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The First London Mormons: 1840-1845: "What Am I and My Brethren Here For?"

The First London Mormons: 1840-1845: "What Am I and My Brethren Here For?"

University BYU ScholarsArchive

Theses and Dissertations

1988

The First : 1840-1845: "What Am I and My Brethren Here For?"

Lynne Watkins Jorgensen - Provo

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BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Jorgensen, Lynne Watkins, "The Mormons: 1840-1845: "What Am I and My Brethren Here For?"" (1988). Theses and Dissertations. 4841. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4841

This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. THE FIRSTF I1 rst LONDON MORMONS 1840 1845

WHAT AM I1 AND MY BRETHREN HERE FOR

A thesis

presented to the

department of history

brigham young university

in partial fulfillment

of the requirements for the degree

master of arts

by

lynne watkins jorgensen

december 19551988 this thesis by lanonelynone lynne watkinswati ms jorgensen is accepted in its presentpre i nt form by the department of history of brigham young univeruniversityolty as sattsatisfyingfylng the thesis requirement for the degree ofor lastermaster1 of arts

V ay H yy davidjfpratt committee chairman ddneow filsjhfitsmitsb jh C 0 104vl V robertfilsC kenzer lycommittee member

9 aw 2 20a C 9 00avqldyolayaldyoldy 6w C ilffns date david C montgomery grdujgraduatete focoordinator

11 TABLE OF CONTENTS

list of tables and charts iv list of maps iv list of illustrations iv

PREFACE V

CHAPTER

I1 I1 I1 ON I1 introductionNTRODUCT 1

II11I1 I1 LONDON 1840

THE TWO SIDES OF THE EARLY VICTORIAN CITY 15

III111 LONDON MORMON lii demographics 1840451840 45 43 43.43 IV nonconformist LONDON AND 6262.62

V ALONG THE FROM LONDON TO ZION 8383.83

VI LONDONERS IN THEIR communities 96gg96.96 vilVIIVI I1 conclusions the poulter saga 115 conclusions 1288

APPENDIX I1 london branches organization history 133 APPENDIX II11 occupation status classification 135135.135 APPENDIX illliiIII111111 notes on frederick piercy membership 137 APPENDIX IVI1 V names of london cormonsmormons whoemigratedWho Emigrated 142 APPENDIX V london convert members of the willwiilwi I1 I1 iei e martin handcart companies of 185615561856. 147 APPENDIX VIV I1 james godson bleak letters to london 149 APPENDIX VII descendant persistence family records 152 APPENDIX VIIIVI I1 I1 information abbreviations and family

history library call numbers 155 155.155 APPENDIX IX london cormonsmormons membership list 156

bibliography OF WORKS CITED 205205.205

iii LIST OF TABLES

I1 london mormon converts by birthplace 4646.46

ILII11 occupation status percentages 5555.55

illililiiIII111 age of london converts at time of baptism 59595.599

IVI1 V recorded baptism percentages by year 7979.79 LIST OF CHARTS

I1 london borough status identification 5050.50

II11 occupation lists westnorthwestworthWest North males 5151.51 ililiiIII111 occupation list eastsoutheast5outhEast South malesmaies 535553.53

IVI1 V occupation list females 5454.54 V london mormon convert family groups gl6161.61

VIV 1 london conference leadership 78 78.78 vilVIIVI 1 tentative missionary conversion numbers bi8181.81

VIIIVI 11 london branches leadership 8282.82

IXI1 X occupation persistence and convert estate 113

LISTL I1 ST OF MAPS

I1 westnorthwestworthWest North eastsouthEast South 4242.42 II11 shires counties of 47 47.47 illliiIII111 conversion residential patterns 4149dg.49

LIST OF illustrations

I1 15411841 census and benlbenjbenj morgan 151313.13 II11 1841 census henry morgan on georges row 14 ilililIII111 occupation artifacts including 114 james staples n3nahasonbasonnasonqol7 s time book deseret currency brigham city cooperative signed by william lampard watkins iv PREFACEP ACE

london is the hardest place I1 have ever visited for establishingestablisestablishcinqhinq the gospel it is full of everything but righteousness 1 50 wrote with fervor and indignation on 2 5eptemberib40september 1840 woodruff would neither believe nor accept the slow response the mormon american received in the teeming metropolis A revealing article by james 13 alienallenailen and malcolm R thorpe in the summer 1975 issue of BYU studies concerning the of the twelve to england illustrates his frustration the report details the successful efforts of the early miss- ionariesionlonio ariesartesnarles throughout the british isles then adds two brief pages which sum up the london effort as the greatest disappointment of the proselyting careers of the missionaries

george A smith wilford woodruff and heber C kimball opened up the london area in august 1840 smith left after just twenty two short days having become dangerously ill in the polluted city environment kimball also departed to fitfillpli a more friendly assignment brigham young joined wilford woodruff for a few weeks in december except for a few days in september woodruff remained in london until the men were recalled to nauvoo in february 1841 london remained indifferent to the fact that in its midst were men who would one day be called prophets of the lord by october 56

1scottoescottoscott 0 kenney ed wilford woodruff journals 17 volsvois midvale utah signature books 198315061983 1506 hereafter cited woodruff clournijournals91s v 15401840 these master missionaries had only gathered eleven members which compared dismally with other english conferences where members joined by the hundreds in may 15411841 lorenzo snow who replaced the original missionary apostles reported only sixty three membersmembers22f lorenzo further complained inm a letter to george A smith that london was a seat of satan from which his predecessors had so fortunately escaped 3

I1 have been fascinated and curious about this effort for sometime as my great great grandparents were baptized inm london in october 15401840 their son my great grandfather and his sister were baptized in may 15411841 there is no record in the london conference of this family though they appear in the 15411841 london fosburyfmsburyfinsburyFinsbury census they migrated to nauvoo in december 15411841 on the ship emeraldemer and were part of the later westward trek they and their descendants have since been closely involved with the mormon church

I1 have been challenged to learn if the london effort of the first missionaries was really a disaster in numbers or in descendant activity

1 lorenzo snow also a future prophet confided further I want your for the powers of darkness are great in this city and I1 shall soon be left alone being assisted only by those who are infants in the kingdom 4 this thesis demonstrates that the london mission was successful between 1840451840 45 and that the infants in the kingdom developed into men

qosephdoseph2joseph smith jr history of thefeieefee churchcarcy of jesuslletustas christ of lattertattertatten dahdaveavday saints58ints ed B H roberts 7vo1s7 volsvois SLC press 1946501946 50 4360 hereafter cited &5toryofhistory of thefleeflye church

lorenzo snew to georgegeorgeaoeorgeaA smith 1 dec 1840 as quoted by james B alienallenailen and malcolm R thorpe mission of the twelve to england BYU Stastustudiesoliesvliesvexes 155 summersummer 19755101975 510

francisaf4franciancls bibbonsoibbonsgi bbons Llorenzoorel7zo snow SLC deseret book press 1985 p 33 vi and women of stature in addition new insight is provided on the origins of early victorian london cormonsMormormonsmons

I1 have had much encouragement in developing this thesis I1 would ikeilkelikeI1 to thank the many individuals who helped me with each step I1 am espe- cially grateful to my husband dr leland H jorgensen for sharing his remarkable editing skills and my father victor H watkins who listenedHstenedbened patiently to my stories of the london cormonsMormormonsmons I1 appreciate the careful guidance of dr david H pratt my thesis advisor and the members of his committee dr james 5 alienallenailen who chaired my orals committee helped me greatly in the final stage of editing I1 also appreciate linda L haslam my friend from the ldald5 church history department who called my attention to a definitive article which I1 had missed finally I1 would like to thankchank1hank jonathan bennett and dr raymond 5 wright my supervisors in the for their unfailing encouragement and support

VII APTERCHAPTER I1 introduction

what am I1 and my brethren here for fretted wilford woodruff in his london journal on 18 august 1840 1 neither woodruff nor later students of mormon history have fully appreciated the impact of the churchs early experience in london and there has been little definitive research for this reason this thesis considers in detaldetailI1 the first london cormonsmormons between the years 1840 and 1845 its main purposes are as follows

01 to identify the london converts during the years 1840451840 45 2 to show them demographically in comparison with losLDS church and british civil records for this period 3 to discuss their london neighborhoods and cultural backgrounds 4 to discuss nonconformist influences and responses 5 to identify those who emigrated to the USA 6 to identify those who followed brigham young to the 7 to explain the cultural influences which they brought to the west 8 to introduce london mormon journals and american missionary journals appropriate to this period

I11 scott 60 kenney ed wilford woodruff journals 7 vols midvale utah signature books 1983 1494 hereafter cited wiw11fordI1 fordterptorp woodruffwooo1ruffl1oyr1781sjournals 2

in choosing to study the years 1840 to 1845 several important factors have been considered obviously when studying anything concerning a city as large and diverse as london one must draw boundaries for the subject is simply overwhelming therefore a chronological limit becomes a logical limit the beginning date of 1840 is an obvious choice as it was in august of that year when the first missionaries of the church of jesus christ of latter day 5ants2saints2 wilford woodruff george A smith and heber

C kimbal I1 appeared in the city 3 in choosing 18454 as the approximate ending date events of mormon religious significance have been noted primarily the death of on 27 june 1844 smithssmiths5miths death led to a brief disorganization of the church in america and a temporary slowing of the missionary effort these dates 1840451840 45 also preceded church organized emigration projects and the perpetual emigration fund although some early london mormon converts were eventually able to utilize the fund as part of their effort the year 1845 saw the return to london of wilford woodruff one of the original missionaries to that city on 23 june 1845 he rounded out the memory of his first visit by commenting in his journaljournalsjournal55 of his joy at bearing his testimony before about three hundred saints

21hethe church of jesus christ of latter day saints is the official name for the mormon church

30greatergreatenreaterneaterneaten london and the center are identified as the city with a capital C

athe4the year 1845 is ootnot an exact concluding date it is impossible when dealing with human lives to cut things off at a specific point as there is always overlapping Individualindividualswithindividualsswithsithwith baptisms after 1845 have been included when there were family members in the church before that time some of the later dates may also reflect a rebaptism which was very traditional

5wheneverwhenever manuscript sources are quoted all original spelling punctuation and grammar has been left intact when I1 reflectreflectelect back to 1840 and remember the time when I1 first brought the gospel to london in company with elder kimball & G A smith & we walked the streets of london for about 30 days before we baptized a soul & after about six months labour we established a branch of about 40 members and the work from that time untill the present had slowly progressed through all difficulty until the light was growing brighter & brighter & prospect of many souls being brought unto the kingdom of god 6

secondary considerations in choosing 18404518404515404515401840 45 to definedef lneine the parameters of this study involve the history and nature of london itself london in the first half of the nineteenth century was an entirely different city than the london which developed toward the end this fact is well demonstrated by major london and british historians and sociologists who divide british nineteenth century history into early and late victorianVictorlanortan 7 queen victoria began her reign in 1837 but her greatest influence would be felt in the second half of the nineteenth century early victorian london still was a conglomeration of small villages some almost rural in nature ann prior jarvis an early london convert wrote movingly of her childhood home in the borough of it was a pretty place the grass was very tall the green fields butterbuttercupscups and

6 muford woodruffwooolruffllourlwlsjournals 2506

7examplesexamples are JFC harrison thetaetye farlyearly victorians nineteenth century britain 1832511832 515 glascowolascowOlascow william collins & son 1984 ronald walker cradling the rise of the dospeloospel in early victorian england sybBYU studies 27 winter 1987 125 and hugh mcleod in his study on london 185119001851 1900 classoless eldand rellionrelqionrejigion in the latefatetaterate victorian city london croon helm ltd 1974 4 daisies made it appear as a beautiful garden 8 henry savage a convert of 1844 reminisced of the butterflies he caught in the fields of Spitalspitalfieldsspitalfspitale ieldsfields his childhood home and of his unhappiness when a toad devoured them ali 9 transportation was still by foot or at best by horse or horse omnibus the train would not be available for the city dweller until later in the century in fact most inhabitants were residents of what was called the walking suburbs a circumstance which predated the widespread availability of horse drawn transtransporttransportionportionionlon 10 wilford woodruff commented dflydajyvaiamaiadaly concerning the exact miles he needed to cover in order to visit each member of the london conference proving that separate parts of the city were generally within walking distance in the the bicycle did not appear in london until 1839 the establishment of these walking suburbs such as somers town or was quite feasible when the distance between the edge of built up london and the center was two miles or less and people were willing to walk this was obviously a period of overcrowdedness in 1840 missionary george A smith complained

the cries of pedlarspedlaryped lars the noise of thousands of wagons coaches and gigs with the night songs of streetwalkersstreetwalkers served

sanngannann prior jarvis A short sketch reel 126 ouide to the name index of the narmannormannormonmormon mariesdiariesjaries in the LL ibraryibr8rylibrary of congress hereafter cited harmonbarmonthormonttormonmormon diaries in Llibrary of Oonaunouncongressgress

echiephi miles savage memoirs of henry savage and family reel 612 narmanmormon diaries in the LZ ibraryibr8rylibrary of congress

eavinbavin100avinoavin weightman and steve humphries thetaetye flaking of modern londeilondoilondonfondon london sedgewick and jackson limited 19851986 p 99 5

to keep us country men awake till overcome by the labors of the day we finally sank into forgetfullnessforgetfullness 111 1 cheap lodging houses abounded and often large families lived in a singlesingies i ng I1 e room greatergreater ondonlondonL had growgrownn fromtromfrom justj ust under one millionm iiitil111 i on in1 n 1800 to around two and one half million in 1850 still not the six million which would be calling london home in 1900ICOO 12 A final reason for choosing 1840451840 45 as the parameters of this study deals with the religious factor in the second half of the nineteenth century many church buildings and congregations of all persuasions closed as the population began to move out of london proper leaving the city center to financial institutions or government this factor would influence the success or failure of later mormon missionary efforts and would make it difficult to compare with the 18404515404515401840 45 crusade by presenting a different set of circumstances this study basically deals with five aspects of the london mormon missionary effort between 18404515404515401840 45 these subjects are considered in five definitive chapters plus an introductory chapter and a conclusion

chapter II11 provides specific information about the physical and historical arrangement of the london neighborhood environment of which the westnorthwestworthwest north eastsoutheast south divisions are recognized by historians and sociologists 13 the london convert residents also fit naturally into these

lderidenI1 I1 EIderdenider1 OeorgeorgeaoeorgeageorgeongeAge A smith5mam ith journal of travelstraveistravels in england 18f84040 MSM S F 9696 libraryL i braryany archives historical department the church of jesus christ of latter day saints utah hereafter cited as LDS church archives

12weightman12weightman and humphries the7benekingofmodelflaking of modernn Londonlondonjandonjondon 181518 faf5 1914p999 f 4 p 99

13a11AH of the historians quoted thoughoutthoughthroughoutout this paper have accepted this division and written their texts arardinglyaccordinglydingly including J F C harrison richard mudiesmithmudie smithsmtth and george haws hugh mcleod charles booth bavinoavin weightman and steve humphries LCB seamans and JJjjtobiasJ J tobias 6 two divisions with their individual challenges and problems this chapter introduces the missionaries into the london environment of 1840 and allows us to see the city as they found it it then follows them out from the center to confront the distinct difference in life between the westnorthwestworthwest north and eastsoutheast south ends of

chapter illliiIII111 introduces demographically the specific individuals with whom this study is concerned 14 it details the socioeconomicsocio economic background of individual london converts during 1840451840 45 and it uncovers trends or patterns which show different or similar conversion patterns to those already identified in other parts of the british isles 15 this study reveals that nearly fiftyfifty percent of the london mormon converts were actually born in greater london and that those who were immigrants to london generally originated from a neighboring county which was a london emigration pattern for that century see table I1 page 46 the converts were almost evenly divided between men and women and they were not young single rootless males as traditionally assumed A prominent sociologist of the nineteenth century charles booth attempted to define london poverty with some precision he determined that there were the very poor utterly without hope and the poor who

london14London conference and london branch records for the 1840451840 45 period are the source for statistical and demographic data including names baptismal dates addresses status deaths emigration to america and to the utah territory or even to other parts of the british empire the specific source data for membership records olusplus the 1841 london census data are found in appendix ylliyiliVIII of this thesis with appropriate abbreviation information appendix IX lists each member alphabetically with all resources for identification

15amongamong these sources are james B alienallenailen and thomas 0 alexanders n8nche5termanchester harmhormmormflormontflorflormonselorelon modsmonsaosoosons the journal of william 018ytol018caaclayytolfon 1840- 42 SLC and santa barbara peregrine smith 1974 PAM taylor fxpect8tim5expectations westward thetye ftrlvonsflormontflorflormonstyoreyon wonswoosmons and thefhe fmemigrationiqr8tian of theirthein britishgriti5h converts in the nineteenth century oliver and boyd 1965 susan fales the nonconformistsna17cv17farmi5t5 of leeds in blec8rlythe early victorian fraeraena 4A study in social composition BYU MA thesis 1984 and jan 60 harris Morcormonsmormonsmons in victorian manchester 9y11byustudfestistaolie527 winter 1987 1 47 7 would be able to make ends meet if they lived frugal and rigorously self disciplined lives if their wants were simple and their vices few and if their luck held out 16 most of the london converts were from the second of the two categories they had ambition discipline a desire to work for something better and some personal time available in addition to that which was needed to prepare themselves for their next meal or lodging the chronological ages of the london converts have also been determined the fact of their young convert ages is revealing in that it justifies early poverty levels for these families in chapter IV london cormonsmormons and the religious scene are examined nonconformist churches were very important to the citizens of london where there was less pressure to conform to the prevailing state church than in rural england with its more rigid class system 17 previous research has established that most mormon conversion in britain came from the nonconformist movement mormon missionaries were extremely skillful in using nonconformist clergy to gain access to new converts a fact which is demonstrated in this chapter chapter IV also introduces a specific nonconformist church group assembly as a candidate for wilford woodruffs london conversionconversconverstoni on success story 1618 in chapter V the london mormon converts are followed to america and into the utah territory nearly fifty three percent of the london converts and their children emigrated to america in addition sixty percent of the

eimanibelmanabelmanelman fried ed charles boothsgadthgooths london new york pantheon books division of random house inc 1968 p xix

dohn17johnjohnfcJohn FCF C harrison the jarlyearlyfanearean jy victoriansyictorims 1832-18325515 oiaOlaglascowscow william collins and son limited 1984 p 151511

1618 wilford woodruffwoodraffuffafy laurljournalsIs 1 5778577 8 8 emigrant families finally made it to the utah territory see appendix IV page142page 142 in this chapter the position of london women converts is examined to see how they fared on the american frontier in chapter VI london converts in their utah communities are discussed the final destinations for many of them is revealed over ninety percent eventually returned to occupations miliarsimiliarsimiliansi or equal to those in which they functioned in london converts from the westnorthwestworthwest sidenorth of london preferred to remain in the larger cities such as saitsalt lake city and ogden while eastsoutheast south londonersLondoners found a good deal of similarity between the villages of zion and the boroughs of greater london and were willing to colonizecolon ze away fromfpromrom the populated wasatch ffrontpront see chart IXI1 X page 113 on 5 july 1987 professor john F C harrison of the university of sussexsussey a non mormon british historian delivered the tanner lecture at the mormon history association seminar in oxford england 19 dr harrisons work on early victorian england is definitive and is used throughout this thesis prior to the lecture he had visited several archives in utah and was exposed to numerous nineteenth century britishbritishmormonmormon journals in his oxford lecture he recalled being excited at the large number of working class memoirs waiting to be exploited by british and mormon historians As he noted the common man has generally been inarticulate and for a

lythethe tanner lectures on mormon history are endowed by obert C and grace A tanner these notes were taken by the writer during professor john F C harrisons lecture recently dr harhsonsharrisonsharmsons paper the popular history of early victorian britain A mormon contribution was published in thelloarlwlthe journal of barmantlormonthormonmormon history SL 1988 143 9 historian bound by evidence unavailable as a dependable source 20 however because mormon converts were encouraged to keep a written record for the first time english biography may be used as a key to the ordinary englishman of the nineteenth century he warned that care must be used the records are not always straightforward sometimes memory was selective much was of a testimony building nature 21 professor harrison commented that in spite of such shortcomings the written memoirs of certain early LDS biographers represent an untapped gold mine he suggested that the enormous quality and quantity of these formerly unrecognized sources should be utilized at once by scholars of nineteenth century early victorian britain whether or not they be mormon historians they should be utilized with the same effort and confidence that demographic and documentary sources are used harrisons comments are particularsparticulary revealing in light of a statement made by brigham young the fourth apostle to appear on the london scene young complained that the lack of of missionary reward for that city was

2anaan20an excellent discussion in a brief chapter titled appendix A mormon diaries p 123 from an book by larry logue A sermon in theotheoesertthefyetye esertesartdesertdesent belief 8ndgel8viorand behavior in early st abarge x816urbanaburbanaurbana and chicago university of illinois press 1980 exposes the problems and rewards in analysinganalyzinganalysing and accepting mormon diaries sample tests are given to determine bias of writer this discussion concerns diaries written by authors from the same locality and within the same time frame though three of the journal keepers mentioned in the logue book were identical to those with whom this thesis is concerned 3eorge jarvis anne prior jarvis and james bleak the conclusions of logue did not seem especially pertinent to mormon london research none of the london mormon diaries which are referred to in the above thesis seem to cross reference or duplicate each other in a day by day manner

2211 this writer is aware that some journal quotes will seem quite self serving entries that illustrate unusual experiences environmental factors or attitudes have been chosen an example is the quote on page 37 by anne prior jarvis when she writes of her conversion and baptism first the quote presents a surprising housing arrangement for 1844 london a ship on the thames second it verifies difficult weather problems and presents the christmas sewnseason as a time of observance by citizens of the city third we learn of mormon church ordinance challenges in this early period baptism in the dirty cold polluted thames river finally we are vividly exposed to the attitude of london neighbors toward convert members of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints 10 due to a lack of zeal by colleagues more interested in record keeping than proselyting in an interesting church conference speech delivered in saitsalt lake city on 6 april 1857 president young observed

I1 have spoken against the course taken by brother woodruff & george A smith in london it proceeded from a want of tact and turn in those individuals to know how to win the people when we found them in london brother woodruff was busily engaged in writing his history from morning until evening if a sister called on him he would say how do you do take a chair and keep on writing and labourlabouringing to bring up to date the history of the church and his own and that was the sum of the conversation if a brother came it was the same 22

As a result of youngs public diatribe as well as professor harrisons interesting comments this writer was challenged to utilize memoirs diaries histories and biographies of various london mormon converts and of the american missionaries who were active participants between 184018 40 1845 several of these sources are outstanding and have led to important additional records 23 four major diaries kept by londonersLondoners are examples of the importance of these sources to this thesis journals by phillipphiilipphi birhip Margettsmargetts2424 and reminiscences by susannah Sangiovanisangiovani2525 reveal the exposure of many

brighamzbrigham young journal of visPisdiscoursespiscoursescourses 27 vols london 35 desinjesin street 1857 reprint SLCSLO 1964 4305

23 A history project should recreate a moment in time in order to do this a historian needs to use more than just lists he or she needsn to use anecdotesan journals letters pictures and even maps advised professor of history dr speaking at a june 1988 BYU community history conference

24phillip24phillip margetts ailtobiogautobiographyaabyaoby8oby archives harold B lee library brigham young university provo hereafter cited as harold B lee library

25susannah25susannah sangiovanisangioveniSangioveni reminiscences reel 1329 addyoddyguideguede to hormon diaries in ttethe L ioraryi&r8rymorary of 0017qresscongress I111I1 converts to the artistic climate of london a climate which was later reflected in their life in utah this concept is important as this study suggests that the london mission produced an artist class among the early members a discovery which provides a surprising and significant difference between london conversion and that of the rest of the british isles the diary of jean rio grifgriffithsfitsiths baker pearce should not be ignored by the researcher who needs some visual color jean was probably baptized before 1846 an accuteaccuse and talented observer she continually compares london sites and manners with those found along the trail and into the utah territory 2620 the diary of thomas poulter is used in the concluding chapter of this thesis as part of the summary statement poulters journal is a

ebn26jeanean rioriooriffithsoriffithsgriffiths baker pearce diary reel 91 ouide to the hormonbormannormanmormon Liariesdiaries in the LL ibraryibr8rylibrary of congress her trip across the plains is replete with similarities between london and the prairie

28 mdmavmay 18518511 we have had a very pleasant week lovely weather and I1 have been reminded of the days we used to spend in epping forest lang syne one man inquired if we had any such food catfishcat fish in the old country I1 acknowledged we had no catfishcat butfish said I1 we have sprouts and rimpsscrimpsshrimpsSh I1 thought of our halibut suppers in bow lane when partaking of our purchase to which in flavor and richness it bearsbeersbeansbeens a striking resemblance 9 june 18518511 I1 would just remark here that nothing can exceed the kindness of the people as we pass along many a time when our wagons havehaye been in a mud hole the men working in the fields have left their plow to come and help us our men who in our country would be called gentlemen owning 500 to 1000 acres of land 19 june 18518511 there are a great variety of flowers growing on the prarie such as are cultivated in our gardens at home we are constantly walking overovenoyeroyen violets primrosesprimrosedprim roses dalsysdaisysdainys bluebellsbluebellebluebells the lilly of the valley columbines of every shade from white to the deepest purple H14 julyduly 18518511 one of our company shot a very fine garfish in a stream by our roadside that stewed in the same manner as we used to stew eels at home made a delicious supper 29 autiauciaug 18518511 we are among the rocky mountains the scenery grand and terrible I1 have walked under overhanging rocksnocksrocksmanymany of them resemble ruins of old castles and it needs but a little stretch of the imagination to fancy yourself in the deserted hall of a or palace 12 story of family conversion and emigration to america and it covers major aspects of the londonmormonlondon mormon connection 27 the diaries of the american missionaries are as important as those of victorian londonersLondoners in fully understanding the 1840451840 45 mission the gratifying conversion of the morgan family by wilford woodruff is explained in woodruffs london journals with references to their kindness to him and other missionaries 28 it is not as well known that lorenzo snow was detained by london authorities when sister morgan mysteriously died in 1841 the coroner determined the cause was manslaughter perhaps as the result of poisoning in lorenzo snows letter to his parents written 11I1 I1 november 1841 one reads of his real concern and fears of the situation he

1 comments I escaped newgateNewgate this time 29 the 1841 finsburyainsburyFinsbury census shows 20 year old foreigner preacher lorenzo snow as a part of the benjamin morgan household see illustration I1 pagelpagelapagel3pageoage 133 30 the morgans must not have been too concerned as to the charges against their mormon companion wilford woodruff was welcomed into their home again in 1845

1 thommthomas ambrose poulter life of thommthomasthombs ambrose poulter from his diary 44 voisvols atahutah pioneer biographies copy of typed manuscripts bound and stored in the family history library 44146

213 woodruffw99drtlffralff journals volumes I11 &2& 2 1840411840- 41 1845

29 lorenzo snow journal andanolaopanoaamp Lletterdetterdefteretterboohbooebook 16 feb 18411841 novNOY 18421842 dOUPjournaldoup17811781 183518451835- 1845 hdcmsf89HDC M sf 89 LDS church archives

301841 london census st lukes ED 14 ironmonger row 107666 p 12 this census record shows lorenzo snow living with the benjamin morgan family wilford woodruff indicates on 9 june 1845 in his lourn8lthatjournsvnea benjamin morgan sr had visited him in nauvoo jr and that benjamin morgan jr had recently died I1 believe the father in the morgan family was named benjamin rather than peter as he is called on page 156 in the chapter called apostolic foundations in the recently published book trothtruth wuiwillWUJwyll prevail edited by V ben bloxham james R moss and larry C porter cambridge cambridgeuniversityCambridgeUniversity press 1987 IKSSIK SS 13

illustration I1 1841181118 11 LONDON CENSUS

KJTr r daida i Bo of yat X y fm bortulboroulmouiroul T salsstsfl p XL yvt allsalws f nicartnicrt iihipishipoafoar sas7 261 elws 26l ay LA- 7 ranraf v7va5y houleholic AOIAGE itttc XnamelimamellA 31 E 9 1I mfxn1kkraonaoraomnonaongo traditcradittear s IT u1uaurma yaspaypeez wt 1 awk prel whak AM ameisameta irjodcxhtloz i fucafucx wa a timlk w4 ij I1 tia pawpeagpeng NWL 4 IT nm mr I1 1 isk j naxrkndbtmkan kw7kwa 2 A at 2t wt ro cci iv y ftftmjeglegicMJe 2 c 1 atlnltl ttlvayr y2 k vyyr vetrvztr i cafcylcyf uw j the benjamin morgan household on ironmonger row showing lorenzo snow as resident minister andforeignerandforeigner finsburyFinsainsburybury borough stSL luke parish 107666 ED 14 p 12 FHL 438783

the wonderful cozy christmas day meeting for the few london saints

in father henry conners home on georges row 24 see illustration II11 page 14 followed by a magnificent christmas dinner at the morgans is described by lonely wilford Woodruffwoodruff3lwoodruff3131 in a manner reminiscent of the english christmas of washington irving irishman henry connor was the first london convert for wilford and his colleagues his warmth and hospitality in the indifferent city made their efforts finally seem worthwhile henry was active for some years and then on 26 december 1849 he moved from the london conference and disappeared from mormon history

