SYLLABUS

Subject: ANTHROPOLOGY

Note:

There are two Papers for each of the subjects. Paper – I on Teaching and Research aptitude, Paper – II based on the syllabus of concerned subjects. Details are furnished below:

PAPER – I

Subject : General Paper on Teaching & Research Aptitude

The Test is intended to assess the teaching/research aptitude of the candidate. They are supposed to possess and exhibit cognitive abilities like comprehension, analysis, evaluation, understanding the structure of arguments, evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive reasoning, weighing the evidence with special reference to analogical arguments and inductive generalization, evaluating, classification and definition, avoiding logical inconsistency rising out of failure to see logical relevance due to ambiguity and vagueness in language. The candidates are also supposed to have a general acquaintance with the nature of a concept, meaning and criteria of truth, and the source of knowledge. There will be 50 questions for Paper – I. 1. The Test will be conducted in objective mode. The Test will consist of two Papers. All the two Papers will consists of only objective type questions and will be held on the day of Test in two separate sessions as under :

Number of Session Paper Marks Duration Questions

First 50 ×2 = 100 1 Hours I 50 question

100 questions 100×2 =200 2 Hours Second II

2. Candidates who appear in two Papers and secure at least 40% aggregate marks for candidates belonging to General Category and at least 35% aggregate marks for candidates belonging to reserved categories will be declared qualifies for Eligibility for Assistant Professor by following the reservation policy of the State Government. 3. The Syllabus of Paper – II and Paper – III will be combined for Paper – II of each subject.

.Fossils 3. Evolution 2. Introduction 1. Progressive- Steinheim; Ehringsdorf; Mount Carmel vative La Chapelle auxsaints; Rhodesian Man Classic/ Conser- Phylogenetic position, salient features and distribution neanderthalenis javanensis; Homo erectus pekinensis; sapiens phylogenetic position of Homo erectus; erectus robustus Meganthropus, Home habilis; Characteristics and Australopithecus boisei (zinjanthropus); Australopithecus Ramapithecus; Australopithecus Africanus; noids Characteristics and phylogenetic position of early Homi- Erect Posture and Bipedalism. Man and Ape Comparison of morphological and anatomical features eny and Taxonomy), mates (Distribution, Classification, Characteristics, Phylog- Propliopithecus, Dryopithecus, Proconsul), and living pri- Fossils : Fossil records, Earliest Primates (Aegyptopithecus, Darwinism, Neo-Darwinism, Synthetic theory, Primates and Theories of Evolution : Lamarckism, Neo-Lamarckism, tion. Statistical tools of Archaeological sites and Data collec- study, Genealogical method, Schedules and questionnaires, phy, Comparative method. Observation, Interview, Case Archaeological and Social-cultural). Fieldwork, Ethnogra- developments in all branches of Anthropology (Physical, interrelatedness. Recent and Emerging trends and major other sciences. Different branches of anthropology and their Aim, Scope, Historical Development, Relationship with ANTHROPOLOGY PAPER-II (3) Syllabus/Anthropology Syllabus/Anthropology .Chronology 5. Human Genetics 4. Tertiary, Quaternary– Pleistocene, Holocene Geological framework Relative, Absolute and Cultural Guha’s; Sarkar’s Racial Classification of Indian Populations- Risley’s: and Birdsell’s Racial Classifications- Deniker’s; Hooton’s; Coon, Garn goloid Distribution and Characteristics- Caucasoid; Negroid; Mon- Criteria for Racial Classifications- Concept of Race Living Human Populations and Diversity Rh System ABO System - Two-factor Hypothesis; Multiple Alleles; Genetics of Blood Groups Intelligence. Role of Heredity and Environment-Stature; Skin Colour; Methods of Studying Inheritance-Twins; Sib-pair; Pedigree Lethal genes. Linkage and Crossing-over tiple alleles inance; Sex linked; sex limited and controlled; Mul- Autosomal Dominant; Autosomal Recessive; Codom- ture and Division; Mendel’s Laws; Patterns of Inheritance- History and Development; Scope Branches; Call struc- Chancelade; Offnet. Cro-Magnon; Grimaldi; Predmost; Combe cappelle; Brunn; ens Evidence, distribution and characteristics of Homo sapi- glyphics Face and Lower Jaw; Blood Groups; Dermato- Ears; Skin, Hair and Eye colour; Stature; Eyes, Lips and (4)

