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Universidade Federal Da Paraíba Centro De Ciências UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS, LETRAS E ARTES COORDENAÇÃO DOS CURSOS DE GRADUAÇÃO PRESENCIAIS DE LICENCIATURA EM LETRAS CURSO DE LICENCIATURA EM LETRAS INGLÊS EDVALDO SANTOS DE LIRA POLITENESS AND MINORITIES: A LINGUISTIC-PRAGMATIC READING OF THE AMERICAN TV SHOW GLEE JOÃO PESSOA 2020 1 EDVALDO SANTOS DE LIRA POLITENESS AND MINORITIES: A LINGUISTIC-PRAGMATIC READING OF THE AMERICAN TV SHOW GLEE Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso submetido à Universidade Federal da Paraíba como parte dos requisitos necessários para a obtenção do Grau de Licenciado em Letras Inglês, sob orientação da Profa. Dra. Barbara Cabral Ferreira. JOÃO PESSOA 2020 2 3 EDVALDO SANTOS DE LIRA POLITENESS AND MINORITIES: A LINGUISTIC-PRAGMATIC READING OF THE AMERICAN TV SHOW GLEE Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso submetido à Universidade Federal da Paraíba como parte dos requisitos necessários para a obtenção do Grau de Licenciado em Letras Inglês. Aprovado em _______ de ____________________ de 2020. BANCA EXAMINADORA _________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Barbara Cabral Ferreira – UFPB Orientadora _________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Betânia Passos Medrado – UFPB Examinadora __________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Walison Paulino de Araújo Costa – UFPB Examinador __________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Anderson Alves de Souza – UFPB Suplente 4 To all the women in my life, especially, my mother (Ivonete) and my sister (Bia). I love you forever. 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS1 A Deus, por ser minha força; A meus pais, meus irmãos e meus sobrinhos, por todo o suporte durante esses quatro anos de curso; A Aline e Eluzia, por todo apoio e incentivo; A Wislayne e a Lenita, minhas amigas lindas que permanecem comigo desde o fim do Ensino Médio; A meus amigos e amigas que viveram comigo o desafio de morar em outra cidade e estudar na UFPB. Noelle, Roberta, Yara, Nathalia, Vilma, Claúdio e Janildo, obrigado por tudo! Não sei se teria conseguido sem vocês; A Emilly, Erik e Luanna, que me acolheram na metade do curso e permanecem comigo até hoje; As pessoas queridas que encontrei durante o curso. Em especial, Edmilson, Lauro, Thathy, Djeanne, Raíssa, Carol, Rafaella e Bia; A Léo e a Tammara, pelo apoio e companheirismo desde o primeiro período. Tenho muito orgulho de ter chegado até aqui junto com vocês; Ao núcleo Letras Inglês/Espanhol da Residência Pedagógica. Em especial, ao grupo Antônio Gomes: Aline, Emelyne, Léo, José Leonardo, Mayara, Kival, Janine, Paulo, Uênia, Verônica, fui muito privilegiado em ter trabalhado com vocês durante quase dois anos. Obrigado pela amizade e ensinamento. Profa. Betânia e Prof. Walison, faltam palavras para descrever a alegria que foi ter sido orientado por vocês. Serei eternamente grato! A Profa. Surya, a qual tive a honra de trabalhar junto durante dois lindos anos, no Projeto de escrita acadêmica. Obrigado por todos os conselhos e oportunidades de crescer pessoal e profissionalmente; A Prof. Anderson, agradeço por também ter me mostrado a beleza da escrita acadêmica. Obrigado pelas aulas incríveis de PLPT e Inglês Avançado I, e por ser um profissional tão humano; A todos os professores que tive a honra de ser aluno durante o curso. Em especial, Barbara, Barthyra, Jailine, Walison, Betânia, Anderson, Rubens, Fábio, Lúcia e Jeová. Obrigado por 1 I write in Portuguese to contemplate all the people I mention here. 6 todos os ensinamentos. Além de toda a experiência profissional, vocês me tornaram um professor mais humano. Muito obrigado! A Profa. Barbara, pelas orientações nesse trabalho, pela paciência e dedicação. Obrigado por ter me acolhido no primeiro semestre (fez toda a diferença ter sido seu aluno lá no primeiro período), e por ter me apresentado a beleza que é a Pragmática, em especial, a Teoria da Polidez. Esse trabalho existe por isso. Gratidão; A Profa. Betânia e Prof. Walison, por terem, prontamente, aceitado o convite para compor a banca. É uma honra ter vocês dois em um momento tão especial como este. Muito obrigado! Enfim, agradeço a vida por ter me permitido viver experiências tão marcantes. GRATIDÃO! 