The Sage of Concord: Ralph Waldo Emerson and Integrity
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Heroic Individualism: the Hero As Author in Democratic Culture Alan I
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2006 Heroic individualism: the hero as author in democratic culture Alan I. Baily Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Baily, Alan I., "Heroic individualism: the hero as author in democratic culture" (2006). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1073. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1073 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. HEROIC INDIVIDUALISM: THE HERO AS AUTHOR IN DEMOCRATIC CULTURE A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Political Science by Alan I. Baily B.S., Texas A&M University—Commerce, 1999 M.A., Louisiana State University, 2003 December, 2006 It has been well said that the highest aim in education is analogous to the highest aim in mathematics, namely, to obtain not results but powers , not particular solutions but the means by which endless solutions may be wrought. He is the most effective educator who aims less at perfecting specific acquirements that at producing that mental condition which renders acquirements easy, and leads to their useful application; who does not seek to make his pupils moral by enjoining particular courses of action, but by bringing into activity the feelings and sympathies that must issue in noble action. -
Melville's Quarrel with the Transcendentalists
-. MELVILLE'S QUARREL WITH THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS A Monograph Pl:>esented to the Faculty of the Department of English Morehead State University ' . In Partial Fulfillmen~ of the Requirements for the Degree ''I Master-of Al>ts by Ina Marie Lowe August 1970 ' Accepted by the faculty of the School. of ft,,._11114.4 ; f:i~ 5 • Morehead State University, in partial. fulfil.l.ment of the require- ments for the Master of _ _,_A,.l'.._t".._.:i._ ____ degree, TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. Introduction . ••...••..••.•.••..••.•.•........•..•.• , .•.•.•• l II. Melville and Transcendental Idealism ••••••••••••••••••••••• 3 III. Melville and Transcendental Intellectualism •••••••••••••••••• 18 IV. Melville and 'l'X'anscendental Optimism and Innocence ••••••••• 36 v. Summary and Conclusion ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 56 BIBLIOGRAPHY • •••••••••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , , •••••• , • , • 59 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Melvill.e has usually been considered either as one of the Trans cendental writers or as having been influenced by Transcendental thought. There has been a critical acceptance of the thesis that Melville began as a Transcendentalist; then, as he grew older and presumably less wise in the romantic sense, he eschewed his early idealism and opted for an acceptance of moral expediency and com plicity. The beginning hypothesis of this study will be that Melville, although he could be said to share some of Transcendentalism's secondary ideas and attitudes, objected to many of the Transcend alists' most cherished beliefs. In fact, one can say that, rather than being a Transcendentalist writer, Melville was an anti Transcendentalist writer, constitutionally and intellectuall.y unable to accept the Transcendental view of life. In advancing the argument of this study, the critical works of Melvillean scholars will be considered for the light they may throw upon Transcendental influence on Melville's work. -
Ralph Waldo Emerson and Thomas Carlyle on Slavery
B093509 1 Examination Number: B093509 Title of work: Ralph Waldo Emerson and Thomas Carlyle on Slavery: Transatlantic Dissentions and Philosophical Connections Programme Name: MSc United States Literature Graduate School of Literatures, Languages & Cultures University of Edinburgh Word count: 15 000 Thomas Carlyle (1854) Ralph Waldo Emerson (1857) Source: archive.org/stream/pastandpresent06carlgoog#page/n10/mode/2up Source: ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/e/emerson/ralph_waldo/portrait.jpg B093509 2 Ralph Waldo Emerson and Thomas Carlyle on Slavery: Transatlantic Dissentions and Philosophical Connections Table of Contents Introduction 3 Chapter One: On Slavery and Labor: Racist Characterizations and 7 Economic Justifications Chapter Two On Democracy and Government: Ruling Elites and 21 Moral Diptychs Chapter Three On War and Abolition: Transoceanic Tensions and 35 Amicable Resolutions Conclusion 49 Bibliography 51 B093509 3 Introduction In his 1841 essay on “Friendship”, Ralph Waldo Emerson defined a “friend” as “a sort of paradox in nature” (348). Perhaps emulating that paradoxical essence, Emerson’s essay was pervaded with constant contradictions: while reiterating his belief in the “absolute insulation of man” (353), Emerson simultaneously depicted “friends” as those who “recognize the deep identity which beneath these disparities unites them” (“Friendship” 350). Relating back to the Platonic myth of recognition, by which one’s soul recognizes what it had previously seen and forgotten, Emerson defined a friend as that “Other” in which one is able to perceive oneself. As Johannes Voelz argued in Transcendental Resistance, “for Emerson, friendship … is a relationship from which we want to extract identity. Friendship is a relationship from which we seek recognition” (137). Indeed, Emerson was mostly concerned with what he called “high friendship” (“Friendship” 350) - an abstract ideality, which inevitably creates “a tension between potentiality and actuality” (Voelz 136). -