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Major Climatic changes during pleistocene – Glacial and Interglacial periods Geometric Types Causes of Ice Ages Non-Geometric Types Pluvial and Interpluvial Periods Celt-Axe; Adze Moraines, River Terraces, Loess, Sea-level Changes– Shouldered Celt Caves, Marine teasaces, Beach ridges Shoe-last Celt Relative dating : Terrace, Stratigraphy, Palaenology, Grinding Stone Palaecutology Ringstone Absolute dating : Radio-crabon, Potassium-argon, Ther- Lower Palaeolithic Cultures– Typo-technology, Habitat, En- moluminescence, Dandrochronology vironment Economy, People and Distribution Cultural Chronology– Three-age system : Stone Age, Cop- Lower Palaeolithic Cultures per/Bronze Age, Iron Age Pebble Tool Culture Palaeolithic Period : Lower palaeolithic, Middle Oldowan; Sohan; Choukoutien palaeolithic, Upper palaeolithic, , , Acheulian Cultures Chalcolithic-Emergence of Metal Technology, Urban revo- Acheulian Cultures of Africa; Acheulian lution, Cultures of ; Acheulian Cultures of 6. Typo-technology and Palaeolithic Cultural Features India Percussion technique : Primary and Secondary making Middle Palaeolithic Cultures Block-on-block/ anvil technique; Stone hammer technique; Mousterian Cultures/Middle Palaeolithic Cylinder hammer technique; Clactonian technique; Europe– Habitat, Environment Economy, Levallois technique; Pressure technique; Retouch; Blade Social Organisation, Religion,Typo- and Burin technique; Flake technique, Pecking; Grinding technology and Polishing; Splinter and groove techniques Middle Stone Age in Africa Artefact Typology– Middle Palaeolithic in India Simple flake; Side flake; End flake; Levallois flake; Upper Palaeolithic Culture– Habitat, Environment Clactonian flake; Blade; Microlithic blade; Tortoise Economy, Typotechnology, Social Institu- core/Levalloisiam; Discoid core; Mousterian flake; tion, relgion Prismatic core Tool Typology – Europe– Perigordian Culture Pebble tools; Chopper; Chopping tool Chattelperronean; Gravettian; Aurignacian Bifaces– Handaxe; Cleaver Culture, Solutrean Culture; Magdalenian Scrapers– side, end, round, concave, convex Culture Blade knife; Blunted back blade; Borer/Awl : Burin Upper Palaeolithic in India Points leaf shape– Laurel Leaf; Willow Leaf Upper Palaeolithic Art Points–Shouldered Points – Denticulate; Notch (7) Syllabus/Anthropology Syllabus/Anthropology (8)

7. Holocene Culture Culture : Definitions and Attributes Mesolithic Cultures Functionalism : Malinowski, Radcliffe-Brown Climate changes, Typo technology, Habitat, Economic ac- Structuralism : Levi-Strauss, Leach tivity, Socio-religious features Culture and Personality : Basic personality configuration- Europe- Culture; Culture; Kardiner and Linton Maglemosian Culture; Kitchen Midden Culture; Natufian Enculturation : Status and Role; Patterns of Culture; Cul- Culture ture Change; Themes Cultural Relativism; Values; Great Indian Mesolithic and Little Tradition; Civilization; Gender Theories Langhnaj; Teri Sites; Birbhanpur, Bagor, Bhimbetka Indian Contribution – Theory and Concepts Adamgarh, Sarainahar Rai, Lekhahlia, Mahadeva G. S. Ghurye; N. K. Bose; D. N. Majumdar; M. N. Mesolithic Art in India Srinivas; S. C. Dube; L. P. Vidyarthi Neolithic (Early Farming Cultures) Aspects of Culture, Organisation of Culture, Institutions Neolithic of the Near-east Social Organisation Jericho; Jarmo; Catal Huyuk Family Neolithic Cultures of Indian Subcontinent Family of Orientation and Procreation Northern Neolithic Structure : Nuclear, Extended, Joint Burzahom Residence : Patrilocal, Matrilocal, Neolocal, Southern Neolithic Virilocal, Uxorilocal Brahmagiri; Sangankallu; Utnur; Tetkalakota; Marriage Nagarjun Konda Rules : Endogamy, Exogamy Eastern Neolithic Monogamy, Polygamy : Polygyny, Polyandry Daojali Hading; Sarutaru Mate selection ; Cross-cousin marriage, Levirate, Central Zone (Neo-Chalcolithic) Sororate, Sororal Navdatoli; Nevasa; Inamgaon Dowry, Bride price/Bride wealth Indus Civilization Kinship Extent; Characteristics; Chronology; Origin and Kinship Terms : Classificatory and Descriptive decline systems Continuity with post-Harappan Consanguineal and Affinal Indus people and society Primary, Secondary, Tertiary Iron Age Terms of Reference and Address Megalithic Types Descent, Inheritance and Succession : Menhir; Dolmen/ Topikal; Cist, Cairn Patriarchal and matriarchal Circle; Carcophagi Unilineal : Patrilineal, Double 8. Evolution, Social Structure and Organisation Groups : Tribe, Clan, Phratry, Lineage Evolution : Unilinear, Universal, Multilinear Kinship behaviour and relationship; Avoidance and Diffusion; Neo-evolution; Innvovation; Acculturation; Joking relationship, Transculturation Incest (9) Syllabus/Anthropology Syllabus/Anthropology (10)

