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Geology of the Ara-Cinca Region, Spanish Pyrenees, Province of Huesca

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Geology of the Ara-Cinca Region, Spanish Pyrenees, Province of Huesca GEOLOGY OF THE ARA-CINCA REGION, SPANISH PYRENEES, PROVINCE OF HUESCA (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COMPARTMENTATION OF THE FLYSCH BASIN) Dit proefschrift is tevens de 16e aflevering van de GEOLOGICA ULTRAIECTINA (Mededelingen van het Geologisch Instituut der Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht) This thesis is published as no. 16 of the series GEOLOGICA ULTRAIECTINA (Publications of the "Geologisch Instituut" of the Utrecht State University) GEOLOGY OF THE ARA-CINCA REGION, SPANISH PYRENEES' PROVINCE OF HUESCA. Thesis, Utrecht, 1970. H.A. van Lunsen. Geologica Ultraiectina, 16. Chapter III.D.8, San Vicente Formation, prefIx A. Chapter III.D.8, Burgase Formation, prefIx B. p. 28 left column, 4th line from below, Fig. 2 is Fig. 3 p. 29 right column, 3rd line from above, Fig. 3 is Fig. 2 p. 36 text Fig. 6, 3rd line from below "upper right" has to be "lower left" p. 36 text Fig. 7, add "scale 1:27" p. 54 left column, 11th line from below "The phenomenen ..." has to be "This phenomenon ..." p. 55 Fig. 25A to be replaced by the fIgure shown below p. 69 right column, 9th line from below "In section IlL." has to be "In this section ..." p. 69 right column, 3rd line from below, "more or less" has to be "more and less" p. 70 right column, 9th line from below, "southerly" has to be "from the south" p. 75 left column, 3rd line from below, Fig. 52 p. 87 left column, 9th line from above "Ghast-structures, has to be "Ghost-structures" p. 99 right column, 3rd line from above "Gallinera" has to be "Metils" p.102 Fig. 55. Replace synclinal symbols of the Boltana Anticline by anticlinal symbols. Appendix 1. Add anticlinal symbols to the Boltana Anticline GEOLOGY OF THE ARA-CINCA REGION, SPANISH PYRENEES, PROVINCE OF HUESCA (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COMPARTMENTATION OF THE FLYSCH BASIN) GEOLOGY OF THE ARA-CINCA REGION, SPANISH PYRENEES, PROVINCE OF HUESCA (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO COMPARTMENTATION OF THE FLYSCH BASIN) PROEFSCHRIFT TER VERKRIJGING VAN DE GRAAD VAN DOcrOR IN DE WISKUNDE EN NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN AAN DE RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT TE UTRECHT, OP GEZAG VAN DE RECTOR MAGNIFICUS PROF.DR. F. VAN DER BLIJ VOLGENS BESLUIT VAN DE SENAAT IN HET OPENBAAR TE VERDEDIGEN OP WOENSDAG 28 OcrOBER 1970 DES NAMIDDAGS TE 4.15 UUR DOOR HENDRIKUS ANTONIUS VAN LUNSEN GEBOREN OP 10 JANUARI 1937 TE UTRECHT 1970 DRUKKERIJ BRONDER-DFFSET N.V. ROTTERDAM PROMOTOR: PROF.DR. M.G. RUTTEN STELLINGEN I De, door Andrusov, op grond van accumulatieve diktebepalingen aan Flysch-type afzettingen, getrokken kon­ klusiesomtrent het stabiele geosynklinale karakter van de Noord Karpaten, zijn aanvechtbaar. D. Andrusov, 1967. Geol. Rundsch., 560). II Het voorkomen van rolstenen met zuideIijke aanvoer in de Lutetien Flysch van het Ara-Cinca gebied, wijst op de aanwezigheid van een landmassa in het Ebro gebied. Dit proefschrift. III Bovengenoemde rolstenen bestaan voor een deel uit mariene kalken van Jura en Onder Krijt ouderdom, wat in overeenstemming is met Perconig's bewering dat het zogenaamde Ebro Hoog toen niet bestond. E. Perconig, 1968. Brill, Leiden. Dit proefschrift. IV De evenwijdig tegengestelde aanvoerrichtingen in de Flysch