TheBlackSpot

167 168 and the Holy Rosary Holy the and 14. TheBlackSpot The Church of St Barbara St of Church The Architects). (McAdam (McAdam Side elevation section Long Ground plan floor glazing to belltower all visible. Photo by Photo visible. all tobelltower glazing Bukovsky, local priest Father Moravski, Moravski, Father priest local Bukovsky, Interior view from choir loft. Altar with with Altar loft. choir from view Interior Main entrance doors, high-level cross cross high-level doors, entrance Main illuminate the Apse behind. Seated to Seated behind. Apse the illuminate Completed building from across lake. lake. across from building Completed Day of Inauguration, November 1999. 1999. November ofInauguration, Day and three regional representatives of representatives regional three and right of Altar are Papal Envoy Father Envoy Father Papal are ofAltar right window, horizontal glazing slots and and slots glazing horizontal window, The Church of St Barbara and the the and Barbara St of Church The The Church of St Barbara and the the and Barbara St of Church The Holy Rosary Holy Rosary shaft of light shining from above to above from shining oflight shaft 14. TheBlackSpot (McAdam Architects). Architects). (McAdam James McAdam, 1999. McAdam, James (McAdam Architects). Architects). (McAdam the Catholic Church. Catholic the

169 15. Th e Art of Elasticity

What does the body of work comprise and what are the reasons behind it? 172 15. TheArtofElasticity project and building typologies. building and project Th of demands. range toawide respond and research, toadapt, We ability the developed practice. of the condition normal the became this over time challenges: of design set anew bring would month Each it. about knew who bythose used tobe only – it was itself to the highway, for fear of being targeted It not point. by advertise would the access criminal guarded asingle aspect have and wall, of high societymetre bya4 surrounded be would station brief, service except…the Afamiliar to eat. something and for arest journey their break drivers car and highway, truck where station’. Th service motorway security a‘high 1994, todesign In wewereasked werequite unusual. some of which commissions, and requests with bombarded was practice the From inception, its beginning. the in experience of practical lack relative and youth for our compensated more than advantages circumstantial the practice boldly established methods, working and culture itself of language, understanding asTogether an an with organization with ‘know-how’. process. design building the in required specialists of the many with Th contacts and fi the in experienced considered was practice the Britain, in origins professional toits Due specialization. than rather required were skills broad-based where beginning, just was moment era at the anew when Th of acity. expansion the even and centre, expo and sqm trading toa6million apartment, two-bedroom and pavilion pool a small strategies. Th development and consultation, planning urban houses, private facilities, sports centres, retail stations, petrol buildings, public blocks, residential complexes, use offi included: of work body has the of practice years 20 the Over technique. that there is no particular specialization apparent It immediately is viewed. projects and buildings of the in nature a buildingmultifarious typology or architectural the is factors striking one most of the of work body enmasse, atthe looking When diverse. was of works scale and type the that 1, Map noted where it was of Practice areview via generated been a whole. It has Th are the reasons behind it? What doesthe body of work comprise andwhat is diversity is a key consequence of working in Russia (an emerging market), market), (an emerging Russia in of working consequence akey is diversity is is is one of a series of chapters of series a of one is is Chapter 12, ‘The Accumulation of Skills’ and Chapter 13, ‘Happy Families.’ Families.’ ‘Happy 13, Chapter and ofSkills’ Accumulation ‘The 12, Chapter Map’, Practice ‘The 8, Chapter ofwork: body practice’s the on reflecting 1 Chapters ese project and building types also vary widely in size and scale – from –from scale and size in widely vary also types building and project ese e client’s request was to design a facility on the main main on the afacility todesign eclient’s was request 1 which refl which ects on the practice’s body of work as as work of body practice’s the on ects is in turn led to more expansion in eld – we had access to information toinformation access –we had eld ce buildings, mixed- ese Domodedovo Airport. Concept for new new for Concept Airport. Domodedovo Exoil. Design for series of petrol ofpetrol series for Design Exoil. stations, 1999 (Ask Architects). (Ask 1999 stations, passenger air terminal, 1998 terminal, air passenger (Alsop Architects). international film festival to be held in Dvortsovaya Ploschad, St St Ploschad, Dvortsovaya in held tobe festival film international Golden Angel Film Festival. Design of temporary facility for for facility oftemporary Design Festival. Film Angel Golden Petersburg, 2006 (McAdam Architects). (McAdam 2006 Petersburg, for new stadium and sports complex, complex, sports and stadium new for Salekhard Hockey Stadium. Concept Siberia, 2011 (McAdam Architects). (McAdam 2011 Siberia, 15. TheArtofElasticity

173 174 15. TheArtofElasticity the advice and input of a friend and colleague, Mark Fisher Mark colleague, and input of afriend and advice the on draw the to able be to We fortunate were logistics. complex and events moving fast of spheres into the architecture from away focus it diverted as research, and of adaptability terms project in Th fi international for an structures lm festival. temporary and church, complex, aCatholic sports and stadium ahockey terminal, air passenger for a major designs completed essay, also wehave of this beginning mentioned atthe typologies of list basic the from Apart practice’s work. of the feature aperpetual been has Elasticity Ploschad in aspecifi in ofconditions byaset but one formed trait, acommon is this We that donot believe situations. of a variety to attentions its turn quickly to practice the allows respond and research adapt, to ability the where ofinterest, point key the is Elasticity that wesurmise experiences, own ofTom’s light In our accurate. and words, and astute both observations We these considered environment. built for the of visions purveyor as roles toone profession of original its the toreturn re-imagined be should architect rolehow of the the UK.” inthe projects infrastructural and initiatives inlarge-scale interests than Specialists, and that they that fact tothe He alluded varied. and diverse as practice own his for the Practice Research program, Ghent in April 2014, Ghent April in program, Tom Research Holbrook Practice for the has been discussed on numerous levels throughout the research process. At his fi his At process. research the throughout levels numerous on discussed been has these fi 2011, where this quality was labeled ‘Elasticity’ by Kate Heron byKate ‘Elasticity’ labeled 2011, was quality this where Th tasks. design of varying Th work. our to attribute adesirable became it also anecessity, initially was diversity and range this While Th pronounced: Th notwould approve location. the e fi is idea of this Elasticity has much in common with the notion of the role of the ‘Generalist’. Th ‘Generalist’. the of role the of notion the with common in much has Elasticity this of idea is is subject was discussed at length at Practice Research Symposium Two, Symposium Research Ghent, November atPractice atlength discussed was subject is lm festival, planned to be directed by Andrey Konchalovsky Andrey by directed be to planned festival, lm elds. Th 4 , the main square in front of the Hermitage front of in the square main , the c environment. c environment. e practice built a reputation for being highly capable, and able to tackle a multitude amultitude able totackle and capable, highly areputation for being built epractice “beer-swilling fi “beer-swilling e design was completed in 2005, but the event was suspended as the city authorities authorities city the as suspended event was but 2005, the in completed was edesign program, RMIT University. Research ofPractice Candidate of5thStudio. Director architect, practicing 7 Tom Holbrook: 1992. in Imagination Project at Participant bands. rock large for design set stage for well-known architect British Fisher: 6 Mark Petersburg. St Museum, Art State Russian 5 Hermitage: shot. were Revolution of1917 images and film infamous where Location Petersburg. St in ofHermitage front in square –main Ploschad 4 Dvortsovaya Russia. in figure cultural and political Important 1990s. the in toRussia returning before Hollywood in worked who producer, and director film Russian-American Konchalovsky: 3 Andrey 2011–present. Barcelona, Ghent, Symposia, Research Practice member, Panel London. ofWestminster, University ofArchitecture, Department ofthe Head and Professor 2 KateHeron: as Generalists it was diffi itwas Generalists as lmgoers should not be allowed to party in the living room of St Petersburg!” ofSt room living inthe party to beallowed not should lmgoers e director of the Hermitage, Mikhail Piotrovsky emotionally emotionally Piotrovsky Mikhail Hermitage, of the edirector cult for [our] practice to progress with its main main its with progress to for[our] cult practice 5 . For the practice, it was a most extreme extreme amost it was practice, . For the 6 , who had unprecedented experience in in experience unprecedented , who had 3 2 , was to be held on Dvortsovaya held on tobe Dvortsovaya , was . He went on to discuss “were Generalists rather “were 7 described the work of the described nal nal examination is architectural profession? categorized andpositioned in the How canthe practice be 16. What Architect? 176 McAdam Architects. Architects. McAdam Research Symposium Four, Ghent, November November Four, Ghent, Symposium Research 2012. Sketch diagram showing collaborative collaborative showing Sketch diagram 2012. process with all participants linked bya linked participants all with process 16. WhatArchitect? collaboration hub or ‘chat room’. ‘chat or hub collaboration What Architect? Practice Practice fi Th positioned inthearchitectural profession? How canthe practice becategorized and At Practice Research Symposium Six, Barcelona, November 2013, Kester Rattenbury Kester 2013, November Barcelona, Six, Symposium Research Practice At offi abranch via or sold exported simply are services where business or international not aglobal into taking locations, of number a in diff account operated has It specialization. particular no Th (viewing the work for the fi work for the the (viewing In many ways we strive to be a conventional practice, where architectural commissions commissions architectural where practice, for designs producing out astudio in carried services professional and conventional received a are be to strive we ways many In circumstances”. unconventional invery operated but beconventional to strived which one was practice ndings e practice is involved in a wide range of buildings and project typologies with with typologies project and of buildings range awide in involved is epractice inking about the practice’s activities and the body of work, and considering the the considering of work, and body the and activities practice’s the about inking 1 of our research, we must pose a basic question: question: abasic pose wemust research, of our Environment, Westminster University, London. University, Westminster Environment, Built ofthe Faculty writer. and critic, journalist, architectural Rattenbury: 2 Kester ofElasticity. Art The Skills, of Accumulation The of Practice, Endeavours –The tochapters referring 1 Findings: erent localities, but with an international base or Yet approach. base it is international an but with erent localities, ce. rst time) hit the nail on the head, surmising that: that: surmising head, on the nail the hit time) rst What type of architect are we? “the 2 and sometimes assist in enabling conventional practice. conventional enabling in assist sometimes and undertakings into serious develop often will but they some do, and materialize, out aspecifi set and opportunities identify approach, where weintuitively entrepreneurial an It is publications. and exhibitions seminars, programs, educational consultations, often engage in structured activities like brief-writing, development strategies, work, we toproject aprecursor as situation’ ‘normal this tocreate attempt an In environment. professional unique own our ‘own our culture’, and of creating tothat analogous is and activity, practice’s the in atrait is topractice which in situation a ‘normal’ infl will which plan a grand or initiating clients, educating projects, –byinstigating way’ anormal ‘in practice fi Consequently, weoften attainable. from far is practice conventional of work, astraightforward location specifi our However, projects. background, due toour building c road map or strategy to move them forward. Not all of these ideas ideas of these Not all forward. tomove them or strategy map croad nd ourselves trying to engineer situations in which to uence change in years to come. Th tocome. years in change uence is theme of creating c circumstances and and c circumstances McAdam Architects. Research Symposium Four, Ghent, November November Four, Ghent, Symposium Research 2011. Sketch diagram showing 19th century century 19th showing diagram Sketch 2011. architect at the centre of the design and and design ofthe centre atthe architect 16. WhatArchitect? What Architect? Architect? What realisation process. realisation Practice Practice