31 wnwflfgroffordeorttont woodruff journals 1582 14

illustration II11 1841 LONDON CENSUS J 4mbf arhearbearbs askaam 6041 46 P nabg xw& lit nammaw

I1 IF 07 r

1zaz I1 I1 & lt IAVjavjaw d AJ

4

the henry connor household anon eeorgesoeorgesgeorges row watchmaker connor is shown at sixty born in ireland finsburyfin3buryainsburyFins burybuny borough st luke parish 107666 ed7eda p 27 FHL 438783

while the london 184018404545 effort did not result in overwhelming numbers joining the mormon church the mission to london must be judged a success particularly after enumerating the astonishing 53 percent who finally gathered or emigrated to the utah territory and who are shown to have descendant activity for several generations some even to the J present generation see appendix vilVII page 152 certainly the city of london itself with its magnificent culture had an effect on three of the original missionaries who would lead the church with some sophistication for the next ffiftyifty years CHAPTERchapter11 II11

LONDON 18401040 THE TWO SIDES OF THE earlyERRLYERRLV UICTORIRN CITY

in the early years of the nineteenth century the center city of london began to be transformed from a bustling community of tradesmen small industries shopkeepers and wealthy merchants plus a sizeable resident population into a square mile of financial institutions and offices 1 in spite of this movement during the first half of the century the total population remained more or less stable at about 130000 with this figure concealing a fundamental change though not a great deal is known about those who remained in the city they were almost certainly people who were too poor to move of their own accord and therefore forced to remain in more and more crowded conditions until demolition drove them out between 1800 and 1850 the physical appearance of the city reflected little change jane austen who lived a generation before the london mission would have been at home in the long winding streets and she would have realized london was still the place to buy goods of every kind from drapers and other merchants who resided grandly above their quaint and festive shops london city was largely as it had been since the rebuilding after the great fire of 1666 when new fire prevention regulations demanded much more use of brick and stone than had existed in medieval london brick mason mormon converts

16avn16avin weightman and steve humphries ed the haibakbakingflakinging of 8a madernmodern london london sedgewicksedgewich5edgew1chSedgesichwichwlch and jackson limited 1985 p16p 16 16 such as master mason james Staplesstaples22 and stone cutters john banks and samuel fridaypriday who trained and apprenticed in rebuilt london were later wisely used by brigham young in building the new salt lake city late in august 1840 wilford woodruff heber C kimball and george A smith arrived in london at the station and proceeded by horse drawn to london bridge they crossed the london bridge on foot then wandered along borough high street to king street where they spotted the tightly packed chimney pots across the skyline of southwarksouthwardSouthwark one of the more colorful london neighborhoods 3 here they stayed for nearly a month before moving back across the river into and onto ironmonger row in st lukes parish the missionaries were excited when they arrived in london and did not seem to be overwhelmed by the poverty or overcrowded conditions only on one occasion during his six months residence did wilford feel compelled to comment to his journal about the sad state of the poor on 2 feb 1842 he wrote it gives me pain while passing through the streets of london this cold day to see poor women and especially little childrrenchildrren freezing nearly to death without food fire and but little cloathingcloathing begging for a morsal to eat 4 primarily the first reaction of the missionary apostles was one of anticipation at being in the largest city in the world in writing to the

teresazTbreseereseenesa staples johnson stapjeslsi8plesll imbrickdimbrickim bricfbrick family history typed copy of manuscript on film FHL

3 V ben bloxham james R moss larry C porter eds truth will prevail thetye rise of the murchchurchmurca of jesuslamsuslaysys oristchrist of lattertatterfatten day saints in tethe britishgritisl isles 11f837937937- 1987 cambridge university press 1987 chapter 5 apostolic foundations by V ben bloxham p 150

4scottascottscotto0 kenneyedkenneyKenneyeded wilfordwhi tordfordtond woodruffwoodrvffjavrn81sjournals 7 vols midvale utah signature books 1983 236 hereafter cited woodruff journals 17 saints in america heber C kimball george A smith and wilford woodruff exclaimed we are going to see the people in different parts and see what we can do in this small world for london looks like a world 5 the missionary apostles were determined to fulfill their assignment to call babylon to repentance but another journal entry shows they also found another perhaps even more important reason for the mission to london woodruff wrote in his journal this is the most interesting day of my life as far as viewing the splendid work of man is concerned 6 he then detailed a walk through the city streets sightseeing every step he was lyrical

we are the first elders of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints that have ever walked the streets of london 0 london as I1 walk thy streets and behold the mass of human beings passing through thee and view thy mighty pallacespallanespalpai laces thy splendidsplended mansions thy costly merchantdizemerchantdize wharewithwherewithwharewith thou art adorned even as the capital of great babylon I1 am ready to ask myself what 3amm I1 andanoa my gretbrethrenmenVen lofehereheneoeneawre for 7 italics added and as the spirit answers to warn thee of thine abominations & to exhort thee to repent of thy wickedness 7

when the awed americans arrived in london they were overwhelmed by wealth and antiquity they did not notice the beginning of an exodus from the city center by the wealthier class a movement then quietly under way basically greater london is a metropolis of suburbs and has been so since the seventeenth century most european cities such as paris

5manuseriptmanuscript history of the british mission london conference 20 aug 1840 in the pfillemi8lfifjjenniaf starstan 125

6 woodruffwoodrtiffl1oltrfl815journals 4751475

71biclbid 1494 the sentence in italics is included in the titalcital of this paper 18 developed with a clearly defined boundary marked by a defensive wall london began to spread out from the square mile of the city early on the missionaries found greater london to be a community of walking villages with open tracts of country side and market gardens springing up A simple story from convert henry savages memoirs clearly illustrates this phenomenon when henry walked from bethealbethnal green to theobalds road or branches to attend services he would cut through fields and hedges one day as he was returning to his home he came across a young polecat the first he had ever seen according to his memoirs he exclaimed

you beautiful creature I1 will make a pet of you he took the little animal into his arms but dropped it with dispatch when it discharged its acrid odor unfortunately henry had recently purchased at great sacrifice a neat black broadcloth suit As he was financially unable to replace this item he was obliged to bury his sunday clothes in the moist earth which soon absorbed all of the disagreeable odors so he could wear them again thus ended an adventure withw i th a greater london skunk ini n a greater london green fieldf i e I1 V8 in the eighteenth century on the main roads leading from the city proper lines of georgian houses were built by speculators catering to the city merchants taste for a new kind of suburban living now the ordinary man was following filling up these elegant flat fronted three or four storied buildings with multiple working families and obscuring their georgian facades with shopfrontsshopfronts william watkins an 1840s convert was

sneenbnephisnepn miles savage memoirs of henry savage and family reel 6 1223 abideobideouide to marlnann8riesriordonriormon diaries in the LL iai&ibrarylibrary8ryarpary of Oanaancancongressanessonessgress 19 typical living with his family above his leather goods shop on cross street 9 wealthier early victorian london merchants who were usually distinguished from tradesmen by the fact that they dealt in foreign goods still had their courtyard houses in the city rather like those buildings that still can be glimpsed through doorways in european cities such as rome or paris outside horse drawn traffic would daily jam the streets with terrible snarl ups at places like the bottom of ludgate hill on market days cattle and sheep were driven in from the countryside to smithfield where they were sold and slaughtered in numerous butcheriesbutcheries livestock on the hoof were regular visitors to the old square mile right up until 18551555 10 wilford woodruff attempted to preach in the smithfield market but was informed by police that the place was off limits for street meetings according to a prohibition of the lord mayor 11 perhaps the missionaries were fortunate they had to look elsewhere to preach the mass of population was the working class and poor londons population expanded partly through natural increase but it was the continual immigration from the countryside which enabled it to grow see table I1 page 46 some of these immigrants would get no further than the new suburbs where a living could be made providing services as grooms servants or building workers the poorest newcomers ended in the most miserable housing available in the center they generally had to be on hand

anieanleamarievmariearie haveshayes that others nigatnightnigbt know wiliiamwfllielnwijiiam sadaadand hwmcwmhannah riarfam8rf8 lampard watkins histarytypedhistory typed manuscript on film william watkins was called a truckmantrunkmantrunkman in the 1841 lingtonillingtonIsislington london census 107664 lingtonIsillingtonislington ed 10 page 24

10 weightman & humphries the flaking of riodernmoalernmoaleon london p 27

111 woodruffWoodryff journals 1502 20 early in the morning to go to market and to provide the essential services for the commuters who arrived later in the day by horse or carriage the poor remained trapped in the city As with most major cities in the world greater london was a stinking environment sewage systems were defective or nonexistantnonexistent the roads literally spread with the manure of horsehonse drawn vehicles in fact much of londons sewage even in the most salubrious areas accumulated in cess pits under the houses outbreaks of asiatic cholera which claimed its first victims in england in 1832 occurredreoccurredre sporadically in the capital cholera was by no means the biggest killer among the diseases which continually swept through london as the fever and smallpox were often even more deadly london converts were lavishedravishedravi shed by disease and pollutants woodruff described the city as so smokey I1 cannot see but few yards which might explain why inhabitants were willing to risk their lives to gather to america see chapter VI apostle george A smith was forced to flee london after a mere twenty two days when preaching in the polluted streets injured his lungs until blood flowed from them 12 later one of the original 1840451840 45 converts william warner major would return to london as the only to die in the polluted city from a chill received while crossing the river thames in a boat 13 woodrufwoodrufff acedfacedf the terrors of smallpox in his 15411841 visit to london he quietly mentioned a visit to harriet morgan who had contracted the kind of

12lonffonc12 ondon conferencegnferencereci7rdsrecords 118naser118frayraflanuscriptnaserlpt history of thetoetate L orifononifonoceononeon confereconferenceneeneyncy of the units of the church vol I1 CR mh 5006 8nov18408 nov 1840 LDS archives

131 fondonLlondon cinfelconfelconferenceenceency necaReConecorecordsrecolorsrecoporsralsparspors 8nilseripttianuscripty history of the london conference of thefhefeieefee units of thefhetaie churchchuncy vol 2 CR mh 5006 obituary tributes 11 oct 1855 21 kow pox before but it appears to be no preventative these days 14 on 20 february 1841 woodruff found himself with the chills and fever fearing the worst he and his friends held a council upon the subject & pronounced my bisesedisese the small bockspocks as I1 had been much exposed to it had dredfuldreadful night of pain and distress fortunately dr copeland happened by and determined it was not the small bockspocks but a hard attack of cold & fever & they must change my treatment or I1 should soon sink 15 others in london were not so fortunate henry savage recalled his parents family of fourteen children of whom only he and two sisters grew to maturity 16 later he wrote of his own children and his distress at facing the high mortality rates in the city he reminisced

at different periods london had been visited by the plague or black small pox the government had passed a law compelling people to be vaccinavaccinatedted in such epidemics little was known however of antiseptics and cow pox was used for vaccine many fatalities resulted we allowed our children to be vaccinatedvaccinated but it made the children very sick the flesh almost dropped from their bones our son hyrum died 2 dec 1849 aged nearly three years and three months little kizziah escaped by a miracle we could not secure a burial permit unless we called a physicianphysghys 1 c i an 17

the william watkins family of lingtonillingtonislingtonIs grieved helplessly watching eight of their ten children die during their first sixteen years of marriage 188

14 woodruffwj700rvffl1zvrn81sjournals 139 5 february 1841

15bid151bid15115 bid p 50

16savage16savage memoirs reel 6 12112 1

17bid17117 bid 122212 22

18mariemannemamnemarie haveshayes that othersn8ynow tiay know p 14 22 they buried the tiny children side by side in new bunhillsBunhills field cemetery never learning that the lingtonillingtonislingtonIs city fathers were concerned that the water of their parish might be receiving the drainage water of cemetery of numerous burial grounds and of the innumerable cescesspoolsspools in the 19 anne prior jarvis of stepney who fondly remembered the beautiful daisies and butterbuttercupscups of her childhood also recalled the exact moment when her beloved father began to cough and burst a blood vessel right before hertierhlenblen frightened eyes she added that she was twice deprived of a mothers care for long times when her mother went to the hospital anne explained

I1 will write a few lines about the cholera I1 was home with my mother when it was so bad that cards were posted about warning you that if anyone was taken with it and you did not send word to persons appointed to take them to the pest house you were under a heavy penalty you were not allowed to have a doctor at your home A child that had played with my boy in the evening the next day he was dead close neighbors to us while the woman was putting her things on to follow her husband to the grave was taken with it and in two hours they buried her with him my brother went with a man to bury his wife and he declares he heard her scream while going to the grave they expected to hear my mother or I1 had passed away before morning they did not know which one of us it was that had the cholera I1 implored my mother not to send me to the pest house or I1 should die 20

yweightman19weightman&I1 & humphries thezaezag agingawingamingflaking ofhanndofnodern london p 159 20anneanne prior jarvis sketch reel 12 65 ouideovide to barmannarmanmormon diaries in theflee LL ibraryibrdrylibrary of congress 23

it must also be recognized that crime was also rampant and not to be ignored with a police force newly organized in the city of london itself 21 this was probably the main factor which led lorenzo snow to identify london as a seat of satan 22 in a masterly study by LL robson concerning the origins of the convict settlers of australia it is shown that convicts sentenced to transportation and subsequently sent from london formed seventeen percent of allaliail men forwarded to new south wales and van diemens land in the 1840s 23 according to henry mayhew a contemporary london journalist who wrote extensively about the london convict and the london poor convicts were drawn heavily from the stepney and poplar districts the areas north of the city around clerkenwellClerkenwell and the locality of st giles north of the strand and centered upon 24 in addition spitalfieldsSpital fields whitechapel and even maryleboneMaryl ebone 25 three areas of great mormon evangelistic success were included in his list of poor and convict areas while the mormon missionaries did not draw upon the criminal element they lived in close proximity and had converts who were involved with police work see map II11 page 47 and table II11 page 55

zidJ J tobias urban crime inin victoryictori8nfadfanead englandnewfngl8ndnewEngland New york schocken books 1972 pp130appp 130135130 135

22 lorenzo snow to ceorgeoeorge A smith 10 dec 1840 as quoted by james B alienallenailen and malcolm R thorpe mission of the twelve to england BYU studies 15 1975 4 5105 10

23 LL robson thetaejyeaaetye convictconvect settlers of australia melbourne U of melbourne press 19781978 p 10

henny24henryhenry mayhew london labourdabour andenolanaaanoa the london poor london croon helm limited 1851 as quoted by LL robson in the introduction to his book thejyetye convict settlers of australia44istr8lm london BT batesfordBatesford ltd 1973

25ldsLDS branch records of the british mission branch records on film salt lake family history library see appendix VIIIv1va I1 I1 IX 24

greater london was the largest manufacturing city in the british isles throughout the nineteenth century although it developed little of the characteristic factory industry of the industrial as found in manchester or liverpool essentially it made things forLon londonersdoners themselves importing far more goods through the docks than it ever exported many of those employed in london as described by brilliant mid century journalist henry mayhew got their living from a service economy which existed largely to satisfy the needs of the well to do 26 london regions were narrowly defined though not to the extent they would become in the latter half of the century the typical individual would look to the neighborhood as he formerly looked to his village for all answers of his community including place of work place of entertainment marriage partner religious involvement and social consciousness the londoner was involved in three sharply defined I1ilfelifeife patterns which might be termed neighborhood centered district centered and national 27 A community provided not only personal contact with potential employers but concentrations of friends kin and religious identity newcomers into london immediately entered into communities with a degree of common identity 2628 it is important to understand that those who came to london to lodge with friends and relatives immediately entered communities with established mores and status hierarchy those initially isolated in the city soon found themselves members of one of three generally recognized status

26 henry mayhew as quote by weightman & humphries theioeiyetyerye flaking of 8a tlodernmodern Llondon p 39

27a S wohl faethe history 0of wartmartworkingWarkilg classgaass housing the housing of the working classes in london london newton abott 19719711 p 29

28hughhugh mcleod classclimsglass anddodaynd Reliyeaiyeyareligialreligionremigialvaalgialpaal in the latefatetatelyteryte victorian city p 8 25 groups working class middle class and gentry with mobility limited from one to another according to income and availability of work the factor of initial residential choice upon entering the london scene may have determined missionary success as well as class attitude and occupation of emigrant convert wilford woodruff seems to have made several excellent choices upon choosing his original london places of residence he began by contacting a sister allgood a relative of a british convert she was evidently a person of some means and good will shortly thereafter woodruff became acquainted with henry connor a watchmaker who eventually offered him a place from which to preach as well as a place to stay on see

illustration I1 page 13 susannah sangiovanni was also an important contact and eventual convert and emigrant she was the wife of an italian artist which may have given the apostles some entrance into the artistic community of london see chapter VI and appendix III111 page 137 another important contact was dr william copeland who not only was helpful in alleviating several of the newcomers illnesses as previously described but became a wonderful guide for the wide eyed americans to the sights and culture of london he hosted a visit to garden on 23 december

54084018401 where they saw a wonderful performance of shakespearsshakespeare5hakespearsShakespears night dream distance of the day 15 mil 29 james albion a nonconformist independent preacher was also a valuable early contact he not only introduced the missionaries to his own congregation but he became a leader in the mormon community and baptized many of his own followers after he joined the

29IJ waodraffllaarnalswoodruffjourngs 1582 26 church of jesus christ of latter day saints in 1840 this effort will be discussed in chapter IV by 1850 there were thirty three branches of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints in the london conference see appendix I1 page 133 from 1840451840 45 the choice was much more limited close proximity was the most important aspect for the few missionaries and their converts and the conference divided simply with members moving easily from one neighborhood to the next and from one branch to another as they were organized and disbanded and then reorganized two major divisions of greater london are apparent and they will be looked at in their historical and sociological aspects as well as with the demographic comparisons devedevelopedI1 apedoped in the chapter illiliIII111I1 I1 I1 see map I1 page 42 wilford woodruff settled into the london westnorthwestworthwest sidenorth shortly after he arrived in the large capital city he appeared more content in his newly found rooms than he was in the noisier southern environment this area looked different from other parts of london with a scale and style reflecting its extraordinary past based on wealth and fashion the eighteenth century found aristocracy gentry and propertied classes flocking to newly built terraces and mansions upon which nineteenth century newly wealthy merchants added wedding cake villas in victorian times anybody who was anybody simply had to have a place in the west end and when they acquired their special place they also required a great mob of laborers to service their needs from footmen to fashion designers to crafts people to builders of council halls the lifestyles of stockbroker landed gentry colonial aristocracy professional people doctor lawyer artist required a large army of poorer people from the crossing sweeper clearing the streets of the pollution of horse drawn 27 traffic to the assistant in the confectionconfectionersconfectioneryers shop from the seamstress in a north end sweatshop working into the night to finish a fashionable dress to the clerk and the civil servant domestic service became one of the largest single sources of employment A modest shop keeper could afford at least one girl to serve his family william watkins the trunkmantruckmantrunkman who saw eight children die from childhood diseases was able to afford a single servant for him and his wife hannah maria this was simply another disaster the nursemaid left their only living son william lampard watkins exposed too long on the fields of wet grass As a result he lost the use of his right leg from the hip on down and spent the rest of his life on a crutch this contraption even went with him to america where at seventeen he was selected to campaign for joseph smithsmtth for president his walking contraption became very unwieldy in the swamps of missouri 30 moderately wealthy families would employ eleven women including a housekeeper ladys maid nurse two house maids laundry maid kitchen maid and scullion and thirteen men including a butler house steward coachman three grooms two footmen gardeners and possibly a laborer tailors dress makers and needleneedlewomenneedlewomanwomen were definitely important to the fashion conscious of the west end and they would often work twelve to seventeen hours a day when there were urgent orders to be filled consequently they aged very quickly and by the time they reached their thirties their fingers were no longer supple for many girls who toiled for long hours to keep their heads above the poverty line overwork was

buthe3uthehe loss of use of his leg may have been a form of infantile paralysis willwilliamwiiliamwiiiiamiamjam lampard watkins autobiography appp I11 and 3 film copy of typed manuscript family history library copy is also available at the LDS church archives 28 infinitely preferable to underwork anne priors journal tells of eagarlyeagerly working as a teenage dressmaker apprentice with thirteen other girls in a single room 31 convert mary anne taylor was a lucky one although she went in service at a very early age she lived with a lady who had a beautiful home and library this lady observing mary anns curiosity as she dusted and cleaned the books allowed her to read and borrow several volumes of her choice she had already learned to read the in her home now she had a chance to read and to memorize passages from many books including pjigrfmollgrlms s progross32progress domestic service was the largest single occupation listed for young female converts who identified some employment dress and hat making were close seconds see chart IV page 54 even among young lady converts in victorian london who did not need to work for a wage needlework was an important and valuable skill in 1841 woodruff often bragged in his journal about the lovely silk handkerchiefs which the sisters would make and present to the elders in 18451545 the ladies had a marathon fussing over their american visitor woodruff recorded on 23 june 1845

sister eliza coffin emms elizabeth daniels deborah scammel & several others raised a subscription of about one pound to get me a good wescoat so I1 started this morning at 5 0 clock & walked 5 miles to br laudentclaudent to buy of him a peace of black silk as he manufactured the article he took me to the master of the shop who showed me the peace he had which was in the loom & I1 had to wait for some of it to be wove in order to get enough for A pattern sister deborah scammel cut and made it for me

3prior51prior51 Prior sketch reel 126312.6312 63

32c N bouck complifecomplinecomp life of mary anne taylor merritt tuttle A utah pioneer of 1856 typed copy of essay in possession of writer 29

on another day he exhulted

we had a visit a few moments this morning from sister sangiovannisangiovannaSangiovanna she brought us a regular built jonnycakeJonnyjohnnycakecake made out of american indian corn meal for our breakfast gave me a new stock & mrs woodruff A silk work bag made out of a dress of hers sister mary ann mitchell made susan woodruff A present of a box of toys the male converts were also good to woodruff and he remembered brother francis belany measurdmeasured my feet for a pair of shoes 33

certain west end districts emerged as suburbs for professionals and tradesmen who hoped to take part in some of the fringe benefits of the weathierwealthierweathier landed upper class francis belany was one of several shoemakers with small shops trying to raise his standard of living from craftsman to merchant as well as finding solace for his soul in accepting a new religion slum settlements however also sprang up as economic satellites of each affluent west london suburb in the course of the nineteenth century accompanied by the hunger and disease that is a constant companion to poverty in these less attractive dwellings the primary occupations for the men seemed to be brickmaking building work street selling market gardening and casual labor sometimes the backbreaking work of the mothers and daughters of a family as laundresses in a high concentration of wealthy households institutions and hotels made the difference between survival and starvation mormon conversion in the westnorthwestworth end of greater london between 1840451840 45 reflected the polarity of this economic swing as well as the constant movement of residents in search of satisfactory employment it

ailall comments about clothes from woodruffwaadrt1ffl1az1r17a15journals vol 11 june 1845 30 was in the westnorthwestworthwest north end that wilford woodruff influenced some of his more respectable convertsandconvertsand found a whole ironmongerlaneironmonger34laneIronmonger Lane neighbor- hood willing to listen to his message from the american frontier included in this success was the physician dr william copeland he also became well acquainted with several well to do merchants jeweler henry crump who made him a ring to order john peter schieb the german pianoforte maker who provided meals and sheltershelter3535 william lardent who manufactured the black silk velvet which wilford had fashioned into a waist coat and john booth the clock maker who seemed to have started an important northendnorth end dynasty with several watchmaking sons and numerous apprentices 36 the baker henry joiner who was a working was lucky to have his whole family skillful enough to prepare pies and pastries in his shop which would allow him time for his commitment as a leader of the new mormon community and as a proselyting missionary lorenzo snow following hard on the heels of woodruff was instrumental in the conversion of the large and prominent margetts family whose father thomas was a successfsuccessfulsuccessful and famousfamousramous railroad builder but he died beforebetoreone he

34mormon34mormon missionaries lived on ironmonger lane row for about two years this was in a clerkenwellClerkenwell clockmaking suburb about 15 clockmakersclockmakers and apprentices joined the church within two years this small group had disbursed and only two john and william booth made it to the utah territory while much mormon conversion was in clumps as was witnessed by the mass conversion on ironmonger lane in 1841 this factor was not total or permanent it was evidently more important that converts live within walking distance than next to each other nearly all of the london convert names were duplicated in more than one oreonepre 1845 branch congregation which because of their small size would include members from both sides of the city see appendix I1 page 133

35 woodruffwoodriffflloari781sjournals 2556

dohn36johnjohn booth family group records archives patron section family history library also 1841 finsburyainsburyFinsbury census clerkenwellClerkenwell district 31 could be baptisedbaptizedbapti sed 37 even though woodruff and snows primary host brother benjamin morgan is only listed as a brickmaker in the 1841 finsburyainsburyFinsbury census see illustration I1 page 13 3638 the fact that a large number of females in the family seemed to receive some financial support from his efforts indicates that benjamin may have been either a foreman or a manufacturer as wellweliweilwe I1 primarily however westnorthwestworthwest conversion was more suc- cessful with the lower economic classes as in other parts of the larger city in general every occupation demanded to allow the west end to function with style and the wealthy to function grandly could be found listed among those who affliatedafflicted with the new mormon religion from a nathaniel jenkins a chimney sweep to david blair a professional soldier who was part of a standing army needed to defend the royal purse even more telling is the record of the conversion of ten servant girls 39313 it is interesting that the scholarship and desire for learning found in the journals and memoirs of early convert members would be so pronounced considering their environment and the long hours of personal effort required

Lorenzo31lorenzo31lorenzosnowLorenz snowosnosoSnow letterllloarlwlfetterfettenletterjournalLetter Journal LDS archives phillip margetts autobiography archives harold B lee library

381841 finsburyainsburyFinsbury census stlukesm1dd1esexedst lukes middlesex ed 14 107666 1012

39specific39specific information for all london mormon converts mentioned in these paragraphs will be found in FORA patron records maryleboneMarylebone branch records and in appendix yilyllyliVII and appendix VI I111 I1 32 just to make a meager living 40 obviously some time was required to allow attention to needs other than simply food and shelter so one can assume some success in daily life and occupation had occurred in order for personal or spiritual curiosities to be answered there is a great deal of sentimentality about the east and south side of london many think of it in terms of the an archetypical character behind a market stall or at the wheel of a taxi pouring forth english in unintelligible and nasal syllables those of us who have lost our way through these mean streets remember an uncomfortable feeling as if we were lost in a foreign country with inhabitants of many colors speaking a language that was obviously not the queens the east end and its history conjures distinct and depressing images of docklandsdock lands sprawl and poverty this picture of poverty and the east end is a true portrait however it is not totally the london of our study 184018451840 1845 but a scene from the latter part of the nineteenth century the east end was not always like it is today or even in dickens london in the first half of the nineteenth century places south of the thames like southwarksouthwardSouthwark and bermondseyBermondsey home of leather trades and hat making had far more of the character of the small village or life in north west london poplar retained a middle class population until late in the nineteenth century hackney home of early london missionary william lewsey aspired to wealth and respectability by developing attractive

40according40according to john F C harrison in his book farlyearlyfarlyearlygarly victorianvictal i&7 81britainil8ifl 1832511832 51 page 166 a third of the laboring poor were totally illiterate and a further percentage had only rudimentary literacy this factor suggests that london cormonsmormons who were basically skilled camecome from a slightly higher status group of individuals who possibly had roots in the nonconformist movement which as early as 1833 was pressing to increase the literacy of the common man after 1840 literacy began to increase education will be discusseddiscadiscu at greater length in chapter IV nonconformist london 33 victoria park admittedly this part of london town had fewer members of the aristocracy living among them but there was still a strong need for all of the services and many of the manufacturing occupations of the west end of the city robert hodgert was a young convert from scotland who had returned quickly to tellteliteil his london family of his new found religion living with his grandfather in scotland he had learned the trade of engineer working with machinery in a cotton factory but found this work too demanding to allow much proselyting time which he determined was his true avocation so he apprenticed himself to two convert members with typical london eastsouth end skills As he explained in his journal

4 september 18421942 my mother was this evening baptized by elder lorenzo snow 30JO october 1842ayat I1 baptized three persons two males and one female this was the first time I1 had administered this ordinance age 18 in consequence of ill health and a dislike to the engineer trade I1 left it at the end of one years labour and in harcaflarchelarch 8434jwent843wentwent to work with bro benjamin johnson at the rule trade november 1844 I1 went to work with bro james failingpailing at the fancy cabinet trade and worked with him until I1 went on my mission 41

nevertheless the east end was the old port of london and ship building and cottage industries gave the area its character on the north bank of the thames there were a string of hamlets from the tower to limehouse which housed stevedores and lumpersbumpers who loaded and unloaded cargoes from all over the world in limehouse there were ship building yards and these along with a thriving shipbuilding industry in deptforddepthfordDeptford

