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(Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae) from Yunnan Province, China

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© Entomologica Fennica. 30 November 2017 A new cave-dwelling species of Bisetocreagris Æurèiæ (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae) from Yunnan Province, China Yun-Chun Li, Ai-Min Shi & Huai Liu* Li, Y.-C., Shi, A.-M. & Liu, H. 2017: A new cave-dwelling species of Biseto- creagris Æurèiæ (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae) from Yunnan Pro- vince, China. — Entomol. Fennica 28: 212–218. A new pseudoscorpion species, Bisetocreagris xiaoensis Li&Liu,sp. n.,isde- scribed and illustrated from specimens collected in caves in Yanjin County, Yunnan Province, China. An identification key is provided to all known cave- dwelling representatives of the genus Bisetocreagris in the world. Y.-C. Li, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400700, China; E-mail: [email protected] A.-M. Shi, Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, Institute of Rare Animals & Plants, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, China; E-mail: [email protected] H. Liu (*Corresponding author), College of Plant Protection, Southwest Univer- sity, Beibei, Chongqing 400700, China; E-mail: [email protected] Received 12 May 2017, accepted 10 July 2017 1. Introduction exterior sub-basal trichobothria being located on the lateral distal side of the hand, thus five The pseudoscorpion subfamily Microcreagrinae trichobothria are grouped basally (Mahnert & Li Balzan belongs to the family Neobisiidae Cham- 2016). berlin. It is divided into 32 genera with only three At present, the genus Bisetocreagris contains genera, Bisetocreagris Æurèiæ, 1983, Microcre- 35 species and 1 subspecies and is widely distrib- agris Balzan, 1892 and Stenohya Beier, 1967 uted in Afghanistan, China, India, Japan, Kyr- having been reported from China (Harvey 2013, gyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Philippines, Pakistan, Mahnert & Li 2016). Russia, Tajikistan, Thailand, Uzbekistan and The genus Bisetocreagris, with Microcre- Vietnam (Harvey 2013, Mahnert & Li 2016, Guo agris annamensi Beier, 1951 (by original desig- & Zhang 2017). So far, 21 species have been re- nation) (Harvey 2013) as the type species, is char- ported from China (Table 1, including also the acterized by the terminal exterior and interior new species described here). Of the species that trichobothria situating near the tip of the distal have been described, most live in leaf litter of fo- finger, the sub-terminal exterior trichobothria be- rests. However, nine species, the so-called ing isolated in the distal half of the fixed finger, cavernicolous species or troglobites and includ- the interior basal, interior sub-basal and interior ing the new one described here, are found in sub-terminal trichobothria being grouped closely China only in few caves currently. together at the finger base, the exterior basal and During the identification of pseudoscorpion ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 28 • A new pseudoscorpion species from China 213 Table 1. Reported 21 species and a new species of Bisetocreagris from China. Species Distribution References B. annamensis (Beier, 1951) Xishuangbanna County, Schawaller 1995, Yunnan Province Harvey 2013 B. baozinensis Mahnert & Li, 2016 Gulin County, Sichuan Province Mahnert & Li 2016 B. cavernarum Mahnert & Li, 2016 Beibei County, Chongqing Province Mahnert & Li 2016 B. cheni Jia, Zhao & Zhu, 2010 Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province Harvey 2013, Guo & Zhang 2017 B. chinacavernicola (Schawaller, 1995) Huaying County, Sichuan Province Mahnert & Li 2016 B. chuanensis Mahnert & Li, 2016 Xinhua County, Guizhou Province Mahnert & Li 2016 B. indochinensis (Redikorzev, 1938) Xishuangbanna County, Schawaller 1995, Yunnan Province Harvey 2013 B. juanxuae Mahnert & Li, 2016 Xinwen County, Sichuan Province Mahnert & Li 2016 B. kaznakovi (Redikorzev, 1918) Rivière Tshok-tshio and Redikorzev 1918, Monts Amnenkor, Xizang Autonomous Region Guo & Zhang 2017 B. kwantungensis (Beier, 1967) Tsin Leong San, Guangdong Province Beier 1967, Harvey 2013 B. lampra (Chamberlin, 1930) Wuyishan County, Fujian Province Schawaller 1995, Harvey 2013 B. martii (Mahnert, 2003) Zhenxiong County, Yunnan Province Mahnert & Li 2016 B. nankingensis Æurèiæ, 1983 Nanjing County, Jiangsu Province Schawaller 1995, Harvey 2013 B. orientalis (Chamberlin, 1930) Linan County, Zhejiang Province Harvey 2013 B. parva Guo & Zhang, 2017 Tonglu County, Zhejiang Province Guo & Zhang 2017 B. scaurum (Mahnert, 2003) Zhenxiong County, Yunnan Province Mahnert & Li 2016 B. silvestrii (Chamberlin, 1930) Emei County, Sichuan Province; Schawaller 1995, Huaxi County, Guizhou Province; Harvey 2013 Henshan County, Hunan Province; Linan County, Zhejiang Province B. thailandica Schawaller, 1994 Xishuangbanna County, Yunnan Province Schawaller 1995, Harvey 2013 B. titanium (Mahnert, 2003) Zhenxiong County, Yunnan Province Mahnert & Li 2016 B. ussuriensis (Redikorzev, 1934) Changbai County, Jilin Province Schawaller 1995, Laiyuan