177 178 Pool pavilion, Caesarea. Caesarea. pavilion, Pool Pool pavilion, Caesarea. Caesarea. pavilion, Pool west elevation. Photo by James McAdam, 2012. McAdam, byJames Photo elevation. west first floor study in main house. Photo by James byJames Photo house. main in study floor first 16. WhatArchitect? View looking across to across looking View Pool and pavilion from from pavilion and Pool McAdam, 2012. McAdam, additions to a private house in Caesarea in house toaprivate additions and pavilion pool new the was partnership desirable of this example A good architect. tothe whole control of process the entrust will and partners, business as almost us treat will who (individuals) clients our with relationships to develop We project. for the prefer consultant lead the and architect master –the process design and of aproject team centre atthe stands who professional entrusted an realized that in many ways the practice aspires to that of wehave the techniques, 19th professional and century activities preferred of our architect: consideration In The 19th century architect in London, as well as being in control of the design process. design of control the in being as well London, as in for development properties and sites select tocreatively us allows Developments, Th fund. estate areal with apartnership forging Following role further, this We taken subsequently have specialisation. apractice was this occasions. that numerous on manner Four, Symposium Ghent, November 2012, in atPractice werealised discussions century) (19th this in worked have We retractable glazed doors. used are a simple combination of local Jerusalem of local asimple combination are used contains an enclosed fi half other the while dining, for external structure open pergola is pavilion the of Half Sea. Mediterranean the towards west directly views with pool, to anew parallel positioned is and wide, metres four long and 25 volume, metres storey Th Israel. in city coastal asmall in house large of a garden the in pavilion and pool for aswimming was project of this Part results. the with happy very ultimately and absent, virtually trusting, –was occasions on worked four we have Th end. atthe of keys ahand-over and process, the during updates monthly with project, of the beginning atthe wereexpressed budget and 4 Jerusalem stone: type of sandstone from which the Wailing Wall is built. Wall is Wailing the which from ofsandstone type stone: 4 Jerusalem Port. aRoman Originally Tel Haifa. Aviv and between town coastal 3 Caesarea: tness room, showers and changing facilities. Th facilities. changing room, and showers tness 3 , Israel (2011–2012)., Israel brief Asite, verbal e pavilion is a rectangular, single- arectangular, is epavilion is partnership, known as MBBK MBBK as known partnership, is 4 stone, cedarwood shutters, and and shutters, stone, cedarwood e client – with whom –with eclient e materials 16. WhatArchitect? Photo by James McAdam, 2012. McAdam, byJames Photo Caesarea Aquaduct ,

179 180 16. WhatArchitect? Plan of Plan Pool pavilion, Caesarea. pavilion, Pool Pool pavilion, Caesarea. Caesarea. pavilion, Pool west elevation, showing ‘Jerusalem showing elevation, west Photos by James McAdam, 2012. McAdam, byJames Photos stone’ cladding. cladding. stone’ Pergola on 16. WhatArchitect?

