CAFG Report January 2014 Post Susan
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The results of field walking, casual observations, test pitting and an earthwork survey undertaken by CAFG within Haslingfield parish between 1981- 2012 The results of field walking, casual observations, test pitting and an earthwork survey undertaken by CAFG within Haslingfield parish between 1981- 2012 By Cambridge Archaeology Field Group (CAFG) Including specialist contributions by Rob Atkins, Paul Blinkhorn, Craig Cessford, Mike Coles, Nina Crummy, Terry Dymott, Chris Faine and James Fairbairn Illustrator: Lucy Offord Report Date: April 2014 Page 1 of 114 Table of Contents Summary.............................................................................................................................................6 1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................8 1.1 Location and scope of work......................................................................................................8 1.2 Geology and topography...........................................................................................................8 1.3 Archaeological and historical background................................................................................9 1.4 Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................14 2 Aims and Methodology.................................................................................................................16 2.1 Aims........................................................................................................................................16 2.2 Methodology...........................................................................................................................16 3 Results...........................................................................................................................................18 3.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................18 3.2 Fieldwalking and an earthwork survey...................................................................................18 3.3 Casual observations/artefacts within Haslingfield..................................................................22 3.4 Test pits...................................................................................................................................23 4 Discussion and Conclusions..........................................................................................................28 4.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................28 4.2 Overview by period.................................................................................................................28 4.3 Significance.............................................................................................................................38 Appendix A. CHER Records............................................................................................................40 Appendix B. Trench Descriptions and Context Inventory...............................................................43 Appendix C. Finds Reports..............................................................................................................52 C.1 Small Finds.............................................................................................................................52 C.2 Pottery....................................................................................................................................52 C.3 Brick and Tile.........................................................................................................................65 C.4 Clay Pipe................................................................................................................................71 C.5 Stone Mortar from near Test Pit 4..........................................................................................72 C.6 Queens’ College Plates at Brook Farm...................................................................................73 Appendix D. Environmental Reports...............................................................................................78 D.1 Animal bone...........................................................................................................................78 D.2 Shell.......................................................................................................................................79 Appendix E. Artefacts and Ecofacts from Field walking.................................................................80 Appendix F. Bibliography...............................................................................................................111 Page 2 of 114 List of Figures Fig. 1 Map of Haslingfield parish, showing fields walked and CHER numbers Fig. 2 Village with casual finds reported and positions of 2012 test pits and date with amended CHER data Fig. 3 Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age pottery recovered from field walking with Neolithic and Bronze Age CHER numbers Fig. 4 Iron Age and Roman pottery recovered from field walking, casual finds, test pits and CHER numbers Fig. 5 Early/Middle Saxon, Middle/Late Saxon and Late Saxon/Saxo-Norman pottery recovered from field walking, casual finds, test pits and CHER numbers Fig. 6 Medieval and late medieval pottery recovered from field walking, casual finds, test pits and CHER numbers Fig. 7 Earthwork survey of River Farm Fig. 8 Purbeck marble mortar from Test Pit 4 Fig. 9 Vessel 1 showing illustration of Queens’ College viewed from the River Cam Fig. 10 Rim of vessel 2 showing the college motto “FLOREAT DOMUS” Fig. 11 Instance of incorrect punctuation on the plate Fig. 12 Partial word QUEE Fig. 13 Partial words for J K TAYLO[R] and QUEENS C[OLLEGE] on vessel 4 List of Tables Table 1 Prehistoric to late medieval pottery found by field and period in 100m² areas of field walking Table 2 Worked flint from field walking Table 3 Pottery from test pits Table 4 CHER records (Mesolithic to medieval) Table 5 Test Pit 1 Table 6 Test Pit 2 Table 7 Test Pit 3 Table 8 Test Pit 4 Table 9 Test Pit 5 Table 10 Test Pit 7 Table 11 Test Pit 8 Table 12 Test Pit 9 Table 13 Test Pit 10 Table 14 Test Pit 11 Table 15 Test Pit 12 Table 16 Test Pit 13 Page 3 of 114 Table 17 Test Pit 14 Table 18 Test Pit 15 Table 19 Test Pit 17 Table 20 Test Pit 18 Table 21 Test Pit 19 Table 22 Test Pit 21 Table 23 Test Pit 23 Table 24 Test Pit 25 Table 25 Test Pit 26 Table 26 Test Pit 27 Table 27 Test Pit 28 Table 28 Test Pit 29 Table 29 Pottery from field walking analysed by Paul Blinkhorn, by period and fabric Table 30 Pottery occurrence at Dovecote, High Street by number and weight (in g) of sherds per context by fabric Table 31 Pottery occurrence at 48 High Street by number and weight (in g) of sherds per context by fabric type Table 32 Pottery occurrence at 33 High Street by number and weight (in g) of sherds per context by fabric type Table 33 Pottery from Test Pit 1 Table 34 Pottery from Test Pit 2 Table 35 Pottery from Test Pit 3 Table 36 Pottery from Test Pit 4 Table 37 Pottery from Test Pit 5 Table 38 Pottery from Test Pit 7 Table 39 Pottery from Test Pit 8 Table 40 Pottery from Test Pit 10 Table 41 Pottery from Test Pit 11 Table 42 Pottery from Test Pit 12 Table 43 Pottery from Test Pit 13 Table 44 Pottery from Test Pit 14 Table 45 Pottery from Test Pit 15 Table 46 Pottery from Test Pit 17 Table 47 Pottery from Test Pit 18 Table 48 Pottery from Test Pit 19 Table 49 Pottery from Test Pit 21 Table 50 Pottery from Test Pit 23 Page 4 of 114 Table 51 Pottery from Test Pit 26 Table 52 Pottery from Test Pit 27 Table 53 Pottery from Test Pit 28 Table 54 Pottery from Test Pit 29 Table 55 Brick, floor and roof tile from test pits by number of fragments and weight Table 56 Brick with measurable dimensions by colour, measurement and possible date Table 57 Catalogue of brick by test pit and spit Table 58 Ceramic roof tile from test pits by colour, quantity and weight Table 59 Catalogue of ceramic roof tiles by test pit and spit Table 60 Medieval floor tiles by test pit and spit Table 61 Clay pipe from test pits Table 62 Animal bone by species distribution in test pits Table 63 Oyster shell from test pits Table 64 Catalogue of pottery from field walking by 100m² areas Table 65 Catalogue of artefacts and ecofacts from field walking HAS 06 (Fields 8 and 9) Table 66 Catalogue of artefacts and ecofacts from field walking at Brook Farm (Fields 14 and15) Table 67 Catalogue of artefacts and ecofacts from field walking BR008 (Barton Road) (Fields 11 to13) Page 5 of 114 Summary This report records all work carried out by CAFG within Haslingfield parish between 1981 and 2012. This comprises fieldwalking of about a quarter of the parish (1981- 2007), 10 casual observations including three test pits within the village (c.1985- 2011), an earthwork survey at River Farm (Field 2) and 24 test pits within the village excavated over a weekend in 2012. This is a significant amount of work which has added substantially to our understanding of the development if the parish over time. Very small quantities of earlier prehistoric material were recovered, with no significant artefacts present; although a small concentration of worked flint was found in Field 13. A small quantity of Late