County, Hebei Province Harvey 2013 B. xiaoensis Li & Liu, sp. n. Yanjin County, Yunnan Province This article B. yangae Guo & Zhang, 2017 Huangshan County, Anhui Province Guo & Zhang 2017 specimens collected from Yunnan Province in pace correspond to length/breadth, those of legs 2017, a new cavernicolous species of Biseto- to length/depth. The term “rallum” (for fla- creagris was found, which is described here. gellum) is adopted following Judson (2007). The terminology of trichobothria follows Chamberlin (1931) and Harvey (1992), the measurements fol- 2. Materials and methods low Chamberlin (1931). The type specimens of the new species as well The new species was collected by hand from a as all the specimens of the other studied species cave under rocks where the place is very humid. are deposited in the collections of the Museum of The specimens were conserved in 75% ethanol. Southwest University (MSWU), Chongqing They were cleared in acid lactic for 12–24 h at City, China. room temperature and returned after washing in The following abbreviations are used in the distilled water to alcohol after examination. The text for the trichobothria: b = basal, eb =exterior specimens were analyzed with a Leica M205C basal, esb = exterior subbasal, ib = interior basal, stereomicroscope and Olympus BX51 general sb = sub-basal, isb = interior sub-basal, t =termi- optical microscope. nal, et = exterior terminal, it = interior terminal, st The measurements are given in mm. Propor- = sub-terminal, ist = interior sub-terminal, est = tions and measurements of pedipalps and cara- exterior sub-terminal. 214 Li et al. • ENTOMOL. FENNICA Vol. 28 3. Taxonomy Yun-Chun Li leg. Paratypes: 7# and 10$, same data as holotype. Family Neobisiidae Chamberlin, 1930 Diagnosis. Troglobiont habitus. Carapace Subfamily Microcreagrinae Balzan, 1892 with 2 indistinct lense (anterior) eyes; carapace Genus Bisetocreagris Æurèiæ, 1983 with 6 setae on posterior margin, tergite I with 7 setae; chelicera with teeth of movable finger on thickened lamella, rallum with 7–8 blades, the 3.1. Material of Bisetocreagris distal one with expanded base. The new species is species examined most similar to B. scaurum (Mahnert, 2003), but can be distinguished (new species vs. B. scau- rum) from the pinnate setae of cheliceral rallum B. martii (Mahnert, 2003):1# and 2$, Yunnan (8 vs. 9), chaetotaxy of tergites I (7 vs. 6) and Province, Zhenxiong County, Wude town, fixed finger of pedipalps (163–171 vs. 105). Xiao Guo Quan cave, 27°29.712’ N, 104° Description. Male (Fig. 3a). Colouration: 44.678’ E, 1,301 m, 9.IV.2017, Yun-Chun Li Carapace, pedipalps and chelicera brown, tergites leg. darker, legs slightly yellowish. B. titanium (Mahnert, 2003): 2$, YunnanProvin- Carapace: With 2 (anterior) eyes with indis- ce, Zhenxiong County, Wude town, Xiao Guo tinct lense, about 3.0–3.5 diameters of the ante- Quan cave, 27°29.712’ N, 104°44.678’ E, rior margin; Anterior margin of carapace dis- 1,301 m, 9.IV.2017, Yun-Chun Li leg. tinctly narrow (Fig. 1a), 1.21–1.25 longer than B. baozinensis Mahnert & Li, 2016: 5# and 6$, broad, epistome a distinct triangle, with sharped Sichuan province, Gulin County, Yuhua apices; chaetotaxy 6:9–10:4–5:6 (25–27), town, Bao Zi cave, 28.01458° N, 106.05209° anterolateral setae much shorter than others. E, 954 m, 22.IV.2014, Yun-Chun Li & Yu- Tergal chaetotaxy: 7:6:6:6:6:7:8:8:9:9:6–8 (2 Cheng Lin leg. tactile setae):4. Sternite III with anteromedian B. juanxuae Mahnert & Li, 2016: 7# and 13$, groove flanked by one small seta on each side, Sichuan province, Xingwen County, Shihai with 19–20 long setae (5 medial discal setae)+4– town, Dao cave, 28.18900° N, 105.12118° E, 6 suprastigmal setae. IV–XII: 16–17:19–20: 840 m, 17.X.2015, Yun-Chun Li leg.; 5# and 18:18:16:16:13–14:3–4 (2 lateral tactile setae):4. 9$, Sichuan province, Xingwen County, Manducatory process rounded, with 5 (4–5 on Shihai town, Tian Yang cave, 28.19094° N, right side) marginal setae. Pedipalpal coxa with 105.13734° E, 835 m, 18.X.2015, Yun-Chun 6–7 setae, two lyrifissures, coxa I 10–11, II 6–7, Li leg. III 4–5, IV 11–12. Genital operculum of male B. cavernarum Mahnert & Li, 2016: 3# and 5$, (Fig. 2h) with 39–48 setae, lateral marginal setae Chongqing, Beibei, Jindaoxia town, Er Long longer than middle ones. cave, 30.05539° N, 106.62385° E, 776 m, Cheliceral palm (Fig. 2e): 6–7 long, with thin 8.X.2015, Yun-Chun Li leg. setae, ventrobasal seta shorter than others, palm B. chuanensis Mahnert & Li, 2016: 2# and 1$, with moderate hispid granulation dorsally. Fixed Guizhou province, Jinsha County, Xinhua cheliceral finger with 13–14 teeth, distal tooth town, Chuan cave, 27°23.797’ N, 106° larger than the others; movable finger on the left 06.104’ E, 1,387 m, 2.X.2015, Yun-Chun Li with 1 (in the middle)–2 setae (in the middle and leg. near distal 1/3), on the right only with 1 setae (Fig. 2f), with 11–12 teeth, the medial ones on thickened lamella. Galea (Fig. 2e–f): a short slen- 3.2. Description of Bisetocreagris xiaoensis der transparent rod on left chelicera. Serrula exte- Li & Liu, sp.
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  • Section IV – Guideline for the Texas Priority Species List