181 182 Red October. Briefing documents for individual individual for documents Briefing October. Red plots, prepared by McAdam Architects, 2006. Architects, byMcAdam prepared plots, 16. WhatArchitect? briefi October Chocolate Factory Chocolate October Red of the reconstruction the was of collaboration sort of this example A good benefi huge of is wefi others, byinvolving contribution aricher making Besides toparticipate. architects other invite often wewill events, and seminars, initiatives, in involved weare where Equally, architects. involve other readily input, we will benefi would project the that it clear or is if required, is aspecialist if project, urban alarge-scale in involved is practice the when example, For practicalities. sense of common pursuit the profession, and the in relationships competition. Th we have also realized techniques, professional and that activities preferred of our we investigation further In have a preference for collaboration as opposed to Collaboration France, and Germany Russia, Britain, from of We practices client. acombination the chose with process pre-qualifi alogical went through and buildings, the design nine existing buildings. WeTh then proposed to invite eight selected architects to plots. site building into eight the wedivided evolved, concept plan were an inherent problem of Moscow which issues parking and development. transport toaddress other the and werelisted), they As diagrams for the master sure (and tomake value site on were of the historical buildings which to establish – one high-profi this two surveys with forward commissioned we le First project. way best the tounderstand and adevelopment strategy toformulate client the assisting advisor, and planner master brief, open as an given We wereinitially boulevard. acentral along facilities, sports private and galleries cafes, shops, 350 and fl 150 new including apartments loft-style metres, square Th living. modern and architecture in alandmark represent Moscow, would in and Th Kremlin. of the south-west immediately island on an located factory, chocolate Th site. October Red for the buildings todesign architects European briefi plans, ageneral prepared toeight invitations practice and documents ng project the For this 2006. in development and strategy plan amaster to propose e plots were based on the existing pattern of the factory layout and incorporated incorporated layout and factory of the pattern existing on the eplots werebased e brief was to provide 500 high-spec residential units, totalling around 100,000 100,000 around totalling units, residential high-spec 500 toprovide was ebrief e development was to become the most desired and prestigious place to live tolive place prestigious and desired most the tobecome edevelopment was development site on of the a19th century residential for alarge was eproject ng documents and assisted the client with the appointment of each participant. participant. appointment of the each with client the assisted and documents ng Project Meganom, Willen Associates, McAdam Architects. McAdam Associates, Willen Meganom, Project 11, 2workshop Mosproject Partner, Stormer Jan Associes, et Wilmotte Partners, and Foster Nouvel, Jean Ateliers October: atRed buildings todesign appointed 6 Architects Moscow. central in Canal and River Moscow between peninsula on located factory century 19th Factory: Chocalate October 5 Red e reason for this is a combination of the desire to foster exchange and and exchange tofoster desire of the acombination is for this ereason t to the practice in terms of social and professional development. professional and of social terms in practice t tothe 6 to design the buildings. Subsequently we prepared detailed detailed prepared we Subsequently buildings. the design to 5 in central Moscow, where the practice was appointed was Moscow, practice where the central in t from a varied design design avaried t from cation and negotiation nd that collaboration collaboration nd that ats, along with with along ats, Wilmotte, with whom we have continued discourse today; secondly by furthering furthering by secondly environment. development urban of the toa sensitive were crucial today; discourse contributions varied and of ideas exchange the where continued notion of collaboration, the have we whom with Wilmotte, Jean-Michel Nouvel and Jean particular in architects, other with contacts forging We profession. benefi architectural Russian the of ‘regeneration’ subject on the within discourse positive instigated and press international of the attention tothe atlarge city the and October Red brought Th is was a ground-breaking moment for Moscow real estate development. It tted from this in two ways; fi ways; two in this from tted rstly by rstly century brick factory buildings clearly clearly buildings factory brick century and Vodo’otvodny Canal (right). 19th 19th (right). Canal Vodo’otvodny and Architecture News, November 2006. November News, Architecture An aerial view of the peninsula from from peninsula ofthe view aerial An the south, with Moscow River (left) (left) River Moscow with south, the selected to prepare designs, 2006. designs, toprepare selected Red October. Axonometric model model Axonometric October. Red 16. WhatArchitect? Red October. October. Red prepared by McAdam Architects identifying plots and architects architects and plots identifying seen across the centre ofsite. centre the across seen Article from World World from Article

183 184 for a new residential neighbourhood on on neighbourhood residential anew for Nagatino I-Land. River. Concept made in collaboration: collaboration: in made River. Concept the site of ZIL the factory on Moskva Moskva on factory ofZILthe site the Architects, All Design (Will Alsop). (Will Design All Architects, McAdam Architects, Ginzburg Ginzburg Architects, McAdam 16. WhatArchitect? Closed competition competition Closed Aleksey Ginzburg Valery Goloverov and Irina Goloverova Irina GoloverovValery and Th colleagues. and friends, of architects, anumber with on projects partners as October, collaborated of wehave Red example the Besides Practice refl On further of an architectural practice, and that in the course of research this is worthwhile worthwhile is this research of course the in that environment. and ofaprofessional context the rolein its understanding in exercise practice, architectural an of modes operating the to clarity give can investigation such that We suggest would either in that practice. to which within environments understand social and to situations was process this ‘normal’ We create to endeavour conventional. be to strives from practice the case, revelation main the However, collaboration. done in are projects regeneration or planning urban larger the whereas architect, 19th work of the the century normally are projects residential private the Logically, work. practice the and roles refl On Collaborator. the and architect 19th of the century werethat practice of roles the dominant Four,Symposium Ghent, November 2012. Th Th cases. all almost in rewarding enjoyable and Stormer e subject – What Architect? – was investigated and discussed at Practice Research Research atPractice discussed and investigated –was Architect? –What esubject 7 9 that form through collaboration, are essential features of our practice. practice. of our features essential are collaboration, through form that , Aleksey Ginzburg , Aleksey Moisey Ginzburg. architect, ofConstructivist Grandson Moscow. architect, practicing Ginzburg: Aleksey 10 Germany. Hamburg, architect, practicing well-known Stormer: 9 Jan Russia. Krasnodar, planner, urban and Architect mother. Kalinina’s Goloverova: 8 Irina level. asimilar on communicate and work who oflike mind, professionals creative or ofarchitects group ofPractice: 7 Communities ection we have found that collaboration, and the Communities of Communities the and collaboration, that found wehave ection ection we can see that there is a coherent link between these these between acoherent is link there that see wecan ection 10 , and Will Alsop. We have found this process to be tobe process We this Alsop. found have Will , and 8 , Alexander Skokan (AB Ostozhenka) Jan Jan Ostozhenka) (AB Skokan , Alexander ere, we recognized that the two ese include: Eugene Asse, Asse, Eugene include: ese what dowe see? architecture objectively, When we lookat Russian Le Corbusier 17. from Learning 186 The British Council British The exchange.” cultural of sustained aresult intheUKas studying with, or visiting business doing consider trust, likelyto more substantially are organisations and people that Russian found has “Research England in Russia (16th century). Located next to next Located century). (16th Russia in England The Old English Court. English Old The 17. Learningfrom LeCorbusier Red Square in central Moscow. central in Square Red The first Embassy of Embassy first The seminar 1992. Imagination in Project opened only the Incidentally, centre information it 1947. in toclose but had end of WWII, at the 1967, in It re-opened fi but the in Russia, and their maxim remains: remains: maxim their and Russia, in presence their retaining in persist But they 2008. in again but closed all was Council areas, to an extent dependent on the status of the project. Broadly, we believe that that believe we Broadly, project. the of status the on dependent extent an to areas, Architecture occupies a zone between politics and culture, stretching into both cannot. diplomacy government-to-government conventional the relationship at Th large. fi Th I. of Charles execution bythe shocked he was 1649 in because merchants English all expelled Tsar Alexey Romanov and him, tomarry refused I’s relatives one when of Elizabeth Terrible the furious Ivan 16th century, the was In interesting. and volatile been always have relationships political and cultural British-Russian countries. the between activity mutual any tofurthering key ones) the are or social topolitical (as opposed relationships cultural that clear it seems observations, mutual Th adistance. from Britain and Russia look atboth and back to step possibility the is situation bicultural of our consequences interesting most One of the objectively, what dowe see? When we lookat Russian architecture rst project in the fi the in project rst e story of the British Council’s involvement with Russia perhaps exemplifi perhaps Russia involvement with Council’s British of the estory

(described in Chapter 5, Project Imagination) was the British Council’s Council’s British the was 5, Imagination) Chapter Project in (described eld of architecture after Perestroika. Unfortunately the British British the Unfortunately Perestroika. after ofeld architecture ey fi rst opened an outlet in the Soviet Union 1945 in Soviet the in outlet an opened rst Culture brings people together in ways that rough rough our rst es dedicated Russian partner, Nikolai Kolli Nikolai partner, Russian dedicated a had maestro great the project, the throughout that well-known It not is very spirit new its with accordance in organized being is that anation to Ipossess knowledge what contribute Ishall that joy great It with is inarchitecture. learned Ihave that all task this to bring I shall 1928, in wrote, competition le of Corbusier the stage third the in victory Upon his Moscow in competition 1936. in completed and Corbusier byLe designed Tsentrosoyuz, Architecture, international successful of one Modernist world-renowned the landmark at building: acompleted in resulted that look to useful is it believe we for this, reasons or cultural political detailed the toencapsulate trying than Rather meaningful inMoscow? Why have to something build managed sofew international architects spectrum. end of the political tothe it much closer is but Russia in position, political than amore cultural occupies generally architecture UK, the in outcome, even nowadays. outcome, even afar-fl on in aproject working architect any fact In design. original the from not far is too building the project, confi we can revolutionary His building. completed the heating with happy not entirely was Corbusier Le that and system was rejectedWe know in favour that the of building’s standard radiators. construction project. for But the design the toprogress Corbusier Le period helping and Tsentrosoyuz on the was working Paris, in part-time lived Kolli Nikolai long and complicated,Leonidov. Th Ivan Zholtovsky Ivan architect well-known the under studied Kolli end. tothe beginning the from Group 3 alongside with the Vesnin brothers, Moisei Ginzburg, Ilia Golosov and Ivan Ivan and Golosov Ilia Ginzburg, Moisei Vesnin brothers, the with alongside group of Constructivist architects. of Constructivist group first the tobe considered and to1930 1925 from active was which Union, Soviet the in association architectural an Architects): ofContemporary (Organization Group 3 OSA architects. Constructivist ofmany educator and architect Russian-Soviet (1867–1959): Zholtosky 2 Ivan architect. constructivist and modernist Russian (1894-1966): Kolli 1 Nikolai ey formed the core of Constructivism. For four years (1928–1932) For years four of core Constructivism. the formed ey dently say that, thanks to Kolli’s almost religious dedication to the tothe dedication religious almost toKolli’s thanks that, say dently 2 , and in the late 1920s he became a member of the Soviet OSA OSA Soviet of amember the 1920s late the he in became , and . ung land would be perfectly happy with such an an such with happy perfectly be would land ung 1 , who was highly involved in the project project the in involved highly was , who 17. Learningfrom LeCorbusier Tsetrosoyus Building by Le Corbusier and and byLe Corbusier Building Tsetrosoyus Photo of original model for Tsetrosoyus. for model oforiginal Photo Nikolai Kolli, 1933. Kolli, Nikolai