441robert hodgert journal of robert hodgert A pioneer ancestor published by the hodgertH rt family association copy on film family history library 34 south of the thames supported communities of skilled sailmakerssail makers ship repairers and other craftsmen the villages of poplar and blackwell were built around shipyards and life for the whole community was shaped around the sea 42 the volume of trade passing through the docks of london in early victorian england on occasion accounted for three quarters of all imports and exports into england through these docks came midderdipperclipper ships with cargoes from india china japan and the east indies importing tea coffee silks spices and sugars allaliail of which spawned local industries handling and processing the goods in addition timber from russia and silk and cotton from the middle east moved inland to be processed even the remnants of the slave trade could be felt this ugly cargo observed on the london docks within some members lifetimes in the first half of the nineteenth century london merchants involved in this overseas trade formed companies to build a series of docks gigantic in both scale and cost a project that attracted much new labor to the district they were confident that the port of london was destined to achieve even greater wealth and prosperity in the new era of international trade and industrialization in 15021802 the magnificent building of the west india dock rose on the between limehouse and blackwell eventually other monstrous docks were built surrounded by enormous warehouses to house exotic goods from allaliail over the world splendid monuments to britians seafaring power for the first time in its history the east end and its docks were a sight that every visitor wanted to experience

442 weightman and humphries the nirkil7gafflaking of modern london p76p 76 35 the journalist henry mayhew described the dockland as a place of tailtalltaiitali chimneys vomiting clouds of black smoke wilford woodruff included the london docks when he visited new converts on londons east side these visits were among the few in which he used more than just foot power on 4 february 1841 he noted

we walked to london bridge and took the railroad & rode to deptforddepthfordDept ford from thence to which stands upon the banks of the thames & is the place from which european & american marinersmarineroMariners take their longitude we walked from greenwich to which also stands on the banks of the thames & is the most important military post in england it is an exceedingly cold day we spent the evening with br bates allaliAH the saints there was in woolwich was present the whole distance of the day 13 milesmi lesies 43

woodruff spent the next day visiting the dock and prisionparision yard which is considersconsiderdconsi derd one of the most interesting dock yards in the world he also visited the ship trafalqartrafalgar which fascinated him after this bit of sight seeing and some refreshments at br painters house 44 he took the steem boat for london city he carefully recorded

As we passed up the river we left shiping on both sides of us of evry class & description both in the river & docks from woolwich to london bridge we probably passed not less than

43 woodruffwaz7drz1ftl1i7i1r17815journals 137

44lcbLCB seamans uses interesting insights from 1840s contemporary henry mayhew in his book Ltifelifediteifefae in victorian london 105 he said mayhew was better than most in locating decent households among the laboring classes confessing to come across from time to time east end households where a savory smelling stew dinner was being prepared where the bedstead was furnished with a lively patchwork quilt and the dresser well and tidily furnished with clean plates and dishes he even added it was also a custom among east enders to cover the walls with prints generally early london cormonsmormons met in private homes such as brother aaron painters and brother william bates which soon becamebecome inadequate unless a large public hall was available to rent cheaply 36

1500 vessels during that distance we walked from london bridge to 40 ironmonger row saint lukes & spent the night at home again 14 miles 45

for some london mormon converts the docks were more than just a place to visit for many they were a place to work and a way of life the docks needed skilled labor engineers coopers ropemakersropemakers and suppliers of equipment some of the london converts had skills learned on the docks which they were able to transfer to life in the frontier west james henefer a deptforddepthfordDeptford engine maker used his mechanical skills as a blacksmith in the northern utah town that acquired his name henefer utah was the last town through which mormon pioneer wagon trains wearily bendedwended their way to the salt lake valley james henefer mended the wagon wheels for the last leg of the westward journey before the reward of zion as he once repaired the ships engine before it left to seek the promise of the mysterious far east 46 engineer john griffiths a fellow convert from woolwich branch was proudly identified by utah descendants as a boiler maker for the queen 47 at least five of the london mormon southeast end converts can be identified as having close ties to sea shipping out from the london docks robert collingwood blackett was a shipwright and his son george was an engineer on the london docks a profession he forsook in zion when making

45lbidp39451bid451 bid p 39

fannyefannyjJ richensrichensandRichensandand maxine R wright comp henefer our yajjeyhomey811ey holcehol7e SLC utah printing company 1959 p 2

47john47dohnjohn griffiths family crouporoup record patron section family history library 37

adobe bricks seemed more practical 4648 william david owen49 and george Janisjanis50jadisjarvistojarvis5o50 became professional sailors in the british navy henry savage the bethealbethnal green silksilkweaverweaver spent several years aboard ship as an apprentice seaman all of these men emigrated to zion george frederick jarvis began his life on the sea quite by accident when he was apprenticed to a grist mill owner as a youth As he noted in his autobiography life on the sea was tenuous

my employer oftenheardoften heard me express a desire for the sea and through his influence obtained for me a position on shipboardship board as an apprentice for four years when I1 was seventeen years of age this year long voyage took me to south australia china india and south africa A second trip took me to western australia china and the malay islands to load up with tea and return to london my apprenticeship over I1 now joined the british navy and went to the west indies there I1 was unfortunate and lost my big toe got sick and was blinded in one eye there was fear I1 might lose both eyes I1 was placed in a hospital in jamaica where I1 remained for four months I1 was then invalidinvalideded home to london passed a medical examination by a naval surgeon was an outdoor patient of the hospital and given a pension of sixpence a day for life I1 lost the pension when I1 migrated to america 51

his days on board ship were not over however on one voyage home he met a young dress maker anne prior and they were married and then lived at woolwich where he was given a temporary job as shipkeeper in the

robentrobertqnobert collingwood blackett family group record patron section

49william49william david owen family group record patron section

marganet50margaret50margaret J oveson comp ceorgegeargeoeorgegnarge jarvis biographical sketchskeicnvesamesa arizona published by oveson 1957 p 34

5 1 george Ffrederickrederredenneden icklck jarvis sketch reel 10710 7 normon oierdiariesoi8rpyarpyaniesfes in the LL ibraryi&8rylibrary of congress 38 british navy anne tells the story of their conversion and baptism while making their home on a ship

when my daughter anne catherine was two weeks old her father heard the gospel my husband told me what he heard the strange news that an angel had appeared to joseph smith I1 listened and then said george it is true I1 believed every word of it and we were baptized in the river thames on christmas night we were living on board one of her majestys ships it was customary to lock the boat when we came on shore and leave it safe we returned to the ship about twelve at night bro jarvis found out he had forgotten the key to the ship I1 had to stay with my babies one seven weeks old and the eldest sixteen months the night was bitter cold and dark when bro jarvis came back with the key he rowed us to the ship which was at woolwich I1 believe we were honest in going into the water that christmas night and believed with all our hearts our friends disliked us when we joined the church 52 george frederick jarvis went to sea many times to earn money to migrate to zion when he was gone anne supported the family by renting part of her rooms or hiring as a undresslaundressla her life was not pleasant and her son brigham jarvis was almost inconsolable when his father first went away however on the next voyage his father made it to australia and brought back a blue fox which easily erased the pain 53 one young southeast end convert participated in the life of the seagoing adventurer as well as the life of a proper bethealbethnal green silkweaversilkweaver who depended on the product of london docks trading ships henry savage the talented storyteller who would one day be branch president of the whitechapel conference was introduced to the wheel to

52anneanne prior jarvis sketch harmanbarmanmormon diariespharies in thefyetye LL ibraryibr8rylibrary of congress reel 126312 63

53bid531 bid 39 wind quiqutquilisquillsI1 Is fforor the loom at a mere ivelvefivef years of age his stern atherfatherf was a 5pitalfields5pitalfie1ds silk weaver who specialized in handkerchiefs and satin at nine years of age henry was required to learn to weave persian silk used in lining ladies bonnets he rebelled and ran away he did not like his trade and was determined to see the world an environment such as the london docksclocks would certainly make a young man aware that the world was round and that travel to exotic foreign ports could be more that just a schoolboy dream henry managed to get aboard a school ship at deptforddepthfordDeptford to take training as a midshipman and learn his duties as a sailor henry stated in his memoirs that the greatest principle he learned was obedience and he was always willing to obey counsel thereafter there was no getting away from it obey orders or be flogged at the end of nine months he was drafted aboard the duke of susssussex a 32 gun ship bound for china and stationed in the main top there were ten boys including himself on board ship some from the lowest classes of the london docks he lived through it all visiting pendangPenpennangnang malay singapore and on to china where he spent five months on shore at canton five months in china cured him of roving and when he returned home he was glad to rejoin his father at the family trade 54 sliksilkweaving5ilkweavingSilkweaving was a respected london cottage industry which depended on the docks and the cargo it supplied it had been carried on in london since the seventiethseventeethseventeeth century when huguenot refugees escaping from religious persecution in catholic france settled in england the silkweavingSilkweaving industry declined in the nineteenth century when customs duties on finished silks left the london industry totally noncompetitive with other shipping centers

34savage34savage memoirs reel 6122612246 12 242 4 40 whereas many of them had once been prosperous and respectable by the 1540s1840s the most skillful weaver even with the aid of his wife and children working twelve or more hours a day could barely make a suitable living 55 however the london mormon silksilkweaverweaver converts from the east end had one more story to tell not all work was exhausting and without satisfaction in spite of the fact even children were put to the loom one particularly clever silksilkweaverweaver john powers of bethealbethnal green apprenticed his two charming daughters sarah and jemima to the silksilkweaverweaver business in their early teens the two sisters became quite proficient sarah in fact was extremely talented at her craft eventually jemina and sarah were converted to the church and were baptisedbaptizedbapti sed on 2 june 15441844 the following story was proudly related by the powers family throughout the nineteenth century

at the time of the coronation for the young queen victoria hundreds of yards of plush satin velvet were used for the queen to walk upon as she passed from one room or position to the next the gentleman who had the contract to furnish this royal velvet sublet part of the contract to john power of bethealbethnal green As the time approached for the coronation the primary contractor visited mr power to see how he was coming with his job he was horrified to find powers teenage daughter sarah at work weaving the velvet in dismay he exclaimed mr power what are you doing putting a young girl on a project like this this might ruin the whole contract for all of us never you mind replied john power my daughter is an expert at her profession and can do better work than I1 can evidently her work was satisfactory for sarah power had the honor of weaving many yards of the velvet that victoria walked upon at her majestys coronation services 28 june 18581838I1 13581338 56

55lcbSSLCB seamans london surveyed 1837 and after Ltitelifefifeifefae inin victorian london london btbatesfordltsBT batesfordBatesford Us 1973 p 12

56savage56savage memoirs reel 6 128 41

north east south or west greater london neighborhoods were unitedly enamored by victoria it is interesting how curious the american missionaries were about the tiny queen throughout their stay in london wilford woodruff the staunch new englander watched with fascination as she and her royal and cumbersome entourage promenadespromenaded throughout the cityC ity he reported the event in detail to his busy journal 57 A few months later lorenzo snow bursting with appropriate propriety decorum and

respect presented victoria with a booebookvookgook ofaar111yar hormon111ormonormon newly printed in hertierlierller majestys own capital city58city513 as did convert berrilberrill covington 59 heber C kimball the hardheaded yankee put the whole queen thing into proper perspective in writing a letter to his wife vilate

you would be astonished to see what stur thare is made over a little queen at the same time thousands are starving to deth fore a little bread 60

by 1850 the image of the east end changed rapidly from a seafaring center to a seedy home for misfits and outcasts however it still had a long way to go before it became the poverty trap that gripped the late victorian popular imagination

57 woodruffwl7gd1 affvff journals 1 533533 2266 jan 18421842

58 joseph smith jr history of the azarchchurch of jesus christ of latterlarterfatten daymay saints58ints B H roberts ed 7 vols SLC deseret book press 1970 61861811

59 hyrum andrus normonmaranan flanuscriptsm817vscripts to 1848 berrell covington 108 archives harold B lee library

heben6oheberheber C kimball to vilate kimball 19 september 1840 as quoted by alienallenailen and thorpe mission of the twelve to england BYUyma stiaStilstaastudiesdiesdyes 15197515 1975 4 512 this very popular quote is used in nearly all books and articles devoted to mormon studies concerning british conversion it is tempting not to use it here but then it certainly belongs in a study on london Morcormonsmormonsmons iai2

MAP I1 london boroughs showing westnorthwestworthWest North eastsouthEast South boundaries

theobalds road branch boundary line

woolwich branch

WXYV armarr V 0

owl ift I1 so

KM 0 Q tz y e 0 0 does cwmcem pwrdkee am wkmft 01m 4 04

swageTVWMQ esewme potpoe rubkub lk on menc r I1 V 0.0 laeleelea 84000 ra ho C 0 d memaeft

0 T lvdmludm 406mew

source hugh mcleod oleozeozacess and religionReliveiegjonptonpron in the late victorian city p 320

sociologists and historians have identified a natural division of greater london for studstudy and comparison and suggested the two ends are separate entities with a different history and culture these divisions are not the sambsamesome as those created by london mission leaders who had their own way of dividing the london conference and called maryleboneMaryl ebone branch west and theobalds road branch east see appendix I1 below are basic divisions as accepted by historians

westWP north east southarthnrth maryleboneMarylebone bethnelft green paddington stepney handworthwandworthWandworth city of westminesterWestminester poplar camberwellCam berwell kensington st pancras shoreditchShoreditch chelsea hackney deptfordDeptdepthfordford finsburyainsburyFinsbury greenwich woolwich city of london battersearattBatterseeerseg southwardsouthwarksniithwnrifSouthwarkwank source richard mudiesmmudie smsmithith theabenhenae religious Llifetigedigeilefae offre Llondonanalow chapter by george haw the problem of greater london london hodder andstautonand stauton 1945 p 22

tr CHAPTERAPT liiIII111

LONDON MORMON dem06rrphicsdemogrrphicsdemographics 184018451040184518401040 1845

full scale academic histories of early victorian london are still few and far between and even such partial studies as exist are of fairly recent vintage wrote LCB seamans in the introduction to his 196311963 history of victorian london a book still widely quoted 111 much new material concerning victorian london has appeared during the last twentyfivetwenty five years however these studies refer to all sorts of men and women spending their lives underlinder all sorts of living conditions during a period of continuous and rapid change and within a large area without geographic or administrative boundaries fortunately professional population studies of english men and women have become easier because of three indexes products of english civil government that were compiled at the beginning of the early victorian age these basic research tools include 1 civil records which were suddenly demanded as a way of keeping track of a growing population 2 a better organized census particularly the one taken in 1841 which is appropriate to this study and 3 the 1851 census which will be referred to in chapter IV which sums up in detail for the first time the religious preferences and experiences of the inhabitants of england in general and london in particular 2 these tools are now accessible for research by sociologists and historians in the salt lake family history library

I1 LL C B seamans Lfitelifetiremam& in victorian london london BT batesfordBatesford ltd 1963

21851 census of oneatgreat britain report and tables on religious studies 44

from time immemorial the typical englishman had been a countryman A census as late as 1831 showed that twenty eight percent of the total families in great britain were employed in agriculture to these were added numerous country craftsmen and shopkeepers of the villages and small market towns which made a total of fifty percent of the population who lived under rural conditions this same 1831 census showed urban figures of about twentyfivetwenty five percent of the population of england and wales living in towns of 20000 people or greater twenty years is a short time in which to chart population changes but the trend towards urbanization was unmistakable the census of 1851 confirmed that for the first time in history just over tittyfittyfiftyf ifty percent of the population of england and wales was ivinglivingI1 in urban areas an important change in the profprofilei le of the people 3 this chapter consists of a series of charts tables and maps these are the result of a study into the 184018451840 1845 london conversion period with some follow up research into later migration to america and into the utah territory after these charts tables and maps are presented the most significantsignifsignia icarticant findings are discussed beginingbegbeginningining on page 47 the methodology began with the identification of four hundred members of the london conference from 1840451840 45 4 each member name was placed onto a single card with information from all records searched information could include age birthratebirthdatebirthdate various addresses baptismal dates and ages and by whom baptized occupation emigration priesthood and

tuhnajohn5johntohn FC harrison theyle farlyearly victorians 1831 551glasgow511 elaseiasOlasGlasgowgosgow william collins and son limited 1984 p 26

4tatthehe london conference includesi aclncludes london ranchesbranchesB as showshownn on apappendixpendipendl x VIIIV I1 I1 I1 page 155155 which is the source list for appendix IX page 156 london Morcormonsmormonsmons membership list 1840- 1845 some convert names are included over the number 400 for the convienceconvience of this researcher even if no additional information was found at this time 45 leadership status plus miscellaneous facts cross reference was made with branch records biographies journals and descendant family group records information was later placed into a word processor see appendix v1vaVIIII1 I1 and appendix IX from the basic list it was possible to identify a birthplace for 144 people or thirty six percent of the total known membership the general bithbithplacesblithplacesbirthplacesplaces are listed on table I1 page 46 with percentages figured to determine those who were born in london and those who were born elsewhere to see how these numbers compare to birth figures for london and britain in general during the 1840s see page 47

map II11I1 I1 page 47 identifies some neighborhood patterns of conversion this map is only suggestive however as the 1841 census and nonconformist church registers reveal the mobility of the london public chart I1 page 50 showshowss the intermingling of status groups within each london borough and demonstatesdemonstratesdemonstates a typical residence pattern where service classes are necessary to support the weathierwealthierweathier citizen the last column of chart I1 gives the name of the ldald5 branches in which borough members worshippedworshipped from the basic 400 member list occupations were found for 154 persons chart II11I1 I1 page 5511 reveals that eighty fourfrourouroun males with occupations were found for the westnorthwestworthwest north end thirty eight males with occupations were discovered for eastsoutheast south end as demonstrated in chart ililiiIII111I1 I1 I1 page 53 A separate chart was developed for the females of whom thirty two women with occupations were discovered see chart IV page 54 the names of individual converts are listed on these charts according to localities of residence and their occupations table II11I1 I1 page 55 shows occupation status percentages for converts and is based on the findings of charts II11 to IV correlated with appendix II11I1 I1 page 135 46

table illlilIII111 page 59 deals with age at time of baptism for 295 individuals many converts were baptized several times a traditional practice in the early history of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints 5 chart V page 61 presents some examples of related families additional demographic tables dealing with religion emigration and utah territory occupation will be included in chapters IV to VI

TABLE I1 london mormon converts by birthplace born outside britain america i australia i1 germany i1 total 3 212.12 1 percent born in british isles relandnelandirelandI1 2 outside of england scotland 3 wales 2 total 7 494.9

BORN northern shires total 21 146

in southern shires total 27 18818.8

ENGLAND shires contiguous to london total 13 909.0go I1 not born in greater london 1841 census total 11 767.6

greater london total 62 43043.0

GRAND TOTAL 144 1000100.0 percent

the 1841 london census has a column showing Y yes and N no in response to the question of london birth A second column indicates if inhabitant were born outside of britain sources london branch records descendant family group records family histories diaries journals and the 1841 london census this chart is based on 144 converts or 36 percent with an identifiable birth location from the 400 member list of the london conference see appendix IX

51 lorenzo snow noted in his fetterletterlllaarlwlletterjournalLetter Journal for 1841 that 20 fell away all but three or four rebaptised 47

MAP II11 shires counties of england

source george everton handbook forfonton genealogists logenlogan ut everton publishers inc 1971 p 268

tabletabie I1 page 46 demonstrates that 43 percent of london converts with an identifiable birthplace werewene born in london and 28 percent were born in continguous or southern english shires see map II11 above most of the restnest werbwere bornbonn in other rantspartspants of england these findings arbareane similar to those given by harrisonharmison and mcleodemcleod6 forfon ruralnuralnunal to uban migration the results from

JFC harrisonhannison ibethe farlyearly victorians 1831511831 51 p 27 hugh mcleod classceass and religion in thefyetye latetafedate victorian cityotty london croon helmheim ltd 1974 p 1 ff 48 this study also compare with those of the manchester cormonsmormons as researched by jan 6 harris who found significant short distant migration among the early converts somewhat more than among the population in general harris found one third of the manchester converts were born in that citycj ty 7 whereas the london total is closer to one half the early victorian period saw people moving into the towns from the villages and farm lands which subsequently declined in population the townwardtown drift took the form of short distance movement in the first instance small towns sometimes served as concentration points for later movement to larger towns so that the pattern of population migration resembled a series of concentric circles movement to towns was particularly marked in the 1840s growth of population in urban areas was the result of two factors natural increase that is a surplus of births over deaths of the local populace and immigration from outside employment opportuntities were the prime reason for growth and opportunities were better in urban than in agriculture areas thanks to the development of industrialism and the concentration of wealth in the city 68 several 1840451840 45 london convert families are examples of short distance migration among those are the covington family of shoemakers from bedford which emigrated again to liverpool before migrating in twos and threes to america the margetts family from oxford the poulter family from surrey and the samuel smith family from buckingham and surrey who moved in and out of london briefly met lorenzo snow were baptized and emigrated immediately to nauvoo

ajan7jandanjan 0 harris Morcormonsmormonsmons in victorian manchester 6BYUYU studies 27 winter 1987 149 68 harrison thetaetye early victoriansyictol ians 183183583183151515 p 27 syaeasi5 ywt5y 49

MAP lilillIII111 conversion residential patterns

11

W71 P theobalds rd

drury L cirycity of loodooboodoo

london mormon convertconvent residences along these streets

theobaldsT heaheobalds road ooswellboswell0oswe11Oossellswell stSL Macmacclesfieldmacc1esfie1dslclesfield st wilmotwi1motstst drurydrurylandDrunylandryLandland skinner st 1 Iironmongerronnon mongermongen row st john st Boborouchborouahboroughrouah hiahhigh st tabernacle souarerw source JJ tobias I1urban crime in victorienvictorian england new york shockenschocken books 1972p1972 p 132 several london converts had residences along each of the roads which fed off the streets shown on map lilliiIII111 which are identified as rookeriesrookeriedRook eries or centers of lower classes prone to criminal activities there is no evidence that the london converts were from the criminal class there is more evidence which will be discussed in chapter VI that the converts came from the nonconformist movement which was also strong along these streets as is shown in the address register of the upper street independent church parish register on film with missionary work concentrated in these areas these addresses were helpful in locating certain members from the 1841 london census however the heavy population along these roadways sustains the belief that the london effort was not numerically successful considering the overwhelming potential 50

CHART I1 london borough status identification

LDS CRIME POVERTY workingORK I1 NO CLASS WEALTH BBRAINCHES bermondseyBermondsey Bermondbermondseysey bermondseyBermondsey LMT bethealbethnal breengreen bethealbethnal breenqreengreen LMT borough borough borough LMT camden town camden town LMT clerkenwailclerkenwallClerkClerkenenwallwailwaiiwali clerkenwellClerkenwell clerkenwellClerkenwell LMT deptfordDeptdepthfordford deptforddepthfordDeptford deptfordDeptdepthfordford LMTW finsburyainsburyFinsbury finsburyainsburyFinsbury LMT hackney hackney hackney LMT hampstead heath hampstead heath LMT holborn holborn LMT lingtonillingtonislingtonIs lingtonillingtonislingtonIs Islington LMT kensal new town kensal new town LMT kensington kensingstonKensingston LM lambeth lambeth LMT london city london city london city LMT limehouse limeshouseLimeshouse LMT maryleboneMarylebone maryleboneMarylebone maryleboneMarylebone maryleboneMarylebone LMT paddington paddington LMT Pentpentonvilleonville Pentpentonvilleonville LMT pimlico pimlico pimlico LMT poplar poplar poplar W st giles parish st giles parish st giles parish LMT st lukes parish st lukes parish st lukes parish LMT shoreditchShoreditch shoreditchShoreditch shoreditchShoreditch LMT soho soho LMT Somerssomerstowntown Somerssomerstowntown LMT spitalfieldSpitalfield spitalsfieldSpitalsfield LMT stepney stepney stepney LMT walworth LMT westminster westminster LMT woolwich woolwich woolwich W whitechapel whitechaoelwhitechai3elwhitechapel whitechaoelwhitechapel LMT sources crime J J tobias urban crime in victorian england appp 130140130 140 poverty hugh mcleod class anddod religion in thefyetym late victorian city p 323211 working class weightman & humphries&humphries the7bel18kingoftye flaking of modern L ondonlondonlandunjandon 7128p128p 128 wealth LCB seamans A contrast in suburbs Lfitelifefeteifefae in victorian london p 98 branches london branch and mission records 1840451840 45 SLC family history library KEY L london 1840 M maryleboneMarylebone 1843 T theobalds road 1841 W woolwich 1841

listed above are london neighborsneighborhneighborhoodsneighborh boroughs in which mormon converts were located by address four status classes of residents have been identified as existing in london accordingrdingarding to sources listed below chart I1 most classes were found intermingled in each neighborhood with the largest percent considered poor or working class borough is noted only if london convert was in residence by 1850 many of these boroughs had their own small LDS branch in 1840451840- 45 branches overlapped boroughs wesee appendix I1 page 133 51

occupation LISTLISTS LONDON MORMONS 104010451040 1045

listed on the following three charts liivoliv0111 IV are london mormon citizens for whom an identifiable occupation has been discovered occupations were located in the 1841 census maryleboneMaryl ebone branch records personal histories descendant family group records autobiographies and memoirs see appendix IX page 156 for complete list of members

CHART 11 westnorthwestworthWest North males name raerqerge at beobaobedberibersgais address designation occupation albion daniesdanlesdamesjames boswellooswell rd independent preacher atherton james new road confectioner bachelor jesse 47 upper rosamond clerk furishburish iron balding robert 48 old st luke watch case maker banksjohnBanksJohn 34 tonbridgetombridgeTonbridge new rd stonecutter beer benjamin 31 drury lane painterpaperPainter Paper hang belany francis lower ash bootmaker bensonwillmerbenson willmer duke st westminster policepolpoi ice offofficeice binder william 17 penton maryleboneMarylebone bakerpastryBaker Pastry birch henry drury lane paperhangerPaperpaperhangershanger birch william drury lane paperhangerPaperpaperhangershanger blairB lairlain david 35 westminster soldier bondedwardBonbond edwardedwanddEdward 21 james st turner booth elijah 27 ststlukeslukes clockmaker booth henry 29 Pittpittmanspittmannmans bldg clockmaker booth john 53 hulls terrace clockmaker booth richard 18 clerkenwellClerkenwell clockmaker bradybrad henry 23 clerkenwellClerkenwell brushmaker brooks james 19 so city road carpenter candland david 22 highgate school teacher clifton robert 38 st lukes victualer clive claude tailor connor henry 60 ironmonger1 ronnonmongermongarmongen row watchmaker connor henry jr 20 georges row watchmaker cooper john 58 old st lukes wadding maker copeland william clerkenwellClerkenwell physician cornelcorneiconnelcornell frederick holborn coachmnspringmkr covingtoncovingtonberrillberrill norfolk place shoemaker covington edward norfolk place photographer crump henry 45 st lukes clerken jeweler crump henry 25 ststlukeslukes turner dean samuel st lukes tailor dell william 25 st lukes coal carman floyde joseph W 21 clerkenwellClerkenwell blacksmith fowler william blackfriars shoemaker floydcjoscohwfigygt dohjoh W 2191 lerkenwellclenclerkenwellClerP kenwell blacksmith age is noted if supplied at time of baptism of convert address designation refers to the manner address is provided in record source when address is incomplete no additional information is added 52

name Rrgege at banbapgadgapgan address desiaDesiodesionationdesignationnation Occoaoccupationtiention cont fowler william blackfriars shoemaker franklin henry 24 clerkenwellClerkenwell jeweler freeman james 23 soho also Somerssomerstowntown labourerlaboureurLabourer harrop william 29 Pittpittmanspittmannmans bldg clockmaker henderhendenmendermenden william 70 hull str old st lukes carpentry higgs john 20 clerkenwellClerkenwell clockmaker hodgerthodgertrobtrobt 20 finsburyainsburyFinsbury engineer hulks job 50 city road porter jenkins nathaniel st pancrasstpancras chimney sweep joiner henry 34 spa fields Pentpentonvilleonville baker king william 28 lesson grove paddington painter lewishenrylesislewis henryhenny 23 ststlukeslukes fishmonger lewissohnLewilewislewisjohnsJohndohnjohn 39 high street maryleboneMarylebone shoemaker lillywhite richard stpancrasst pancras plumber major richard 37 draper place pancras painter & glazer major william quick set road portrait painter manister henry 26 brickstonebreckstoneBrickstone confectioner margetts phillip 12 camden town engineeractorEngineer actor margetts thomas camdehhamdeh town builder merrett john thomsthornsthomms denhamalderhamaldenhamAl camden shoe cutter mickelwrightmickelwrightwmwm 38 camden town piano fort maker moore frederick 24 pittsman bldg ironmonger clockmaker moore james 41 1ironmongerronnonmongermongen clockmaker morgan benjamin sr 50 ironmonger1 ronmonger row bricklayer morgan benjamin jr 30 yoryorkyonkyonk st bricklayer morgan john is15 I1ironmongerronnonmongermongen rw enameler apprentice morris william 44 ststlukeslukes awl maker newson edward 15 fletcher row jeweler nowlin charles 35 clerkenwellClerkenwell blacksmith nowlinnowlbowl in ceorgegeorge prospect terrace tile man owen william 23 1ironmongerronnonmongermongen row watch finisher parsons mark 37 Islington gardner peircy fredrick 18 tonbridgetombridgeTonbridge also holborn brancbranchh antisartistseeArtisartisttseesee appendix I1illliiIII111I1 I1 poulter thomas hampstead heath stewardstewardbutlerbutierButlerB ut I1 er poulter william cumberland st blackfriarblackfriarsBlackfriar st french polisher richard ralph 14 pittman bldg clockmakrclockmakerClock makr app richardson james 35 stlukesst lukes teetea grocer schieb john peter 40 spa fields piano fort maker sexton jeremiah 33 camden st lingtonillingtonislingtonIs painter & glas shorten david 27 holborn labourerlaboureurLabourer smith cornelius is15 ironmongerI1 ronnonmongermongen row Clockmakerclockmakerappc1ockmakerappapp smith samuel merchant staples james 31 waterloo rd master mason staples largelange 15 waterloo rd mason taylortaylorlonion robert 25 camden town engineer taylortaylontaylorion edward 15 Pentpentonvilleonville studentclerkStudent clerk watkins william 35 cross str lingtonillingtonislingtonIs merchant watkins william L 14 cross str lingtonillingtonislingtonIsI1 sl i agtonngton studentclerkStudent clerk west william 47 castle str clerkenwellClerkenwell school teacher total 6484 source westnorthwestworthWest north end converts were listed in london maryleboneMarylebone and theobalds road branches 53

