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Neobisium Carcinoides (Hermann, 1804)

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Neobisium Carcinoides (Hermann, 1804) C. R. Xème Coll. europ. Arachnol., Bull. Soc. sei. Bretagne, 59, n° h.s. 1: 161-174, 1988 NEOBISIUM CARCINOIDES (HERMANN, 1804) (PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA, NEOBISIIDAE) - UNE ESPECE POLYMORPHE? par Volker MAHNERT Mus&um d'Histoire naturelle, case postaZe 434, CH-1211 Genève 6, Suisse RESUME. - Neobisium carcinoides (HERMANN) est une des espèces de Pseudo­ scorpions les plus communes d'Europe. Elle semble, d'après la littéra­ ture, bien définie, mais son identification suscite régulièrement, sur­ tout à l'occasion d'études écologiques, des incertitudes dues à une va­ riabilité apparente de certains caractères. Pour vérifier ce phénomène, de nombreux exemplaires provenant de son aire de répartition et des spé­ cimens-types de plusieurs espèces ont été examinés L'espèce carcinoides est définie par la combinaison de plusieurs caractères morphologiques et méristiques, mais des écotypes légèrement différents l'un de l'autre sem­ blent exister .. L~ur.statut systéma~ique est i l1certain et l'existence d'es- pèces jumelles n'est pas à exclure. Un néotype est désigné pc~r Neobisium carcinoides, les synonymies de Neobisium muscorum (Leach) et N. ger.manicum (Beier)sont confirmées. Neobisium minimum (Beier), considéré jusqu'à pré­ sent comme synonyme de carcinoides, est revalorisé au niveau spécifique en raison de certains indices morphologiques discriminants. INTRODUCTION Neobisium carcinoides (Helhltànn) est, au sens de BEIER (1963), une espèce euryèce et très commune en Europe; l'espèce est signalée de la Scandinavie jusqu'en Italie centrale, de la France jusqu'en Pologne. Elle habite aussi bien. la plaine que la montagne et monte, dans les Alpes, jusqu'à une altitude de 3 000 mètres. L'espèce joue ainsi un certain rô• le dans des études écologiques ou biologiques, et les chercheurs se heur­ tent régulièrement aux problèmes taxonomiques (dus à la grande variabili­ té et plasticité de cette espèce) et simplement aussi aux problèmes de nomemclature. Selon l'ouvrage de référence de BEIER (1963), la synony­ mie renfl.erme, d'une façon sous-entendue, .·approximativement huit noms dif­ férents ; parmi eux, aussi Neobisium muscorum (teach) décrit d'Ecosse et d'Angleterre. Cette synonymie n'a pas été acceptée unanimement, et cer­ tains chercheurs ont préféré conserver le nom muscorum (p. ex. GABBUTT et VACHON 1965, GODDARD 1979). L'étude de population de Neobisium muscorum publiée par GABBUTT et VACHON (1965) représentait le premier pas vers une meilleure définition de cette espèce et mettait en évidence une variabilité considérable de certains caractères, sans que le problème de carcinoides/muscorum soit traité. LEGG (1975) apportait des précisions sur la morphologie génita­ le de mruscorum et d'autres espèces britanniquesde la famille des Neobi­ siidae. et MARNERT, en 1979, sortait chironomum L.Koch de la synonymie de carcinoides en co.nfirmant son statut spécifique. Le problème de la différence ou identité des espèces carcinoides Hermann (décrite des environs de Strasbourg) et.musaorum Leach (décri­ te d'Ecosse et