9. Economic and Political Organisation : Religion and Notified and Denotified Groups Magic Other Backward classes and castes Economic Organisation Sanskritisation, Westernisation, Modernisation Concept of Property Sacred complex in India Primitive Communism Regionalism and Ethnicity States of Economy : Collection, Hunting, Fishing, Basic Issues Pastoralism, Cultivation, Shifting and Settled New Panchayati Raj Subsistence Economy and Market Economy Gram Sabha Barter Women in new Panchayats Means of Production Constitutional safeguards for Scheduled Tribes and Division of Labour Scheduled Castes Political Organisation Major tribal groups Panchayat– traditional and statutory Tribal states in India Leadership– clan and tribe Tribal Movements for Autonomy, Development Schemes Kingship and Chiefdom in tribal communities Tribal Rehabilitation; Democracy and Caste Bonded Labour Customary Law and Child Labour; Judicial System Ashram Schools; Mandal Commission; Dhebar Commis- Crime and punishment in Primitive Society sion; Emerging Spiritual Leaders (Gurus) in India; Caste Religion and Magec among non-Hindus. Primitive Religion : Animism, Totemism, Ancestor PAPER - III (Part A and B) Propitiation, Shaman, Priest, Medicine Man CORE and ELECTIVE / OPTIONAL Tribal Mythology : Origin of universe, Tribe and Unit– I Clan, Tribal deities Theories of Evolution– Physical and Social Magic : Black, White, Preventive, Defensive, Cultural Processes and Principles of Evolution– Con- Destructive, Imitative,Sympathetic, Witchcraft, vergence, Divergence Sorcery Parallelism, Adaptive Radiation, Speciation, Irreversibil- Symbolism and Rituals ity. Supernatural powers– Mana, Taboo Theories of Evolution– Lamarckism and Neo-Lamarck- 10. Indian Anthropology : Basic Concepts and Issues ism, Darwinism and Neo-Darwinism, Synthetic theory, Basic Concepts National Selection in Man. Indian Village as part society, as an isolate Evolution and Diffusion of Culture, Theories of Socio- Caste as a group and system cultural Evolution–Unilinear, Universal, Multilinear, Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Neo-evolution. Tribe, Caste, Varna and Caste/Jati Bipedalism versus Tool making, Biface Technology and big game Hunting, Development of Language. (11) Syllabus/Anthropology Syllabus/Anthropology (12)