    Section IV – Guideline for the Texas Priority Species List

    Section IV – Guideline for the Texas Priority Species List Associated Tables The Texas Priority Species List……………..733 Introduction For many years the management and conservation of wildlife species has focused on the individual animal or population of interest. Many times, directing research and conservation plans toward individual species also benefits incidental species; sometimes entire ecosystems. Unfortunately, there are times when highly focused research and conservation of particular species can also harm peripheral species and their habitats. Management that is focused on entire habitats or communities would decrease the possibility of harming those incidental species or their habitats. A holistic management approach would potentially allow species within a community to take care of themselves (Savory 1988); however, the study of particular species of concern is still necessary due to the smaller scale at which individuals are studied. Until we understand all of the parts that make up the whole can we then focus more on the habitat management approach to conservation. Species Conservation In terms of species diversity, Texas is considered the second most diverse state in the Union. Texas has the highest number of bird and reptile taxon and is second in number of plants and mammals in the United States (NatureServe 2002). There have been over 600 species of bird that have been identified within the borders of Texas and 184 known species of mammal, including marine species that inhabit Texas’ coastal waters (Schmidly 2004). It is estimated that approximately 29,000 species of insect in Texas take up residence in every conceivable habitat, including rocky outcroppings, pitcher plant bogs, and on individual species of plants (Riley in publication).
  • Pseudoscorpions

    Pseudoscorpions

    Colorado Arachnids of Interest Pseudoscorpions Class: Arachnida Order: Pseudoscorpiones Identification and Descriptive Features: Pseudoscorpions are tiny arachnids (typically Figure 1. Pseudoscorpion ranging from 1.25-4.5 mm body length). They possess pedipalps modified into pincers in a manner similar to scorpions. However, they differ in other features, notably possessing a broad, flattened abdomen that lacks the well developed tail and stinger. Approximately 200 species of pseudoscorpions have been described from North America. A 1961 review of pseudoscorpions within Colorado listed 30 species; however, these arachnids have only rarely been subjects for collection so their occurrence and distribution within Colorado is poorly known. The pseudoscorpion most often found within buildings is Chelifer cancroides, sometimes known as the “house pseudoscorpion”. It is mahogany brown color with a body length of about 3-4 mm and long pedipalps that may spread 8 mm across. Distribution in Colorado: Almost all pseudoscorpions that occur in Colorado are associated with forested areas although a few prairie species do occur. Conifer forests, including scrublands of pinyon and juniper, support several species. Others occur in association with Gambel oak and aspen. The house pseudoscorpion has an unusually broad distribution and is found associated with human dwellings over wide areas of North America and Europe. Life History and Habits: Pseudoscorpions usually occur under rocks, among fallen leaves or needles, under bark or similar moist sites where they hunt mites, springtails and small insects. Typically they wait in ambush within small crevices and grab passing prey with the pincers. In most species, connected to the movable “finger” of the pincer is a venom gland.