CHART I1 11 eastsouthEast South males

name rgrgee at harhasbasbabbao rddressaddress designation OccuRationoccupation beralraibal iamlam alfred 28 hackney gardner biggs thomas 32 coabeycowbey place woolwich boilermakerboilermaker blacket george 13 poplar engineer blacket robert 31 poplar shipwright blizzard francis 62 borough hatter izzardblizzardB I1 robert 58 borough hatter booth william 30 borough watchmaker covingtonjosiahcovington josiah 21 dock head shoemaker dark charles 21 bethnaloreenBethnabethealbethnal breenlOreenoreengreen rule measure maker ely george lambeth sawyer ely john 56 lambeth sawyer ely JohnjohnjamesJames 20 lambeth sawyer farfarleyfanley robert 29 labourerlaboureurLabourer fenemore williamwiiiiamwi I1 I1 iam 52 peckham gardner griffiths john 30 johnson sirstr boiler maker for queen grimsdale william 28 shoreditchShoreditch ivory tuner henefer james deptfordDeptdepthfordford engine maker hill james 23 bethealbethnal orbenoreengrbengreen cabinet maker hodgertH rt william 17 bethealbethnal breenereenoreengreen teatee canister maker jarvis george woolwooiwoolwichspitalfieldswichsp i taltaifields sailor british navy jervis samuel 35 pitt st fitzroy square pearlpeerpear ornament ekrmkr johnson benjamin 24 bethealbethnal breenoreengrbengreen rulemeasuremakerrujemeasuremaker lardent william wilmot st bethealbethnal manufacture velvet manton david 30 deptforddepthfordDeptford timer & brazer marks WHW H 35 bethealbethnal erbenereenoreengreen printer miles william 32 kensington merchant milo william 13 kensington whitechapel cafemanciCafecafemancigarmakermancigargan makermahermaken mills william 32 limehouse blacksmith owen wm david 30 bethealbethnal oreenbermondsleybreengreen Bermondbermondsleysley officer british navy painter aaron 40 rectory place woolwich boilerboilermakermaker painter aaron 18 rectory place woolwich boilermaker pallingpaipal I1 ing james 23 hackneyhortonHackney Horton fancy cabinet maker fridayprideypriday samuel woolwich stonecutter porter benjamin 24 spitespital fields labourerlaboureurLabourer robinson jerome spitalfieldsSpital fields shoemaker saunders alfred wm 19 spital tailor savage henry 34 bethealbethnal ereenoreengreen silkweaverSilkweaver edward bethealbethnal preengreen cabinetmaker totatotal1 38 source eastsouthEast South male converts were identified by address in the london maryleboneMaryl ebone theobalds road and woolwich branches members listed with an asterisk following name were found only in woolwich branch records 54

chart IVI1 V occupatoccupantoccupationi on listL j st westnorthwestworthWest North females

name rgraerqee at bap rddressaddress designation cuRationoccupationOc albion susannah 20 boswelboswellooswellI1 rd dressmaker arnold elizabeth 40 russell place servant arnold elizabeth 32 quickset rd confectioner booth sarah 16 hulls terrace dressmaker bradleybradleymarymarymany 18 clencienclerkenwelclerkenwellClerkenClerkenwellwelwei brushmaker brooks elizabeth 45 macclesfieldMacclesfield rd schoolmistress cooper philisphllis 27 richard place wadding maker covington pricilla 9 norfolk place hat maker cox caroline 23 baltic sr servant daniels elizabeth 29 Marylmaryleboneebone dressmaker oistemwistemqistem harriet maryleboneMarylebone servanthospitalservant hospHospitali taltai hulks phoebe 21 macclesfieldMacclesfield st lukes servant joiner elizabeth 43 Pentpentonvilleonville saafieldspafieldSpafield baker joiner margaret 10 Pentpentonvilleonville saafieldspafieldSpafield baker joiner mary 9 Pentpentonvilleonville saafieldspafieldSpafield baker legg leah 26 upper clapton servant martin elizabeth 25 cotton rd servant morgan harriet 14 1ironmongerronnonmongermongen row enamelerenamelerappapp osbourne susannah 41 ditmanspitmans bldg nursehospitalNurse hospital poulter charlotte 16 blackfriars dressmaker poulterpoultenpoulterjanedanejane 14 blackfriars straw bonnet maker shorten elizabeth pimlico servant shorten harriet 27 holborn chemist smith jemima broveonovegrove terrace mertonhomertoncomertonHo wk undresslaundressLa smith mary anne 21 richards st wadding maker taylortaylormaryannembryMaryAnnemarymany anne 17 lingtonillingtonislingtonIs in service watkinshannahWatkinsHannah maria 40 lingtonislinqonIsillingtonislington schoolmistress total 27 women with same occupation as husband or father eastsouthEast South females name rgrgee at bao address designation occuoationoccunationoccupation hill jemima power 22 bethealbethnal green silkweaverSilkweaver jarvis anne prior 19 stepney dressmaker kilburne jemima 21 bethealbethnal oreengrbengreen breen brushmaker mitchell mary anne 22 borough dressmaker savaoesayaaesayaan sarah power 24 bethealbethnal breenoreengreen silkweaverSilkweaver total 5 womanwomen with same occupation as husband or father source thirty two women converts were identified from the london maryleboneMaryl ebone theobalds road and woolwich branches westnorthwestworthWest North and eastsouthEast South women with occupations were considered together in figuring occupation status most london women were housewives 55

the charts on the preceproceedingeding four pages provide an occupational basis for determining just where the london mormon convert fit into the status conscious greater london society of the 1840s as well as providing a strong portrait of at least one hundred fifty four individuals attracted to the teachings of the american missionaries

TABLE II11 occupation status percentages

leWestmalewestMa maleeastMale East female total code occupation no percent no percent no percent no percent

A professional 1 121.2 0 0 0 0 1 060.6og

B white collar 7 838.3 1 262.6 2 636.3 10 656.5

C merchant 3 363.6 2 535.3 0 0 5 323.2

D skilled 45536 53.6 28 76376.3 12 37537.5 85 55855.8

E semiskilledsemi skilled 24 28628.6 4 10510.5 8 25025.0 36 23323.3

F unskilled 4 484.8 2 535.3 10 31331.3 16 10410.4 total 84 loo100loox1009 38 100 32 100 54154 100

source charts II11 III111 IV correlated with appendix II11I1 I1 based on london convert membership appendix IX

the men with occupations outnumbered the women more than three tooneto one A much higher percentage of the men were skilled from 54 to 76 compared to 38 for women though skilled was still the leading female classifclassificationclassia icationmication the men from the westnorthwestworthwest north end show occupations covering the complete spectrum from unskilled to professional which is typical for west end london where wealth and poverty lived side by side the best educated was medical doctor william copeland who later disappeared into the wilds of america about three fourths of the male converts from the eastsoutheast south end were skilled or better with some degree 56 of education andor training this probably reflects the heavy industrial base of the eastsoutheast south end the six male converts with engineering skills chart ilililIII111I1 11 page 53 suggest the possibility of very thorough training at the beginning of queen victorias reign in 1837 london was extremely important for mechanical engineering until the 1860s engineering workshops in southeast lambeth ensured that the shipyards of london were supplied with men of training and talent london male converts were not necessarily the poorest or least able class citizen this conclusion seems to be in some disagreement with ronald walker who noted that during the early 1840s the occupational roles of the emigrants indicated that only slightly more than 20 percent could be judged as middle class and that thereafter the ratio steadily declined until by the 1560s1860s it was less than ten percent for british conversion in general 9 all women converts listed as unskilled were servants many perhaps working in the homes of male converts and their families some of the girls indicated in journals that their deceased fathers were listed as gentlemen in census records but their family had fallen on hard times 10 actually young servants in a small household did have the compensating factors of a safe if not comfortable lodging with free regular meals the average wage for a servant girl in london was by the low standards of the time slightly better than the average working girl in a

nonaiddonald walker cradling mormonism the rise of the dospeloospel in early victorian england 8y11byustudiestistyoliesv provo winter 1987 1291 29

ioclariceIOclarice norma bouck the ZL ifefaefay of m8ry4nnflaryelaryflany anoann 7fay6y1orlorforlon merritt tattletuttletuttie p 1 typed copy my possession

in england a man who did not earn his living by physical labour was referred to as a gentleman in census reports and records where the occupation had to be stated and the certificate of paper given to my great grandfather father of mary anne taylor upon completion of his apprenticeship as a copper and steel engraver also shows gentleman as his occupation 57 factory and certainly better than the average male under twenty 11 within the limits set by their income and the availablityavailability of work a london newcomer moved into streets or into neighborhoods where the prevailing style of life accorded with his own spouses were often chosen from a fairly limited social and geographical range there was in london a significant tendency for inter- marriage within a status group but the largest group children of skilled workers appeared to marry members of all other groups with equal frequency men in london could occasionally marry upward or downward without penalty 12 examples include trunkmantruckmantrunkman william watkins who married well educated hannah maria lampard a teacher and nathaniel jenkins a chimney sweep who married sarah holt a dressmaker domestic service occasionally had rewarding possibilities A young lady in service such as mary anne taylor might be in a position to meet men from another status group whereas a factory girl would not certainly the poulter sisters found it easy to become the wives of wealthy gentlemen a lawyer and a contractor who rescued the sisters from a distressing future as dress and bonnet makers to which their brother thomas had apprenticed them

see chapter VVI11I1 13 women with employment often had the identical occupation as their father husband or brother henry joiner his wife elizabeth and daughters margaret and martha were all involved in the bakery business

ttseamansttI1 I1 seamans life in victorian london p 143

12mcleod12mcleod omssandcfassceass and religion in the L8teatelatefatetate victorianyictorhqn city appp 121.2

13thomas13thomas ambrose poulter life of thomas ambrose poulter from his diary utahurahbrah pioneer biographies 44146 copy of typed manuscripts bound and stored in the family history library 58 harriet morgan and her brother john were apprentice enamelarsenamelersenamelars henry bradley and his wife mary were brushmakersbrushmakers john I1 cooper and his daughter philis made their living as wadding makers quilted fabric14fabric 14 henry savage and his wife sarah his father in law john powers and sarahs sister jemima were skilled silksilkweaversweavers 15 most women did not work at a specific occupation and were housewives in the victorian sense of those women who eventually emigrated to western america many became farmers ranchers builders and drovers during different parts of their lives most learned the art of midwifery allailAH were seasoned health care givers in london and america many of the london converts were involved in the clothing business the percentages of london convert involvement in this trade is similar to that of the total population in the early victorian period nearly six percent of all london males and eight percent of all females were employed in work connected with clothing typically a westnorthwestworth end london tailor such as samuel dean of st lukes may have been involved in custom tailoring for wealthy citizens while an eastsoutheast south tailor such as alfred william saunders of spital fields might be worn down in a sweated trade where working conditions were deplorable and pay for long hours in a hot ill ventilated room unliveable it is necessary that all the facts of employment be individually acquired before a final judjudgementgement as to the social and economic conditions of the london cormonsmormons can be fully evaluated

14 london mormon individual information and sources in appendix yilyllVIIv1va 1

15184115 841 london bethealbethnal breenerbenereenoreengreen census tower hamlets church district ED 15 page 11 59

TABLE ililiiIII111I1 11 AGE OF LONDON CONVERTS AT TTIMEI1 ME OF BAPTISMBAPT ISM

I1 I1 AGE AT BAPTISM MALE PERCENT FEMALE PERCENT TOTALTQTAL PERCENT

70 OLDER 3 212.1 4 262.6 7 242.4 606960 69 7 4.949 6 404.0 13 444.4 505950 59 58 565.6 9 606.0go 17 58555.85.55855 404940 49 13 909.0go 21 13913.9 34 11511.5 303930 39 34 23623.6 29 19219.21192119.2 63 21321.3 202920 29 47 32632.6 57 37737.7 104 35335.3 101910 19 32 22222.2 25 16616.6 57 19319.3 144 100 151 100 295 100

SOURCE THIS TABLE IS BASED ON 295 CONVERTS WITH identifiable teesabesAGES 144 OF WHOM ARE MALE AND 151 OF WHOM ARE FEMALE SOURCES INCLUDE THE LONDON conference membership LIST APPENDIX IX appropriate BRANCH RECORDS PLUS FAMILY HISTORY AND LDS ORDINANCE information

As can be seen fromfromnom table iliIII111I1 11 the largest group of converts were fromfrom the 20 to 29 age group with the second largest from 30 to 39 this finding agrees with the conclusion made by jan G harris concerning the manchester Morcormonsmormonsmons 16 this also reflectsreflectselects the ages of the original mormon missionariesmissionaries1717 and is probably typical of the average age of conversion in the as well as other parts of the british isles the mormon convert record develops a slightly different population pattern from that of england and wales in general which according to the 1841 census indicates forty five percent of the population were under the age of twenty most converts under the age of fifteen were part of family conversion A group of very elderly

danlodanlojanjan 0 harris Morcormonsmormonsmons in victorian manchester byustudiesBYU staditstadiaStudiess 27 winter 1988 149 17lorenzo17LorenzoLorenzirenainenzi snow was 20 accordingrdingarding to 1841 london finsburyainsburyFinsbury census the LDS almanacalm8178c however gives his birthbirthratebirthdatedate as 1814 making him 26 in 1840 woodruff was 33 born 1807 brigham young and heber C kimball were 39 born 18018011 and 80 A smith was 23 born 1817 60 converts were observed in the poplar branch the ten servant girl converts identified in the occupation charts seem to add to the profile of the women causing convert percentages in the 202920 29 group to appear even greater five more women than men were identified with an exact baptismal date which is a significant equal number for the two sexes in general religion was delegated as womens responsibility in much of working class britain particularly in the early victorian period 18 in 1851 almost 40 percent of all women in england and wales between the ages of twenty and forty four were unmarried and a total of nearly 252.5 million persons of both sexes in this age group were single according to census searches by leading historians 19 walker adds

if the membership of the manchester branch were repre- sentativesentative most early victorian converts were in their twenties and thirties and single consequently their freedom to accept a new religion and even a new citizenship was unrestrained by ties of marriage and a settled life 20

these findings are not reflected in the profile of the london converts during the 1840s most converts were members of family groups converts seemed to be evenly divided between men and women and few single men or women are listed without other family members this conclusion seems to agree better with information provided by PAM taylor who strongly stated his position that britishersBritishers were converted and emigrated in family groups

I1 mcleodvmcleodmmcleod class 8ndreliandadd religionpiangionpton in theemeeeeme Llatetate8te victorianvievicyietartaptopfantan city p 3030

I1 aj9jJFCF C harrisonherhenr ison thetaezae faf8early1yay victoriansvaetorvactoransmns p 2626

sironaldsoronald20ronald20SORonald walker byustudiesBYUvya StualiesStudies 27 1291.29 61 his figure for british emigrant families shows that 15112 of 1579118791 members or 80480.4 percent were vellingtravellingtratravel I1 ing in some sort of familyfam 1yay group 21

CHART V london mormon convert family groups

related familiesfam i I1 iesles examples only Z I1 milesmillsmilo joinersfrsnklincrumpjoinersfranklincrump lardentalbionLardent Albion savagepowellhillsavagepowellhili biggspiercyhawkins boothmitchelldavisboothm itchelatchel I1 davis paintercowderyPainter Cowdery westcooperdangerfield crumpbinderCrump Binder watkinsfowlerWatkins Fowler heneferhulksHenefer Hulks blackettmitchellblackettmitehellBlackett Mitchell morganpailingMorgan Pailing colemanconnerColeman Conner dOliverfordoliverFor robinsonosbournemilo merhtttaylormerritttaylorMerrittmennitt taylonTaylor margettsbishopMargettsBishop poulterstrubbell

SOURCE FAMILY GROUPS identified AMONG 400 LONDON CONVERTS FROM THE membership RECORD OF THE LONDON conference APPENDIX IX CRITERIA FOR SELECTION TWO OR MORE IDENTICAL SURNAMES FOR CONVERTS LIVING AT THE SAME ADDRESS THIS ADDED UP TO ONE HUNDRED AND ELEVEN GROUPSOROUPS MOST OF WHOM SHOWED MORE THAN THREE NAMES PER FAMILY

in conclusion at least 95 percent of the london converts were part of a larger family group including the servant girls there are only four names which cannot be attached to a family though additional research may find a connection for even these few many of the younger single members of a family did travel ahead to zion and the utah territory george staples was actually captured by indians and adopted by an indian mother on his trek west his father following the next year managed to find his son and arrange for his return to civilized london style society in the valley 22

z1pamPAM taylor expectations westward the Morlnaranoravonmoosnaosnoosnons andanalanafane the emigration of theiraamir britisgritisbritish converts in the nineteenth Cenaencentorycenturytilry edinburgh oliver and boyd 1965 pp146147appp 146 147

2222 the &jpstaplesleT family 111jrj0ry4t50cijji0nhistory association newmewnewsletterslettersaetter july 1984 p 8 typed copy on file as document 287 in the family history library CHAPTER IV nonconformist LONDON AND THE MORMONS

the early was essentially a religious age with considerable outward observance in 1851 for the first time an official census was taken at all places of religious worship it showed that on sunday 30 march 1851 over seven million of the eighteen million inhabitants of england and wales attended religious public services excluding tiny children invalids and aged persons which would total about thirty percent who could not attend church or chapel this would leave a remarkable sixty percent of possible worshippersworshippers in attendance most of the absentees lived in urban areas according to the same census however of the attenders in the cities thelargesttheth largestelargest percent were working class citizens

I11 drawn to nonconformitynonconf orm i ty and the evangelicalsevange licalsI1 i ca I1 s among the working classes religion could be a consolation and a social sedative or an inspiration in the struggle for social justice from and wesleyanism through primitive methodism and revivalism there was a gradual shading off into the more extreme forms of protestant sectarianism for working men and women in the values of sectarianism they found something which could not be found elsewhere in early victorian society in nonconformity they formed a membership in an intelligent and familiar community where they could feel that their talents were fully

john F C harrison the early yictoriwsvictor fansbansrans 1832511832 51 blasbiasglasgowglasgowolasgowOlasgow william collins and sons ltd 1984 p 151511 63 valued where they were provided with a sense of separateness from the world and could partake in a common experience of conversion and where they could share a belief in a mission to preach the kingdom and prepare for the second coming in nonconformity the common man recognized a congenial home with values different from those of the wider society and where unbounded hope of a future could be indulged 2 this thesis will not attempt to review english religious history only a few points need to be made in the 1840s three movements were readily apparent 1 for the intellectual who could not stomach religion there was a movement to deism and a humanist philosophy a religion of secularism 2 for the truly believing clergyman or member of the there was a need to reform and anglican champions of social reform began to emerge 3 for the working class member of society some varieties of nonconformity provided a solution for his religious yearnings workers felt at home in a rented room or a green field listening to a preacher who was himself a working man and spoke their language this was where the mormon effort fit into the picture according to historian ronald walker

mormonism became one of the few denominations to prosper in the working class environment converts saw their new religion as a sharp contrast from the cold formality of the anglican and nonconformist organizations with their stereo- typed prayers formalized sermons purchased pews and un- happy views of mankindsmankinds depravity the saints prospered in the 1840s in part because of inferior competition 3

abid2bid21bid p 161

aronald3ronaldronald walker cradling mormonism the rise of the gospel in early victorian england 8yuayubyustudies27staffesstadfes 77 winterwinten 1987 133 64

an outstanding example of a typical nonconformist suburb which responded to the mormon message was bethealbethnal green one of the most uniform as well as one of the smallest of the metropolitan boroughs a narrow strip about two miles from west to east and a half to three quart ers of a mile from north to south extending from shoreditch5horeditchShoreditch high street at the north eastern corner of the city to victoria park the chief open space of the east end formerly part of the parish of stedneystepney it covered some of the poorest areas of london from 15011801 when the population was 40000 to 1851 when the population had doubled bethealbethnal green architecturally consisted of two story cottages with small yards or patches of grass behind covering the parish from east to west eighty two percent of the parish population were native londonersLondoners far more than any other district

As reported in chapter III111 in the early nineteenth century bethealbethnal green and 5ptalfieldsspitalfieldsSpital fields were the center of silk weaving in london an industry which began to decline between 1820 and 1850 leaving much poverty in families that had formerly been quite productive 4 the church of england was late in noticing bethealbethnal green in 153715571837 bishop bloomfield chose bethealbethnal green as a model missionary parish but to a typical anglican minister bethealbethnal green was an unwelcome missionary assignment being isolated by the suspicion of the natives and by the differences in language and custom which made the life of the local population repugnant these clergy were pained by the overt and public existence of much that in the respectable classes was hidden behind proper

ahugh4hughugh mcleod classglassceass and reamedmeareligionqiangiangaan ininn thetae late victorian city london croon helm ltd 1974 p 104 mcleod uses bethealbethnal oreengreen as a prime example of a laboring class borough from the east end though his study eventually moves into the later victorian age he lays the groundwork in the early victorian period making this location ideal as a basis for a london mormon study 65 manners and tasteful demeanor the state church was not a success here anglican bishop bloomfield called bethnalbetheal green the spot where it is said 1 we have sown our seed in vain 5 in return many east enders regarded a parson as fair game for any insult they could devise promisingprom i sing material for a practical joke nonconformity was in simple terms indigenous to londonersLondoners the independent chapel in bethealbethnal green dated from 1662 and since then several large baptist and congregational chapels had been added to the area most of the leaders of these congregations came from a slightly lower social stratum than did the anglican clergy among officials identified as leaders of religious organizations were a lithographer 5pitalfields5pita1fields a greengrocer little allie street strict baptist a chemist bow congregational a corn merchant poplar wesleyan circuit a master printer approach road congregational 6 and a silkweaversilkweaver henry savage whitechapel mormon 7 henry savage b 1810 the bethealbethnal green silksilkweaverweaver was put to the loom at nine years of age which meant he had little chance for formal schooling fortunately his mother was a methodist and always took him to love feasts and to sunday school where he learned to read this bit of information is important in understanding london mormon converts many of whom judging from the quality of their journals and the beauty of their script were somewhat scholarly even though the authors were apprenticed

5bidp51bid p 104

61bidbid p 107

7memoirsmemoirs of henry savage and family reel 6 126 hormonnt7r177o17 D fanestanesoi8rieseanes in7 tletrethetye library of congress allailAH future quotes from henry swagesavage are included in the diary whitechapel was the name of the branch over which henry presided whitechapel later became notorious as the stomping ground of jack the ripper 66 at an early age and lacked formal educational opportunities 68 any schooling at all was exceptional nathaniel jenkins of st pancras remembers that as a child he lived close to a cemetery and his schooling consisted of what he learned from reading the tombstones 9 fortunately most nonconformist congregations offered a sunday school which included the three Rs along with religious education according to JFC harrison

it is not an accident that almost every self educated working man in early and mid victorian england who came to write his memoirs paid tribute to the beneficial influences of methodism in his youth sunday schools which had grown rapidly since their foundation in 1780 were handicapped by the part time basis of their operation and were perhaps mainly useful in giving able boys a start if they were ambitious enough to educate themselves 10 henry savage seemed to have used his little education well when the time came to seek an appropiateappropriate religion one paragraph from his life story is fitting here As a young adult henry remembered

I1 met with the methodists in class and became a sunday school teacher and tried to be religious but I1 never felt satisfied with myself I1 would hear others get up and testify to the pardoning love of god and how they knew their sins were forgiven but I1 could never get so excited as to testify as they did and yet I1 felt that I1 was living a little better than some of them and so I1 finally concluded there was something wrong somewhere I1 then met among the baptists and calvinists the spiritual israelites the irvingitesIrvingites the milleritesMillerites and other sects and

btwoatwowo london mormon converts from this period david candland and frederick piercy were actually well educated enough to become pamphleteers for the latter day saints producing well written and thoughtful tracts see david J whittaker early mormon Pamphleteerpamphleteeringing journal of normon history provo 1977 438

neignelgneinel lo10 H bassett latzatl8tdata 0on the familysamilysamely of nathaniel dejenkins17a i175 private printing 1973 p 2 memoirs of nathaniel jenkins indicate that when he was a small bayboy he was sold by an aunt to a chimney sweep who beat and starved him

10harrisonHarr ison the jare8rearearlyly victoriansyievyetartortopjansyans p 16516S 67

oartpartiespart i es 11 but couldcou I1 d not findf i nd rest forfor the olesoiessoless of my feet so I1 set them down as blind leaders of the blind I1 then tried to find rest in philosophy and read the works of thomas payne voltairvoltaireVol tair byron and many other cureallscurealls of that day but they were no where in my mind such men did not know the depravity and wickedness of their own hearts they would rob me of the little faith I1 did have and give me nothing in return later henry noted

these were terrible times for me being sadly buffeted about so I1 gave up all church going and spent my spare time in reading the bible history and other good books in this way through my travel and study I1 hoped to become a well informed and well educated man 12 bethealbethnal green and henry savage are strong examples of the attitude and searching that was occurring within the boroughs of the city of london the typical citizens were not antireligionanti religion but they were anti establishment they were ready for religious good news particularly when it was brought in from the unorthodox new world the apostles had entered the city with some concern but soon found people waiting for their message wilford woodruff fearfully confided to his journal

17 octl840oct 1840 london england it is the darkest prospect before us of any place we have been in since we entered the vineyard but the lord is with us and we are not discouraged 13

ilanliann attempt was made to locate a henry savage membership in the spitalfieldsSpital fields and bethealbethnal green nonconformist registers citedd in the above paragraph in the same manner that information concerning the watkins family in lingtonillingtonislingtonIs was uncovered however henry did not marry until after 1841 and was not having a record of children baptized or christened in nonconformist registers before he joined the mormon church so there is no reason for him to be listed the watkins were older than savage and their names appear prominently in nonconformist records as their children were born and baptisedbaptibaptizedsed as demonstrated in footnote 29 page74

12thethe quotes in this chapter by henry savage were also acknowledeged in malcolm R article the religious backgrounds of mormon converts in britain 1837521837 52 journal of 10707mormon history 1977 454

13 wilford woodruffwoodrilfflloarnalsjournals 2521252 68

wilford woodruff was a bit more optimistic when he added another paragraph to his journal on sunday 6 december 15401840 explaining with satisfaction and some smugness that an unidentified independent minister invited him home to take tea woodruff accepted the invitation with alacrity remembering the assistance that nonconformist clergy often provided the mormon cause in other parts of england and america woodruff carefully explained the gospel to his visitor then noted in his journal that the preacher received his testimony and offered his chapel which would hold eight hundred seekers the minister even hinted he might be baptized and would influence his society to do the same this was the opening to london proselytizing for which woodruff and his fellow missionary apostles had been working and praying it is uncertain who this first minister was but on friday 11I1 I1 december 1840 woodruff identified james albion of 9 12 spencer place as a preacher of the independent order and added he and his household manifest a faith in our doctrine 14 A few weeks later preacher james albion was baptized a member of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints A few lines from the autobiography of william lampard watkins picks up this story and provides an effective introduction into the history of several london cormonsmormons who were subsequently converted by the nonconformist independent preacher james albion who evidently exposed them to wilford woodruff and the mormon experience albion who was excommunicated at least twice during the woodruff years 15 eventually

14 wilfordW if fordfond woodruffoodrt1ffl1aurna1sjournalsjournajs 15778

15jamesjamesaltnonalbion at 50 of finsburyainsburyFinsbury become an elder anon the daydeydby he was retsaptisedreb8ptisedin in the Islington branch 6 sep 1850 by elder william cook according to london branch historical records he actually lived until 79 1924 however this information is probably incorrect it may have referred to a son by the same name 69 baptized more london members than any other english missionary during the