Human Colonization during late Pleistocene, Emergence Rhodesian Man, La Ferrasie, Swanscombe, of early farming and village communities, Process of Frontechevade, Krapina, Steinheim, Ehringsdorf, Mount urbanisation. Carmel and Shanidar Methodological tools and techniques in Physical, Ar- Emergence and characteristics of Modern man–Brunn; chaeological and Social-cultural Anthropology. Chancelade; Cro-Magnon; Grimaldi; Offnet; Predmost. Unit– III Unit– II History and Development, Concept, Scope and Emerg- Distribution, Characteristics, Classification, Position of ing trends– Relation to other sciences and medicine Man in animal Kingdom. Principles of human genetics and molecular genetics Primate evolution with reference to Skull, Jaw, Limbs, Mendel’s Laws of inheritance and its application Dentition and Brain. Modes of inheritance– Autosomal (dominant, recessive, Earliest primates of Oligocene, Miocene and Pliocene, codominance), Sex-linked, Sex-influenced, Sex-limited, Aegyptopithecus, Propliopithecus, Dryopithecus and Lethal genes, modifying genes, suppressor genes. Proconsul. Polygenic, Variable penetrance and expressivity, Link- Living primates– Distribution, characteristics and clas- age and crossing-over. sification, Phylogeny and taxonomy, Prosimii, Cebodea, Mutation : Gene mutation– Spontaneous, Induced, Mu- Cercopithecoidea, Hominoidea. tation rate, Genetic hazards of radiation, Chemical mu- Morphological and anatomical characteristics of Man, tagenesis Gorilla, Chimpanzee, Orangutan and Gibbon Methods of studying heredity Erect posture and bipedalism Twin and co-twin control methods Origin of Man– Theories of Monogenesis, Polygenesis, Pedigree : Sib-pair; Hereditability estimate Hologenesis and Dispersion. Population Genetics Primate Behaviour Hardy-Weinberg law : Definition and application Evolution of Behaviour Genetic polymorphism : Concept, balanced and Patterns of Social Behaviour transient Reproductive Behaviour Breeding Population : Mating patterns, random Early Homonoids mating, assortative mating, consanguinity and in- Process of Hominisation and Emergence of breeding Homonoids: Ramapithecus, Australopithecus coefficient, genetic load, genetic isolates Africanus, A. Boisei (zinjanthropus), A. Robustus, Selection : Heterozygous, intra-uterine, fitness, differ- Meganthropus; Homo habilis– Classification and ential, fertility, relaxation Controversy. Genetic Marker : ABO blood groups, Genetics and Dis- Homo erectus– Homo erectus javanesis, H. e. pekinesis, tribution in India MNS s blood group; Rh blood group Pithecanthropoids of Africa and Europe. system Homo sapien Neanderthalenis– Phylogenetic position, Nomenclature, Fisher’s crossing-over idea, Cis-and Salient features, Distribution of La Chapple– Auxsaint, trans-position, Natural and incomplete antibodies (13) Syllabus/Anthropology Syllabus/Anthropology (14)

Kell and Duffy system– Inheritance Under-nutrition, obesity, Malnutrition Secretor factor and Lewis antigens– Interaction Physiological Factors in Growth– Haematological, Dermatoglyphics– History, Identification, Topography Blood pressure, Heart rate, Pulse rate Fingerprints Pattern– Identification, Inheritance, Unit– IV Pattern intensity, Furuhata and Dankmeijer’s index Red cell Enzymes Palmar Dermatoglyphics– Configurational areas, Genetic variation and Polymorphism– Red cell acid Main-line formula and index, Transversality, Inher- phosphate, G6PD, Phosphoglucomutase, Adenylate itance kinase, Adenosine deaminase and Lactate Mid-phalangeal patterns– Identification and types dehydrogenase Palmar flexion creases and main types Plasma Proteins : Heredity and Genetic variation of Hap- Sole Prints– Configurational areas, Main-lines toglobins, Transfering, Immunoglobuline fomula and index, Transversality, Inheritance Heamoglobin : Normal and Variant

Toe prints– Pattern, Identification, Inheritance Normal Haemoglobin : HbA and HbF, HbA2 Dermatoglyphics and Personal Identification Abnormal Haemoglobin : HbS, HbC, HbD, HbE Dermatoglyphics and Diseases (Chromosomal and Thalassemia others) HbS and Malaria– Balanced polymorphism Dermatoglyphics and Paternity disputes Cretinism and G6PD deficiency Population variation– Qualitative and quantitative Techniques for Biochemical Analysis Human Growth– Development and Adaptation Electrophoresis Human Growth : Definition, Concept, Immunoelectrophoresis Differentition, Maturation and Development Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Biochemical Phases of Growth : Prenatal, Infancy, Childhood, Pathways (one gene one enzyme hypothesis) and Adolescence, Maturity, Senescence Heredity of Phenylketonurea, Alkaptonurea, Factors affecting growth : Genetic, Environ- Galactosemia, Albinism mental, Hormonal, Nutritional, Socio-economic, Histocompatibility antigen (HLA)– History, Secular trends, Gerontology Subtyping, Inheritance, Genetic interaction Methods of studying human growth and develop- linkages, ment–Longitudinal, Cross-sectional, Mixed longi- Polymorphism, HLA and diseases tudinal, Growth curves, Epiphyseal union, Blood groups and diseases : Erythroblastosis fetalis, Dentition Smallpox and Malaria Analysis of human physique and body composition Gene mapping : Blood groups, HLA, Sex-linked Sheldon, Parnoll, Health-Carter characters Human Adpatation to heat, cold, altitude and Human Cytogenetics nutrition Identification of human chromosomes, Keryotyping Nutritional Requirements– Infancy to old age : and Nomenclature Techniques for studying Proteins, Carbohydrates, Fats, Minerals, Vitamins Chromosomal Structure and Polymorphism (15) Syllabus/Anthropology Syllabus/Anthropology (16)

