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A Patronal Festival for Thomas Willis (1621-1675)

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A Patronal Festival for Thomas Willis (1621-1675) A PATRONAL FESTIVAL FOR THOMAS WILLIS (1621-1675) WITH REMARKS BY SIR WILLIAM OSLER, BART., F.R.S. By HENRY VIETS, M.D. NEWTON, MASS. YEARLY festival in honour of it to St. Martin. It was so dedicated be­ a medical worthy is certainly cause Thomas Willis had lived in St. Mar­ an occasion of note, especially if tin’s Lane, London, had died on St. Mar­ it has been held annually for tin’s Day and had acquired his wealth and one hundred and eighty three years, and is fame as a seventeenth century practitioner stillA observed in England, in spite of the in the Royal Parish of St. Martin’s-in-the- War. Last fall, news came to Oxford, Eng­ Fields. The fortune fell to his grandson. land, from the little village of Fenny Strat­ During the life of Browne Willis, a festival ford, Buckinghamshire, that the exercises in was held annually in honor of his grand­ father. When he died he left the following note: “. and I do make it my request . that they will with all due solemnity ever keep up and see to the annual celebration of S. Mar­ tin’s Festival ... in the Church of Fenny Stratford, in the manner as I have solemnized it annually . for 26 years, in all which time I have been con­ stantly present and heard a sermon.” » He also left for an endow­ honor of Thomas Willis would be held as ment fund two old houses near the church. usual on November fourteenth and that The cottages were pulled down a few years Sir William Osler would deliver the “ora­ ago, being no longer fit for occupancy, and tion” of the day. I was fortunately able to the money was invested in a war Ioan. attend this exercise and I am sure that a The festival itself, as celebrated last year, short account of the proceeding would be has some interesting features, not the least of interest to some of the readers of the of which are the “Fenny Poppers.” The Annals of Medical History. poppers consist of six small iron mugs which The festival had its beginnings in 1734, are filled with powder, placed in a field and three years after Browne Willis had built a fired off, like a cannon, by a fuse. The orig­ little parish church in his home village, in inal poppers of Browne Willis’s time have memory of his grandfather, and dedicated been broken, but some thirty years ago six new ones were made, modeled after the old The Bishop of Buckingham preached a ones and these are fired off yearly by the short sermon. Some sixty good church mem­ church wardens in strict accordance with bers were there with twenty medical men Browne Willis’s wishes. Another feature is from Fenny Stratford and the surrounding the church service which this year was country. It was an impressive service. The held in the little brick church late in the bishop had an appropriate text, “The old afternoon of November 14, 1916. is good,” and one felt that under the The church stands on high ground at guidance of the Church, such an annual the cross roads of the town, one of which is festival spirit would never relinquish. Watling Street, the old After the service, we Roman road. The north wandered across the side is the oldest part, street to a comfortable built in 1726. Just inside old English tavern and the door, the Fenny Pop­ about thirty sat down to pers are kept. Inside the a jolly dinner. Later, in chapel, most of the inter­ the town hall, coffee was est falls on the north served by the ladies of aisle. The ceiling is ex­ the parish. There was an ceptionally fine, being exhibition of a number decorated in colors with of old engravings of the forty armorial shields, church, some old books with a “cave” around it and other objects of in­ of twenty-six more, the terest. crests of all the donors When Sir William Osler of ten pounds or more to was called upon to speak the original building the hall was crowded with fund. These are beauti­ the villagers from miles fully executed and have around. His presence in recently been retouched Fenny Stratford was a under the skillful direc­ red letter day for this tion of Dr. William Brad­ little country town. Sir brook, a local antiquarian William Osler was at his with the best interests of best in his talk on “Willis medical history at heart. the Anatomist,” not a bit The ceiling to-day is one of which was lost on of the best preserved armorial ceilings in these simple country folks and honest prac­ England. The tomb of Browne Willis stands titioners. The spirit of medical history is at the further end of the north aisle. In dear to the heart of many English physi­ a small room beside the altar is hung an cians and most of them pride themselves engraving of Doctor Thomas Willis, dated on being antiquarians. As Sir William Os­ 1742, under which Browne Willis has writ­ ler’s talk was not written, I can only give it ten— as it appeared in the local paper. In Honour to thy memory, blessed shade, REMARKS OF SIR WILLIAM OSLER Was the foundation of this Chapell laid. Purchased by thee, thy son and I, their heir “As Fenny Stratfordians, you do well to Owe these three mannours to thy art and care. For this, may all thy race, thanks ever pay, cherish the memory of the distinguished And yearly celebrate St. Martin’s Day. family to which the parish is so much be­ holden. It is not always easy to find en­ these three men, all great friends, were thusiasm for an annual festival, but St. in the habit of attending the service of Martin of Tours is a jovial host whose the Church of England twice daily. Wil­ name is associated with all sorts of good lis married for his first wife a sister of living and better company. That the an­ John Fell, the Dean of Christ Church. nual dinner preceded and did not follow Browne Willis’s devotion to the Church the oration suggests a wise provision on was natural—his grandfather had it be­ the part of the Saint to whom a personal fore him. To Willis’s special circle in Ox­ reference stirs my blood when I think of ford belonged a most interesting group some far-away ancestor whose hostelrie in the history of science in England. was so good and whose hospitality, I hope, The awakening of science in England was so free that his guests, in gratitude, had begun in the early part of the 17th called him by the name of his house; the century, and perhaps the first scientific name from which my own name is obvi­ work of first rank to be published in ously derived. It is fitting that the Regius Great Britain, was Gilbert’s De Magneto Professor of Medicine at Oxford should (1600). Harvey’s memorable work on the come here to honour a family to which ‘Circulation of the Blood’ appeared in Thomas Willis, the anatomist, grand­ 1628. Harvey was himself at Oxford dur­ father of their founder, belonged. This ing the period in which Willis was an under­ is the first time, I believe, in the many graduate. Whether they ever met or not years you have held the festival, that my is not known, but whilst there he met chair, the University and the College to a group of men whose lives and works which Willis belonged, have been honoured as the founders of the Royal Society in this way. Another reason for my pres­ have had the greatest influence of any ence is that I happened to be curator o'f single group of men on the development the Bodleian Library to which Browne of science in this country. Wallis himself Willis was a very generous donor. Then, told the story of the Society’s meetings, I have the great pleasure to be the friend first in London and then in Oxford; of Dr. Bradbrook, your townsman, who Most of the scientific subjects they dis­ has done so much to keep alive the memory cussed had been set on foot really with­ of Browne Willis. This evening I wish to in the previous thirty years, chiefly by speak of Willis, senior, the physician, the remarkable observations of Galileo. whom you all know in the profession, These men, who had an important influ­ and of his circle at Oxford. Thomas Wil­ ence on the subsequent development of lis took his M.B. in 1646, and began his science in this country, deserve to be practice in a house, still existing, known held in remembrance. Seth Ward, who as Beam Hall. He had a special interest was subsequently Bishop of Exeter and in the Church of England, and during of Salisbury, was the centre around the Cromwellian occupation of the city, whom the majority of these scientific the services of the Church were held men revolved. He was ‘a profound states­ twice a day in his house. One of the most man, but a very indifferent clergyman.’ famous pictures hanging in the hall in Wallis, who was also a Cambridge mans Christ Church shows John Fell, John was, more than any single man, the living Dolben and Richard Allestree with a spirit in the formation of the Royal copy of the Liturgy open before them.
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