18404515404515401840 45 period as shown in chart VIIIVI I1 I1 williamwiiliamwiiiiamwi I1 I1 iamtam lampard watkins recalledrecalrecai led

from eight years of age until fourteen I1 attended the brewers school being the gift of of lady owen on st johns road lingtonillingtonislingtonIs london 16 during my boyhood I1 attended church with my parents known as irvingitesIrvingites on sunday mornings and sunday school in the afternoons with the wesleyanswesleyannWesleyans on leaving school I1 became acquainted with the latter day saints and in the month of may whitsun sunday with consent of my parents I1 was baptized by james albon and confirmed by lorenzo snow 17

these few small clues unlock a fascinating picture of a family in search of a satisfying religious experience in a london with many choices a picture that is much more revealing than even william dreamed after tracing the watkins family into the nonconformist records hoping to locate membership in the two units mentioned in the above paragraph it was discovered that this family had been associated with at least four separate congregations often concurrently baptism and christening records for ten watkins children were eventually located in 01 st marys parish chapel of the anglican church st maryleboneMaryl ebone 2 the duncan street irvingite church lingtonillingtonislingtonIs 3 the newman street catholic apostolic Orvinirvingiteirvingiteorvingitegite church of st maryleboneMaryl ebone where their daughter emma was christened on 20 jan 153318531833

tthisathis16this interesting statement provides an insight into the educational opportunities in early victorian london according to samuel lewis in A topographical ajrayrdictionarytio178rv of england 44yo1svolsvois london 5 lewis and co 1845 14714711 st james parish had the right of sending six scholars to the free grammar school founded by lady alice owen for natives of this parish and that of Islington william lampard watkins was evidently one of the young scholars selected for this honor

wiiliamwiiiiam17william17william lampard watkins autobiography film copy on file Ms d 2050 20 5 p 1 historical department church of jesus christ of latter day saints hereafter cited LDS archives 70 and 4 the upper street independent church in lingtonillingtonislingtonIs london 18 the evidence is strong that the last named group the upper street independent church in lingtonillingtonislingtonIs 19 is the independent congregation influenced by reverend james albion 20 this conclusion is based on some exact information but primarily on internal and quantitative evidence five couples are named in the upper street independent church who are also listed as converts to the church of jesus christ of latter day saints during the years 1840451840 45 they include william and mary anne birch who were baptized in 1842 and who emigrated in 1847 william and susanna morris who were baptized in 1841 by lorenzo snow and emigrated in 1844 william and hannah maria watkins who were baptized in 1841 by james albion and emigrated in 1842 william and mary west who were baptized 229 may 1842 by albion and Lewzeylewzey2llewzey2121 and who emigrated 21 feb 1853 and phillip and anne williams who were baptized by albion and snow 16 sep- tember 1841 in addition london mormon member names elizabeth brooks

birthiobirthinbirth and christening parish records for the watkins family in church of england and nonconformist congregations can be located in the salt lake city family history library as follows st marys F 580913 duncan street irvingiteirvingitefF 1238605 item 17 newman street catholic apostolic F 1037086 upper street independent lingtonillingtonislingtonIs F 1238605 item 15 and F 825319 item 232 3

19thethe independent church was a congregationalcongregationalist ist group claiming authority resided with the congregation most preachers of this persuasion were lay ministers james albion has been identified from a marriage witness record as a carpenter A copy of this document is in possession of writer it shows james albon carpenter as a witness to the marriage of his son james albon to susannah lardent susannahs father william lardent was the other witness lardent was also a convert member of the church of jesus christ of latterlatten dwdaydby saints

20certain20certain london researchers have identified the ebeneezer baptist chapel on commercial road as the one led by reverend james albion this chapel is mentioned by wilford woodruff on 27 dec 1840 however I1 have been unable to locate a nonconformistnoncomformistnoncom form ist group by that name if there were such a congregation the location aouwouldwou id not make it as easleasieastlyeasilyly accessiaccessibleb 1eae to albionA b ionton who ivedtvedlivedI1 on boswellooswell road which is further to the north my research does not support this conclusion for the reasons stated in above text

1 2 see lewsey footnote 3311 page 7575 71 anne whitby and james dixon are listed in the membership records of both congregations secondary quantitative clues support additional identification the address designations of the upper street independent members are identical to those of the london cormonsmormons found in westnorthwestworthWest North london membership rolls some addresses are actually next door to those recorded for leading converts two examples are revealing a leonard family is listed at 42 ironmonger row next door to benjamin morgan host to wilford woodruff and lorenzo snow at 40 ironmonger row another family john and mary cooper richardson are shown living at 19 ironmonger with a son john richardson john richardson is a member name as is cooper at least twenty street and address designations duplicate those listed for london mormon members including spencer street and goswell road where james albion resided castle street 22 britannia row cross street fletcher row johns row johns street skinner street hull street Pentpentonvilleonville bunhilbunhillbonhillBunhilhiihllhill and

MacjaccmaccclesfieldmacclesfieldI1 est i e I1 d 23 four parishes are identified as a primary civil designation for the nonconformist independent membership they are st marys lingtonillingtonislingtonIs st roldolphboldolphBol dolph aldersgateAldersgate st leonard shoreditch5horeditchShoreditch and st james clerkenwellClerkenwell these are also primary for our london converts finally family names duplicate the london conference northwestnorth west membership rolls including

castiezzcastlecastle street is the address of william and mary west who were baptisedbaptibaptizedsed in 1842 castle street chapel finsburyainsburyFinsbury is the name of one of the early branches of which the records were missing the castle street branch was combined with the the austin street shoreditchShoreditch branch on I11 mar 1844 by vote see appendix I1

fuli23fullfull street name identification are occasionally missing ie macclesfied street road blvd 72 dell hillhlll freeman porter johnson morgan ballam osborne clifton west cooper richardson and whitmore 24 there are problems in stating unequivocally that the upper street independent church of lingtonillingtonislingtonIs was the one referred to in woodruffs journal on 20 december 1840 obviously the biggest problem is that the name of james albion is not mentioned in the record located secondly the record consists only of births and confirmations and ends in 15371837 three years before the mormon missionaries ever appeared on the scene the only adults members listed were those of childbearing age which generally meant they were born in the early years of the nineteenth century finally there is no mention of single members childless couples or the elderly however there are two reasons why the identification of this

congregation is valuable to this study and valid as a research tootool 1 it verifies the picture we have of the nonconformist influence on london conversion in the 1840s 2 because these records begin earlier in the century they begin to develop a clearer picture of the family as it resided in central london according to english historian hugh mcleod

the population included relatively large devout subculturessub cultures predominantly nonconformist in nineteenth century london in which the idea of the family was central and there was a minimum of separation between the male and female worlds nonconformist families were those that made a definite profession of religion and had no time for a division of rolls 25 the records of the upper street independent church seem to agree with the membership records of the west end london branches that religion

24thisthis writer has searched at least twenty nonconformist registers from these london neighborhoods with insignificant duplication of family names or addresses

25hughhugh mcleod 019s5&ndre1igio17ofass anddod religion in thefyetym latetafefaferatedete victorian citygity p 30 73 was a family affair with men and women equally involved this conclusion is not found from ldald5lids membership records for Manchestermanchester2626 where converts are predominantly single nor does it agree with conclusions provided by ron walker who determined english converts were primarily young and single 27 the records are in better agreement with the conclusions of PAM taylor whose studies substantiated a remarkable equality of men and women converts who traveled and worworshippedshipped as family units 2628 these records also sustain the demographic conclusions of chapter

III111 which present west end membership occupations representing a full range of status groups intermingled within the neighborhood as well as within the religious congregation see chart I1 page 50 the upper street independent church and mormon membership records are almost identical in revealing a spectrum of occupations for male members from laborer to gentleman both records include clerk stock broker engineer clockmaker jeweler plus all of the skilled trades listed for westnorthwestworth end males on chart II11I1 I1 page 51 there is no supporting information concerning a servant class for female members however this is probably because only married childbearingchild bearing families are listed the upper street independent church records verify residential patterns for london families and they duplicate assumptions made from the london conference address records which were much more limited most lower class families moved every two to four years this pattern of

danojano0 harris Morcormonsmormonsmons in manchester bbbBYU studiesstaoliesv winter 1987 149

waikerwalken27walker27walker cradling mormonism BYUsyta studiesllstodiestitdies27Studiesll 1987 1 29

28pam28PAM taylor expectations westwardwe ttwero 1 7thetyee hafaNarlmafanarlnonscormonsnormonsnaosnoosnons sodandsom tethefyetye emigration of their british converts in the Nineteennineteenthnineteentbtb century edinburgh & london oliver & boyd 1965 p 146 and 158 74

movement is pronounced in the birth records of the independent church many member families would request a birthconfirmationbirth confirmation ceremony for each new child and each child was traditionally born two years apart nearly all of the families would report a different living address but within

the same neighborhood 29 this agrees with research presented in chapter II11I1 I1 the william lampard watkins autobiography paragraph page 69 sustains the history of the nonconformist movement in london in that it verifies the concept of religious seekers moving from group to group they seemed to be members of an underworld of religion searching for a truth with which they could become intimately involved 30 members of sects untouched by orthodox churches as were the citizens of bethealbethnal green londonersLondoners were ripe for the promises of the new american religion and of

29the william and hannah maria watkins family provides an excellent example of constant residential movement plus occupation signationdesignationoieolecIe changes the upper street independent church records show maria born 1823 to william and maria watkins of norfolk st father bricklayer walter born 1825 to william and maria watkins of middle walk father laborer william born 1827 to william and maria watkins of elder walk father plasterer joseph born 1829 to william and maria watkins of orchard st father bricklayer henry born 1831 to william and maria watkins of britannia R father boxmaker

when william and hannah maria were located in the lingtonillingtonislingtonIs 1841 census they lived on cross street and william was identified as a truckmantrunkmantrunkman or shopkeeper

joltit must be noted membership records for the watkins family have never been found in london mormon congregation or emigration archives the only notice of membership during this period comes from their own personal and family histories the ordinance records kept by the latterlatten day saintssalsai antsnts plusp I1 us the 1840411840 4 1mammanuscriptanescruscr i pt storystonyhistoryH i of the london conference whichwh ich often refers to brother watkins no first name records of their existence in the london area are plentiful however both from civil and ecclesiastical sources evidently certain early 1840451840 45 membership records are lost see appendix 1 this possibility is important for other families who have roots in the early missionary period for which documentation is unavailable the suggestion is that perhaps the registers of the upper street independent church of lingtonillingtonislingtonIs might provide a clue for a member whose records are missing A single page at the end of the year 1849 in the manuscript history of the church does list all missionaries for the decade from london william watkins and samuel smith are both included 75 the talented persuasive representatives who came into their midst walker has written

clearly the saints lay and unpretentious ministry worked to their advantage the american missionaries might take the lead but duly ordained english converts carried the ministerial load this allowed mormonism to shed whatever image it might have possessed as a foreign intruder indeed it facilitated the conversion of many former preachers who might secure mormon membership and mormon priesthood on the same day and continue without interruption their errand for the lord 31

walkers concept however is somewhat wistful the same qualities of independence and free thinking that made the nonconformist seeker eager to embrace the mormon faith were also the qualities that made for a rocky beginning indeed nonconformist leaders and lay ministers such as albion expected to continue to make the rules after joining the church of jesus christ of latter day saints and it was this expectation that made for some difficulty with authority particularly authority from far away america on the 15th of june 1842 an officers meeting was called at the home of william morris 2 bath place bath street to organize the priesthood to go into the parks and streets for the purpose of missmissionaryionaryconary discussion 32 elder

31 walker cradling mormonism byustudiesBYU stalStilstavStudiesdiesdyes 27 1987 133

32thisthis information and information for the rest of chapter unless otherwise stated comes from Llondon 0017leconferencerencenence Recorecordsrolsroes aoivolvoiabavba 1 british fissionmission manuscript history oftleoftbeof the units of thetae church CR mh 5006 LDS archivesArchi Yesves information can be located by date 76 lewsey 33 brother watkins and henry corner were sent to clerkenwellClerkenwell elder brooks and covington Seniorsenior3434 were sent to borough south of the thames elder morgan and P maye were sent to paddington this was the first time local priesthood members were called to hold street meetings after lorenzo snow was called back to zion35 nauvoo illinois in 1842 the london conference was left to the leadership of english converts this was not all together a good experience for the members snow tentatively divided the mission into three parts before he left on 12 august 1842 he wrote a note to president in liverpool

1 stating I have organized the church into three branches all things are going very prosperously there however in 1843 after another european conference president rueben hedlockbedlockHed lock visited london the message was not quite so optimistic he wrote to the brethernethernbretherdbr of his alarm at the weird inexperienced and dangerous teachings which were currently being delivered by local london elders he found elder booth preaching in public squares against the government fortunately another convert also an elder willmer benson was working in the police office in london and he was able to intercept this untimely threat and issue a warning to the ethernbrethernbretherdbr before booth talked himself into a jail cell hedlockbedlock realized there

33 elder william lewsey loosley lewzey is first identified 10 novNOY 1841 in the london conference records when he offered to fix up his shop at 15 goldsmith row in hackney for meetings for the fledgling church he became president of the london east branch probably austin street chapel shoreditchShoreditch briefly in 1843 he was tremedouslytrem6douslytremendously successful as a missionary with thirty three identifiable convertsconventsconyerts on 11I1 I1 march 1844 the members recognized that lewsey and the henders were to emigrate to zion this is the last ferrencereferrencere located for lewsey the henders were still livingliying in lingtonillingtonislingtonIs branch in london in 1850

34thishis is an interesting identification from the london conference records of this date inasmuch as other information indicates covington senior died before baptism eveneyen though lorenzo snow preached at his funeral

35zion35 zion is identified by cormonsmormons as a locality where members reside generally on the the american continent and more specifically where the church is headquartered 77 was a need for more experienced leadership as well as a proper place to meet he tried several different things he first eliminated the three small districts and made one larger unit with englishman henry crump as pre siding elder and american john cairns in charge of the london conference this didnt work either james albion organized his own skinner street branch 36 hedlockbedlock again dividedredividedre the conference into three primary branches which included several small forgotten units these new branches were london west with william lewsey as president london east with benson in charge and woolwich under the direction of john griffithsgriffitsiths 37 on sunday 14 july 15441844 the london situation had still not improved hedlockbedlock wrote to from 7 duke street westminster

I1 am now in the great metropolis of the british empire and the unwise teaching of some of our inexperienced elders keeps me continually employed to prevent the wrath and indignation of the government from being let loose on us I1 have had to visit many conferences this season to regulate difficulties that had occuredoccurred through aspiring men and jealousies and have been successful thus far in restoring peace and tranquility without cutting any off the church 38 in august 1844 elder elisha hildebrand davis arrived from america to become london conference president his first assignment was to preach a memorial service in honor of his personal friend the martyredmartyred prophet joseph smith on 2 august 15441844 by this time the london conference was

301tit is uncertain whether this branch was organized with proper authority or if the authority was provided after the deed was done

3711i11e1717iy137 tliljennial star 484 this division of westeastWest East is not the same as the westeastWest East neighborhood break as identified in chapter II11I1 I1 and on map I1 p 42 see also discussion in chapter III111 demographics

38 london coconferenceaerenre records 9rarbritishitisaish nisshissmissviscissionnissionNisves ioaio7javsionshonshooyav volyolyoiV0 1 I1 CRCR rnhanhm h 50065006 1414julJu 1 1844 LDS archives 78

divided into the theobalds road branch meeting in a hallhalihail off grays inn road in holborn the skinner street branch founded by albion which may have been meeting in castle street near finsburyainsburyFinsbury square clerkenwellClerkenwell and the dedicated and faithful woolwich group 39 president davis a miller by trade found that his leadership years 18451846184515461845 15461846 were filled with communicationsexcommunicationsex disfehowshippingdisfellowshippingdisfellowship ping resentencerepentencerepentence and rebaptism as the church began the refining process needed to develop a full fledged mem- bership and proper leaders able to assume their roles in the london church later many of the most faithful and talented migrated to zion leaving the church bereft of much of the leadership from the nonconformistnoncomformist move-

ment 40 others however stayed for some years and became leadersI1 of new branches that were organized throughout london and the british isles

CHART vilVIIV 11 LONDON conference leader5hleadershipI1 P

I1 WILFORD WOODRUFF 1840 41 184041 I1 lorenzosnowLORENZLORENZO SNOWOSNOW 1841421841 42 W LEWSEYW MAJOR 1842431842- 43 JOHN calCAIRNSCAI RNS 1843441843 44 ellshaELISHA hildebrand DAVIS 1844461844 46 mission officially organized 14 feb 1841 lorenzo snow first president source manuscriptm9nilseript history of the units of thecharchthefhefye charcachurchCharch landonlandunlondon conference records 9ritislbritish tifssionmissionmis5ion CR mh 5006 vol 01 LDS archives

bibid3ibidibid voilyollyolayol1 1841 lorenzo snow commented in a letter to heber C kimball about the woolwich branch an undated copy of which is in the london conference manuscript history

this little branch of six members you left in woolwich still continues the same in number strong in faith and rejoicing in the midst of persecution they have stood like a mighty rock in the midst of dashing waves unharmed and unmoved have obtained and rented a commodious chapel zion soon will enlarge her borders in the town of woolwich

40several40several of these early leadersleadensI1 rs from the 1840451840 45 years made the arduous zion trail journey in reverse to return to england as full time missionaries among those to return were david candland robert hodgert william warner major he died from chills and flu serving as london conference president phillip margetts william poulter and william lampard watkins thomas poulter returned with his children for a visit and decided he was right to leave in the first place see chapter VIV 11I1 79

TABLE IV recorded missionary baptism percentages by year

year converts Percenpercentagetwe 1840 17 525.2 1841 76 23023.0 1842 49 14814.8 1843 60 18218.2 1844 64 19419.4 1845 64 19419.4 330 1000100.0

SOURCE information ON ABOVE TABLE WAS BASED ON 330 CONVERTS MEMBERS WITH AN identifiable BAPTISMAL DATE EXTRACTED FROM THE 400 MEMBER LIST OF THE LONDON conference AND BRANCH RECORDS 184018451840- 1845 FHL 087014 SEE APPENDIX IX

based on this table IV and chart vilVIIVI I1 page 78 it is seen that the most productive years were under the leadership of lorenzo snow in 1841 and elisha H davis who was london mission president from 1844 to 1846 both men were missionaries from america this is particularly interesting as the davis tenure began exactly one month after the martydommartymartyrdomdom of the mormon prophet joseph smith who was killed on 27 june 1844 the davis tenure continued during a period of great disarray in america as the latter day saints were driven from their homes in nauvoo the churchs headquarters the church was temporarily without the strong leadership upon which it depended and many opposing factions appeared brigham young did not lead the saints into the salt lake valley until july 1847 many followers were left homeless and without supplies A memorial service for joseph and hyrum smith was conducted in london on 4 august 1844 with elisha hildebrand davis an intimate friend of the prophet as speaker according to the henry 80 savage jouri731thejournal news of josephs death came late 41 in spite of josephs death the fact that the london members personally knew brigham young and wilford woodruff probably made for a better sense of stability and contin- uity with the london members of the church than might be expected oth erwiseberwiseerwise4242 it is well documented that on 8 august 1844 brigham young and the apostles became the leaders of most of the LDS church members

41savage41 savage memoirs reel 6 12 21 according to the memoirs of weaver henry savage he was upstairs in his two story bethealbethnal breenoreengreen cottage weaving at his loom when he heard the voice of his brother in law james hillhili calling to him

oh harry savage arose and walked out onto the balcony looking down to answer what is it james A mob has killed the prophet joseph and his brother hyrum what do you think of mormonism now why I1 think the same as I1 did before it is the work of bodoodgod can you telteitellteliteilI1 me james of a prophet of bodoodgod that was not killed did they not kill the savior and his apostles they cannot destroy mormonism by killing its prophets the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church

it may be that london convert members could afford to be so casual concerning the death of the prophet because they had become intimately acquainted with the apostles during the london period and had great love and faith in these men as leaders many of the london convert children were named for the original missionaries to the city A family group sheet for woolwich branch president samuel punday and his wife eliza shows the birth of twin sons on 14 july 1852 they were named brigham and heber

42therethere are many testimonies concerning the mantle of the prophet joseph smith descending publicallypublically to brigham young after the prophets death one of the most impressive was recorded by london convert william lampard watkins who was part of the group of londonersLondoners to emigrate early to nauvoo he testified 8 aug 1844 in his autobiography p 33 that

itwasasolemmit was a soleimsolemm time but the darkness was soon dispelled for brigham young explainedexp I1 ai ned before the deoppeoppeopleI1 e on that day the order of the priesthoodP r iesthoodestestwoodhood he was ffilledi I1 I1 ed with the power of the holy ohostghost he stood before the people as the prophet joseph smith often had and we heard the voice of the true shepherd for he spoke with the voice of joseph his manner and appearance were like unto josephs and it was manifested to all those present upon whom the responsibility rested to carry on the work of oodgod and lead the saints I1 satset in that assembly and did not realize for a time but that I1 was still listening to the prophet joseph so great and marvelous was the manner in which the manifestation before the entire congregation was made that when the proposition was placed before the people to decide whom they would sustain as the leader of the church the twelve apostles with brigham young as their president were almost unanimously sustained this circumstance although the saints were in deep trouble and filled with sorrow for the condition in which they were placed brought a great relief and gave joy to the saints for they realized that oodgod was still mindful of them 81

CHART VIVIII11 tentative missionary convert numbers 1840491840 49

Missiomissionarynarvnary loccupation iconvertslconverts lyearsiyearsayears active nationality davis elisha H imilleramillerminer 14747 11844618446 jamericanJAmericanamerican albion james ministercrpntriministercrpntr 14141 11840518405 englishienglish lewsey william shopishop keeper 13333 11841518415 1 english snow lorenzo ischoolischookschool teachminteachmenteach min 13636 11841218412 jamericanJAmericanamerican adams 0 A iministerminister 11212 118431843 jamericanJAmericanamerican booth WilliamwilliamjohnJohn clockmaker 11212 11842918429 1 englisheng ish griffiths john lengiengengineerlengineerineer 11919 118421842 iwelshwelsh kimballkimbellkimbailkimballhebercheberheben C ministerfarmeriministerfarmerminister farmerfarmen 177 118401840 jamericanJAmericanamerican CairncairnscairnsjohnsJohndohnjohn 1 177 1 jamericanJAmericanamerican banksjohnBanksJohn I1 stonecutter 1 5 1 1 engenglishish wilford woodruff iministerminister 144 1184041184041 jamericanJAmericanamerican crump henry jewelerijeweler 144 11843718437 1 englengienglishish cope W theophilus 1 144 1 englishienglish smith 60 A iministerminister 133 118401840 jamericanJAmericanamerican savage henry silksiiksliksilkweaverisilkweaverweaver 133 englisheng i 11h smithsmitheasmithoaSmithOA0 A ministerfarmeriministerfarmerminister farmerfarmen 133 JAmericanamerican ballam alfred gardnerigardneregardner 133 1 englishienglish carkdarkcankclarkclank john 1 1 3 1 engenglishish squires henry 1 1 3 englishienglish taylor robert lengiengengineerlengineerineer 1 3 1 englishienglish major william W I1 portrait painter 133 11843418434 englishienglish schieb john peter I1 piano forte maker 1 2 10ermangerman venner richard 1 1 2 englishienglish bensonbensonwillmerwillmer I1 police department 1 2 1 engenglishish Bbrothertonrothertonthenton joseph 1 1 2 1 candelonCandalon david 1 1 2 1 hender william icarpentercarpenterscarpenter 122 1 1 englisheng ish hedlockbedlockHedhed1ockruebenlock rueben iministerminister 122 1 jamericanJAmericanamerican hydehydeorsonorsononson iministerminister 122 1 jamericanJAmericanamerican missionaries with one baptism listed included brooks clifton covington hamilton martin pugmire sutherland sheffield brigham young and parley P pratt

SOURCES these numbers were extracted from the list of 400 members with an identifiable baptizing missionary on record from the london conference and branch records as identified in appendix I1 and appendix IX obviously many baptisingbaptizingbaptising missionaries are not credited in the records 82

CHART IXI1 X LONDON BRANCHES leadershipLEADERSHI1 P

the london conference was officially organized 20 feb 1841 with 11 members by 1 april 8491849I1 the london conference included 33 branches many of these branches were presided over by members who had been converted during the years 1840451840 45 most had been baptized dismissed disfellowshipdisfellowshippedped convertedrereconverted and baptizedrerebaptizerrebaptized by the time they assumed full leadership in the branches and missions they were stalwartsstalwarts building from an environment of nonconformity into full authority date I1 name of branch I1 age occupation name of date odatejdateI1 date ofbaoombaoof baibat president I1 atattaoatbaobadbap I1 ibranchjbranch lacotlaootiappt lof emiarationEmiemiqrationemigrationaration 1841 ialbionhalbionalbion james I1 iministerm inister and I1 london west 118431843 1 no record I1 I1 icarpentercarpenterscarpenter 15kinnerjskinnergskinner15jSkinner street 11844844 1 woolwichlwoolwich 11844844 1 1 herts 11845845 1 1842 I1 bensonwi11merbenson willmerlwillmertwiliWill merl shopkeeperishopkeeper theobaldsitheobalds Combicombinednedl 8441844 118451845 1842 iblairhblairB lair david 1 35 isoldiersoldier windsoriwindsor 11851851 118561856 1841 booth john 1 53 clockmakericlockmaker ilondonblondonlondon 11847847 118491849 1 1 woolwichlwoolwich 11848848 1 1842 iboothroothbooth william 1 51 clockmakericlockmaker lcamdencamden branch 11849849 earlyreturnedjearlyreturnedEarlyjEarly returned 1845 1 brooks james 1 19 icarpentercarpenterscarpenter 15tokestoke newington 118501850 11856856 1844 caffell richard 1 24 1 lwatfordjwatfordlWatfordwatford 118511851 118551855 1844 I1 caffell thomas 1 25 1 1 ricksmansworthRicksmansworth 118481848 1 in utah 1844 I1 clifton robert 1 38 ivictularIvicvictularvictulartulan I1 118501850 118561856 1843 I1 crump henry 1 45 jejewellerjewellen1jewellerwellerweiler theobaldsitheobalds rd 118441844 118471847 1844 I1 freeman james 1 23 11laborer I1 somers town 118491849 1 1840 griffiths john 1 30 1 boibolboilermakerI1 ermakerarmaker woolwichlwoolwich 118411841 118561856 1 1 1 1 deptfordDeptdepthfordford 118501850 1 1840 10rimsdaleorimsdalegrimsdale wm clC 28 1 ivory turner 10oswell10oswell 118571857 jabtjabaabt18631863 1841 hodgertihodgert robert 1 19 lengjengengineerjengineerineer istudhamstudham 118481848 118521852 ret as miss 1844 ijarvisdarvisdanvisjarvis samuel 1 35 1 pearl ornament I1 118491849 118561856 1 1 1 maker ideveridoverdoverdoven 118491849 1 1842 lJljohnsonajohnsonohnsonjohnson benj 1 27 1 rule mebsmewmemmeas maker I1 EdesboroeddesboroEd borobono 118491849 1 no record 1843 1 lesseylewsey wm I1 shopkeeperishopkeeper I1 london east 118431843 1 permission 1844 1842 imajorjmajormajorwmwwm W I1 portrait1portrait painter I1 maryleboneMarylebone 118421842 jabtjabaabt1844Abt 1844 1 1 1 1 london west 118431843 1 returndreturns as Ppresresnes 1842 imanselimanuelmanselmansei henry 1 40 1 ikensalikensaakensal new town 118501850 118681868 1841 margetts ow 1 16 1 engineer lwoburncoburnwoburn oreen 118501850 118601860 1841 margetts hashosthosT 1 21 1 waterfordlwaterford 118481848 118511851 ret as miss 1843 imillsemillsmills william 1 34 iblacksmithblacksmith I1 kensal new town 118491849 laboutabout 1873 1845 lowenowen david 1 69 1 1 st johns 118561856 1 no record 1845 lowenowenwmOwen wm D 1 30 isailorisaidorsailor lWoodwoodfordswoodforkslwoodfordsWoodfordsfonds 118511851 118681868 I1 I1 iwatchawatchwatch finisher halbionjalbionalbion place 118511851 1 1841 painterpaintenWapainterpainteninter aaron I1 boilermaker woolwich 118431843 1 familyfam i 1yay emigratedem igratedmigrated 1845 jPridaynidayfridayjpriday samuel 1 24 1 stone cutter vauxhallwestmjvauxhallwestm 118511851 118631863 1 1 1 kenningtonikennington 118501850 1 1844 isavagegisavagesavage henry 1 34 1 silksiiksliksi I1 k weaver I1 london branch 118471847 118531853 1 1 1 iwhitelWhitewhitechapellwhitechapelchapel 118501850 1 1842 13horten13hortenshorten david 1 27 chemistlaborerichemistlaborerchemist laborer tabernacletabernac1eitabernacle walk 118501850 afterlafter 1856 1 1 1 11llslinotons1sa i natonnoton 185611856 1 SOURCE manuscript history of the units of the church london conference records of the british mission volume 1 CHAPTER V