Autoradiography, Banding, Florence Obsidian Hydration; Archaeomagnetism; Magnetic Chromosomal aberrations Reversal; Tree Ring; Varve Clay; Racemization Numerical : Turner’s syndrome, Klinefelter’s Unit– VI syndrome, Tripio-X, Triploial-X, Tetra-X, Down’s Earliest Cultures (Primitive Hunter - Gatherers) syndrome, Patau’s syndrome, Edward’s Syndrome, Bipedalism versus tool making– Evidence from Sturge Weber’s syndrome, Triploidy and Tetraploidy Hadar, Structural– Cri-du-chat syndrome and Philadelphia Laetoli, Olduvai Gorge, Koobi Forz chromosome Importance of (the African Rift valley) Olduvai Translocations– D/D, D/G, G/G, Acrocentric/Non Gorge Australopithecines and tools Acrocentric; Metacentric/Metacentric ring Spread of hominids outside East Africa : Early man chromosome, Ieroctromosome mivession, and his culture along the northern Mediterranean, mossaceism Palestine, South Asia, Java, China and India. Sexual differentiation– Genetic and post-genetic Hunting techniques and cooperation : Beginning of Application– Genetic counselling, Genetic screen- the use of fire and the impact in biological and cul- ing and Genetic engineering and DNA fingerprint- tural evolution. Development of home base and ing migration-implication in band formation Unit–V Energence of Biface Technology Environmental Archaeology Homo erectus– Biface technology and big game Cultural Ecology hunting Ethno-archaeology Development of cooperation and possibly language Settlement Archaeology Further expansion of human habitat New Archaeology Geographical extent of biface cultures Action Archaeology Acheulian culture in South Western Europe–Terra Social and Economic approach in Archaeological Stud- Amata, Torralba Ambrona, Pech-lu-Aze Lazaret ies Acheulian culture in Agrica– Olduvai Gorge, Nature of environmental changes– Climatic, Isimila, Kalambo falls, Olorgesaillie Geomorphic, Faunal and Floral Acheulian Culture in India– Madrasian (Kortalayar Nature of evidence for reconstruction of Valley), Didwana, Belan Valley, Bhimbetka, palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment Narmada Valley, Nevasa– Chirki Hunsgi, Krishna Geomorphological, Sedimentological, Pedological, Valley, Sohan Valley Palaeontological, Palaeobotanical Significance of Hathnora (Narmada Valley) Methods of dating Evidence of Homo Fauna associated with Acheulian Stratigraphic; Paleomagnetic; Fluorine; Radiocar- tools in Peninsular India bon; Flake Tool Complex Potassium-Argon; Fission Track; Thermolumines- Middle Palaeolithic characteristic features and cence; distribution in Europe (17) Syllabus/Anthropology Syllabus/Anthropology (18)

