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Two New Cavernicolous Species of the Pseudoscorpion Genus Cryptocreagris from Colorado (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae)

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Two New Cavernicolous Species of the Pseudoscorpion Genus Cryptocreagris from Colorado (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae) Subterranean Biology 7: 55-64, 2009 (2010) Two new cavernicolous species of the pseudoscorpion genus Cryptocreagris from Colorado (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae) Mark S. HARVEY (1) and William B. MUCHMORE(2) (1) Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Western Australian Museum, Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia 6986, Aus- tralia; email: [email protected] (2) Department of Biology, Rochester University, Box 270211, Rochester, New York 14627—0211, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Two new cavernicolous species of the neobisiid genus Cryptocreagris are described from small caves situated in Colorado, western U.S.A.: C. steinmanni from Glenwood Caverns and Historic Fairy Caves and C. destica from Squeak Cave. These species are larger than other species of the genus, with elongated pedipalps and legs. The eyes, although not entirely absent, are reduced in size. Despite the caves being only 14 km apart, there are suffi cient morphological differences between the two populations to justify the naming of two species. Key words: taxonomy, Nearctic, troglobitic, morphology, caves INTRODUCTION retirement of WBM, the specimens were dispatched to MSH for further study, illustration and completion of The pseudoscorpion family Neobisiidae is mostly the manuscript. In a complementary paper currently in restricted to the Holarctic region, with representatives preparation by Steven J. Taylor and MSH, the systematic occurring in Europe, northern Africa, Asia and North position of M. grandis Muchmore, 1962 from Nevada, America (see Harvey 2009). The only neobisiids re- U.S.A. (Muchmore 1962) - which appears to be similar corded from outside of this area are a few species of to the new species described here – will be examined. Microbisium Chamberlin 1930 found in tropical eastern Africa (Beier 1955a; 1955b; 1964; Harvey 2009; Mah- nert 1981) and a single record of Neobisium carcinoides MATERIAL AND METHODS (Hermann, 1804) from Kenya (Mahnert 1981). Many members of this family possess troglomorphic features The specimens used in this study are lodged in the resulting from isolation and evolution in cavernicolous Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver (DMNS) environments. The world neobisiid fauna consists of and the Western Australian Museum, Perth (WAM), and 32 genera and 555 species (Harvey 2009), of which 18 were studied using three techniques. Temporary slide genera and 63 species are currently known from North mounts were prepared by immersion of specimens in America. The genus Cryptocreagris Ćurčić, 1984 pres- concentrated lactic acid at room temperature for sev- ently contains only three species which are found in eral days, and mounting them on microscope slides with western North America (Ćurčić 1984; 1993; Harvey 10 or 12 mm coverslips supported by small sections of 2009). The type species, C. laudabilis (Hoff,1956) has 0.25, 0.35 or 0.50 mm diameter nylon fi shing line. Af- only been found at Mt Taylor, Valencia County, New ter study the specimens were returned to 75% ethanol Mexico (Ćurčić 1984; Hoff 1956). Cryptocreagris mag- with the dissected portions placed in 12 x 3 mm glass na (Banks, 1909) was originally described from Mount genitalia microvials (BioQuip Products, Inc.). Some of Shasta, Siskiyou County, California (Banks 1909), and the specimens treated here were cleared and mounted on later recorded from Napa County and Del Norte County slides by WBM for microscopic examination, generally (Ćurčić 1984). Cryptocreagris tibialis (Banks, 1909) is following the procedure outlined by Hoff (1949) but us- known from Florissant, Teller County, Colorado (Banks ing clove oil instead of beechwood creosote for clearing. 1909; Ćurčić 1993). All specimens were studied by MSH using an Olympus The present study commenced after specimens of BH-2 or a Leica DM2500 compound microscopes and Cryptocreagris collected in two Colorado caves were illustrated with the aid of a drawing tube. Measure- submitted to WBM for study. The presence of long ap- ments were taken at the highest possible magnifi cation pendages, large bodies and reduced eyes suggested long using an ocular graticule. Terminology and mensuration isolation in cavernicolous habitats and were worthy of mostly follows Chamberlin (1931), with the exception of description to better understand the subterranean pseu- the nomenclature of the male genitalia (Legg 1975), che- doscorpion fauna of the Rocky Mountains. After the licera (Judson 2007), pedipalps, legs and with some mi- 56 M.S. Harvey, W.B. Muchmore nor modifi cations to the terminology of the trichobothria