187 188 Le Corbusier and Nikolai Kolli on-site in 1931. in Kollion-site Nikolai and Le Corbusier Le Corbusier with construction team construction with Le Corbusier 17. Learningfrom LeCorbusier on-site in 1931. in on-site Golden Age nation. Th nation. people werefi Russian 19thBy end of the the the century, In 1917, Vladimir Lenin and his Council of Peoples 1917,In Commissars Council his and Lenin Vladimir Empire. short-lived Russian of the end the It was upheaval. social byviolent and economic apart torn was country Th Tolstoy, Chekov and many others emerged from this rapid cultural fl hand has experienced adiff experienced has hand other on the Russia ademocracy. build toslowly centuries several took Britain like countries European democracy. young but old country, avery an is Russia toremember: thing one is important there But webelieve misunderstanding. Th important. is what and from, you where came you who are, toforget it easy is that todoso. Th continues and values, and borders friends, and enemies its changed It has twice. of religion, change World two atotal had Wars and through 150 been It has last move for the years. much on the very been has briefl 1936. Russia since fact, In Russia to in changed A lot has important is it point this At Russia. in progress over along 1920s architectural shadow late 1930sthe and casts comparable any or Moscow. in Th result, architectural collaboration, or spirit this seen not have we 1936 since Sadly, be written into government policy. Proletkult was specifi was policy. into government Proletkult written be to movement history in avant-garde only the was period of that architecture and art It’s Russian that said architecture. and art and production, education, housing, new policy called Proletkult. called policy new abolished in 1861. in abolished scientifi reforms, economic and political of social, major introduction the Reformation, Protestant the and out Renaissance on the missed Russia aresult, of slavery. As years 200 had en, just as Russia was getting to its feet in the beginning of 20th century, the the century, of 20th beginning the in feet toits getting was Russia as en, just ere is a lot of controversial news about Russia, which creates confusion and and confusion creates which Russia, about news alot of ereis controversial e arts fl earts arose in conjunction with the Russian Revolution of1917. Revolution Russian the with conjunction in arose which institution artistic Soviet experimental an was culture, proletarian 7 Proletkult: Union. Soviet the toform country the restructuring in foundations laid council the Republic Russian the in 1917. in Created Revolution October the after shortly formed institution agovernment Commissars: ofPeople’s 6 Council IIofRussia. ofAlexander reign the during eff reforms ofliberal important most ected and first the was of1861 Reform Peasant 5 The rule. Mongol under was Russia 1480 and 1222 4 Between

of Russian culture – the works of Pushkin, Dostoyevsky, Tchaikovsky, Dostoyevsky, of Pushkin, works –the culture of Russian c innovations, and the creation of free citizens. Slavery was only only was Slavery citizens. of free creation the and c innovations, ourished dramatically, with glorious results. Th 5 Th e transformation from serfs into citizens began only then. only began into citizens serfs from etransformation e problem with such rapid and tumultuous change is is change tumultuous and rapid such eproblem with erent development. After 250 years of Mongol Rule 250 years erent development. After 7 It dictated every part of society culture: cities, is rare window of architectural opportunity in in opportunity architectural of window rare is y describe recent Russian history and culture. culture. and history Russian recent y describe cally intended to create intended tocreate cally nally uniting to form a toform uniting nally 6 created a radical aradical created is time was the the was time is owering. owering. 4 it it Th 1930s. late the in style classical byStalin’s ornate replaced was Constructivism Corbusier’s le including period, this during realized were Tsentrosoyuz. buildings constructivist of number Alarge Russia. socially-recomposed and for aphysically- forms and ideas Even in those diffi those in Even buildings. civic Soviet of faceless designs the and program, housing of asystem-built decades three endured architects Russian Instead, architecture. tomodernist for areturn hopes great had and time, at this Th of skyline. its part integral an for and iconic Moscow – some of them fantastic examples of Soviet Brutalism Th world. of the rest tothe unknown are and fi science fi chaos related and process this witnessed practice no control. Our had State the Th wealth. of re-distribution amassive in of Russia’s most resources ‘privatized’ Kremlin the ‘Th to as economy. market Th free and into democracy country the to steer 1990s, Yeltsin attempted early the In succession. rapid in Union occurred Soviet the on ‘architectural excesses’ rst-hand when we set up our architectural practice in Moscow in 1993. in Moscow in practice architectural upour weset when rst-hand e fall of the Berlin Wall, Perestroika, Gorbachev’s Prize Nobel Wall, Perestroika, Berlin of the efall e new Stalinist style Stalinist enew is classical style was abandoned in the 1960s as Khrushchev 1960s the as in abandoned was style classical is e era of the Oligarchs’, when a group of individuals closely connected to connected closely of agroup when individuals Oligarchs’, of the eera ctional.Th is was a time of ‘Wild capitalism’, where everything was allowed and and allowed was capitalism’, everything of where ‘Wild atime was is peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community”. international ofthe parts important characterizes today which process peace the in role leading his “for Gorbachev toMikhail awarded was Prize 1990 Peace Nobel The 13 buildings. administration and public for state-style the as encouraged particularly was It 1980s. early tothe 1960s the from Union Soviet the in flourished which movement architecture Brutalist tothe refers Brutalism 12 Soviet concrete panels. pre-fabricated from made buildings most and industry construction industrialized bythe dominated was architecture when era, Khrushchev tothe 11 Areference era. Stalinist ofthe style neo-classical decorative tothe Areference 10 blocks. housing panel prefabricated offive-storey program building industrial for Responsible 1964. 1953- Union, Soviet ofthe Party Communist ofthe Secretary First Khrushchev, 9 Nikita to1950s. 1930s mid from classicism socialist or style empire style: 8 Stalinist cult ‘pre-fabricated’ ese buildings are scattered across the former Soviet Union, former Soviet the across scattered are buildings ese 8 screamed power, stability and order. Its buildings became became order. and buildings Its power, stability screamed 10 . My parents were students of architecture in Moscow Moscow in of architecture werestudents . My parents 11 11 times there were a few architectural exceptions exceptions architectural wereafew there times 12 , extravagant and even even and , extravagant 13 is is often referred , and the collapse of of collapse the , and 9 declared a war awar declared The building programs of three leaders of the ofthe leaders ofthree programs building The 17. Learningfrom LeCorbusier Stalin’s empire style and social classicism. social and style empire Stalin’s Gorbachev’s era of change, when Soviet Soviet when ofchange, era Gorbachev’s construction industry ground toahalt. ground industry construction Soviet Union as depicted in cartoons in depicted as Union Soviet Khrushchev’s industrialized state by Mikhail Ryabov. by Mikhail building program.