Technological/economic implications of site tools and bow-arrow Evolutiong of flake tools Important Mesolithic cultures and sites of Europe Middle Palaeolithic Cultures in North Africa, and the Near-east-Azilian, Tardenoisian, Western Europe, Central Europe, Near and Middle Maglemosian, Ertebolle, Natufian and Epi- East, Central Asia-Tabun Tashik Task Shanidar Palaeolithic First human burials and emergence of rituals Mesolithic cultures of India Middle Palaeolithic culture in India– Bellan Western India– Bagor, Tilwara, Pushkar lake, Valley, Lankhnaj, Bombay Coast Bhimbetka, Nevasa and Narmada, Eastern Central India– Adamgarh, Bhimbetka, Baghikhor, Peninsula Chopani Mando Typology and Technology of Middle Palaeolithic Ganga Valley– Sarai Nahar Rai, Mahadaba tools in India Eastern India– Birbhanpur Human expansion in Temperate regions South India– Eastern Ghats and East coast Blade Tool Complex Mesolithic economy and society Advanced Hunter-Gatherers Mesolithic art (Upper Palaeolithic Cultures) Beginnings of agriculture, evidences from Mount Carmel Evolution of blade and burin technology Caves, Juricho, Beidha Karim Shahir, Mehergarh Use of bone and antler as raw materials Hoabinhian of South East Asia, North East India Upper Palaeolithic cultures and Homo sapiens Emergence of Village Farming way of Life Upper Palaeolithic cultures of Western and Central (Neolithic Revolution) Europe and North Africa– Dabban, Chatelperronian, Economic and Social consequences of food Perigordian, Aurignacian, Gravettian, Solutrean, production–settled life, population growth, craft Magdalenian, Pavlovian, Szeletian specialisation, class formation, political institutions Emergence and development of Art-Painting, Engrav- Ecological perspective of early agriculture– Neclear ing, Sculpture, Motivation zones of the Neat-east, South East Asia, North East Upper Palaeolithic habitations and economy– cave and India open-air settlements, reindeer and mamoth hunting Important early farming centres and sites in the old Populating the New World world (excluding India)– Jericho, Catal Huyuk, Upper Palaeolithic in India– Reningunta, Billa Jarmo, Beidha, Khirokitia, Zawi Chemi, Shanidar Surgam, Patne, Bhimbetka, Son and Bellan Valleys, Early cultivation in New Guinea Visadi, Pushkar, Gunjan Valley Root crops and rice cultivation in South East Asia Unit–VII Beginning of agriculture in India– Ganga Valley, Final Hunter-Gatherer and Incipient Cultivators Mehergarh, Koldihwa (Mesolithic Cultures) Diffusion of Village Farming, Way of Life in the Indo- Post-Pleistocene environmental changes Pakistan Sub-Continent Development of microlithic technology, compo- Pakistan– Kim Ghul Mohammad, Rana Ghundai, (19) Syllabus/Anthropology Syllabus/Anthropology (20)

Gumlam Sarai Khola Beginning of Iron Age and Second Urbanization Kashmir Valley– Burzahom, Gufkral Economic and Social implication of Iron techno- Rajasthan– Ahar, Gilund (Ahar Culture) logy Central India– Nagada, Kayatha, Navdatoli, Eran Black and Red ware culture– Noh, Attranji, Khera, (Kayatha, Ahar and Malwa Cultures) Ahichichatra Northern Deccan– Nevasa, Chandoil, Diamabad Painted Grey ware (PGW) Culture– Distribution, Inamgaon, Prakash, Bahal (Malwa and Jorwer Economy and Society Centres) Northern Black Polished (NBP) ware culture– South India– Maski, Brahmagiri, Sangankallu, first cities in the Ganga Valley and emergence of Tekkalkota, Piklihal, Utnur, Halbur, Palavoy, the Mauryan Empire Paiyampalli, T-Narsipur, Ashmounds, Role of Ecology in the urbanization of the Ganga Nagarjunakonda (Neolithic Culture) Valley Iron and Megalithic burials Neolithic Culture of Eastern and North Eastern Megalithic types– Southern Indian Inhabitation, India Daojali Hading, Kuchai, tool types, distri- Economy, Megalithic rituals bution and affinities with S.E. Asia Living Megalithic cultures of Eastern and Central Birth of Civilization (Bronze Age) India Rise of Civilization in Mesopotamia– Evidences Unit–VIII from Ubaid, Malaf, Jamdet Nasr, Early dynasties The Meaning and Nature of Culture Indus Civilization Humanistic and anthropological perspectives, distin- Expansion of village communities in the Indus and guished, attributes of anthropological concept of cul- Gagra/ Hakra Valleys–Amri, Kot Diji, Jalilpur, ture : Kalibangan, Mohenjo-daro, Harappa Learned and historically derived Mature Indus Culture– Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, Plurality Chanhundaro, Kalibangan Lothal, Surkotada, Town Relativity planning, Architecture, Metal technology, Art Writ- Behaviorally manifested ing Late Harappan Culture– Expansion into Kutch, Functional integration and holistic perspective Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, Western UP, Rojadi, Dynamic changing Language as vehicle of culture Rangpur, Ropar, Mitathal and Alamgirpur The contribution of E.B. Tylor; A.L. Kroeber; B. Decline of the Indus Civilization– Theories, Malinowski Emerging areas : Environmental decay, Hydrological Changes, Medical Anthropology; Ecological Anthropology; Tectonic movement, Climatic changes, External Urban Anthropology; Development Anthropology; invasion Evolution and Diffusion of Culture Aftermath of the Indus Civilization– OCP Copper Theories of socio-cultural evolution Hoards Unilinear (Morgan) (21) Syllabus/Anthropology Syllabus/Anthropology (22)