RLONG THE MORMON trailTRRILTRR I1 L FROM LONDON TO ZIONZ I1 ON

it is not unreasonable to claim that the two most famous journeys along the mormon trail from liverpool to the valley of the great salt lake had their beginnings in london england from in the tiny theobalds road branch founded by wilford woodruff and lorenzo snow in 1841 see appendix III111 page 137 and appendix V page 147 the first trek in 1853 included the lyrical and romantic journey of the millercooleymiller cooley wagon train sketched lovingly by londoner frederick piercy the second in 1856 ended with the horrifyinghorrifyingil illliiil starred williewiliie and martin handcart companies in restinglyterestinglyte wallace stegner choose these two trips as extreme examples of mormon crossings in his book the gathering of zlol7zeon alluding only brieflybri ef ly to the effecteffectact one may have had on the other I11 one can imagine the excitement that convert frederick piercy carried back to london in 1854 after his trip to the greater salt lake valley his sketches to be engraved in steel and wood were deliberately created as a visual lure for thousands of english saints eager to make the journey to the valley they longed to enter to greet leaders they briefly remembered piercy now twenty four would be little older than many of the thousands of returning missionaries involved in the mormon effort in the past one

wallace stegner the gathering08theril7q of zionzeon tethetye story of the norfl7o711 or m on trailtr8iltraij london mcgraw hillhili company 1964 chapter 7 artist in transit p 213 & chapter 8 ordeal by handcart p 222211 84 hundred and fifty years his missionary like enthusiamenthuslamenthusenthusiasmlamiam for the trip would have washed over the members of the tiny holborn theobalds road branch and reached out to the members of the london conference in 1855 his book was ready for publication and the local saints could read of a trip without dissension or need for discipline with trail leaders who were both agreeable and competent piercy thoroughly enjoyed his adventure and handily adapted himself to camp routines learning to gee and haw an ox team pitch a tent and adjust to a frontier routine 2 reading his report seeing his pictures listening as he explained and recreated each new adventure the london converts could visualize an easy journey As 5tegnerstegner pointed out in piercys pictures the road looked softer than it was with no dirt disorder dust mud or ruffianly population 3 in the year 18561656 one year after the publication of frederick piercys book the largest group of early london converts excitedly left liverpool to emigrate to america and begin their trek west appendix VI page 142 there were several leaders from the wilford woodruff and lorenzo snow 1841 mission who were finally going to zion they were the stalwartsstal warts who had kept the london conference alive during rocky years as eager members had earlier left to join the saints in nauvoo and the great saitsalt lake valley among familiar names were theophilus william cope benjamin J and margaret beer william and eliza crump binder david and deborah blair robert C mary matilda and rebecca clifton john griffiths and four child- ren samuel eliza and amelia jarvis and many more converts from the

frederickTrederick peircy rooteroutevoute from L tverfyerpooliverpoolfyertyerpoo to5alttobaltto saitsalt tafetakelake city fawn M brodybrod ed cambridge harvard university press 1962 frederick peircy reported all these adventures in the written text which accompanied his sketches

3stegnersstegnerpp 2182 18 85 london conference most of the men cited had served as president of one or more of the london branches see chart IX page 5282 all had served in lead- ership roles the saints back home in london waited anxiously to learn if this trip too would be one without dirt disorder dust mud or ruffianly population when the news filtered back they learned that their friends who had left with such great expectations ended their trip stumbling along the mormon trail pushing fragile handcartshandcarts the rest of the news was worse theophilus william cope robert clifton john griffiths and his two small sons 4 and samuel jervis jarvis had all frozen to death in a disastrous november 18561556 snowstorm before they could be rescued see appendix V in 18571557 there was grief in the london boroughs the biggest surprise of this study was to learn how many of the 1840 45 london converts eventually emigrated to america and especially to the salt lake valley to join the main body of the saints total numbers for london mormon emigrants were identified as follows first the london con- ferencef and london branch records see appendix VIIIVI I1 I1 and appendix IX were carefully checked for names baptismal dates and ages at time of conver- sion they were also studied for an indication of emigration from the london branches second U 5 immigration passenger lists were checked to learn if any london members were part of documented losLDS groups to migrate to america between 15401840 and 1849 before the mormon church itself began

4asaasAs a further connection between the two trips john griffiths as president of woolwich branch and a boilermaker baptized woolwich boilermaker thomas biggs and syrena piercy biggs brother in law and sister of frederick piercy piercy stayed with the biggs who emigrated earlier to provo utah territory 3riffithsbiggsoriffithsbiggs information is found in woolwich branch membership records F 087039 john griffiths was traveling with the willie company accompanied by wife elizabeth and four children the four children were the children of his first wife margaret john griffiths married elizabeth in january 1856 elizabeth and his two daughters finished the trek to zion where they were eventually separated 86 to keep a careful record of convert emigration the shipping lists from liverpool are particularly interesting as they identify occupation of passengers however only the country of origin is included making it diffi- cult to determine just which converts came from london itself many eng- lish names were repeated again and again also making it difficult to iden tifytiby specific individuals the third step in identifying converts to america from the 18404515404515401840 45 period was to use the index to the nauvoo project 5 which is the best source at present for identifying illinois residents between the years 184018501540155015401840 18501550 indexes to federal and state census records from the iowa territory missouri and illinois also gave resident possibilities these are generally included in the nauvoo restoration sources A fourth step was to check the family group archive sheets in the family history library to de- termine descendant activity and record information see appendix vilVIIVI 1 page 152 finally as a fifth step census records for 18501550 15601860 and 15701870 for the utah territory were checked for familiar names and occupations some converts from london who were listed as emigrating were not found in the los archives or in a census for the western states or terri- tories they probably stayed in the east and did not affiliateaff i I1 tate with the utah ldald5 church dr william copeland the london friend of woodruff and snow who joined the church on 12 january 1841 emigrated on 30 march 15411841

srecordsrecords were carefully acquired and indexed by the group responsible for the restoration of the 150 year old city of nauvoo a colonial williamsburg type project during the 1970s the indexing result is available on micromicrofichefichein the family history library an attempt was made to locate all residents of nauvoo and environs from 1830601830 60 in addition other records were acquired in restoring the homes and businesses 87 according to a letter from lorenzo to his sister eliza 6 copeland probably can be included with of those who stayed in the east finally in reading london membership records and journal reports it was learned that some londonersLondoners emigrated to nauvoo briefly and then returned to london to live out their lives two such examples were benjamin morgan snows london host and william booth 7 it was shortly after the first baptisms in 1840 that new and enthusiastic members began to emigrate to zion it is impossible to review each convert trip to zion but it might be appropriate to follow london member robert hodgettshodgertsHodgerts emigration diary which suggests a more typical journey than piercys romantic route or the handcart misfortunes even london converts were forced to begin their sea trip at liverpool which was the port through which most passengers left to emigrate to america or to other parts of the british commonwealth robert hodgert began his account on 10 january 1852 as he was leaving liverpool on board the ship kennebec he reported

the day was clear the wind was fair and everything allaliail around appeared delightful we partook of a good supper and immediately began to be seasick and during the night the wind changed and sea became rough and mostly all of the passengerswerepassengers werewene sick here we were tossed about for three days and nights the third night being the worst and the wind seemed to blow its strongest the main the fore royal and top gallant masts broke down the ship heaving violently the water washing over the deck and coming down into the steerage the tin ware and boxes rattling and tumbling about causing great consternation I1 lay across the front of our bed to keep my wife

lorenzoOLorenzo snow journal sodandsop LetteretterbooklettenletterbookLetter dooedookbook 184 8451845 Letterletterfetterfetten to fliznqE lisailza hdcmsfHDC M sf 89 LDS church archives

athis7this information comes from wilford woodruffwoodruffss 1845 journal london branch records also show the two men in attendance later in the century 88

and children from tumbling out as the ship rocked and sick as I1 was I1 could not keep from laughing occasionally most of the night to see and hear the tin wear boxes and bottles rattling firstf i rst iinn one placep I1 ace and then ini n another and my wifew i fe saysaying1 ng now and then to me that it was a shame for me to laugh so from this time the ship gradually began to sail much calmer till at the end of two weeks we arrived a dead calm for three or four days and had beautiful weather 8a earliest london converts were directed to new orleans at first the closest port to nauvoo one london diarist jean rio griffiths baker was quickly at home in new orleans remarking happily when she spied the mississippi river that it was indeed almost as wide as the river thames at blackballblackwallBlackwall 9g she loved the new world city and wrote in her journal

21 march 185111851.1185155 1 1 had a good drive thru the principal streets of new orleans which are very wide and handsome visited the markets they are just like convent garden the houses are from three to six stories some of them as noble in appearance as any in regent street I1 was shown the house in which jennie lind lived during her late visit but it is more like a palace than a hotel the custom house churches and theatrestheartresTheatres are splendid buildings the roads themselves are not kept in order as they are in london 10 her cunning london trained eye soon added another important observation

there is no nobility in america though never was there a people fonder of titles colonels majors captains judges and squires being as p1ent1fu1sb13ckb&rriesplentiful as blackberries 11

13lourn8ljournal of robert hodgert fidereiderelderfaderf1der of the church of jesus christ of Zlatterfattertatter daadayoay saints journal reproduced by the descendants of robert hodgert copy on file in the salt lake family history library p 24

ejeangjeanean rio griffiths baker pearce diary reel 9 tlormonthormonmorm&7 diaries in the ZL ibraryibr8rylibrary of Oonaoncongressgress 110llo1 10

loi101olbiaolbid101bidOl bid 9 19

I1 I1 ibid 9110glio9 1 10 89

church authorities realized that some type of official organization was absolutely necessary for the new emigrant members in both new orleans and st louis so they organized wards and branches claude clive and william birch from london served as branch leaders for several years before they and their families emigrated further west tivecivedivecliveolive presided in new orleans and birch in 5tat louis hodgert was eagar to meet with his old london companions in 5tat louis he reported

mavmay 1852 we delivered our notes of standing and were re- ceived into the the first ward branch the saints here are di- vided into six branches bounded according to the municipal wards of the city with a president over each branch or ward and these branches with a few other adjacent constitutes the st louis conference over which william gibson at present presides 12 many of the london emigrants stopped in st louis some for long periods of time some permanently st louis was definitely not a healthy place in which to live and the authorities encouraged the converts to move on to council bluffs and later to the salt lake valley st louis was a disaster for clockmaker john booth of ironmonger row and elizabeth booth andaind their family john who managed to raise his children to adulthood in the dangerous and sickly london atmosphere lost his wife elizabeth and three adult clockmaker sons richard elijah and henry to typhoid in july of 1849 13 john who had served as clerk of the london conference and pre- sident of the woolwich branch along with a few remaining members of his family migrated to utah he lived his life out in salt lake city nathaniel jenkins watched helplessly as his wife sarah holt jenkins died in st

12hodgert12hodgert p 27

13thisthis information comes from a patron family group sheet submitted by descendantdescendent family members in the salt lake family history library 90 louis of cholera though nathaniel eventually emigrated to utah with daughter caroline other family members refused to leave 14 st louis was also a disaster for mary anne taylor merrett her bridegroom husband john thomas merrett succumbed after a short illness her grief was barely con- tained when she that her learned younger brother john phillipphi nidriphip tasiortayiortaylor was crushed to death under a wagon crossing the plainsplaihsplaids 15 hodgert made hurried plans to leave the city but still had a few errands to complete he wrote

8 nov 18521552 st louis I1 went to the court house and appeared before the clerk of common pleas and declared my intention to become a citizen of the united states of america by taking the necessary oaths and received my first papers clerks fee was 50 cents elder and a large number of elders ar- rived here from utah on missions to various portions of the earth brother pratt read the revelation on celestial marriagemarriage1616 in the public assembly and preached the plurality of wives which had a good effect in settling the long agitated question 17 even in 1852 church authorities were anxious for members to become citizens of the united states of america and by this time they were also extremely worried about the health situation in st louis and on the mississippi river with some reluctance it was recommended that later members emigrate through the healthier eastern ports although this posed a problem of a different sort some members landing in the east stopped to

leliellei lo10 H bassett comp heinoNeinomeinoneinoirsflemoirsflefyeeyemoirsirs andsnosoo oelwlaqic8l08t8genealogical datapata on thefhe family of nwh8niellenkinsnathaniel jenkins privately printed aug 1973

15marymanymary taylor merrett family group sheet and history documentation copy in possession of writer

16not1 ot too many of the london converts of 1840451840- 45 were involved in polygamy however david candland and samuel smith both of whom emigrated during the nauvoo period had many wives according to family group records submitted to the salt lake family history library

17hodgert17hodgert p 28 91 earn money for their trek west and a few converts such as londonersLondoners williamwliilamwinwih iam and ellzaelizaeilza gipp fowler who paused in new jersey became disaffected and made the stop permanent descendants of the fowlers can still be located in this new jersey 18 the george jarvis family stopped in boston to raise travel funds and found the effort almost cost them their lives through loss of health and duplicity of unsavory citizens fortunately eldereidereilder george Q cannon found them and insisted they move west at once 199 in may 18541554 the robert hodgert family left st louis to travel directlydiroatlyoctly through florence nebraskanebranebroska to the saitsalt lake valley he recorded

4 may thurthursday we left st louis and arrived at the campground about five miles from st louis this was the firstf drive forfonfor me I11 Jjuizjuly arrived at the big blue river and met a band of pawnee indians about 70 in number rested on the and2nd sunday and on monday the third ferried over the river cost of each wagon was 1201201.20 2 august mrs hodgert met with an accident in stepping out of the wagon on the soft side while we were traveling she was run over and the hind wheel passed over her hip no bones were broken but she was confined to the wagon several days she felt the effects of it for some time 20 mrs hodgert was just one example of the remarkable british emigrant women it is hard to say however that the london women were different from other pioneer english or american ladies wallace stegner commented concerning pioneer mormon women their women were incredible 21

isflarieiumariedumarieiSflarie hayes that otbersili7btothers flight know history of the watkins felnflvfamilyfamely typed copy on film FHL

19 anne prior jarvis A short sketch reel 126 n81nename index to normannormon diaries in the LL ibraryibr8rylibrary of Ooncunouncongressgress

20hodgert20Hodgert p 303130 3 1

21 stegner thetye 08tbergatheringing of zion the story of the hormonmormon 7w7londontrailtr8il london mcgraw hilihill company 1964 p 13 92

london women converts however reflected their men in independent attitudes individuality and ambition As with the other pioneer women they had extraordinary courage and enormous energy often surpassing that of their husbands and sons occasionally the london city man would be a dupe for the canny frontiersman who would sell him unuseableunuseable oxen wagons and supplies for his westward journey the female london convert was a bit more streetwise aarah5arah 5avagebavage gave birth to a daughter rachel a short distance from the saitsalt lake valley at the end of her journey across the plains one good sister from the saitsalt lake city learning she was sick with a young baby brought her a hen to make some soup the fowl was tied up at the wagon wheel but when the children went to get it for the pot they found an egg also sarah excitedly ordered the family not to kill the hen if she laid one egg she will lay more we will get a start of chickens 22 it must be considered that the courage of the women in coming to america was not only an attitude of faith but a sober realization that london itself was a dangerous and fetid city with few opportunities in which to raise their babies often their quiet courage was not acknowlegedacknowledged while their husbands received accolades and honors As one case in point though three of the six london conference branch presidents died traveling with the martin handcart company of 1856 at least one president owed his life to the bravery and fortitude of his wife

former lambeth branch president william L 5 binder was among those whose feet were frozen during the horrendous late november snow storm his tent companion had earlier in the day spotted a stray ox and he determined to capture and kill the animal because the whole train was

henny22henryhenry savage memoirs reel 612296 1229 goldeguide to morlnonoi8riestlormonthormon diaries in thefhefye LL ibraryibr8rylibrary of Oonaunconcongressgrassgress 93 starving he decided to go after it at night when it was sleeping but did not dare go alone eliza binder offered to take her lame husbands place caddadclad only in a thin gown in freezing weather she accompanied two men into the dark snowy night at one point she gave up completely and went into the deep sleep that precedes a freezing death the men tied her to a handcart for shelter she recovered in time to help them kill the oxen by hand and cut it up for meat only the warmth of the blood of the dead animal kept the three alive later one of her two companions went into the same death sleep and she helped the other man drag the meat and their fellow worker back to the handcart train before morning the broth from the meat saved her husbands life 23 william L 5 binder is often featured in stories of prominent pioneers but eliza binder is only a name 24 the trek was a whole new experience for a city dweller and the sophisticated londoner was at a great disadvantage what with camping indians ferry boats and wagon wheels over the hip however death was not a new experience most were familiar with the death of a child in their london homes many of the travelers also lost a child or two on the trek from london to the great salt lake valley including the savages the hodgettshodgertsHodgerts the jarvis family the smiths the merretts jean rio baker the soultersPoulpoultersters and the watkins robert hodgert and his family completed their journey and by fol- lowing in the tradition of the faithful A journal entry explained

23katekate B carter compiler heartheyrt throbs of thetae west salt lake city daughters of utah pioneers 1945 637257663723766372 576376

24andrew24andrew jenson l0la10LDS17 biographical encyclopedia vol 1411 41 640 94

5 nov 18541554 lehi utah territerritory I1 was baptisedbaptizedbapti sed according to the rule established by the first presidency on the entrance of the saints into the valley 25 in the spring of 18551555 robert hodgert selected his homesite in what is now the heart of provo city just one block north of the court house since everyone had to make his own adobe bricks to build a house robert began to make his at the old adobe yard and put them in the sun to dry he eventually built a large and comfortable home in 1862 he was called to serve on a mission to england where he visited family and friends who were still active and participating in branches of the london conference including his sister agnes whom he managed to persuade to emigrate london must have been a disappointment to the new frontiersman robert was a missionary in a city whose social composition and environment was clearly changing from 1850 onward as public transpor- tation became available wealthier workers including the clerk and the artisan began to move from the center members began to disappear into the most distant suburbs or they joined their fellow converts in america in 1866 only nine small branches remained 26 PAM Taylortaylor2727 and ronald waikerWalkerwalker2swalker2828 have both suggested that the occupational roles of the british em- igrants which could be judged roughly as middle class in the 1540s1840s stead

hodgertzhodgert p 33 the early tradition of rebaptism has made difficulties in determining who were actually baptized between 1840451840461840 4546 see footnote explanation p 1

26jJ ewiewingng ritchie the religious LL ife of Landunandonondonlondon london nsleyansleytinsleyT i rothersbrothersB 18 catherine street strand 18701870. p 343 LDS archivesArchiYesves

27pam27PAM taylor expectations westward thetaetye riormonscormonsnormons sndand the emigration of their british Canycunyconvertserts in thetaie nineteenth century edinburgh oliver and boyd 1965 p 1501511501 so 15115 1

2bronaldronald walker cradling mormonism dhudybBYU studies 27winter27 winterwinten 1987 129 95 ily declined until by the ibgos the middle class was less than ten percent of the total convert population london mormon conversion reflected this decline by the 1570s1870s london was a deserted city of the poor with neighborhoods locked together for safety and sustaisustainencenence A contemporary writer on the subject of cormonsmormons in london painted a drab and undesirable picture presenting the status of the later mormon converts as somewhat less distinguished he claimed

the principal place of worship of the cormonsmormons or latter day saints is in the commercial road but there are others one of them is in george street gower street in that locality there is a very shabby dancing saloon from which the graces seem long since to have departed at three oclock every sunday afternoon the cormonsmormons assemble there on a raised platform may be seen seated some seven or eight men apparently decent workmen all seem enthusiastic and very friendly and wretchedly pooryoupoopoorrYouyou might fancy as you enter you had made a mistake and got amongst the primitive methodists 29

sadly the return trip across the plains to utah was more difdifficultf icultscult for robert hodgert than his original journey and though he finally made it back to provo he never fully recovered from the trauma of this effort he died a few months later at age forty two

ritchie thezae religious LL ife of london p 345 CHAPTER VIV I1 LONDONERS IN THEIR UTAH communities

the social life of any community is epitomized by the ways in which the members meet at one level it can be quite informal often on the street corner or in the farmyard itself at another level particularly in a city as sophisticated as london members would meet through institutions occupations and avocations are an important factors in understanding multifacetedmulti faceted londonersLondoners and the eventual influence they had on the resi- dents of the utah territory london inhabitants were brought together by specific interests associations of musicians actors painters trade unions social clubs sports or persons with the same religious preference were often the basis of influence about which an individual life would revolve As the missionaries moved into london the church itself took on an importance to members within the neighborhood and the success rate grew As noted in

chapter I1 the fact that woodruff and the other missionaries were able to make rather impressive contacts in 18404118 40 41 immediately set the standards for the missionary efforts that followed eventually the church became one part of the neighborhood avocation it became a singular institution that set an individual apart from his occu- pationalpat ional identity As members migrated to zion this neighborhood avocation became primary particularly as the doctrinal values of the new religion 97 became the institutionalized lifestyleilfelife style of the majority of citizens instead of the determinant of an eccentric minority london cormonsmormons carried their faith to america those who had stayed with their new religion in london stayed with it in zion they continued to accept calls to colonize under trying conditions going from the most metropolitan of cities to build a home in the wilderness or the desert some willingly retraced their footsteps half way around the world to return to england as missionaries some who spent time as branch presidents in lon don became as they grew older respected elders and patriarchs in america among those chosen for such honored positions were william L 5 binder david candland samuel smith henry savage william lampard watkins samuel fridaypriday and george jarvis I1 appendix IV page 142 identifies 210 of the original 400 london members who emigrated to the america although they demonstrated strong loyalties to neighborhoods and to families these emigrants can best be de- scribed as individualistic this is indicated on chart IX page 113 in which 42 of 46 members are identified by a london occupation and by a utah occupation this chart shows that over 90 percent of the london convert emigrants with identifiable utah occupations pursued miliarsimiliarsimiliansi occupations to those in which they functioned in london these occupations cover a complete spectrum from unskilled to the professional level see chart I1 page 46 and table II11 page 5511 for most of the members whose iveslivesI1 were traced from london to america it was obvious they did not travel as a group or follow a london network although they did travel in family units most after coming west chose a separate residence and an individual lifestyle

1 family group records salt lake family history library 98

it was in their choice of final residence that distinguished most eastsoutheast south londondersLondonders from their fellow converts from the westnorthwestworth end for the most part thoseLon londonersdoners whose original residence was on the eastsoutheast south side of londonalondon2 chose to accept calls to colonize away from the more populated examples include boilermakers aaron painter II11 who migrated to idaho 3 and thomas biggs who helped colonize northern arizona 4 engineer james henefer stayed in eastern utah in tiny henefer to serve the needs as blacksmith and had the town named in his honor 5 adventurous sailor george jarvis moved his family to arid southern utah over wife annes strong objections 6 he helped to colonize st george introducing wine grapes to the utah dixie area at the end of his life he was

examples of eastsouth side boroughs are deptfordDeptdepthfordford and woowichwokowichWoowich suburban rather than urban localities supporting sea trades and the docks

baho31dahodaho genealogical society comp idaho territoryterritoryfederqlfederal population schedules and hornormarttortajityt8lity schedulesSclescam dales 8801880 idaho falls williams printing co 1976 p 694

4 W earl merrillmerrillcompcomp vf8maadlatfleediamond ebbileejubilee history of LlehiarizonalehlfehlLehievv4rzArizona mesa mesa tribune printers 19521962 p 33

annyaannyjJ richens and maxine R wright comp henefer obroarouroun valley home SLC utah printing co 1959 p 1

6 anne prior jarvis sketch reel 12 619 hormannormanmarman vizvicDizdiariesriesrims intootov the Ltharplibrary of Oonauncuncongressgress anne stated

at the october conference 1861 brigham called for volunteers to dixie my husband was one of the volunteers he had no wagon and he had always said he would never travel again without a team I1 felt grieved I1 had suffered on the plains to come to headquarters we were doing well and I1 thought we would have to go through poverypoyerypomery and privations for which we would get no credit we would bring them upon ourselves brother brigham asked him if he would rather stay and helpheiphe p put the roof on the heaterheatentheaterT that winterwintenw i nten no sirsisinr I1 aouwouwouldid rather go 99 prominent and honored as a fruit grower 7 eleven of fourteen or 79 percent of the eastsoutheast south side london males who emigrated to the western mormon frontier communities continued a lifestyle of movement and adventure westnorthwestworth side londonersLondoners such as john booth and claude divecliveolive settled in urban salt lake city the largest community in the utah territory and continued working at their london trades of clocksmith and tailor 68 james staples on arriving in salt lake city was immediately encouraged to continue functioning in his london occupation as a master mason it is interesting to review his carefully preserved n3nanasonssolassol7s time fookbook 913 recorded religiously by staples after brigham young hired him to work on the young homes and other important buildings such as the temple and tabernacle in salt lake city see illustration III111 page 1141 14 the staples ledger gives an insight into the training of the london artisan he carefully recorded weekly job assignments indicating time spent and location along with wages received apprentice names were included as were specific contract agreements the staples book is particularly important to the mor mon historian as it can be used to determine the order in which important structures were built in the salt lake valley basically 30 of 32 or 94 per- cent of the westnorthwestworth side london males identified as emigrants to the utah territory seemed to be more attracted to the larger more populated

margaret J oveson comp amoamuamugegeorgege jar18rvisvisvig biaggiag7r8pnedlbiographical sketch mesaM ese arizona published by oveson 1957 p 39 in 1915 the united states department of acgriculture bureau of plant industry paid tribute to george jarvis in connection with data they acquired which showed he originated the jarvis and rio virgin grapes a USA horticultural success story

aj9j8j R kearl clayne L pope and larry wimmer index to 16501850 1860 1870 census of utah11t8h baltimore genealogical publishing co 19819811 alphabetical index

ajames9james staples Returnreturninginq saturday n8sonsrfasonsmasonsreasons time boofbaakbookgook baftjaftadsaasS staples original in historical department church of jesus christ of latter day saints CR 57 bxax 9 fd I11 1 100 communities and made their final choice of residence along the northern wasatch front in contrast to their london eastsoutheast south fellow emigrants londonersLondoners influenced society wherever they settled As an example the period 1832511832 51 saw an unprecedented number of people involved in a variety of movements of social protest throughout the western world it is significant that several of the convert emigrants were from boroughs in greater london where large british operativecooperativeco societies had developed into strongholdsstrongholds of independent labor 10 emigrant william watkins the leather goods merchant his wife hannah and school teacher son william lampard watkins went north to settle in brigham city in company with former london mission president lorenzo snow and fellow convert samuel smithsmtthamith5mith young wellweliweil educated william lampard was immediately appointed executive secretary to a new brigham city cooperative founded by snow and smtthsmith this cocoopop was the most successful of all the united orders in utah it weathered financial storms in the 1560s1860s then went on to form a woolen millmili tannery hat factory lumber mill and dairy plus it had agricultural and carpenters departments 11 it also managed to survive the disastrous utah territory panic of 1573187515751873 the reputation of the brigham city cooperative was so impressive that the results spread back to london where they were applauded by many of the social reformers of that country 12 watkins was

pupeter thompson socialistsoci8listsocialists Liberaliber8ltibetebeliberajsLiberaJsnais and labour london routledge and co ltd 1967 p 250

111 tbhtahB H roberts ed A comprehensive historyhistoryofiheof thetaetav church of lesusjesus ohrcaroarchristist of latteriatterfatten ivyday saints SMSLC deseret news press 1930 appp 216218216 218

themes B alienallenailen and blenbienglen M leonard the story of the latterfattertattenle7fter day saints SMSLC deseret book press 1984 p 360 101 invited to serve a mission to london in the 1570s1870s but was called back after six months to continue his leadership of the coopco op see lustrationillustrationI1 I1 III111 13 perhaps most interesting is the influence of several artists who emigrated from the london conference their lives and influence in utah may be the legacy of the london friendship between wilford woodruff and susannah sangiovanni which provided the church with an entrance into the london dramatic and artistic community convert william poulter whose london occupation is identified as a french polisher became seriously involved with the music and theater scene in saitsalt lake city and ogden 14 poulter was a member of the committee which induced brigham young to build and support the aalt5alt5a1t lake theater 15 his life reflected the london culture as he was identified as a member of the mechanics dramatic association as were fellow emigrants david candland phihipmargettsphillip margetts and william L 5 binder london and saitsalt lake tailor claude clive supported his friends in their theatrical efforts his company was under contract to make all the costumes used in the aalt5alt5a1t lake theatre he helped design and fit the costumes for the actors 16 the masonry work on the aalt5alt5a1t lake theater was supervised by their old friend james staples5taples5tap1es the london thespians quickly put awl maker william morris to work after he finally arrived in the valley in 15661866 the increasing popularity of

william lamlampardpardpand watkinswatkwalk ins autobiography filmed copy of typed manuscript LDS church archives

tfranklfrankafrank14frank esshom pioneers sndandvod prominentpromil7ent henchenntenmen of 08utahufah SLC utah loneerpioneerP book publishing co 1913 p illiiiii1111I1 111