d'Angletèrre) ·reposait·surtout.sur.l'absenced'un spé­ cimen-type de carcinoides et par conséquent, sur une définition assez - 161 - Neobisium carcinoides (Hennann, 1804) - Une espèce polymorphe? vague de ce taxon. Afin d'apporter une solution à ce problème et de fa­ ciliter de futures études, j'ai récolté, à la localité typique de car­ cinoides~ une série de spécimens et je me vois dans l'obligation d'en décrire un néotype. L'étude de ces spécimens complétée par l'examen de nombreux exemplaires provenant de différents pays de l'aire de réparti­ tion de carcinoides/muscorum permet de cerner un peu mieux la variabili­ té des caractères taxonomiques de ces populations diverses et de mettre en évidence les caractères communs à toutes les formes de ce complexe. Les résultats obtenus soulignent aussi l'existence d'au moins deux éco­ types (?) ou phénotypes (?), qui sont, dans certaines localités, bien distincts, dans d'autres, reliés par des formes intermédiaires. Ces deux formes paraissent être, en plus, sympatriques et même syntopiques, mais seules des études autécologiques pourraient apporter la preuve de la syn­ topie. Liste des stations Angleterre: Devon, Harpford Wood, near Sidmouth, 19. P.D. Gabbutt, 24.IX.1964 Oxon, Lambridge Wood, Henley-on Thames, 19. P.D. Gabbutt, 9.VI. 1963 Wilts, Blackmore Copse, 19. P.D.Gabbutt, 20.X.1963 Autriche: Basse-Autriche, Soheibbs, Gaming, Neuhaus, tg.F. Ressl, XI.1978 ; Scheibbs, Purgstall, tg. F. Ressl, XI.1978 Vienne, Wienerwald, Gütenbachtal, 19. W. Bittermann, 1983. Tirol, Otztal, Obergurgl, 1900 m, 19. E. Meyer, 8.X.1976 ; Stams . feuilles mortes d'une forêt de chênes, tg. E. Meyer,X. 1979 Belgique: Gaume, Ethe-Buzenol, tg.J. Kekenbosch, III-VIII. 1981 Hautes-Fagnes, Mt. Rigi, 19. J. Kekenbosch, III-1978 Ecosse: Aberdeen, Dinnet Wood, 19. P.D.Gabbutt, 12.VI.1965 France: Ain, Col de la Faucille, pied paroi rochers,.lg. Cl. Besuchet, 22.X.1975 ; grotte du Cormoran, Torcieu, Ig. J.D.Bourne, 1975 Alsace, Forêt de Neuhof, 7 km S de Strasbourg, 19. V. Mahnert, 30. V.1982 ; Salm près Schirmeck, forêt de pins, 19. V.Mahnert, VIII. 1973 Ardèche, Lalouvesc, sous fougères et dans mousses, 19. V.Mahnert, II. IX. 1978 Ardennes, Forêt de Sedan; tg. E.Duffey, 27.IV.1978 Drôme, Forêt de Leute, tg. J .-:C1.Régnier ,5 .IV. 1963 Hongrie : Hortobagy, Uj szentmargita;1, 19. S ~Mahunka, IV. 1976 Italie: Tirol du Sud, Fanes~Alm, 19. A.Kofler, VII. 1978 . env. Lac de Garde, Riva, Mte Brione, Ig.K. Thaler, 28.IX.1963; Bezzecca, Val Concei, 19. K. Thaler, 24.IX.1963. Lazio, Mte Venere, Lago di Vico, 19. M. Cerruti, 19.IV.1961 Rép. Allemagne fédérale: Bade-Wurtemberg, Ettlinger Forst, Karlsruhe, 19. M.Braun, X.1979 Basse-Saxe, Brockhagen, Gütersloh, 19. B.Gerken, 28.VII.1986 Hesse, Klein-Berg près Rasdorf, 19. V.Puthz, 2t.VIII.1977 Rép,i. Allemagne démocratique: Dresden, Borsberggebiet, oberhalbRys­ selkuppe, piège, Ig. S.Heimer, 111.1981 env. Dresden, Hoderitz'- Gr. Zschand, Schneeloch, tamisage, 28.IX. 1971 (Mus. Dresden) Hintersâchsische Schweiz, Bielagrd., piège, 470 m; 19. Dr. Feiler, VI. 1966 Suisse: Berne, Laupen, dans la forêt Ig.A.Comellini, 13.VII.1983 Jura, Boucourt-Buix, feuilles mortes, tg. C. Besuchet, II.III.1978 Neuchâtel, Vaumarcus, pied érable, 19. CI.Besuchet, 6.XI.1984 Schwyz, Bargen, vieilles souches, 19. Cl. Besuchet , 23.III.1978 Thurgovie, Kesswil, 19. J .D.Bourne,20.XII.1977 Vaud, Les Echadets sur Machissy, 1300m, 19. A. Comellini, 18.IV.1976 - 162- Bull. Soc. sei. Bretagne, MAHNERT 59, 1988 Neobisium carcinoides (Hermann, 1804) CheZifel' aarainoides 1804, Mém. apt., p.188, p1.5, fig.6 (env. Stras­ bourg) • Obisium aal'ainoides~ C.L. KOCH, in C.W. HAHN et C.L.KOCH, 1843, Arach. 