Unilinear (White and Child) B. Malinwski Multilinear (Julian Steward) A.R. Radcliffe-Brown Contribution of British, German and American Evans-Prichard diffusionists Contemporary trends in evolutionary stud- C. Levi-Strauss ies : Neo-evolution, Acculturation, Diffusion, culture Ralph Lintor contact and social-cultural change, Invention, Innova- Robert Redfield tion Technology and culture change, especially affect- Margaret Mead ing women Methodology of Anthropological Research Functionalism Ethnography as a method Form, function, meaning and distinguishing tenets Fieldwork tradition in anthropology : Basic characteris- of Functionalism in Social-cultural anthropology : tics of field work method Malinowski’s and Radcliffe-Brown’s contribution Quantitative and qualitative tools and techniques : Sur- Structuralism vey, Observation, case study, Interview, Schedule, Ques- Social structure, social organisation and social sys- tionnaire, Genealogy, Group discussion, Mapping tem Comparative methods in social-cultural anthropology Levi-Strauss Cross-cultural comparison Leach Controlled comparison Structuralism in Social Anthropology Reinterpretation, Restudy, Evaluation research Psychological Anthropology Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Culture and personality - Benedict and Mead, Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) Basic personality Intervention Research, Process and Impact Linton, Kardiner, Cora Du Bois Analysis Anthropological approaches in national character studies Unit–X Family, Marriage and Kinship Weaker section in Indian population : Scheduled Castes Typology and functions of family (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST) and Primitive Tribal Groups Nuclear, extended and joint family (PTG), Denotified communities, Basic measures of la- Preferential marriage, functions of descent belling as ST and SC according to constitution Tribal groups, lineage and clan Kinship termino- problems and welfare measures relating to logy and Kinship behaviour Forests Unit–IX Shifting cultivation Contribution to social-cultural anthropology by Land Alienation E.B.Tylor Housing Lewis Morgan Health and Sanitation/Nutrition Franz Boas Indebtedness A.L. Kroeber Bonded Labour (23) Syllabus/Anthropology Syllabus/Anthropology (24)

Education Indian Masters Gender Issues G. S. Ghurye Development Strategies (Plan/Sub-plans) N. K. Bose Special Programmes D. N. Majumdar Large-Scale Agricultural Multipurpose Verrier Elwin Societies (LAMPS) M. N. Srinivas Integrated Tribal Development Project S. C. Dube (ITDP) L. P. Vidhyarthi Community Development Project (CDP) Anthropological approaches in community, Health, Integrated Rural Development Project Natural health, Promotion and disease control (IRDP) programmes such as population control, Nutrition, Component Plan for SC Mother and Child health, Health Education, Leprosy, Tribal Youth Self-Employment Scheme (TRYSEM) TB, AIDS, etc. Reservation for women in Panchayati Raj Anthropology in Education and communication Role of voluntary organisation in develop- Rural development ment Gender perspectives Tribal problems of identity, autonomy, Realocation, Rehabilitation–Earthquakes, ethnicity Floods, Disasters. Human resource training Tribal movements–Revivalistic/ Nativistic and management population displacement due to develop- _____ ment schemes such as dam construction, Revitalisation of local history, problems of pseudo-Tribals to become ST Indian Society and Culture Caste as a group and as system of social segmentation and integration Caste in modern India, Changing dimen- sions of caste Village studies in India–Primitive society as a conceptual model of village ethnography Concepts–Little and Great tradition, universalisation and parochialisation, dominant caste, Sanskritisation and Westernisation, sacred complex, Role of city in change. Folk-urban and tribe-caste continuum