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A Basic Linguistic Analysis of Koshin [“Beboid" Bantu, Cameroon]

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A Basic Linguistic Analysis of Koshin [“Beboid THE UNIVERSITY OF YAOUNDÉ I UNIVERSITÉ DE YAOUNDÉ I ******** ********** POST GRADUATE SCHOOL FOR THE CENTRE DE RECHERCHE ET DE SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL FORMATION DOCTORALE EN SCIENCES SCIENCES HUMAINES, SOCIALES ET ********** ÉDUCATIVES DOCTORAL RESEARCH UNIT FOR *********** SOCIAL SCIENCES UNITÉ DE RECHERCHE ET DE ********** FORMATION DOCTORALE EN SCIENCES HUMAINES ET SOCIALES *********** How to Disclose the Environment through Linguistic Description: A Basic Linguistic Analysis of Koshin [“Beboid" Bantu, Cameroon] A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Linguistics By: OUSMANOU, “Licence” in Spanish, University of Yaoundé I “Maîtrise” in Linguistics, University of Yaoundé I “DEA” in Linguistics, University of Yaoundé I UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF: Philippe Ngessimo Mathe MUTAKA, Professor, University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé, December 2014 ii DEDICATION To our beloved children T.M Virina Ousmanou A. Dabida Moumpou Ousmanou M. Lissouwa Ousmanou And our adoptive daughter C. L. Tchuenté As a sign of encouragement for more determination in life iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Without the contribution of some people, this thesis could not have been carried out. First of all, we would like to express our gratitude to Pr Mutaka. More than a research supervisor, he has been and is still our master in many other aspects of life. We owe a great deal to Pr J. Good from the University at Buffalo who, through the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Department of Linguistics, the National Endowment for the Humanities, and the University at Buffalo College of Arts and Sciences, provided us with substantial financial help throughout this research. We are very grateful to Pr B. S. Chumbow, a first-class linguist, who guided us in one way or another since our Master classes. Sometimes, he asked us, in a jogging mood, the strongly motivating question to know whether we wanted him to die before reading our thesis. We hope he will consider this work as an answer to his question. We would also like to thank Pr E. Biloa, for his recurrent encouraging question “Où en es-tu avec ta thèse.” [What about your thesis]. We are indebted to the late Pr P. Tamanji who made constructive observations on this work before joining the Creator for eternity. Without the patience and sympathy of my consultants and the Koshin community in general, we could have abandoned this work without getting to the end. We specially thank Chief Yoah Bum Wilson (Koshin king), Mr Tah Christopher (50 years, Wum), Alusius Diang (24 years, Wum), Jeannette Tchenkou (44 years, Wum), Yoah Moses (44 years, Koshin), Pius Tchenkou (40 years, Koshin), Yoah Le (30 years, Koshin), Yoambu Ju (30 years, Yaoundé), Princess Evelyne (30 years, Yaoundé), and many other Koshin people whose names are not mentioned here. Some of our brothers and friends deserve special acknowledgments for their various contributions to the realization of this work. Amongst others are Abel Alhadji, Jean Pierre Congé, Valérie Haïda, Elias Dapsia, Jacques Tchenem and François Zamsia. Our dear mother Zamdata psychologically contributed a lot to this work, after our late father left us, and so did our younger brothers A. Bello and P. Linamou. May this work express all our gratitude towards their unconditional support. And finally, the one who endured most the negative effects of this work is our wife Edith, kindly nicknamed Kuöscaàŋaànaè. She did not spare any energy in order to support us during all this time, in spite of all the difficulties related to the research requirements. May she find in these words a sign of recognition to her sacrifices. iv CONTENTS DEDICATION............................................................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................... iii CONTENTS................................................................................................................................................ iv LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES ........................................................................................................ xiv ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................... xv RESUME .................................................................................................................................................. xvii CHAPTER 1:GENERAL INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Presentation of the Topic ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1.1 Geographical Location and Description ...................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 History of the Koshin People......................................................................................................... 4 1.1.3 Political, Economic and Socio-cultural Organization ................................................................. 4 1.1.4 Linguistic Situation ........................................................................................................................ 7 1.1.5 Literature Review .......................................................................................................................... 9 1.2Topic Interest ................................................................................................................................... 12 1.2.1Research Problem and Questions ................................................................................................ 13 1.2.2 Hypotheses or Research Assumptions ........................................................................................ 13 1.2.3 Motivations for the Topic, Objectives and Aim of the Study ................................................... 14 1.3 Theoretical and Methodological Assumptions ............................................................................. 15 1.3.1 Basic Linguistic Theory ............................................................................................................... 15 1.3.2 Structural Phonology ................................................................................................................... 16 1.3.3 Generative Phonology (Phonology in Generative Theory) ....................................................... 17 1.3.4 Lexical Phonology ........................................................................................................................ 17 1.3.5 Constriction-based Model of Feature Geometry Theory ......................................................... 18 1.3.6 The Feature Geometry of Tone ................................................................................................... 20 1.3.7 Prosodic Theory of Nonconcatenative Morphology.................................................................. 22 1.3.8 Sentence Phonology ..................................................................................................................... 23 1.3.9 Methods of Collecting, Analyzing, and Presenting the Data .................................................... 24 1.4 Scope and Organization of the Work ............................................................................................ 26 SECTION I:PHONOLOGY ....................................................................................................................... 28 CHAPTER 2:PHONOLOGY OF VOWELS AND PROSODIC UNITS ............................................. 29 v 2.1 Vowel System ............................................................................................................................. 29 2.1.1 Inventory and Articulatory Characteristics of Sounds ............................................................ 30 2.1.1 Phonetic Chart of Vowels ............................................................................................................ 34 2.1.2 Suspicious Pairs ............................................................................................................................ 35 2.1.3 Identification of Vocalic Phonemes ............................................................................................ 35 2.1.3.1 Minimal Pairs ............................................................................................................................ 36 2.1.3.2 Combinatory Variants: the Nasal Vowels .............................................................................. 38 2.1.3.3 Other Combinatory Variants: the Long Vowels ................................................................ 39 2.1.4 Definition of Vocalic Phonemes .................................................................................................. 40 2.1.5 Classification of Vocalic Phonemes ............................................................................................ 41 2.1.5.1 Place of Articulation ................................................................................................................. 41 2.1.5.2Vowel Aperture .......................................................................................................................... 41 2.1.6 Phonemic Chart of Vowels .........................................................................................................
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