189 190 17. Learningfrom LeCorbusier Druzhba Health Spa, Yalta, Ukraine, Igor Vasilievsky, 1985. Vasilievsky, Igor Yalta, Ukraine, Spa, Health Druzhba Photo by Frederic Chaubin. byFrederic Photo Cosmonautics, Boris Barkhin, 1961. Barkhin, Boris Cosmonautics, Avrora Cinema, Krasnodar, Evgeny Evgeny Krasnodar, Avrora Cinema, State Museum of the History of History ofthe Museum State Serdyukov, 1967.Serdyukov, latter involving Shigeru Ban. Shigeru involving latter Gorky Park Gorky of parts and of House Artists front Central of in the bank river the including realised, been have projects of landscape number Asmall authorities. city by the Th arisen. has landscaping city and public realm Moscow: incentral realm public ofthe Upgrade eras). (from all buildings of historical protection for the constantly lobbied and of this, detractors We Hotel werevocal Rossiya. and Hotel Moskva Voentorg Store, the including Department weredemolished, worth historical of buildings 700 estimated an when tenyears, previous of the destruction the Moscow. Th Value central in of Historical Areas involves an ApprovedNew regulations on historical preservation: Register of Listed Buildings and a Decree participants. one shortlisted of the was Architects for Protected Th projects. building public major for all competitions architectural introducing are authorities city the International competitions: schools. architecture international independent and of opening the Moscow; Central in public realm of the upgrade the preservation; on historical regulations new competitions; international of new inception the Th cities. large other and Moscow in especially toarchitecture, regard and environment of built improvement the in signs shows Russia authorities, of the nature aggressive Today, the and tensions despite political masterpieces. demolition of some Constructivist the including uptoand buildings, historical for valuable acomplete disregard was Th problems. transport horrendous and buildings ugly of truly alegacy leaving redolent with towers and turrets. Th architecture, Russian mayor, of aform city neo-classical the He Luzhkov. imposed by manifested was Style’ ‘Moscow Architectural the followed, that period the During London Metropolitan University. It was opened in 2012 by Eugene Asse (Rector). (Rector). Asse school. of this establishment the in consultation and advice provided Eugene by 2012 in opened was It Th University. Metropolitan London at &Design of Art Faculty Cass the with accredited is which school diploma aprivate is School Architectural Moscow competitions. city’sof international the quite infl is Strelka Kolhaas. byRem directed school, post-graduate aprivately-funded, is fi past the in Moscow in appeared have schools architectural ofarchitecture: international schools and of independent Opening e school’s main concern is to develop socially-responsible architects. McAdam McAdam architects. socially-responsible todevelop is concern eschool’s main uential in the architectural community and assists in the organization organization the in assists and community architectural the in uential 18 with paper. Designed a pavilion in Gorky Park from cardboard tubes in 2012. in tubes cardboard from Park Gorky in a pavilion Designed paper. with work innovative his for famous architect, international and Japanese Ban, Shigeru 15 1928. in completed and Melnikov byKonstantin designed was It Gorky. Maxim after named Moscow, in park amusement an is Leisure and ofCulture Park Central 14 Gorky , the former based on a proposal by McAdam Architects, and the the and Architects, byMcAdam on aproposal former based , the ese include Moscow Agglomeration, for which McAdam McAdam for which Agglomeration, Moscow include ese With a recent change of mayor and chief city architect, architect, city chief of and mayor change arecent With 19 is period was terribly detrimental to the city, tothe detrimental terribly was period is Th is is a most signifi ese are on the whole instigated whole on instigated the are ese is is especially important after is manifests in several ways: ways: several in manifests is Very of recently, subject the ve years. Strelka Institute Institute Strelka ve years. cant shift and and shift cant Two new new Two ere 17. Learningfrom LeCorbusier Hotel Moskva, Aleksey Shchusev, 1938. Shchusev, Aleksey Moskva, Hotel Hotel Rossiya, Dmitri Chechulin, 1967. Chechulin, Dmitri Rossiya, Hotel Voentorg military surplus store, surplus military Voentorg Sergei Zalessky, 1913. Zalessky, Sergei

191 192 17. Learningfrom LeCorbusier at the Central House ofArtists. House Central at the the Moskva River (2012), River Moskva the Public realm project on project realm Public Th 2005. in established University, was State which Kuban of Architecture, School Krasnodar atthe for tutors development program aprofessional with involved presently are Kalinina and McAdam addition, In In 2013, the curator for the Moscow Biennale 2013,In Moscow for the curator the of ideas. exchange and dialogue open an celebrating Biennale, Art International established an has now Moscow fi in arts. of this visual evidence and drama, lm, We see apace. developing can is community international the and Russia between collaboration arts, the In exchange. open topursue it vital is Russia –with process tothis critical are borders political debatebeyond and discourse International Th Russia. in society democratic textbooks. memorizing or orders as well. Th following than rather Th questions, ask to beginning are for survival. its but crucial collaboration, tointernational barrier asensitive are architecture in politics and business dilemma: interesting It an is. is architecture much as not as –or atleast, politics and bybusiness not motivated are arts the fact due tothe is werespecifi works 30 which of countries, 40 from work of 72 the artists showcasing enormous, was exhibition ese positive changes are making adiff making are changes positive ese is is complicated and sometimes painful process, but it imperative. is process, painful sometimes and complicated is is is tendency is emerging not only in architecture – it is visible in other areas 17 Catherine de Zegher: curator, director of Museum of Arts in Ghent. in ofArts ofMuseum curator, director Zegher: de 17 Catherine 2003. in founded was and events cultural Russian important most ofthe one is Art ofContemporary Biennale Moscow The 16 ese new developments and contributing to the ongoing creation of creation ongoing tothe contributing and developments new ese cally-prepared for the event. But perhaps this success success this But event. perhaps for the cally-prepared erence, albeit on a very small scale. Students 16 16 was Catherine de Zegher. Catherine was 17 Th e Photo by Aleksey Narodnitsky, 2009. 2009. Narodnitsky, byAleksey Photo Archstoianie Rotonda byA.Brodsky Rotonda Archstoianie 17. Learningfrom LeCorbusier

193 194 House on the Water, Vladimir Plotkin. Plotkin. Water, the on Vladimir House 17. Learningfrom LeCorbusier (Opposite) Archstoyanie, 2009. (Opposite) Archstoyanie, Archstoyanie, 2007. Archstoyanie, Project Meganom. A good example of this is the ‘Archstoyanie’ the is of this example A good through. shines character national the and productive becomes more. much Th toenjoy themselves start architects the creative, and artistic but the elements, leave or political business you remove the as soon As Th origins. international their with harmony in works, of the all woven through is character national Russian festival. of the Th them throughout the year. (and snow), look after timber, straw, and twigs like materials local from structures the tobuild Festival employed bythe are villagers Now the population. small its losing rapidly was and no employment had opportunities which Nilola-Lenivets, Th 2006. in Festival the not become hostages of their own inhibitions or of their Government. Government. or of their inhibitions own of their hostages not become people will Russian the and found, be can ground common continues, discourse this long as world. As of the rest the and Russia between interaction artistic and the artist Nikolai Polissky Nikolai artist the by initiated It was countryside. Russian the in perform and objects construct and diff from architects and of artists anumber where e festival, like Project Imagination, creates a forum for dialogue and for professional for professional and for dialogue aforum creates Project Imagination, like efestival, is was a community project. Th project. acommunity was is is has had an amazing regenerating aff regenerating amazing an had has is prominent artists of this genre in Russia. Russia. in genre ofthis artists prominent most ofthe one is and Land-art in involved became In2000 “Mit’ki”. group ofart member Former teacher. and painter sculptor, artist, contemporary Russian Polissky: Nikolai 19 Polissky. byNicholai 2006 in founded was festival The well. as winter in sometimes summer, in annually Held Europe. and Russia in festivals landscape and art land oflargest One 18 19 , who started the process in 2000 and fi and 2000 in process the started , who e objective was to save a beautiful Russian village, village, Russian a beautiful tosave was eobjective ect on the village and on the participants participants on the and village on the ect 18 18 Festival – an annual workshop event erent countries gather to design todesign gather erent countries e collaboration nally opened nally 17. Learningfrom LeCorbusier