LM Findlay in the French Revolution: a History
L. M. Findlay "Maternity must forth": The Poetics and Politics of Gender in Carlyle's French Revolution In The French Revolution: A History ( 1837), Thomas Carlyle made a remarkable contribution to the history of discourse and to the legiti mation and dissemination of the idea of history qua discourse.' This work, born from the ashes of his own earlier manuscript, an irrecover able Ur-text leading us back to its equally irrecoverable 'origins' in French society at the end of the eighteenth century, represents a radical departure from the traditions of historical narrative.2 The enigmas of continuity I discontinuity conveyed so powerfully by the events of the Revolution and its aftermath are explored by Carlyle in ways that re-constitute political convulsion as the rending and repair of language as cultural fabric, or. to use terms more post-structuralist than Carlyl ean, as the process of rupture/suture in the rhetoric of temporality.3 The French Revolution, at once parodic and poetic, provisional and peremptory, announces itself as intertextual, epigraphic play, before paying tribute to the dialogic imagination in a series of dramatic and reflective periods which resonate throughout the poetry and prose of the Victorian period. In writing what Francis Jeffrey considered "undoubtedly the most poetical history the world has ever seen- and the most moral also,"4 Carlyle created an incurably reflexive idiom of astonishing modernity. And an important feature of this modernity indeed, a feature that provides a salutary reminder of the inevitably relative, historically mediated modernity of the discourse of periods earlier than our own - is the employment of countless versions of human gender to characterize and to contain the phenomenon of revolution. -
Further Exploration of the Thought of Self-Reliance with the Concept of Compensation and Vocation
ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 3, No. 8, pp. 1448-1452, August 2013 © 2013 ACADEMY PUBLISHER Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/tpls.3.8.1448-1452 Further Exploration of the Thought of Self-reliance with the Concept of Compensation and Vocation Haijing Liang School of Foreign Language, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China Abstract—Ralph Waldo Emerson is a theorist of active self-reliance as the search for power and the energy; he is also a theorist of compensation. This is a complex idea on Emerson’s version. The most relevant aspect of it for the way of life is compensation as the fate that must be endured by an actively self-reliant individual prone to repeated efforts of ever more ample self-definition. The net result of the law of compensation is that the adventurous or experimental person is overtaken. He or she is encircled, limited, thrown back. From one perspective, there is no progress, no ascendant movement, no breaking out. If what is circular is compensatory, it is not progressive. Index Terms—self-reliance, individualism, compensation, vocation I. A COMPLEX IDEA OF SELF-RELIANCE--COMPENSATION A. The Theory of Compensation Reassuring that Every Wrong Done Is Paid for In Compensation, Emerson struggles to put forth the moral idea of compensation. Its preponderant effect is a qualification of his exuberance, even though it also attempts to convert despair into hope. Emerson includes within the theory of compensation the reassurance that every wrong done is paid for, just as every is rewarded, and every unlucky disadvantage has a corresponding strength. -
The Carlyle Society Papers
THE CARLYLE SOCIETY SESSION 2013-2014 OCCASIONAL PAPERS 26 • Edinburgh 2013 1 2 President’s Letter 2013-14 will be a year of changes for the Carlyle Society of Edinburgh. Those of you who receive notification of meetings by email will already have had the news that, after many years, we are leaving 11 Buccleuch Place. We have enjoyed the hospitality of Lifelong Learning for decades but they, too, are moving. So we are meeting – for this year – in the seminar room on the first floor of 18 Buccleuch Place. There is one flight of stairs (I used it for decades! It’s not bad) and we will be comfortably housed there. Usual time. The Carlyle Letters are moving steadily towards the completion of the correspondence of Thomas and Jane; with Jane’s death in 1866 we will have published all the known letters between them, and we plan to tidy off the process with some papers from the months immediately following her death, and papers more recently come to light, namely volumes 43-44. The Carlyle Letters Online are also moving steadily to catch up with the published volumes. Volume 40 was celebrated with a public lecture in Autumn 2012; volume 41 will appear in printed form in about a month’s time, and the materials for volume 42 will be going to Duke in about a week’s time from when these words are written. We are grateful to the English Literature department for access to our new premises in 18 Buccleuch Place; to Andy Laycock of the University’s printing department for Herculean efforts with our annual papers; to those members who now accept their annual mailing in electronic form, a huge saving in time and money. -