van de westelijke Spaanse Pyreneeen, wijst eerder op ongelijktijdigheid dan op gelijktijdigheid van de afzettingen. H.B. Voort, 1964. Geol. Rundsch., 53. V Het optreden van slumps in Flysch-type afzettingen, kan wijzen zowel op een ontstaan tengevolge van lokale verstoringen van de trog-bodem als op snelle evenwijdige verplaatsingen van de trag-as gedurende de Flysch-phase. Ph.H. Kuenen, 1967. Sedimentology, 9. Dit proefschrift. VI De afwezigheid van schistes-Iustrees rolstenen in de sub-alpiene en Apennijnen Flysch van Noord Italie, is geen afdoende argument voor het later plaatsen van het tijdstip van de dynamo-metamorfose van het Penninikum. R.B. Behrmann, 1958. Geotekt. Forsch., 12. VII De opvatting van Gorier c.s. over de mise en place van olisthostromen wordt tegengesproken op grond van waarnemingen aan kleine olisthostromen in het Ara-Cinca gebied. Deze laatsten tonen al duidelijk erosieve werking. K. Gorler und K.J. Reutter, 1968. Geol. Rundsch., 57 (2). Dit proefschrift. VIII Het grover worden van de terrigene detritus in oostelijke richting, in de Boven Krijt-Paleoceen serie van de Centraal Spaanse Pyreneeen, is geen afdoende argument voor een aanvoer van de detritus uit het oosten. E. van de Ve1de, 1967. Estudios Geo1ogicos, 23. J. van E1sberg, 1968. Estudios Geo1ogicos, 24. G.F.J. Jeurissen, 1969. Geologica U1traiectina, 10. Dit proefschrift. IX Mattauer's opvatting over het ontstaan van satelliet-massieven aan de noordzijde van de oostelijke Pyreneeen, houdt geen rekening met de mogelijkheid van horizontale bewegingen langs de Noord Pyreneeen randbreuk. M. Mattauer, 1968. Rev. Geogr. Phys. GeoJ. Dyn., 2 (10). X "The Southern Mesozoic Zone (of the Pyrenees) has the peculiarity that the thick horizontal Oligocene con­ glomerate blanket dips a few degrees toward the centre of the mountain chain. Evidently a collapse of the axial zone preceded the youngest upheaval". L.u. de Sitter, 1958, p.430 (dtaat) Bezwaren: a) "horizontal", moet zijn "sub-horizontal". b) het Zuid pyreneeen Oligoceen is zwak geplooid, zodat meting van dips over grote afstand niet zinvol is. c) in conglomeraten zijn dips van enkele graden, over korte afstand, praktisch niet meetbaar. d) conglomeraten hebberi vaak scheve gelaagdheid waarvan de hellingen grater kunnen zijn dan enkele graden. e) het onderste deel van de Zuid Pyreneeen Molasse behoort weIlicht nog tot het Boven Eoceen. Konklusie: "a collapse of the axial zone" is uit het citaat niet klaarblijkelijk. XI Bij het gebruik van tracers ter bepaling van grondwater stromings-patronen en debiet verdelingen, verdient het aanbeveling, de tijdsduur van de experimenten voldoende groot te maken, om het nakomen van tracers langs een langere (diepere) weg te kunnen registreren. D.J. Burden, et aI., 1963. Proc. Symp. AppJ. Radio Isot. Hydr., Tokyo. J. Toth, 1965. Thesis, Utrecht. XII Produceren, in de moderne betekenis van het woord, is het namaken (vermenigvuldigen) van proto-types van een object. In strikte zin, zou men dit reproduceren moe ten noemen, het product, een reproductie. XIII Sedert de senaatszaal van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht is uitgerust met een electrisch uurwerk van meer dan normale afmeting, is het "hora est" overbodig geworden. H.A. van Lunsen Utrecht, 28 oktober, 1970. Aan Tonnie Aan onze ouders CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ..... 10 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (WOORD VOORAF) 13 SUMMARY 16 RESUMEN 18 RESUME . 