195 18. A summary of research and fi ndings

What did the research entail, what did we discover, and how might this be applicable to other practices? 198 Destination: Moscow, Tram ofGhent. Moscow, centre 4, no. Destination: Photographed by Tanya Kalinina after Practice Practice byTanya after Kalinina Photographed Symposium Four, Ghent, November 2012. November Four, Ghent, Symposium 18. Asummaryofresearch andfindings debate is often the best way to begin professional relationships. What we have wehave What relationships. professional to begin way best the often debate is good that and responsibility, of social acceptance the of practice, of communities creation the in role of the public activities exchange, through of learning process the individuals, input of two balanced the practice: bicultural of core the the today. involved Th still we are which with of Practice –Communities countries both in circles toarchitectural us ‘pure’ bicultural activity giving us immediate professional status and connecting a It was Institute. Architectural atMoscow workshops torun architects British during Perestroika, we have identifi wehave Perestroika, during students as meeting partners the development. Besides practice moments in key Th tocome. for years practice for the basis the created event which single important Mirror Th McAdam. James with my partnership analyse to attempted Ihave practice, of bicultural study of this continuation adirect As latterly, Barcelona. and, Ghent in on asix-monthly basis Symposiums Research Practice in participation program, over a periodTh of three years (April 2011 to August 2014), including practices?other discover, andhow might this beapplicable to What didthe research entail, what didwe During the process of refl process the During clarifi Moscow and exchange in studying architect, an tobe at not wanting Canterbury byarchitecture, surrounded of being School of Architecture. 1970s Union the in Soviet 1980s. the and in Th life and Th described in Chapter 4, Chapter in described links between personal background and subsequent architectural practice. Th practice. subsequent architectural and background personal between links any toestablish studies biographical brief undertaken atwork, wehave partners of the space mental the and practice of the origins the understand To further stage. or atany opinion help, and advice other’s onWe rely each assistance can benefi other, that of away the shoulder’ in ‘over looks the of us Each topractice. other each how we‘license’ explored I have Th practice. in other complement and each clash cultures at how wework diff together, our It looks architects. both who are my parents, between arrangement the particular in Th work. their in imperfects e following is a general summary of the research undertaken throughout the the throughout undertaken research of the summary ageneral is efollowing is event, which was initiated atspecifi initiated was which event, is ed the main reasons why I am in this practice today. practice this in why Iam reasons main the ed – a reference to how Renaissance artists would use a mirror to see possible possible tosee amirror use would artists tohow Renaissance areference Made in the USSR. the in Made ection, with use of use with ection, is essay briefl e principles engaged through this event formed this through engaged eprinciples erent qualities and skills, and how our diff how our and skills, and erent qualities ed the y explores husband and wife partnerships, partnerships, wife and husband y explores c moment in time and history, took 20 20 took history, and time c moment in

Project Imagination Project Here I have refl Here Ihave ts projects or process in the practice. practice. the in process or projects ts Th e Practice Map ePractice is Chapter is entitled e chapter includes episodes episodes includes echapter rough this investigation investigation this rough ected on my background , we have identifi , wehave

seminar as an all- is exercise has

Mirror, erent is is ed same client group. Th group. client same Th practice. of the life the in over time involved people and projects between connections and links the tounderstand was research practice the in focuses main One of the outset. the from this weinstigate toeventuate, practice of for acommunity wedonot wait that too, is could others what and learned, able to see that one particular project, Th project, within particular the one very that see centre to able of the diagram, enduringcurrent projects were positioned on this ‘Joy’. diagram, and through this test we were four atest, As practice. of the future tothe value its consider thereby Our and activity, view is that such project or practice fi a of aparticular andstatus theposition assess could we lters Joy, Enjoyment, Tolerance, Trials and tribulations, Humiliation. Th Endeavours. a weproposed toshow this and interconnected wereoften streams three these that We projects. discovered Built and Competitions, initiatives, identifi clearly and From the Practice Map, we moved on to examine complex diagram. asingle in contexts and extremely useful tool for illustrating and clarifying practice activities, infl of work, or body complex/specifi a large with practices for established We that developments. and believe links, moments, key toidentify us helped and complexities, in It clarity gave enhancements. and Th at the practice activities as a whole, enabling us to draw motivation from reality. look and back tostand us allowed that tool inductive an It was over time. evolved relationship also became clear through the development of the through clear became also relationship Th work. realised Practices of the proportion alarge are which houses of private for 15,000 of asettlement arange plan included people. It master also tothe led step. Th at each of design boundaries the push would architect the and risk increase would client Th parallel. in along-term developed client and how practice Here wedescribe tool fortool refl private on work our at in the depth in considered have we role our was what and developed had how these We tounderstand houses. wanted study this of continuation a As interrelated. activities (Chapter 8), and how projects wewereable to see as We began the research process using using process research the We began evolved. of practice how acommunity and process this with involved been have identifi also wehave vein infl why ithow was and toestablish tried and restraints components and We origins, atits looked have fi probably the was which is Map was discussed and developed throughout the research, through overlays overlays through research, the throughout developed and discussed was Map is Emergence of the New Russian House. Russian New of the Emergence e practice has worked through diff through worked has epractice ecting on the body of work and understanding how the practice had had practice how the understanding of work body and on the ecting We added lines of resistance to represent levels of practice experience: experience: practice of levels represent to resistance of lines added We is relationship began with the design of a small apartment and and apartment of asmall design the with began relationship is ed three streams of work in the practice: Strategic visions and and visions Strategic practice: of the work in streams three ed is is described in Chapter 6, 6, Chapter in described is is uential on the design of private house in Russia. In this this In Russia. in of house private design on the uential ed a small group of architects, and discussed how they how they discussed and of group architects, asmall ed rst of its kind in Russia, ‘Th Russia, in of kind its rst e Central House of Artists, was potentially potentially was of House Artists, eCentral Th e Practice Map ePractice c characteristics, a Practice Map is an an is Map aPractice c characteristics, erent projects and times with the the with times and erent projects We identifi We Working with the Prospectors e House in the Pine Forest’. Pine the in eHouse Th e Endeavours of Practice . Th ed one specifi is was an essential essential an is was Th e Practice Map ePractice rough rough these Diagram of Diagram c project uences uences is e .

18. Asummaryofresearch andfindings

199 200 18. Asummaryofresearch andfindings mentors: infl mentors, but taken have no specifi wehave that wesurmise practice, of the history and life atthe Looking topractice. which from of rules or set amanifesto developing and of way clarifying auseful is projects of key study in-depth via dynamics those understanding that and practices established many atwork in are formulae similar We applied. confi being are formula due toacommon related all are they diff very are buildings realised the whilst that is case our in Th principles. of guiding aset double as rules shared these examination, Th level. atasub-conscious operate which rules Th process. design the in or specifi context alocation, where Chess Player,Chess Th Th designer, lead the were we case: sketches. to initial each in that were similar realised buildings resultant the and and involved, werecontinuously partners the successful considered are projects why methodology. We these practice went and onapproach toexamine Th this process we determined that these projects were connected by common attributes: introduced components. dynamic Th attributes: common subtly by and materials, and methods building local understanding context, connected cultural were projects these architectural/ totheir reference considered location, that toaparticular suitability determined we process this Th toeach. approach practice’s design the and materials forms, restrictions, locations, –their detail in projects these We studied practice. same the from diff we are convinced that an abstract method of identifying these characters, roles, or roles, characters, these of identifying method abstract an that convinced we are indirect infl mentors or on peripheral relied have which practices many are there that suspect We it tobe! like wewould what encapsulate or atleast practice, of the ethos the encapsulate components clearly these error. Overall, and by trial learning drawn from an exchange of culture, and with the contrast with the innate nature of the bicultural partnership, where infl of the external main infl infl of individuals in Chapter 11 as Th approach. design and drivers of practice representations clear as werechosen projects seminal three research the During professions. creative and practices architectural toother applied benefi be could endeavours practice toexamine approach or similar diagram contributed signifi ere are defi ereare e Larch House eLarch erent in type, function, volume, appearance and materials, and yet they emerged emerged they yet and materials, and appearance volume, function, erent type, in uence from each of these peripheral mentors gives a comprehensive overview overview acomprehensive mentors gives peripheral of these each from uence

Th eProvocateur, Th uence for insight and encouragement. On conclusion of this exercise exercise of On conclusion this encouragement. and for insight uence nitive formulae at work in the specifi e Ambassador, and Th and eAmbassador, cantly to diff and uences on the practice. Th practice. on the uences Univermag is could be described as an in-built manifesto or set of or set manifesto in-built an as described be could is uence from a broad collection of individuals – peripheral –peripheral of individuals abroad collection from uence