Genus Cryptocreagris Ćurčić, 1984 (Harvey 1992). Measurements were taken to the nearest 0.005 mm. Cryptocreagris Ćurčić, 1984: 158-160; Ćurčić, 1989: The GPS coordinates of Squeak Cave have been 354; Harvey, 1991: 334; Ćurčić, 1993: 69; Harvey, 2009: rounded to the nearest minute to provide protection for the [unpaginated]. cave (D. Steinmann, in litt., October 2009). Type species Microcreagris laudabilis Hoff, 1956, by original TAXONOMY designation. Family Neobisiidae Chamberlin, 1930 Subfamily Microcreagrinae Balzan, 1892 Diagnosis Cryptocreagris is a member of Microcreagrinae with Diagnosis the following combination of characters: fi xed fi nger of Microcreagrinae differ from Neobisiinae solely in chela with trichobothria et, it and est in distal half, and the presence of a distinct galea on the movable fi nger of eb, esb, ist, isb and ib in proximal half; male genitalia the chelicera. without paired dorsal sac; sternites VI and VII each with a pair of anteriorly placed setae. Remarks The North American neobisiid fauna includes 16 Description genera of which four (Novobisium Muchmore, 1967, Chelicera: large, about 0.5-0.6 as long as carapace; Parobisium Chamberlin, 1930, Roncus L. Koch 1873 hand usually with 7 setae, occasionally with 6 or 8 setae; and Trisetobisium, Ćurčić 1982) are assignable to Neobi- rallum usually with 7-8 blades, but occasionally 10 blades, siinae, and 12 (Alabamocreagris Ćurčić, 1984, Americo- each blade with anterior serrations; galea deeply subdivid- creagris Ćurčić, 1982, Australinocreagris Ćurčić, 1984, ed with each ramus further divided into 2 smaller rami. Cryptocreagris Ćurčić, 1984, Fissilicreagris Ćurčić, Pedipalps: manducatory process of coxa with 5 (oc- 1984, Globocreagris Ćurčić, 1984, Halobisium Cham- casionally 4 or 6) long, apical setae. Chelal fi ngers with berlin, 1930, Lissocreagris Ćurčić, 1981, Minicreagris numerous contiguous marginal teeth. Fixed fi nger of Ćurčić, 1989, Saetigerocreagris Ćurčić, 1984, Tartaro- chela with trichobothria et, it and est in distal half, and creagris Ćurčić, 1984, and Tuberocreagris Ćurčić, 1978) eb, esb, ist, isb and ib in proximal half. Venom apparatus to Microcreagrinae. The distinctions between some of present only in fi xed fi nger. these microcreagrine genera are very slight and the en- Cephalothorax: carapace longer than broad; epi- tire North American fauna requires extensive review to stome small to absent; 2 pairs of eyes, although these understand their evolutionary relationships and generic are greatly reduced in cavernicolous forms; usually with classifi cation. Indeed, it is doubtful that Microcreagrinae 24 setae, but occasionally with 23-29 setae, with 4 near represent a monophyletic taxon, as they are defi ned by a anterior margin, and with 6 (occasionally 5 or 7) near single feature, the presence of a cheliceral galea, which posterior margin. is an obvious plesiomorphy (Murienne et al 2008). The Legs: legs I and II with femur much longer than pa- other neobisiid subfamily, Neobisiinae, is defi ned by the tella, and tarsus longer than metatarsus; legs III and IV reduction of the galea to a sclerotic process (e.g. Beier with the suture between femur and patella nearly per- 1932; Chamberlin 1930). pendicular to the long axis and a little proximad of the The current generic system for North American Mi- middle of the combined segment; subterminal tarsal se- crocreagrinae was developed in a series of papers that pri- tae prominently bifurcate and with small spinules along marily used abdominal setal patterns, mainly in the geni- each branch; arolia shorter than claws. tal area to defi ne the genera (Ćurčić 1978; 1981; 1982a; Abdomen: tergites uniseriate; most sternites unise- 1982b; 1984; 1989; 1993). Muchmore (1994; 2001) and riate, but sternites VI and VII with 2 anteriorly placed Muchmore and Cokendolpher (1995) noted considerable setae; sternite III with marginal row of setae of moderate diffi culties in interpreting some of these morphological size. features and in assigning newly discovered species into Genitalia: male genitalia with conspicuous round the generic classifi cation. Similar problems were found ventral sac, 1 smaller, round or ovoid dorsal sacs, and 2 in assessing the systematic position of the cave-dwell- wrinkled lateral sacs. Female genitalia with small gono- ing species from Colorado examined for this study. De- sac which is covered with scattered pores. spite these uncertainties we here include the new species within Cryptocreagris as it shows obvious similarities to Remarks the type species, C. laudabilis from New Mexico. The re- The diagnostic feature of Cryptocreagris cited by lationship of these species to other neobisiid genera, and Ćurčić (1984; 1989) is the presence of a pair of setae their generic placement, will require an extensive review situated near the mid-line on abdominal sternites VI and of the North American neobisiid fauna which is beyond VII, but not on sternite VIII. Ćurčić (1993) later modi- the scope
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