151bid151bidibid p lillliki1111I1 ill111

16 henefer our valjeyvaldeyvehephey home p 2828 102 the mechanics dramatic association and consequent increasing box office receipts made it possible for them to replace the calico curtains with painted scenery the new scenery wings and back drop plus the front curtain were painted by william Morrismorris1717 in whose home one of the first london conference priesthood meetings was held on 15 june 1842 1618 the most prominent of all the actors was london convert phillip margetts an engineer or blacksmith by trade who was identified in his obituary I11 september 1914 as a famed actor and dean of western drama who died just 64 years to the day from the time he first entered the saitsalt lake valley 1 5epbep 18501550 1119 margetts introduced drama to utah in the old bowery situated on the southeastsouth east corner of the temple block many entries in his second london missionary diary refer to the splendid opportunities he enjoyed revisiting the theaters in london especially the drury theater the following journal entry reflects his fascination with the london theater

31 dec 18571557 londoneatlonolondonLondoneateat breakfast with 6brobno T bullock staid at his residence till afternoon we then walked to cewinjewin street office bro J A ross give me a half crown to injoyenjoy yselfyselamyselfm after talking with the ethernbrethernbretherdbr at the office I1 went to the princess theatre accompanied by brobnoB bullock I1 injoyedunjoyed myself very much witnessing the performance of richard the second richard mr C kean queen to richard mrs C kean the historical episode at the end of act third was truly grand and very natural after the trajedytragedy we was amused with a

kate carter ed obrozirourounozar pioneer heritage saitsalt lake city daughters of utah pioneers 1955 5216

1 B Llondon omconferenceference records aoiyoiyo f grbritishitisy bissnissmisstlissionglissionionfonfoo flan178neyanayan iaseroscruserosencaser ipiptaptt hismishistorytorytanytony of the units of the church cfths006crmh5006 latter day saint archives see also page 75 of this thesis

19andrew19andrew jenson latterfatterfatten dapdaymapmay saints8il7t biographical encyclopedia 4 vol SLC deseret news press 1901 1 41168 103

christmas pantomime harrquinHarrquin white cat w witch some most beautiful scenery was exibitedexhibited beyond scriptiondiscriptiondescriptiondi walked home with 6brobno T bullock to 15 little camden street on my road home many deep and serious reflections passed through my mind in regard to my dear wife & children in the valley god bless them 20

margetts brought Ototherootheuootbellobello h31771&tbamham ietjet and k114kingq leardearjeardean as well as richardrichand the third back with him to the great salt lake city he recited Otbellosotheuosotbellos address before the senate in honor of the fiftieth aniversaryanniversary of the opening of the salt lake theater and received a standing ovation 21 an association of interests was typical of london neighborhood entertainment though margetts was identified as the most active figure in theatrical life in salt lake city during in the ninteenthnineteenth century the theatre was important to london emigrants throughout the utah territory even william lampard watkins worked with theater groups in brigham city his son reported that until his death william would cue players for all new dramatic productions 22 london convert women also participated in this activity caroline jenkinsjenkins who was baptisedbaptizedbapti sed in london in 1844 possessed a beautiful soprano voice wherever she lived in zion she and her husband delighted audiences with their comic duets and character portrayals she

philiipphiilipIuphillipiuphillip margetts arnalufnalurnaljournalLla of flisflissionmis5ianmishianelisellsglissionsionshonshoo to london 1857 p 113 handwritten copy of original on file in the SLC family history library and BYU

21 lytterdqy&i17tlatterlattenfatten day saintsarot ajorgjorbiographicalolhic511 I-encyclopediaACYCIOpeofi& valvolyolyoi 1 41169

221nformationinformation from esseyessay by joseph watkins son of william lampard watkins copy in possession of writer 104 also participated in plays usually taking the comic character parts the london city music hallhalihail was transferred to the utah territory 23 mormon contact with the london artists had been almost immediate this early exposure resulted in the conversion of two respected and talented artists william warner major and frederick piercy they eventually tra- veled to nauvoo and along the mormon emigration trail into the saitsalt lake valley sketching and portraying this fascinating bit of american history most descendants of the are unaware of the influence that these two artists had in depicting early mormon life and scenery few mor mon histories are published without prints of one or two pictures drawn by these men william warner major left london first arriving in nauvoo just after the prophet joseph smith was killed he was basically a portrait painter 24 his best known painting that of brigham young with his wife mary anne angel and their five children was begun in winter quarters the original of this picture is still owned by the losLDS church it is currently featured in the saltsaitaalt5alt lake family history library major remained a stalwart in the church hefieflehie eventually returned to london as a missionary where he was appointed london conference president shortly after receiving this assignment he became ill crossing the thames river he suffered in the severe cold and never regained his health major died in london on 2 october 185418542525

23louise23loinse23Louise lyman nielson and doris D flack compcorncormcomm p thetae 0dutsonatsoytso family history carolcaroicarolinei ne jenkins dutson private printing 1957 p 80

eisieeisle24elsieelsie S heaton ed pioneers of utahufay art logan education printing service 196811968 pp1pa I1

25londoi7london conference records yolvoyoy 2 1854 manuscript history of the london conference of theeemeemee units of the church CR mh 5006 obituary tributes 11 oct 1855bywhkimba111855 by W H kimballkimbail 105

As reported in chapter V many of us understand the mormon trek better from frederick piercys firsthandfirst hand account and sketches than from any other source 26 his most famous drawing is the defacerdefaced and destroyed nauvoo temple with the moon stone he sketched members of the smith family including the prophets mother lucy mack smith he sketched carth- age jail council bluffs and winter quarters as well as the magnificent scenery along the trail west including chimney rock he created one of the earliest known sketches of the saitsalt lake valley many members of the church whose ancestors were part of the mormon trail story carry a mental picture of this story as first seen through the eyes of this talented london convert the diaries of the london mormon emigrants reveal great stress as city men and women attempted to dig ditches to build forts or to fight with guns in the utah nauvoo legion against some very primitive natives in their newfoundnew found homeland for many the utah landscape was more of a nightmare than a pretty picture their fight to adjust and survive occasionaloccasionallyly lasted into the twentieth century londonersLondoners at first accepted the challenge presented to all britishers273ritishers27 on their arrival in deseret 2628 they tried in earnest to grow a crop and become self sufficient generally farming did not work out and the london emigrant would turn to an

10frederickfrederick piercy roateroutevoute from Liveroliverpoolool to saitsalt fafelakefakelvke altycity fawn 11 brody ed cambridge harvard university press 1962

27pam27PAM taylor expectations westward the tlomons11fomons andadd the emigration of r theirtheini jelv britishgritisl converts in the nineteenth century edinburg oliver and boyd 1965 p 246 taylor states if the british in utah were to be pioneers they would have to change their occupation he also notes on the same page that britishersBritishers left urban conditions ranging from modest comfort to considerable hardship for the life of agriculture and related occupations in the arid west this statement reflects the traditional view of many mormon historians

28deseret28 deseret and zion were alternate titles for the utah territory 106 occupation for which he or she had some skirskinskill and training one emigrant nearly waited too long to return to her london occupation widow convert jean rio griffiths baker a dressmaker arrived in the utah territory in september 1851 her touching diary told a sad story of a mistake in judgment after her first splendid investment she recorded

saitsalt lake cicity1111.11 6 oct 1851 during the last week I1 have purchased a small house with an acre of garden attached to it there are only four rooms but we can manage for the winter the garden is in good cultivation and has growing a patch of indian corn also potatoes cabbages carrots parsnipsparsnips beets tomatoes watered by a little stream which runs thru the center and fronts the public square I1 have also bought a three year old heifer which supplies us with milk so that we are now comfortably fixed for the present 29

4 nov 1851 I1 have just returned from a journey of 40 miles to a place called ogden where I1 have purchased 20 acres of land I1 spent a week in the neighborhood and am pleased with the locality I1 am to have a small house built during the winter and in the spring the younger boys with myself will go there and commence farming 30

29 sedsep 156918691869. I1 have been 18 years this day an inhabitant of utah territory and I1 may say 1518 years of hard toitottoilI1 and almost continual disappointment my 20 acre farm turned out to be a mere salaratussaleratussalaratus patch killing the seed which was sown instead of producing a crop and I1 am now in ogden city living in a small 109logI1 og house and working at my trade as dress maker italics added 31

zjcopycopy of a typewritten copy of the diary of jean griffiths baker pearce from the time she left london 4 jan 18518511 to april 1877 copy completed on 16 dec 1936 by virginia M lee of the historical records surveysunvey WPA at ogden utah reel 9148 index to norlnon018riestlormonthormon diaries in tlethe L ormylonacy of 0017congressgreSSpressgness

ibl501301AReelibiareelIbibiddreelreel 915091.509 1 50

31 1 ibid reel 91519 1 5 107

aviamiamtadrilapril1 157718771877. I1 have but one wish unfulfilled and that is that I1 may live to see every one of my children and grandchildren faithful members of the kingdom of god 32

As observed in chapter II11 nearly six percent of the london males and eight percent of the london females with special skills were involved in the clothing business they carried these skills to zion the women efficiently transferred their knowlegeknowknowledgelege to their daughters their journals discuss the art of lace and needle work and the skills of weaving caroline jenkins brought her bonnet making skills from london her skilled fingers created straw hats and flowers from wheat gleaned from western fields braiding and splitting blocking even coloring for special effects 33 londonersLondoners were concerned about their dress and appearance even under the most trying conditions anne prior jarvis was delighted in the occasion when her three small daughters were able to wear matching blue frocks while they were still struggling on the trek to zion 34 sometimes their insistence on tasty apparel was carried a bit too far 35 sarah savage once a teenage ssilksiikstihsilkweaveri I1 kw eaverweaver f foror queen victoriaV i ctoriactori a wouldw ou I1 d not allowa I1 I1 ow her smallsmailsma I1 I1 daughter to attend her older sisters wedding when she could not prepare a proper or tasty dress for the little girl to wear 36 sometimes the men were worse henry savage tenderly cherished his eight year old london sunday suit

321bidibid reel 91559 1 55

canoline33caroline33 caroline geneva jenkins dutson p 82

34anneanne prior jarvis sketch reel 12 614

35thethe women converts always used the term tasty as we currently use the scriptiondiscriptiondescriptiondi good taste their concern for dress manners homes even food appropriately presented would be called tasty if it were well done

363ayagesavage memoirs reel 61294 maybe this is the suit he saved from the skunk 108 which he carefully brought across the plains to proudly wear in zion 37 convert charles west was invited to join the when he arrived in salt lake city at first he declined not having a proper suit to sing in then he realized he had been invited for his voice not his suit so the tabernacle choir gained a staunch and dedicated member 3638 the working class londoner gave himself dignity by exalting strength morality and craft skill and by stressing differences in dress speech and manner that might imply status his life in utah reflected the looming in- terest in education being preached by reformers in london he desired his children to stay in school to a later age than was possible in a busy poverty enhanced british society where each member must produce early for a family to function or even to live house painter benjamin james beer who struggled across the plains with a handcart in later life knew his sacrifice was complete when his son william francis beer was appointed assistant surgeon general of the state of utah 1896190418961904391896 1904190439tig313 once across the plains and settled on the frontier converts took the opportunity to edu- cate not only their children but also themselves william lampard watkins kept a notebook listing those who studied at his adult school classes 40

371bid37137 bid reel 12695

3ba0mr781journal of charles H J west p 7711 typed copy reproduced by the salt lake genealogical society 1964 his sister in law philis cooper was baptisedbaptibaptizedsedin london in 1843 when she was 12 philis and her husband john west did not emigrate to america although their descendantsdescendents were able to come

39frankfrank esshom pioneers 87dprolninel7tand prominent bentienneneteneteomen of utahufayutay salt lake city western epics inc 1966 p 746

4oessayessa aurillaofaurillaof watkins whipple daughter of william lampard watkins copy in possession of writer 109

in the london of the 1840s1940s respectability was primary during the nineteenth century respectability became the term which denoted moral worth 41 for people with no chance of owning property of their own in england respectability implied recognition and status in america repectabilityrespectability also included ownership to have the pride of property london convert journals are filledf i I1 led with stories of members working to acquire land and build homes then perhaps trading up for more and better land for a larger more comfortable lifesylelifelifestylesyle respectablityrespectability also meant participating in government perhaps becoming a judge as did samuel smtthsmith creating a new constitution or serving in the legislature as did david candland 42 most converts had a chance to participate in some sort of governing institution if only as an officer of the sunday school many of these avocations or institutions could be found in some form in the london experience but middling londonersLondoners were not always able to participate

chart IX page 113 results from following the london mormon converts of 1840451840 45 into the utah territory and identifying the final primary residence and occupation for 46 of the men from this chart it can be learned that most males persisted in their london occupations they did not need to change primary occupations as was predicted by PAM taylor 43 the chart also clearly separates the former eastsoutheast emigrants from the westnorthwestworthwest north residents and indicates that eastsoutheast south emigrants

41 hugh mcleod Cclassaass addandadaladof relireafreyfreligionghon in therhe L8teatelatefatedate victorian city london croon heimhelm limited 1974 p 13

42information42 information from the family group record archives FHL

43 taylor elpeexpeexpectationset8tions westward p 246 110 were more adventurous and willing to colonize away from the more populated saitsalt lake citywasatchCity Wasatch front in attempting to determine final occupation identification in the utah territory some care was expended basically since many of the emigrants were involved in several occupations throughout their lives both in london and on the utah frontier it was necessary to determine the most significant occupation identification which the london convert or his family revealed as primary during long stable periods of his life 44 the utah45 and contiguous state censuses were the primary sources for this information secondary sources were diaries community histories and family group sheets submitted by descendants london occupations and utah territory occupations were located for 42 of the 46 male emigrant converts of the 42 only 3 7 percent were identified primarily as farmers this meant that 39 of 42 or 93 percent remained in the same or equal46 parallel occupations to those with which they were identified in london As preciously mentioned the 46 male emigrants are further divided into two groups according to their initial residence as a convert in london in this division 32 former westnorthwestworthwest north london residents are identified as making their primary residence along the northern wasatch front 47 of

ibid p 246 PAM talortaylor notes the discontent of a tliijennfajmille1717i61 stalstarstan letter writer who stated in eight years he had been a lumberjack teamster farmer shepherd sawmill hand and timber inspector for the union pacific which change was typical of london convert occupations as wellweliweilwe I1

45jrJR kewkearl clayne L pope and larry wimmer inderindexandyy to tethe 1850 1860 sndsodandano 1870 census of utahufah baltimore genealogical publishing co 19819811

46please46please see appendix 11 page 135 for chart showing occupation status classification

471inn this breakdown a primary residence is selected instead of a finaifinal residence many of the london emigrants died at the home of adult children which was often not the place where they had lived and worked during the prime working times of their lives illliiiliIII111 these 32 29219 can be positively identified with a london occupation and a utah occupation only one of the 29 5434343.4 percent lists farmer as his occu- pation in the utah territory census 4648 this means that 28 out of 29 former westnorthwestworthwest north london mormon residents or 97 percent stayed with the same or equal49 occupation which they had pursued in london for the former eastsouth side londoner who generally chose to colonize away from the northern wasatch front farming was only slightly more acceptable it was possible to identify 14 eastsoutheast south londonersLondoners in their utah or western homes of the 14 12 could be identified with a london occupation and a utah occupation only two of the 12 or 17 percent were positively identified as having chosen farming as their primary occu- pation 50 ten of the 12 or 83 percent identified themselves in non farming occupations paralleling those pursued in london this is quite a different conclusion from the traditional one which suggests that urban britishersBritishers ended their lives behind a plow 51 rather it substantiates the conclusion of ronald walker that

refreflectingI1 ectingacting their nativity britishersBritishers typically avoided agricultural pioneering and instead settled in salt lake city and

48william48william watkins the trunkmanshopkeepertrunkmandunkman shopkeeper from Islington identified himself in the 1860 utah territory census as a farmer because of his age he was probably a retired farmer too old to begin a new career

4195eesee appendix 11I1 I1 pappage 135

lohenrysohenry5ohenry savage the bethealbethnal oreengreen silksilkweaverweaver became a farmer and fruit grower in payson his diary indicates he was not totally successful george jarvis is listed as a farmer and fruit grower in st george his farm was not totally successful either however he was honored for his inovativeinnovative grape crops ceorgeoeorge jarvis was probably raised on a farm in england before migrating to london to pursue a sailing career possibly the most successful rancher was george blackett who was identified in the 1870 utah census as an adobe maker descendant family group records and histories stress his cattle ranch ownership

551saviortaylor &pect6tian5lixpectations westward p 246 seesiebzieb footnote 27 in this chapter 112

in surrounding communities there they exerted a non- proportional influence on such activities as commerce and culturetheyculturecu I1 ture they implanted victorianism on both the current and rising utah generation 52

it is significant that most london mormon converts ended their lives as property ownersowners 5393 this information was determined primarily from the index117d&x to tlethefhetye 18165060705621662170185621662170 census of tlt3lutah which includes real and personal property listings 54 other property information comes from family histories and journals which indicate if a will was left by the convert that provided for distribution of property among descendant family members 55 nathaniel jenkins the former chimney sweep is an excellent example of a convert who acquired substantial property it is interesting to learn that jenkins who learned to read in london by studying neighborhood tombstones managed to acquire building lots farmland houses and other properties in both the utah territory and st louis missiourimisssouriMisssouri 56

ronald1zronald walker cradling mormonism the rise of the gospel in early victorian england BYU studies 27 winter 1987 134

531nin london this privilege was only available by law to members of nobility or to the rrulingu I1 i ng classes

scearlskearlSK54 earlbaniKearl pope and wimmer index to the 185aj850 1860 sndand 1870 census of utahxammam

ssthissothis55this information is substantiated many in descendant family histories

nei56nelnel lo10 H bassett compcorncormcomm p nelnoirstiernoirstierno irsersens andsapsop genealogical dataostsosta on017 the family of n8tb817ie1je17ainsnathaniel jenkins privately printed aug 1973 113

CHART VIII occupation persistence AND CONVERT ESTATE

WESTMORTH END LONDON EHIORANTS name 5xaxlondonJM occuroccuo atwutwutahoccuoOCCUID I1iresidenccresi& 1 Ebtetestatebaete hlcbhwin dollars3 icmwscct3u william ballen iwatchawatchwatch maker iwatchawatchwatch repair ISLCSLC 130003000 118701870 benjamin beer painterpaintenipainter laborerilaborer ISLCSLC I1 none istedlistedI1 118701870 jamjomjohn booth clockmakericlockmaker clockmakericlockmaker ISLCSLC 1 300 118701870 william boolh2booths2 watchmaker watchmakeriwatchmaker ldavisdavis idd 1868 IFORAFORA david candland istudentstudent I1 hotel keeper ISLCSLC 120002000 118601860 clclaude clive hoileritailorhoilor tailontailor ISLCSLC 130003000 118701870 barrelbarrall covingtonGavcovington sr shoemakerishoemaker iretinetrbtretnet shoemaker ogdeniogdenbogden 1 400 118701870 barrelbarrellcovingtonjrrennelrennei covington jr shoemaker shoemakerishoemaker ogdenloguen idd 1905 FORAIFORA edward covington shoemaker I1 photographer I1 ogden 110001000 118701870 william dell iclalicoaljcoel carman laborerilaborer ISLCSLC idd 1907 IFORAFORA robert farforfarleyfonie ilaborerlaborer itannerstannertannertannen iweberdweberweberweben 1 300 118601860 william orimshleorimsdalegrimsdale I1 ivoryivonyvaryvanyvonyI1 tuner I1 ISLCSLC idd 1904 IFORAFORA robert hodgertt I1 engiengineer carpenter idrovoiprovoprovo I1 prproperlyty 118601860 nathaniel jenkins IchimichimnevchimneyneVney sweep I1 laborer ilehistlegistlleILehiStlehistLe louis 1 250 118701870 william warnerwarnar major I1 por patalerpapalerpataterparater portraitiportrait paint ISLCSLC 1 175 11860860 henryhennyry manmanaetl11 1 1 1 davisvisCodavisiodaviscoDa co I1 d1888d 15881888 IFORAFORA henryhennyry margetts istudentstudent blacksmithiblacksmith ISLCSLC 1 9009goagogoo 118701870 phillip margetts itratrtr engineer blacksmithiblacksmith I1 SLC 145004500 118701870 richard margetts itannerstannertannertannen iblacksmithjblacksmith ISLCSLC 114001400 118601860 william morris lawiallmakerawlmakerlawimakerawlmakermaken I1 painterpaintenpainterscenryslcscenryl sloSLC ipropertyproperty IFORAFORA william owen isailorisaidorsailor Imerimenmercantileimercentilemercanti1ecentile ISLCSLC I1 none istedlistedI1 118701870 thomas poulter I1 butlerstewardibutlerbutierbutlen stewardlstewarddstesanstewardl innkeeper ogden0gdeniogden property arnijrniijrnl william poulter ifrenchffrenchtrenchfrench polipolishersherlsheri plasterer ISLCSLC 1 350 118601860 samuel priday istonecutterstonecutter I1 stone mason ISLCSLC 950 8701870 0iovannioiovannidiovanni Sansangiovanigioveni istudentstudent professoriprofessor islcstslcstSLCSt george property arnijrniijrnl john peter scheib I1 ppianoiano forfonfortefontete mmakak I1 carcancarpenterpenter I1 SLC 1 2500 118701870 david shorten ilaborerlaborer ichemistschemistchemist ogdenlogdenbogden idd 1882 IFORAFORA samuel smith shopishop keeper I1 probate uddejudgefudgej brighamibrigham city 1190001900019.000 1187015701870 james staples I1 stone masonm I1 stonestonemasonmason ISLCSLC 1 2200 118701870 edward tolortaylor student inewspapermannewspaperman SLC I1 d 1896 IFFORAORA william watkins shopishop keeper ifarmerfarmerfarmen brigham city 1 1500 118601860 wmlampardwatkinswm lampard watkins studentistudent ibusinessbusinessmanman ibeighambfighamcitycity 1 800 118701870 EASTAWTHEASTSOUTH END LONDON EMIGRANTS thomas Bbiggs boilermaker storekeeper lehllehi arizona ipropertyproperty 118801880 william binder itierbaker ibakermbakerbakerbaken ISLCSLC 112001200 118801880 ceorgeoeorgege blacket lengiengengineerlengineerineer ladobelabobealobeadobe maker nephi 1 700 118701870 robertnobertR t C blackett shipwright ilaborerlaborer jspringville15pringville 1 150 118701870 david blair soldierimidier I1 I1 coloradolcolorado I1 jsmesjamasjames twxhenefervwx fonfor engine maker blacksmithiblacksmith laiIIIlag111heneferjulpulpui I1 500soo 118601860 james hillhi I1 I1 cabineticabinetinabinet maker icabinetinabinetcabinetmakermakermaken ISLCalc5lc idd 1889 FORAIFORA george dervisdarvisdanvisdenvisjarvisjervis isailorisaidorsailor farmerfruitifermerfruitfarmerfarmen fruit lWashingtonwashingtonlwashingtoncwashington co propertywillipropertywillproperty willwiil 118801880 william milo garmakercigarmakerciicigermaker Icafeman I1 emery co idd 1911 IFORAFORA william mills blacksmithiblacksmith blacksmith Millardmillardcoco I1 IFORAFORA damasdamesjamesjamas failingpailing icabinetinabinetcabinet maker laborer weberwebeniweberdweber I1 none istedlistedI1 118601860 1 abronawanawonaaronaanon painterpointerpainten 2 boitermakerboilermakerboiterlboilermakermakermaken boilermakerlboilermakerboi1ermaker ibearabearbearbebrbean lake idsldaida I1 rawramnawnonelistadI1 imm 1880 samuel purdopundopurdev I1 I1 I1 ogden Wweberweben idd 1908 FORA hanryhannyry savage isileisilksilk weavercovenove ifarmerfruitfarmenfarmer fruit I1 Ppesonpasoneyson iprcprpropertywillpropertytowilltywillwillwiil 1870 114

illustration liiillIII111

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page fromerom london convertconvent damesjames staples returning saturday masons timetimmrimm booebook original in LDS archives CR 57 bxax 9 fd 1 31 see page 99

r mt r tr nd3r S otsors ft n voivolyad fortortoy audawdawe anfeenfe i r ncy bcoee3 2ql5TJOTSi n btwbt1Bt 1

script signed by london convertconvent william laropardLarolamolamm pardpand watkinsWatkinskina secretary forfon the brinham city cooperatCoocooperateperatpenat ivelve see page loo100 CHAPTCHAPTER yilyllVIIV I1 I1 c8nclbs18nsCNCLNSI NS the saga of thomas ambrose poulter and his family

the final chapter of this thesis revolves around the memoirs of thomas ambrose poulter a london convert with a remarkable story 1 poulters journal is the story of family conversion and covers in summary major aspects of the london mormon connection it provides a significient illustration of several conclusions drawn in this study if ever there were an example of history and literature complimenting each other it is in the diary of thomas ambrose poulter the record itself has a lavorflavorf of in london and mark twain in america the story line is pure with an unexpected twist leading to a proper and well mannered ending worthy of jane austen beyond that it is the profile of a london family and clearly demonstrates all the elements that make such a group quite different from its british neighbors it includes a search for truth religious loyalty respectablityrespectability status and wealth it also includes disloyalty bitterness complaint

thomaslthomas ambrose poulter life of thomas ambrose poulter from his diary utahlitchlit9hofay pioneer 8qr8phiesbiographiesio 4494-4494165165 copy of typed manuscripts bound and stored in the family history library the story of the poulter family is told in the splendid diary of thomas ambrose poulter a typed copy which is included in the last of the 44 volumes of the utahfatahbatah Ppioneeriol7ee 8qr8phiesbiographiesio interviews and memoirs of utah territory pioneers which were either conducted or collected by WPA historians during the 1930s the poulter diary is a 95 page single spaced copy of the handwritten original it is a spellbinding document which explains life at sea london working problems conversion and convert challenges crossing the ocean and plains and life in the utah territory nevada and the california ooidboldboidgold rush it should be read in total to capture the complete personality of thomas poulter and savor his adventurous life 116 fatigue sacrifice and snobbery it comes out of the nonconformist movement excerpts from this diary can give only the briefest flavor of the total but they may allow us to understand the london convert as he existed poulter recalled his childhood with pride

I1 thomas ambrose poulter the son of thomas poulter was born at east mousley surrey england at the bell hotel my father was 1amehelameiame he was apprenticed to a boot and shoe maker and became the boot and shoe maker to the royal family of england namely king george the fourth and king william and queen adalaide and prince sase coburg of claremountClaremount esher and also hampton court palace in esher my fatherfather had the privilege to hunt with the game keepers remountclaremountCla the home of the royal family was crowded with the nobles of the earth and gay times a lovely spot I1 was often sent to the mansion father sold out and went to hampton courtc1osecourtcount close to the royal gardens and palace he had the royal coat of arms over his oranddooranddoordoondovoorand and got a good trade startedthesestarted these were the brightest daysofdaysondays of my life til the duke being made a king and leaving hampton court palace made business dullwedulduidullduliduildulleelWewe moved to london 2

the poulter family was part of a nation on the move when they transferred into london it is hard to escape the impression that large numbers of british citizens in the 1840s were completely bewildered by the change from rural to urban environments often a forced change whether they were short term emigrants from a tiny village to a gigantic metropolitianmetropoli tian city such as london or leeds or longtermlong term emigrants needing economic relief from poverty or repression they were expected to make adjustments of a far reaching nature which could include a new lifestylelife style for which they had no training leaving friends and family perhaps forever

clife of thomas ambrose poulter from his diary appp 96 97 117 1 their past experiences gave them few of the social or occupational skills required to cope with totally new situations londonersLondoners in many respects were better off than their rural compatriots or manufacturing neighbors many belonged to that group of

I1 middling classes composed of better off artisans small tradesmen or shopkeepers who formed the backbone of civilized living they were independent individualistic and non differential they uniformly valued respectability encouraged strong family ties and practiced self help they were accustomed to reoccuringreoccuring moves and generally adjusted well to each new opportunity their nonconformist experiences helped them to cope with a new religion and their lifestylelife style helped them cope with a new environment when the missionaries from america appeared they came with middling or working class credentials and could speak to the needs of the london seeker in some ways citizens of the port city of london were very sophisticated having had access to travel and exposure to the cosmopolitan peoples of the world thomas poulter for example spent at least fifteen years at seabsea3 traveling as far as china and becoming familiar with southern european cities and the great civilizations of the eastern world london city dwellers were not intimidated by a polished preacher with an oxford education or by stagnating tradition nor were they offended by an extroverted backwoodsman from america with his extraordinary confidence and sense of world mission most london listeners were already attracted by nonconformity which spoke to their needs and utilized their talents

ibid31bid p 98 thomas poulter ran away to sea after a flogging by his father 118

when a very young thomas poulter finally chose the baptists it was because their beliefs were nearest to the bible which he had learned by heart after the shock of witnessing a close friend and shipmate fall overboard and be eaten by a shark 4 he notified his sister jane of his decision but when he returned from the sea she stopped him with my dear brother tom do not join any church until you hear from me one day some time between 1840441540184018 40 44 he listened with awe as sister janes former baptist minister wove a strange and puzzling story the minister confided

one fine morning I1 stood under a tree to preach after I1 got through two men who had listened to me came up shook hands and said how do you do brother thinking that they were baptists I1 asked them to dinner after dinner they asked me if I11 were not a member of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints I1 told them I1 had not heard of them they told me they were from nauvoo and asked me to let them preach I1 did so and in doing so the signs followed them I1 believed several of my congregation followed at once I1 lost my place as the minister of the baptist church my wife now gives me fits from losing my bread and butter cursed me and on it was hehhenhellheilheii now brothers and sisters I1 am an elder in the church of jesus christ of latter day saints your sister jane has asked me to send something for you to read and study over namely the proclamations of joseph smith the prophet of the united ratesstatesmates you will see that he embraced all the truths that are recorded in the bible the gifts and the blessings that are and that will follow the believer 5

the middling londoner had always lived side by side with the wealthy the proud and the criminal life in this city generally brought rich and poor together the poor to serve the rich but also to observe