Malecka, Joanna Aleksandra (2013) Between Herder and Luther
Malecka, Joanna Aleksandra (2013) Between Herder and Luther: Carlyle’s literary battles with the devil in his Jean Paul Richter Essays (1827, 1827, 1830) and in Sartor Resartus (1833-34). MPhil(R) thesis http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4343/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] Between Herder and Luther: Carlyle’s literary battles with the devil in his Jean Paul Richter Essays (1827, 1827, 1830) and in Sartor Resartus (1833-34). A thesis presented for the degree of Master of Philosophy in the Department of Scottish Literature at the University of Glasgow, November 2012 by Joanna Aleksandra Malecka. (c) Joanna Malecka 2012 If you want to see his monument, look at this dunghill. Thomas Carlyle, Sartor Resartus1 1 Thomas Carlyle, Sartor Resartus in Sartor Resartus, Heroes and Hero Worship, Past and Present (London: Ward, Lock & Bowden) undated c1900, p. 93: ‘Si monumentum quaeris, fimetum adspice’; subsequently referred to as SR. 1 Abstract ‘Between Herder and Luther: Carlyle’s literary battles with the devil in his Jean Paul Richter essays (1827, 1827, 1830) and in Sartor Resartus (1833-34)’ examines the position allocated to the representation of the devil in Carlyle’s early religious thought. -
Alexis De Tocqueville, John Stuart Mill and Thomas Carlyle on Democracy
ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE, JOHN STUART MILL AND THOMAS CARLYLE ON DEMOCRACY GEORGE HENRY WILLIAM CURRIE SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY 1 STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY I, George Henry William Currie, confirm that the research included within this thesis is my own work or that where it has been carried out in collaboration with, or supported by others, that this is duly acknowledged below and my contribution indicated. Previously published material is also acknowledged below. I attest that I have exercised reasonable care to ensure that the work is original, and does not to the best of my knowledge break any UK law, infringe any third party’s copyright or other Intellectual Property Right, or contain any confidential material. I accept that the College has the right to use plagiarism detection software to check the electronic version of the thesis. I confirm that this thesis has not been previously submitted for the award of a degree by this or any other university. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. Signature: Date: 2 ABSTRACT The aim of this thesis is to examine and compare the thought of Alexis de Tocqueville, John Stuart Mill and Thomas Carlyle on modern democracy. Throughout their works, Tocqueville, Mill and Carlyle showed a profound engagement with the phenomenon of democracy in their era. It was the crux around which their wider reflections on the period revolved. -
The Impact of Emerson's Transcendentalism on Modern
PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Tlemcen Faculty of Letters and Languages English Department Section of English The Impact of Emerson’s Transcendentalism on Modern America An Extended Essay Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Master’s Degree in Anglo-Saxon Literature and Civilization Presented by Supervised by Miss. Hayet Mahmoudi Dr. Daoudi Frid And Co-supervised by Mrs. Asma Yahi Miss. Djamila Belkhatir BOARD OF EXAMINERS Dr. Wassila Mouro Chairwoman Dr. Daoudi Frid Supervisor Miss. Djamila Belkhatir Co-supervisor Mr. Omar Rahmoun Examiner 2016/2017 Dedication I dedicate this work to my parents for raising me to believe that everything is possible. To my husband Amine, who really encouraged me to fly toward my dreams. To my sisters Sara, Rafika, Amaria and Malika and my brother Mohamed. And to all my friends especially Hayet who shared me this work. Asma Yahi I Dedication I dedicate this work to my parents for their efforts in upbringing me, in giving me the chance to be in this level, for their efforts in raising and supporting me financially and morally throughout my life, thank you my beloved parents. To my brothers Mohammed, Djamel, and Nabil and my sisters Nouria, Samira, Houria, Amina, and Khadija. To my fiancé Nabil who kept encouraging me all the time in order to reach my goals. To my nephews and nieces, especially Amina. To all my friends, especially Amel and Asma . Hayet Mahmoudi II Acknowledgements This thesis would have never been accomplished without help, guidance, and encouragements of our supervisor Dr. -