Tinker, Tailor,Tinker, Soldier, Spy e Enthusiast, Th eEnthusiast, erent areas of practice development. Th of practice erent areas c parameters form the basis for a series of steps of steps for aseries basis formthe c parameters Department Store. Th ey were completely related by drivers, design design by drivers, werecompletely related ey e Educator. ese ese were: e Advocator, Th eAdvocator, rough the process of research and and of research process the rough eir eir infl accumulation of skills accumulation of skills c task of designing buildings, buildings, of designing ctask

We describe these infl We these describe Trubnaya . uences complement uences and

Th ese projects were very werevery projects ese ese characters have all erent toone another, e Entertainer, Th eEntertainer,

Offi ceBuilding, e ‘essence’ dent that uence is is uence e result through uential uential rough rough cially cially e c infl activities to a greater extent, to further the practice and as a form of Altruism. Th of aform Altruism. as and practice the tofurther extent, toagreater activities public in engaged has and culture; acorporate from management business learned has bybuilding; process building the learned has intuition; using designs practice: the that summarise can and areas these studied Here wehave public activities. and management, business process, building the design, areas: professional four into weredivided skills these From beginning, the self-taught. were consciously Skills Th professionally. developed set skill practice’s how the toclarify attempted wehave principles, similar Using beginnings coincided with the very beginning of a new era in Russia. Th Russia. in era of anew beginning very the with coincided beginnings conjecture here Our multifarious? so of work was body the why is is remained: A simple question straightforward – we believe that it is professions. creative because and practices of other the practice workings the a prompt as for understanding used be could posed questions the that believe and exciting discoveries We these found partners. monitored bythe is Spot Black the studio; tothe on release and of isolation locations in developed is Spot Black the fashion; ‘relay’ in working both involved Spot Black of the inception the Spot; Black of the sole guardians are partners the point: atthis of revelations anumber We involved. experienced byall protected and fully-supported project, acommunity through achieved was Spot Black of the representation literal almost project –Th a particular diff use partners two how the and place, takes where designing locations isolated the described We also have partners. the by policed is which place in system’ a‘security is there that suggested we have Th for aproject. idea main for the metaphor where does practice take place? Th how and –what, partners of the methods operating the tounderstand practice, of process actual the toinvestigate welooked process introspective of this part As involved. architecture of comprehension the and ordering for atool the such benefi is of work, there body varied and alarge with for apractice that question: the open left but diff we pursued operation, in components diff works the how are architectural the exercise identify to us this entitled We forms. organic mega-blocks,interlocking urban forms, facades, spirals, pixilated boxes, cylindrical into of works body the wedivided where on aexercise weembarked practice, of the architecture more the about tounderstand aquest In of practicing. amethod as today used to be identifi skills of groups four the that and of self-learning, process arduous tothe related directly confi uences is a good way of understanding the roots and components of practice. and roots the of way understanding agood is uences rmed to us that the struggles experienced in developing the practice were practice the developing in experienced struggles the that tous rmed . Investigating this subject we realised that almost all of our practice skills skills practice of our all almost that werealised subject this . Investigating ed are were fundamental to the practice’s development and continue continue development practice’s and tothe werefundamental are ed erent and more detailed investigations. However, we are convinced However, convinced weare investigations. moreerent detailed and erent and yet part of the same family? In search for an answer answer for an search In family? same of the part yet erent and e Church of St Barbara and the Holy Rosary – where an –where an Holy the Rosary and of St Barbara eChurch is is described in Chapter 12, 12, Chapter in described is is e relevant chapter is called called is chapter erelevant

Happy Families Happy Families erent work methods. We have highlighted highlighted have We methods. work erent rough sketch diagrams and conversations conversations and diagrams sketch rough

similar architectural groups: groups: architectural similar (Chapter 13). (Chapter Th e Accumulation of eAccumulation Th e Black Spot eBlack

Th e location is allowed t in using is , a

18. Asummaryofresearch andfindings

201 202 18. Asummaryofresearch andfindings Architect something in Moscow? meaningful Rather listing diff cultural than tobuild managed architects international few so –why have question the posed it Russia in closer is it to Britain in politics whereas closer is We to culture. have that tous it clear is culture, and politics between azone occupies architecture to step back and possibility the is situation bicultural look of the consequences interesting most One of the at both Russia and Britain objectively. environment. professional a of context the in For role its understand example, to exercise worthwhile a is it research of ifcourse the In practice. of architectural modes operating tothe clarity give of can roles briefi and plan master October Red latter, the the for and Israel, Pool Caesarea, of the in Pavilion example cited the former wehave For the project structure. of alarger part is ‘Collaborator’, architect the where of a other the and of aproject team, centre atthe stands architect the where only works in a true sense when it is purely cultural. As soon as politics or business business or politics as soon As events like cultural. purely that It seem would complicated. is becomes it collaboration involved, directly are when sense true a in works only exchange international decision: following atthe We arrived have an of architecture. made also have We schools of new opening the and time. of realm; public upgrade preservation; historical that since on regulations new architecture competitions; international in developments: of recent assessment problems and trends the at general looked have we accomplishment, this of view In nation. the of spirit the in collaboration, through achieved was building how that studied wehave practice, own 1936. in of our context Kolli the In Nikolai with Moscow’s Tsentrosoyus building on focused wehave problems, endemic social environments in which to practice. On detailed observation we believe that that believe we observation detailed On –one practice. ‘19 of the respect to this in roles two inhabits practice the which in environments social unconventional circumstances.answer In to this this way we is contrive that we ‘normal’ strive situations to be a ‘conventional and practice’, but operate in Th ataspecifi but of conditions one byaset formed trait, acommon is this We that of donot situations. believe toavariety attentions its turn toquickly practice the allows respond and research toadapt, ability the a range of project types. We refer to our adaptability as the the as We adaptability toour refer of project types. a range todesigning hands their turn could who –architects ‘generalists’ tobe us required and artistic interaction between Russia and the rest of the world. of the rest the and Russia between interaction artistic and ese non-specifi

(are we)? classifi webe How might Project Imagination Project c characteristics in turn led us to ask a further question: question: afurther toask us led turn in ccharacteristics can create a forum for dialogue for professional for professional for dialogue aforum create can Learning from Le Corbusier, ed? Th e most precise and straightforward straightforward and precise emost ng documents. Such investigation investigation Such documents. ng c moment. th Art ofElasticit Art century architect’, architect’, century who completed erences and and erences What y – was its driving force for many years. years. for force many driving its was Th (as bicultural) practice ofour nature the Understanding bicultural our of communities professional two the between development amediator as and practice future in role personal my Understanding change in Russia 3. adisciplinary facilitating in role practice of the the Understanding 2. (as bicultural) practice of our nature the Understanding 1. practice: toour fundamental found and process research this through explored points focal three the tohighlight like Iwould To summarise, of practice. community our within and profession architectural the impacton their and practice, the atwork in complexities and characteristics of the understanding We anew conclusions. reached have tested and articulated we have developed what was previously tacit knowledge, evolving consciously- Th statement: following the make to like Iwould conclusion, In process, in which each partner empowers the partner each which in process, licensing adynamic as ourselves between interactions the Weresult. now articulate a as culture unique athird, creating cultures, background two our tomix continue We beginnings. toits format on, asimilar in goes Even exchange today, this work afterwards. our shape and to motivate the Host’, both partners benefi Th Imagination. Project exchange, initial our since ever present been has quality this We that atwork. is believe scenario locations) two cultures, two individuals, the2x2x2(two –where biculturalism of refl aprocess We through decided have parameters forming the basis of our process. of our basis the forming parameters location-specifi with designing, our drive that principles guiding uncovered We orientations. have historical and social tocultural, approach considered a wetake but that in sense, stylistic the –not in contextual work is Our e bicultural aspect was fundamental to the establishment of the practice and and practice of the establishment tothe fundamental was aspect ebicultural is research refl research is ects on 20 years of practice. Th of practice. on years 20 ects tted from a bicultural arrangement which continued continued which arrangement abicultural from tted ere, via the scenario of ‘the Stranger and and of ‘the Stranger scenario the via ere,

other to pursue independent pathways. topursue other ection that ours is a ‘pure’ form of roughout the research process, process, research the roughout c 18. Asummaryofresearch andfindings