7 We’re the new romantics; the best people in life are free. Taylor Swift 8 ABSTRACT This paper aims at analyzing the American TV series Glee, in order to reflect on how the face, maxims, rules and strategies of the Politeness Theory are presented before characters who are read as part of a minority group, compared to characters seen as a majority. In the first chapter, we present reflections on Pragmatics as a linguistic field and discuss aspects of Politeness Theory, by Brown and Levinson (1987). In the second chapter, we present discussion on minority groups, as well as reflections on representation, language, and meaning. In the third chapter, we discuss the methodological procedures of the research. Our corpus is composed of excerpts that were analyzed from a qualitative-interpretative perspective. This paper relies mainly on the contributions of scholars such as Levinson (1993), Thomas (1995), and Yule (1996) and their study in the field of Pragmatics; and Brown and Levinson (1987) and their investigation on politeness. We also rely on reflections by authors who discuss representation, language, and meaning (MOSCOVICI, 2000; JODELETE, 1986; 2001; HALL, 1997; 2005; SOARES, 2007). In chapter four, we reflect on Glee as a TV show that represents multiple realities through fiction. In addition, we present the characters involved in the excerpts to, finally, offer an analysis of the excerpts selected from four episodes of the series. The excerpts selected allow us to reflect on the discrepancies in the interactions that involve characters considered to be a minority compared to characters read as a majority. As a result of our analysis, it became evident that politeness, highlighted in the excerpts, was primarily used towards characters considered the majority. Concerning minority groups, impoliteness, mainly displayed by the principal and the teacher, prevailed. Keywords: Glee; Politeness Theory; Minorities. 9 RESUMO Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a série de TV americana Glee, a fim de refletir como as faces, as máximas, as regras e as estratégias da Teoria da Polidez são apresentadas diante de personagens lidos como parte de um grupo minoritário, em comparação com personagens tidos como maioria. No primeiro capítulo, apresentamos reflexões acerca da Pragmática como campo linguístico e discutimos os aspectos da Teoria da Polidez, de Brown e Levinson (1987). No segundo capítulo, apresentamos discussão acerca dos grupos minoritários, além de reflexões sobre representação, língua e produção de sentido. No terceiro capítulo, discutimos os procedimentos metodológicos da pesquisa. Nosso corpus é composto de excertos que foram analisados a partir de um viés qualitativo-interpretativista. Esse trabalho se fundamenta, principalmente, nas contribuições de autores como Levinson (1993), Thomas (1995) e Yule (1996) e suas pesquisas no campo da Pragmática; e Brown e Levinson (1987) e seus estudo sobre a polidez. Nos sustentamos também em reflexões de autores que discutem representação, língua e significado (MOSCOVICI, 2000; JODELETE, 1986; 2001; HALL, 1997; 2005; SOARES, 2007). No capítulo quatro, refletimos sobre Glee como um programa de TV que representa múltiplas realidades através da ficção. Além disso, apresentamos os personagens envolvidos nos excertos para, finalmente, oferecer uma análise dos excertos selecionados a partir de quatro episódios de série. Os trechos selecionados nos possibilitam refletir sobre as discrepâncias nas interações que envolvem personagens considerados minoria em comparação com personagens lidos como maioria. Como resultado da nossa análise, ficou evidenciado que a polidez, destacada nos excertos, se deu primordialmente sobre personagens considerados maioria. Diante grupos minoritários, a impolidez, principalmente parte do diretor e do professor, prevaleceu. Palavras-chave: Glee; Teoria da Polidez; Minorias. 10 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1 – Finn Hudson...................................................................................................... 42 Figure 2 – Rachel Berry...........................................................…....................................... 43 Figure 3 – Quinn Fabray………………………………………. ....................................... 44 Figure 4 – Kurt Hummel..................................................................................................... 45 Figure 5 – Mercedes Jones……………………………………………... .......................... 46 Figure 6 – Principal Figgins................................................................................................ 47 Figure 7 – Santana Lopez.................................................................................................... 48 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 12 1 PRAGMATICS AND POLITENESS .............................................................................. 15 1.1 PRAGMATICS: DEFINITION AND FIELD OF STUDY ................................................. 15 1.2 POLITENESS THEORY ............................................................................................... 18 1.2.1 Politeness Rules ......................................................................................................... 18 1.2.2 Politeness Maxims .....................................................................................................
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