The Works of Thomas Carlyle
This book is DUF'On *he last date stamped below SOUTHERN BRANCH, IIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. LIBRARY, CENTENARY EDITION THE WORKS OF THOMAS CARLYLE I N T H I It T Y V O L U M E S VOL. XI THE LIFE OF JOHN STERLING THOMAS CARLYLE THE LIFE OF JOHN STERLING IN ONE VOLUME « - • - • 1 » , Originally published 1851 £ 3 k v. W CONTENTS INTRODUCTION vu PART I CHAP. I. Introductory .... vi THE LIFE OF JOHN STERLING CHAP. PAGE IV. To Bordeaux ISO V. To Madeira 143 VI. Literature: The Sterling Club . .154 160 VII. Italy ... 3 ...... PART III I. Clifton 1§ 3 II. Two Winters 197 208 III. Falmouth : Poems 224 IV. Naples : Poems V. Disaster on Disaster 234 248 VI. Ventnor : Death .....•• VII. Conclusion 262 Summary ......••• 269 Index .,,....••• 277 PORTRAIT OF JOHN STERLING . frontispiece INTRODUCTION If Mr. Froude was right in his conjecture as to the ci*eative to origin of the Life of Sterling, the world owes more a country house symposium than it is generally aware of. For it is believed by Carlyle's biographer that the final impulse to this work was derived from a conversation at Lord Ashburton's, in which Carlyle and Bishop Thirlwall became involved in an 'animated theological discussion/ carried on in the presence of several other literary notables whom he names. What was its precise subject he does its not tell us ; result, that is, its immediate result, we do not need to be told. It ended, beyond all possible doubt, in leaving the disputants exactly where they were at starting. -
The Hero As Man of Letters”
“THE HERO AS MAN OF LETTERS”: INTELLECTUAL POLITICS AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ROMANTIC EPIC By Copyright 2013 Eric S. Hood Ph.D., University of Kansas 2013 Submitted to the Department of English and the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy __________________________________ Chairperson: Ann Rowland Committee Members:__________________________________ Philip Barnard __________________________________ Anna Neill __________________________________ Dorice Elliott __________________________________ Leslie Tuttle Date Defended: 08/30/2013 ii The Dissertation Committee for Eric S. Hood certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis/dissertation: “THE HERO AS MAN OF LETTERS”: INTELLECTUAL POLITICS AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE ROMANTIC EPIC __________________________________ Ann Rowland _______________________08/30/2013__ Date Approved iii Abstract Although the thirty years from 1794 to 1824 saw the production of more epic poetry than any other period in British literary history, the epic’s function within the culture of Romanticism remains largely misunderstood and neglected. The problem in theorizing the Romantic epic stems from the uncommon diversity of epic performances during this period and from the epic’s sudden reappearance after a long period of apparent dormancy in the eighteenth century. When the Romantic epic is defined, however, not as poetic form but as a repeated political act, the epic’s eighteenth-century -
© 2013 Jennifer R. Raterman ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
© 2013 Jennifer R. Raterman ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THE NOVEL OF TRANSLATION: MULTILINGUALISM AND THE ETHICS OF READING By JENNIFER R. RATERMAN A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Comparative Literature written under the direction of David Kurnick Rebecca Walkowitz and approved by ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey May 2013 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Novel of Translation: Multilingualism and the Ethics of Reading by JENNIFER R. RATERMAN Dissertation Directors: Rebecca Walkowitz David Kurnick In nineteenth-century Europe, the nation emerged as the dominant organizing structure for cultural community. Languages became national languages and prominent intellectuals began to understand translation as a nationalist enterprise. But novelists increasingly used translation in another way: as a means to invite readers into potential group affiliation beyond national borders. The legacy of this challenge to national identification is the structural transformation of the novel’s address to its audience. My dissertation locates this transformation in the works of four major novelists who begin their careers as critics and translators but turn to narrative as the mode best suited to their examination of political and ethical sociality. I move from Thomas Carlyle’s fictional translation and Germaine de Staël’s Romantic-era theories of national character to George Eliot’s narratives of cosmopolitan sympathy and Virginia Woolf’s interrogation of the communicative potential of private or, as she calls them, “little” languages. In each case, I reveal how translation is central to the writer’s specifically narrative intervention in ii their readers’ conception of community, and I demonstrate that the novel’s turn to translation radically reorients the genre.