203 204 18. Asummaryofresearch andfindings or even ten years later. tenyears or even fi implemented three, werethen some of them progressive,but too timeas the at wererejected Most scales. of Moscow, city for of the various proposals strategic of anumber upwith come wehave years 20 last the Over initiatives. strategic our Th discourse. active development an without positive not any be could there that practice felt a responsibility Our profession. for the directions general the about and Russia in house private to advocate of the typology the about Moscow. in It provoked alot of discussion community for this process, as aprofound eff had followed we that of publications series the strongly believe fi probably the was ‘Th project Our work on houses. our private is Russia in environment professional input of into the our examples One of the activities. activities: design process, building process, business management, and public practice of our areas four all through implemented wehave change Russia, In services. professional and todetail attention living, for modern-day requirements with forged farmhouse, Russian traditional of the planning the from originated form and arrangements spatial whose House, Larch the project our is of this example Agood perspective. disciplinary international external toan connected time,we remain same the At of Russia. community are both grounded to the specifi work our and practice Our itself. profession within and community architectural within change adisciplinary Moscow, tofacilitate London and us led between Th inchange Russia adisciplinary facilitating in practice bicultural roleofthe the Understanding fi might others that believe we Russia, in quests. own their in useful research transformation cultural of period extraordinary toan form togive practice our through way the found wehave As practiced. and considered is architecture benefi be could of working way sensitive and dynamic todiff even and countries other to birthplaces their move people from as todevelop but bound is ours, as form 2x2x2 aliteral such It not may take widespread. be will practice through exchange tobenefi opportunities the that means Th architecture. not in just and – more commonplace become surely practicewill in biculturalism future, the In e fundamentally bicultural nature of our practice, and its bi-national positioning positioning bi-national its and practice, of our nature bicultural efundamentally e other angle of infl angle eother rst of its kind in the country. Th country. the in of kind its rst uence and change that weeff that change and uence e general mobility of people in our globalised world globalised our in of people mobility egeneral Th erent continents. c environmental conditions and architectural architectural and conditions c environmental t from long-term cultural and professional professional and long-termt from cultural e completion of this house and and house ecompletion of this ected within this areaconcerns e social implications of this e House in the Pine Forest’ Forest’ Pine the in eHouse cial to the way international international way tothe cial ect on the architectural architectural on the ect nd nd our ve, ve, to pursue such practice. such to pursue others encourage can research our that convinced world. Iam aglobalised role in important an play can practice bicultural nimble, the that shows research Our practices. A small practice is able to create opportunities and initiate and opportunities able tocreate is practice Asmall practices. bylarge engaged method the is management risk whereas practice, of small trait acore is Innovation partners. enjoyed two byits and run practice, asmall is Ours work independent own of specifi their toexamine empower others could of practice, complexities and workings the explore Th Government. or their inhibitions own of their hostages not become people will Russian the and found, be can grounds common dialogue, cultural and professional tocontinue myself like people are there long as for as that Ifeel cultures. two the between amediator as myself Isee Britain. and Russia in professions architectural between collaboration of process the role in personal my own it’s for metoclarify reason, For crucial this stopped or reversed. but not completely it be could time, for ashort paused or even down slowing be it might Russia, in happening still is of democratisation process inevitable an Ifi events But despite recent no tochange. power have and agree diffi very adiff from look country my own and back to step experience. by possibility the is situation bicultural of our consequences positive most One of the learning on and mentors, peripheral and disparate on intuition, on the benefi explored wehave process research the through and practitioners, We self-taught are communities professional two the between amediator roleas mypersonal Understanding realising. even without sometimes them, needs desperately so that tosociety concepts and ideas new tobring aresponsibility feel We boundaries. the pushing continue to vital it is frustrating, very it is although And end. atthe there get might but they experiences, everyday their beyond far Th a bicultural practice as that weunderstand research, this through we initiatives atthese back haveLooking an external international disciplinary perspective. e city, the clients or the society are not always ready for our ideas, which are so so are which ideas, for our ready not always are society or the ecity, clients the cult, almost painful, to see Russia taking course with which Idonot which with course taking Russia tosee painful, almost cult, ts of not being apprenticed in the traditional ways. Instead, our work relies work relies our Instead, ways. traditional the in apprenticed of notts being e methods and tools we use, and our determination to determination our and weuse, tools and emethods c cultural restraints. c cultural erent perspective. For meit is erent perspective. rmly believe that

projects. 18. Asummaryofresearch andfindings

205 206 Bibliography Lamster, Mark (University of Michigan 1932) of Michigan (University Trotsky, Leon Leon Trotsky, JeremyMelvin, 2000 Moscow 2007) moderna all’architecttura Guida Nekrasov eAndrej Manina Antonina con Alessandra Latur, Daniel Kahneman, 2002) (London J-LCohen, 2011)(France Chaubin, Frederic Architecture in Research Design Leon Schaik, van and Richard Blythe, Constant, Caroline Caroline Constant, Strongman, Cathy Cathy Strongman, Bruno Munari, 2006) Boris Kagarlitsky, (Rotterdam 2007) Steven Jacobs, 2001,(London 2012) Jeoff Hosking 2010) (USA Minkov Michael survival for importance its and H. Geert Hofstede, ofToday House the to Future ofthe House the Risselada Max denand van Dirk Heuval, Malcolm Gladwell, 1996) (London Orlando Figes, 1995) Erofeev, Andrey the City Catherine Cooke, (London 1995) (London Le Corbusier and the Mystique of the USSR ofthe Mystique the and Corbusier Le rey rey Th Th Architecture and Film and Architecture A People Tragedy: the Russian Revolution 1891–1924 Revolution Russian the Tragedy: A People e History of the Russian Revolution Russian ofthe eHistory Country Houses Today Houses Country e Wrong House: Th House: eWrong Design as Art as Design Non-Offi Russia and the Russians: From Earliest Times to Present to Times Earliest From Russians: the and Russia Russia under Yeltsin and Putin: neo-liberal Autocracy neo-liberal Putin: and Yeltsin under Russia CCCP: Cosmic Communist Constructions Photographed Photographed Constructions Communist Cosmic CCCP: Russian Avant-Garde: Th Avant-Garde: Russian Th Cultures and organizations: intercultural cooperation cooperation intercultural organizations: and Cultures Th Outliers – the story of success ofsuccess story –the Outliers Eileen Gray e sustainable home esustainable inking, Fast and Slow and Fast inking, cial Art: Soviet Artists of the 1960s ofthe Artists Soviet Art: cial (Editori Laferza 1966, London 2008) Laferza (Editori (London 2000) (London by Geet Hofstede, Gert Jan Hofstede and and Hofstede Jan Gert Hofstede, byGeet Murray Fraser (Ed.) Fraser Murray , (Bologna 1992 / Russian edition 1890– edition 1992, (Bologna /Russian e Architecture of Alfred Hitchcock ofAlfred eArchitecture What if design practice matters? matters? practice design if What (New York (New 2000) , John Wiley & Sons Ltd. (England (England Ltd. &Sons , John Wiley Merrell (London 2008) (London Merrell Alison and Peter Smithsons - from -from Smithsons Peter and Alison eories of Art, Architecture and and Architecture ofArt, eories (USA 2011) (USA (Rotterdam 2004) (USA 2008)

Ashgate (London 2013) (London Ashgate (Princeton 1991) (Princeton Mosca 1890–1991 Mosca (Australia (Australia

Research Program, Practice Makes Perfect Perfect Makes Practice Program, Research Leon, Schaik, van in Practice Leon Schaik, van (Melbourne 2011) RMIT at Research Practice Design Invitation: By Johnson, Anna and Leon Schaik, van Yeltsin, Boris No. 1400 pp. Oct. 82–88 CCXXXIV (Moscow 2000) (Wiley Academy, Chichester 2005) Academy, Chichester (Wiley Presidents Marathon: Th Mastering Architecture: Becoming a Creative Innovator Innovator aCreative Becoming Architecture: Mastering Tom Saunt, Deborah Holbrook Architecture & Design, By Practice, Practice, By &Design, Architecture oughts, Memories, Refl Memories, oughts, Th e Architectural Review eArchitectural 2013 RMIT Practice Practice 2013 RMIT onepointsixone onepointsixone ections Volume Volume