20 SAMENVATTING 22 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 25 A. General 25 B. Purpose of the study 25 C. Location of the region 25 D. Methods of investigation 25 E. Previous authors 26 F. Some geographical remarks 27 CHAPTER II. GEOMORPHOLOGY 28 A. Introduction 28 B. Glaciation 28 C. Stream erosion 29 D. Miscellaneous . 30 CHAPTER III. STRATIGRAPHY 31 A. Introduction 31 B. Upper Cretaceous-Palaeocene 33 1. Estrecho Formation (Campanian)33 2. Tozal Formation (Maastrichtian) 33 3. Salarons Formation (Lower Dano/Montian) 34 4. Gallinera Formation (Montian-L.Ilerdian) 34 Introduction 34 Lithologic character and thickness 34 Fossil content and age 35 Developments of the Gallinera Formation outside our region 37 5. Millaris Formation (Middle Ilerdian? ) 38 Lithologic character 38 Fossil content and age 38 Thickness and distribution of the Millaris Formation 40 6. MetiIs Formation (Upper Ilerdian-L.Cuisian) 41 Lithologic character and thickness 41 Fossil content and age 42 Distribution and other developments of the MetiIs Formation 42 C. Remarks on the direction of supply of terrigenous matter within the Cretaceous-Palaeocene sequence of the Western Spanish Pyrenees 43 D. Eocene 45 7. Marina Formation (Cuisian) 45 . Introduction ..... 45 Lithologic character and thickness 45 a. Flysch-type member 45 b. Lower nodular limestone and marl member 46 c. Lower sandy limestone and marl member 47 d. Upper nodular limestone and marl member 48 e. Nodular limestone member . 50 f. Upper sandy limestone and marl member 51 Fossil content and age of the Marina Formation 52 Remarks concerning abrupt changes in thickness of the Marina Formation 54 8. Flysch-type Formations (Cuisian? -Lutetian) 56 General introduction 56 Directions of detrital supply 58 Carbonate content of the graded beds and marls 59 Burgase Formation (Cuisian? -Lutetian) 62 Lithologic character and thickness 62 Remarks on the A1a-member and the base of the Burgase Formation 63 Remarks concerning the thickness of the Burgase Formation 66 San Vicente Formation (Cuisian? -Lutetian) ..... 68 Fossil content and age of the Flysch-type Formations 71 Introduction 71 Fossil content and age of the Burgase Formation . 71 Fossil content and age of the San Vicente Formation 73 Concluding remarks 73 SEDIMENTOLOGICAL CHARACTER AND COMPONENTS OF THE PEBBLY MUD­ STONES AND CONGLOMERATIC BEDS OF THE FLYSCH-TYPE FORMATIONS 74 Introduction 74 San Vicente Formation . 74 (1) Barranco de Ascaso 74 (2) Barranco de Ferrera 78 (3) Confluence of the Barranco de Trassierra and the Rio Ara 78 (4) Path from Muro to San Vicente 78 (5) Barranco de San Martin . 79 (6) Barranco de la Sierra 81 (7) Upper course of the Barranco north of Labuerda 82 (8) Barranco del Estafiuela 82 (9) Road exposure south of Ainsa 83 Burgase Formation 87 (10) Rio Aso north of Fanlo 87 (11) Path to Burgase north-west of Yeba 87 (J 2) Barranco de Santiago 89 Conclusions ..................... 90 NOTES ON THE PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE FLYSCH-TYPE FORMATIONS 90 Introduction 90 The basal nonconformity 91 A small-size submarine canyori 91 Salt-diapyrism as a source and trigger of detrital supply in the San Vicente Formation 91 Compartmentation of the Flysch-basin 93 Inversion of lateral differences in facies between the Burgase Formation and the San Vicente Formation . 93 Tecto-sedimentary compartmentation of the Flysch-basin 94 Cannibalism of older Flysch? 94 9. Fiscal Formation (Biarritzian? ) 95 Lithologic character and thickness 95 Fossil content and age 95 10.
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