10 : 65, pl. 344, fig. 798. Neobisium aarainoides~ BEIER, 1932, Tierreich 57 : 94-95, fig. 102. Matériel examiné: France, Alsace, Forêt de Neuhof, 7 km sud de 9.tras­ bourg, 19. V. Mahnert, 30.V.1982 : 1 cf néotype, 4cf 5~ ,1 tritonymphe. Description du néotype : Céphalothorax à peine plus long que large ; é­ pistome très peu saillant, arrondi; 4 grands yeux, les antérieurs éloi­ gnés du bord antérieur du céphalothorax d'un demi-diamètre ; 23 macro­ chètes (4-8-4-7) et une microchète préoculaire de chaque côté. Soies tergales: 7-12-13-14-12-13-14-13-12-12-11 (4 soies tactiles) ; 4 soies distales à chaque lobe maxillaire, hanches des pattes-mâchoires 9-10, hanches l 6-7, II 6-7, III 6-7, IV 9-12, processus antérieur latéral des hanches l bien saillant, angle médian. arrondi orné .de quelques spicules; 10 soies (dont 3 discales) sur l'opercule génital, ·sternite III portant 18 soies marginales et 18 soies discales centrales, IV 18, 3 soies le long de chaque sti~ata, les sternites suivants avec 15 à 18 soies, 4 soies tactiles sur le sternite X, 7 soies (dont 2 soies tactiles) sur le dernier sternite ; cône anal avec 2 soies dorsales et 2 ventrales; à l' intérieur de la chambre génitale 7 soies, structure sclérotisée identi­ que à celle figurée par LEGG (1975), sacs génitaux latéraux bien dévelop~ pés et courbés en avant, sac génital médian large et court, partie mince antérieure assez longue ; chélicères : tubercule fileur large, mais très peu saillant ; doigt mobile orné de 14 dents presque égales, doigt fixe orné d'environ 15 dents égales; 7 soies sur la main (fig. 2) ; serrule externe à 24 lamelles, flagelle à 8 soies rigides, dont les 2 antérieures sont dentelées au bord antérieur. Pattes-mâchoires ; ,trochanter avec un tubercule ventral peu distinct ; fémur lisse, avec court pédicule, face externe concave, de nombreuses soies longues et fines sur la face inter­ ne, 4,4 fois aussi long que large, et'.'.nettement plus long que le céphalo­ thorax, tibia 2,6 fois aussi long que large, échancrure de l'articulation assez profonde (x/y = 0,93), .main avec pédoncule 1,7 fois aussi longue que large, avec de nombreuses soies. longues surtout sur la face interne, à la base du doigt mobile un. tubercule externe et deux internes, doigts 1,3 fois aussi longs que:~la main avec pédoncule, pince avec pédoncule 3,8 aussi longue que large. Dents inégales sur toute la longueur du doigt fixe, 2 à 4 petites entre 2 grandes, dents égales sur le doigt mobile, 9 dents distales pointues revenant à la base de la pointe légè­ rement sur la partie latérale du doigt, 20 dents jusqu'à la trichobothrie t 3 dents aplaties mais nettes juaqu'à la base du doigt; 70 dents au doigt fixe, 55 dents au doigt mobile. Trichobothries (fig. 7) : it~ et~ est formant un groupe d~sta1 par rapport à t~ it distal de et~ est équi­ distance entre it êt ist.
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