41bidbid p 107

sibidbibid51bid p 123 119 londonersLondoners were familiar with the lifestyle of the wealthy and had upward goals and aspirations which were eventually a possibility in zion where they were allowed to own land and property gain an education and write the law thomas ambrose poulter already had some success with his goals and aspirations he was first a steward to an important admiral and eventually a butler to a member of the royal court 6 he hid his mormon affiliation for some time attending meetings in theobalds road in secret ashamed of the poor and dirty clothes of his fellow believers one day before he was hired by the queens counsel he was spotted shaking the hand of a brother in the faith and lost a fancy job other members of his family joined the cormonsMormormonsmons following the example of jane and thomas their sister charlotte was baptized but she was too proud and did not stay their brother william a french polisher joined with his wife caroline strubell5trubell poulter william became a stalwart in the theobalds road branch and the london conference his home always open to the missionaries and the brethren from zion poor and rich alike in 15481848 william and caroline migrated to st louis where they became leaders of the latter day saint community father poulter was appalled at the conversion of his children and tried to forbid his family to associate with such an impossible group their mother wept sarah and charlotte after

61bidbid p 135 thomas was a bit of a snob and enjoyed looking his best he wrote proudly that on being hired as butler to the queens counsel he was told

you will have to attend the queens levey and drawing room every six months on those occasions you will have to have a new suit of black made by my tailor of the very best with a nosegay of flowers on your breast you see thomas I1 want my butler to look the best in the crowd for on those occasions I1 wear my state robes of my high order as the queens counselor

thomas actually attended butlers school the prince albert institution in londoninlondon hisdiaryhis diarydiany description of this activity provides a revealing insight into the london of 1840s p 134 120 marrying men of means7 a builder and a barrister would no longer speak to their foolish siblings the reaction of various family members was a typical london mormon response 68 poulter continued

I1 thomas A poulter now went to london to the meetings of the so called saints I1 watched closely to try to find fault if I1 could ahethejhe halhaihallhailhaliI1 was filledf i I1 led with members not rich but allaliaila I1 poor but all honest industrious seekers of the truth the meetings were preaching in the morning afternoon it was free for all to testify and it was at these meeting the gifts were exercised in the evening the smart preachers would preach there were several pretty girls and smart elders I1 must say I1 felt bad to see how blind I1 had been in reading the scripturesaboutscriptures about this time my brother william got married and joined the saints being a good speaker they made him an derOneelderoneeldereiderElelderenedenone one year passed my employer mr toler did not know I1 had joined the saints I1 went to the meetings privately but I1 did not make free with the saints as they looked so poor 9

in a recent article titled victorian manchester jan harris states correctly that mormonism gave many members leadership opportunities

abid71bidtbid p 123 after returning from sea with extra money thomas poulter was able to apprentice his sisters he wrote

I1 at this time apprenticed my two sisters charlotte to a first class dressmaker for three years with board my sister jane to learn the trade of making hats and millinerymillmilleneryenery it cost me nearly one hundred pounds my object in doing this was for them to go into business together there was a significant tendency for intermarriage between status groups among the artisan class in london boroughs gentlemen could marry up or down without penalty this possibility is discussed in chapter 11 see also charts 111111v11 ill111 IV and YV in chapter ililiiIII111I1 11 demographics

SPOT exact membership information for the poulter family see appendix IX which shows them belonging to the theobalds road london and luton branches clues from various journals indicate jane actually joined much earlier but was rebaptised in 1846 along with her brothers and sister

clife9life of thomas ambrose poulter from his diary appp 123 124 121 which they would not have had as members of other denominations 10 the church combined popular religion with the voice of authority As was explainedeapexp I1 ai ned on chart VIIIV I1 I1 I1 page 82 at eastleastI1 thirtyth i rtyarty london converts 1840451840 45 were energized to the point of serving fellow britishersBritishers as branch presidents while at least twice that many more had the opportunity to serve as a counselor or in other leadership positions many became fluent and forceful speakers gaining as they served unquestioned authority and complete and total confidence the following paragraph reveals one such voice of authority in the person of elder wallace who was not afraid to decide the future for a member of the local congregation and whose counsel was subsequently accepted without question thomas remembered

I1 was butler to the queens counsel and married when elder wallace at the testimony meeting said brother poulter you are to gather up for zion right away and not to tarry and your way shall be opened all the way to zion thistyistaostavsTIVs move was something I1 did not expect italics addedfromadded from this

I1 I moment made up my mind to prepare for zion 1 gave the queens counsel a month warning to leave my cifeswifes mother finding I1 was determined to go said to her daughter hannah you have a sister in america but where we do not know As your mother my counselcounse I1 to you isi s now to go withw i th your husband and may god bless you both

in spite of the steady movement away from the center of london and the fact that workers moved with some frequency from one residence to another most of their moves took place within a fairly limited area london artisans tended to adopt an informal style of life and to marry a woman close to home basically the londoner chose a westnorthwestworthwest north or

danlodanlojanjan harris victorian manchester brigham young studies 27 1987 153

lifeoflife of thomas ambrose poulter from his diary pp136appp 136 137 122 eastsoutheast south neighborhood as was appropriate to his needs and he expected

to spend his life within its confines as explained in chapter II11 london mormon artisan converts however in accepting the challenge to serve as a missionary or branch leader began to move from home neighborhoods to meet future brides from across town and across shire and they began at once to enlarge their world view gathering half way around the world as thomas was now contemplatingcontemplatingwaswas simply the next step a large but not impossible adventure only when members chose a residence in the utah territory did some revert to their london roots as shown on chart IX page 113 PAM taylortaylon historian of british mormon emigration shows figures revealing that over eighty percent of the british mormon converts traveled as family groupsgroups1212 with a remarkable equality of numbers between adult males and adult females these findings are in agreement with the findings of this thesis for london converts see chart V page 61 less common than large nuclear families with more than five children traveling together were extended families ie older brothers and sisters with their spouses and children and perhaps parents or adolescent boys and girls however even extended families were common enough to cause little comment from their peers london conversion was equal between men and women a ratio reflecting the strong family ties typical of the nonconformist lifestyle 13

epamPAMzpam taylor expectations westward therheraerav harmons and the emigration of their aritis9ritisbritish Oonaunounconvertsconventsverts in the Nineteennineteenthtb century edinburgh oliver and boyd 1965 p 147

13seesee discussion concerning nonconformist families in chapter IV of this thesis which concludescond udes religionrelnelnei igionigdon was a familyfam i 1yay affaiaffailaffairr 123

the reaction of the total poulter family to the original message of the latter day saints as well as their lifetimelife time response was representative of the spectrum found for middle class london mormon conversion jane the first poulter mormon convert remained stong in her faith and supported the saints though she never left england in 1854 thomas his wife hannah and brother charles left london to join william and caroline in st louis where they banded together with their children as a typical extended family to cross the plains they suffered all the pain and sacrifice of the early pioneers including the death of thomas and hannahs infant son john in the end charles and his family gave up the quest and returned to london stalwart william settled in saitsalt lake city where he became involved with the mechanics dramatic association see page loi101011 then moved to ogden on 7 march 1866 he was accidently killed by a fallingfailing tree in ogden canyon 14 his wife caroline stribbellstrudstrubbell5trubbellStrubbellbelibeil poulter remained faithful and devoted to her mormon conversion to the end of her life 15 perhaps the biggest problem for london converts in immigrating to zion was not their inability to adjust to a new environment or even to introduce london culture and refinement but it was their naivete on the westward trek when they had to trust the savy frontfrontiermaniermanaerman who knew the mysterious ways of the wild and the solutions of survival london city folks were simply out of their element on the wilderness frontier but they also

tandrewjensonAndrew14andrew14 densonjenson 0zlrcchurch ohralwlagychronofoayChrono foay A recarolofRecanecavecarecordrecorevecorerolofof important eye17t55lcevents deseretdeseretnewsnews 1899 p 74

thene15therethere is considerable descendantndantjdant activity for both the thomas poulter family and the william poulter family see appendixseeappendix yliyllyilVII family group records patron sheets 124 had the willingness of the immigrant to trust that all would work out wellweli 16 poulter gave the westward trek mixed reviews

the next day we camped in another lovely grove with a stream filled with fish but the mosquitoes were awful sickness now broke out in our camp several women died and the children several were sick and died they were buried by the wayside one girl about fourteen said to me brother poulter give me a drink of cold water for I1 am dying we were now on the plains we had no water she died it was terrible my wifecifeswifeswipes left breast was sore so the twins fared bad at last they took sick I1 slept in a tent I1 took the twins and prayed to god to spare them to get to salt lake as I1 dreaded the wolves for we had them on our trail every night howling terrible 5t1115tat our crowd waswa 3a merry 00oooneong italics added every evening we made large fires we had a band in our crowd dancing and singing the cattle were guarded by two of the brothers every night 17

if their trail leader misjudged it meant disaster or even death the londoner occasionally gave up but generally he was able to handle the worst features of western america with a sense of humor on his arrival in the utah territory thomas ambrose poulter from theobalds road branch proceeded to attempt to live the life of a frontiersman he confessed

bountiful utah territory 1560s1860s about this time it began to snow very bad hay went up to thirty dollars per ton food was scarce the cattle were now starving everywhere and it was terrible several of my neighbors had no flourf lourloun with one family I1 divided my flour and shorts till it was all goneigonelgone I1 went fishing butcouldbut could not catch a fishfish of any kindmykindkindey my wife said why thomas no fish why how is that we have nothing for supper but bran I1 was now gaining knowledge and experience in everything I1 undertook to do could dig anything italics

16rebeeca16rebeccaRebeeca cornwall and leonard J arrington rescue of the 1856 handcart companies provo charles readreddreod center for western studies 1982 p 38

17 life of thomas ambrose poulter from his diary p 139 125

added I1 was broken in to it who would believe it once a steward in the royal navy to right honorable lord A beauclarkbeauclerkBeauclark and on shore a butler now I1 could take the team and my dinner with bread and butter and when noon came my food would be all dried up by the sun I1 would have to put it in the river to soften it was I1 happy yes I1 was happy I1 was freefreenee to work or free to fishf i sh or to take a rest true a great contrast to my living as I1 had in london but for all that I1 was happy in my religion 1618

many emigrant converts became farmers on arriving in the utah territory all kept the necessary cow and chickens to sustain a family thomas poulter was no exception he settled in bountiful on his assigned acres then one day gave up and took his family to carson city nevada where this london butler appropriately became an innkeeper things went much better until his wife hannah died giving birth to their seventh child she and the child clara were buried on the hillside overlooking carson city next to tiny sister julia ronald walker has carefully defined the role of the victorian british convert in america londonersLondoners as other britishersBritis13ritishershers

exerted a proportionalnonproportionalnon influence on such activities as commerce and culture they became leading merchants promoted deserets lecture and debating clubs literary and artistic societies choruses and musical bands early magazines and newspapers little theaters were often dominated by london born talent 19

because of his involvement with the community structure thomas did not grieve alone the carson city citizens members of all faiths and

181bid181bidibid p 146

19ronald19ronald walker cradling mormonism the rise of the gospel in early victorian england dhudjubyustudiesBYU Studies 27 winter 1987 1341 34 126 creeds mourned the loss of hannah poulter hannah had trained her musicalmusicallyly talented daughters to sing and perform for these abandoned westerners thomas recorded with awe

some wonder how I1 got so many friends in carson city I1 was always on hand to improve and progress andbuildand build up the townthetown the funeral was attended by three other churches wesleyanswesleyannWesleyans church of england and the presbyteriansPresbyterians for why was this because my three girls spoke and sang at all three places no doubt it was this that caused the good feelingtowardfeeling toward the family at hannahs death the overland stage company sent a stage free buggies from stables all free the people flocked I1 suppose in hope to see my wife as it was her wish to be dressedshedressed she wore a diadem of flowersflowers on her forehead which looked handsomethehandsomhandsomeeThethe ladies were extremely kind and thoughtful in every way I1 as chief mourner was struck with gods goodness to me 20 I1 now made my mind to go home to england so I1 sold my house with two lots and gave away lots of things I1 put my box and bedding into a big wagon and started for sacramento 21

thomas who had sailed the seas of the world for many years and was not afraid of change bought ship tickets from san francisco to return with his four children to london the family in london welcomed him as their prodigal son and brother his sisters charlotte and sarah tried to bribe him with their wealth fine carriages and servants he remembered

I1 was met sure enough at the station at kensington by sarah who called two cabs and took us to a lodging house and left orders for us to have a good living I1 was here a week and no one cal1edthecalled the landlady asked for moneywasmoneymoneyway was this true after traveling so many hundreds of miles and going through so much danger to be treated like this I1 was made sport of my hair and were too longsoonlongiong 5oonboon came a carriagecarriagemycarriagemymy

20 life of thomas ambrose poulter from his diary p 159

21 ibid loliglIOI161 127

sisters sarah mclachlan and charlotte greenwood with the intentions of taking my boy tommy and monty emma and bell I1 told them I1 did not intend to let my children go anywhere only where I1 went would be their home well up speaks charlotte who was the boss well tommy shall go with me I1 want to knock mormonism out of him and we will put the three girls in

I a boarding school 1 said charlotte and sarah it is kind of you to bring your courage to take away my children but as the lord liveth not one of them goes from me while I1 have the means to keep them 22

though his sisters determined to keep his son and three daughters and raise them in style and fashion father and mother poulter only wept with relief at their return oldest sister jane drew thomas back into the small fold of members who greeted him with joy and offered their hospitality brother charles and his wife talked about returning to america once acainaqainagain thomas soon realized his heart was in zion when he shared this news with his small son and daughters his diary explained they sang with joy and felt they were going home 23 thomas ambrose poulter returned to america ffirst across the continent to california then east across the sierras to join his sisterinsister in law caroline in ogden utah territory like a fairy tale his children grew up and married very well to scions of prominent first families like the farrsbarrs and the harrises of northern utah a success story that must have been very pleasing to a class conscious londoner who had been shunned by his rich london relatives his triumphant diary relates memories of grand wedding feasts and dances in celebration

221b1dp221 bid p 163

231bidibid 128

monty had her feast at martin harris at harrisville had a splendid supper and a dance I1 had lots of good cider we had a jolly time of it bellbeli farr had her supper at mary partsparrs it was a grand turnout had the band emma and WW williamswiiliamswiliiamswi I1 I1 iams had her supper and dance at her fathers soulterspoultersPoul ters house we had a granary plenty of room and the ogden brass band this was a splendid turnout we had over a hundred to supper we had plenty of everything to eat and to drink of the best my tommy had his supper at judge aaron farrsbarrs had a grand supper and the brass band no dance no room forfor the purpose very peculiar all married in the year 15821882 24

his greatest joy was in the marriage ceremonies themselves one by one all four young people were sealed in a sacred mormon ordinance ceremony in the in salt lake city the end of a journey that began under a tree in london when a baptist minister invited two strangers from nauvoo to share a meal

conclusions historians have not fully accepted the parts played by the london converts exposed to the first mission to england of the apostles of the church of jesus christ of atterlatterL day saints they suggest the visit was at best symbolicalsymbolical25symbolica12525 as a battle ground in the confrontation against old world evil and new world good news in a brief reference to the 1840 mission to london historian leonard arrington restates this theme

although brigham and his companions had gone jonah I1 ikelike to and fro endeavoring to get some door open where we could warn the people and search out the homes in heartwehearheartheartietwewe foundf

ibid241bid241Ibbidld p 164

leonand25leonard25leonard arrington grqbambrigham young american tlosesclosesmose5mosea new york alfred A knopf inc 1985 p 91 they young woodruff smith kimball did not expect to attract many converts in london and regarded their presence as of primarily symbolic significance 129

the whole city given to covetousnesscovetousnessandand all manner of abominations they concluded that london was a perfet depot of the systems of the nineteenth century containing 666 different gods gospels redeemers plans of salvation religions churches commandments order of preaching and roads to heaven and to hellheilheiihenhhehn only 3a bj17dfulhandful converted to mormol7lgmflermonflormon ismjsm 26 italics added

these conclusions are misleading for this thesis verifies from primary sources the conversion of at least four hundred individuals during the first five years of exposure to the message of the mormon missionaries in comparison with the 1845 london population of over two million these numbers are insignificant however compared with a total mormon membership of 34694 recorded on 27 december 1847 when brigham young became president of the Churchchurch2727 four hundred converts from a single city represents a very respectable effortofforteffort ootnot17ot a weremeremorewene a bzazhandful717dful

other malormajormaj or findingsf i nd i ngs fromfrom thisth i s study are as followsf0 I1 I1 ow s

01 over four hundred londonersLondoners joined the mormon church during the 1840451840 45 period most were young of some economic success and with occupations covering a spectrum from unskilled to professional they were family oriented with victorian skills interests and ideals of fourfour hundred converts 210 eventually emigrated to america the naivete and trust of the inexperienced london emigrant resulted in tragedy and death for several in st louis and across the wyoming trail 2 greater london was a city with two distinct histories and cultures the westnorthwestworth end was urban heavily populated with strong

26ZO ibid p 92 this quote includes the words of brigham young as well as arringtons conclusion

27church276hup&27 Church new9nawanawq week beginning december 1 1985 SLC deseret news publisher 1985 p 8 130 loyalties to a city lifestyle london converts from the westnorthwestworth end were strongly attracted to life on the populated wasatch front of the utah territory the lifestyle of the eastsouth end convert emigrant reflected interests learned as part of a community devoted to shipping and trade on the massive london docks many eastsoutheast south members had traveled to exotic foreign countries as well as to highly civilized european cities they were more adventurous than their westnorthwestworth end ethernbrethernbretherdbr and they were willing to accept colonization missions to the far corners of the utah territory they also brought a special quality with them a cosmopolitan knowlegeknowknowledgelege of the world which they introduced to frontier america 3 most london conversion came out of the nonconformist movement which both strengthened and divided the membership this thesis identifies the upper street independent church as the nonconformist church discussed by wilford woodruff in his london 1841 journaliourn3v26 the independent and rebellious attitudes fostered in nonconformity caused some rocky moments for the fiefleriefledglingdalingdgling latter day saint movement but these traits eventually added stability by involving the londoner as leader and missionary the presence of the convert leaders kept the church of jesus christ of latter day saints alive in indifferent london during difficult and turbulent years 4 londonersLondoners were status conscious and concerned with respectability they were multifacetedmulti faceted in interests and skills and brought this quality to the utah territory in terms of both avocation and occupation their attitude of sophistication added a new dimension to the personality and lifestyle of the frontier mormon settlements woodruffswoodruffe choice of residence upon entering london influenced the quality of conversion and produced an artist class among the new converts this may be the most

28AJ wilford woodruff journalslourzaurgaurnals 157781 577 8 131 significant difference between london conversion and that in the rest of the british isles 5 generally all converts including those from london were expected to maintain farms and grow crops in order to exist however most westnorthwestworth end londonersLondoners shortly took up permanent occupations and interests miliarsimiliarsimiliansi to those in which they functioned in london the conclusions of this study reject at least for london cormonsMormormonsmons the predictions of PAM taylor and other emigration historians which suggest that if the british in utah were to be pioneers they would have to change their urban occupations for a life devoted to agriculture 29 perhaps the traditional conclusions concerning converts from all other parts of the british isles should be reexamined 6 it appears from london branch and historical records that frederick piercy the mormon trail artist was not only a church member but had a strong influence on the london emigrants from the theobalds road branch who ended as handcart pioneers in 1856 though this relationship may have been minor it is still part of the london mormon story and deserves further examination 7 london converts who emigrated to america have in many instances impressive posteritiesposteri ties many of whom are still practicing members of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints appendix vilVIIVI 1

there is much still to be learned from the london period each aspect as reflected in the separate chapters of this thesis could and should be studied at greater length to determine the final impact that london

z9pam29pam29PAM taylor expectationsfxpect8tions westward thetaerheraetyerye normons9ndhormonscormons sndsodand the emigrationsemigr9tionsewigEmigrations of their british converts in the Nineteennineteenthtb century edinburg oliver and boyd 1965 see footnote 27 page 105 of this thesis for complete quote 13213 2 conversion had upon the everyday life of the citizens of zion and on the mormon church questions which still might be addressed include

I11 of the 210 known london converts who emigrated to america 125128 individuals sixty percent have been subsequently traced to the utah territory see appendix IV page 142 what happened to the forty percent who stayed in the east 2 how did the mormon london emigrant compare with the non mormon london emigrant of the same period were they the same kinds of individuals what were their backgrounds why did they emigrate 3 most early london conversion came out of the nonconformist movement which had a stronger influence in central london on the ordinary citizen than the state supported church of england did later after 18501550 british mormon conversion continue to come from the nonconformist community or were other religious influences greater 4 what is the eventual history of the upper street independent church 5 finally what is now known about the british origins of the mormon converts has reached the point that it is time to make comparative studies such as between converts from manchester london and rural england how did they differ socially economically and religiously both before and after joining the church APPENDIX I1 london branches organization history

london conference organized 141 A feb 184118 41 pre 1845 branches

london branches mentioned in the london conference historical record CR 5006 VOL I11 IDS archives HPHD

london branch 6 oct 1840 woolwich branch 10 oct 1841 theobalds road 10lonovconovnovnoy 1841 awestTtwestTWwestest 10tonovconovnov 1841 paddington branch 15 jun 1842 mentioned only no records middlesex IS15 mar 1842 conf 3 dec 1843 western branch london west 4 jun 184381841843 383 8 aarapr 44 probably maryleboneMarylebone 9 jun 1843184 eastern branch london east 4 jun 184381843 8 aarapr 44 probably theobalds rd COMBINEDCOMB I1 NED BY VOTE castle street chapel finsburyainsburyFinsbury 1 mar 1844 no record austin street chapel shoreditchShoreditch branch no record skinner street branch 8 dec 1844291844 29 jan 1844 no record poplar branch 1844 mentioned only no record

LONDON conference BRANCHES BRITISH MISSION CR 5006 vol 1 IDSLDS archives HPHD albionsalbione place branch dec 1 8501850 Bermondbermondseysey branch 11919novnov 8581858 formerly st5.5 t johns camden branch 2 jun 8481848 castle3treetcastlecastie street chapel br I11 mar 1848 chelsea branch 12323 dec 1849 finsburyainsburyFinsbury branch 6 mar 1850 hackney branch hammersmith branch inov5nov5 nov 1 8551855 holborn branch 11919juldulduijul 8521852 formerly theobaldtheobalds road hungerford branch 11919novnovnoy 8481848 lingtonillingtonislingtonIs branch 12323 dec 8491849 kennington branch IS15 jun 8481848 kensal new branch novnoy 8491849 lambeth branch 8551855 limehouse branch london branch 11414 feb 1841 london east end branch 4 jun 1843 bethlehem chapel london west end branch 4 jun 1843 0111 jun 1854 addedtowestminbradded to we tm in br luton ranchnanchbranchB 6 aarapr 1844 maryleboneMarylebone branch I1 9 jun 1843 may be london west end branch middlesex branch ils11515 mar 1842 conference 3 dec 1843 milemi ie end branch 1I1 9 mar 1856 conticontinuedauednued on page 13413 4 154134 nettingnotting dale branch 1851 old road branch ilg11919febfeb 8491849 7 paddington branch 118isaarisapraarapr 188473474-1 and2nd organization istorgestorgI1 st org 15 dunjununaun442 poplar branch 118isaarisapraarapr 8441844 first mentioned 1844 no records ramsgate branch dec 8501850 ricksmanworth 6 dec 8461846 skinnerskinnenr6ra street branch 8 dec 8461846 bommerssommers town branch 22ju1juljui 8481848 organized at camden south newington branch 5 mar 8501850 stcit albans branch I11 dec 8561856 r- stjt johns branch I11 dec 1856 stoke newington branch ajun3jun3 dunjun 1850 udhamstudhamIt ranchnanchbranchbrenchB 10 duiduljuljui 1848 tabernacle walk branch I11 dec 1850 theobalds road branch 10lonovconovnovnoy 1841 19 duiduljuljui 1852 named changed to holborn tottenham branch I11 may 1850 vineyine street branch 12424apraon 1848 wellweilweliwe I1 ingi ng Branchnanchbranch 12323 dec 1849 westminster branch I1 rorron 1851 included in branch whitechapel branch ilg11919novnov 1848

1 woodforkswoodfbrdswoodfordsWoodfordsfondsponds branch 1 dec 18185115 1 woolwich branch 10looctloochoct 1841 weston branch 13030ju1dulduijul 1 8481848 wooburnwoodburn oreengreen branch I11 dec 1 8501850 woodfordswoodforksWoodfords branch I11 dec 1 8511851

j5feb185715 feb 1 857 oiuisionffluision of london conference into huefluefivenue districts

I11 NORTH whwhitechapeli chapeltetechapel olovegioveglove fields limehouse poplar hackney and haggerstone

21 clentercenterGENTERCIENTER holloway westministerWestminister finsburyainsburyFinsbury holborn theobalds row camden town somers town

3 EAST chelsea hammersmith bayswaterBayswater edmonton whetstone battersea paddington barking

4 SOUTH walworth walworth common kennington lambeth Bermondbermondseysey deptfordDeptdepthfordford orboreenichorbenOregreenichoreenoneenichich

5 WEST woolwich dartford etham 135155

APPENDIX II11I1 I1 alphabetical list of occupation status classification 184018451840 1845 london conference records are cross referrenced with appropriate branch records other sources as shown in appendix IX page 156 include biographies and family group records and 1841 london census code as follows aprofessionalaprofess1onal bwhitebewhite collar cilCrlcrlerchantcmerchantCMerchant dskilledd5td11edDSkilled esemie5emiesema skilled funski11edfunskilledFUnskilled malemaie wtnnrthwestnorthwestworthWest North male eastsouthEast South code loccudation10ccupation 1 numberlnumber codelcodelecode 1 occupation10ccupation number I1 I1 IDD lboilermakerjboilermaker 14 B cartistjartistartist I1 i IDD I1 blacksmithB lacksm i th 11 D lawiawl maker I1 I11 IDD cabinet maker 13 E I1 baker 172 1 C I1 cafe man 11I1 I1 D I1 bootmaker I1 I11 I1 D lEngengineerlengineerineer 122

7 1 D jbiacksmithblacksmith lutiut1113 D 1 engine maker 122 D bricklayerlbricklayer 122 1 E lgardneregardnerlG6ardner 122 E brushmaker113rushmaker 111 ID1 D i hatter 122 B ibutlerhbutlerbutierbutler I1 I11 IDI1 D pearlpeariI1 pearlpeari ornament M I1 D icarpentercarpenterscarpenter 122 ID I1 ivoryivony turner I1 I11 E ichimney sweep I1 I11 JFF 111 laborer 122 B perkmenkpenkclerk 122 1cacC I1 merchant 111 D lClockmakerclockmaker iloiio11010 1 B lOffofficerlofficericericen brit navy 111 C lcoachmanspricoachmanspr I1 I11 ID iprintersprinterprinter I1 I11 E icealicoalcoal carman I1 I11 ID ruieirulerule maker mea12mea 122 E confectionerlconfectioner 122 JEE 15ailorjsailor brit navy I1jlI1 B engineermanlengineermanEngilEngi neerMan 122 IDD lsawyersawyer 17aj1j3 D lengiengJEngengineerjengineerineer 122 IDD shipwright I1 I1 D I1 enameler 111 ID1 D I1 shoemaker 11 E fishmongerifishmonger 111 1 D si1kweaver15ilkweaver 122 E frenchlfrenchefrench polisarpolishr I1 I11 ID I1 stonecutter I1 I1 E furnishngFurnishifurnishngfurnishingng iron I1 I11 IDD tailonI1 taitaltailoror I1 I1 E 13ardnerandner13ardnergardnergerdnergandner 111 ID iteacanistermakerI1 tea canistermakerCanister maker I1 I1 D jjewelrjewelseilerwellerJejewellerjewellenlerlenien 133 ID timenitimeratimertimer & brazer 11 F labourerilabourerlaboureurLabourerouner 133 10LD laatchlwatchiwatch maker 11 D I1 mason 122 1 total38tota138 C I1 merchant 122 1 E I1 painterpeipaintennten 122 1

D painterpaintenipainter &61az& biazblaz 122 I11 E paperpapen hanger 122 1 A physicianlphysician 111 D I1 Pphotographerhotographotograpgnapherhen 111 D ipianofortI1 P noFortianofortia mak 122 D numberplumber 111 F I1 porter 111

continued on page 136 161361 6

appendix 11 continued

malsmaiemalemalp westnorthwestworthWestwptmnrthNorth code loccuoation10ccupation number odecode 10ccuoatloccuoationon lnumberinumberincumber

I1 I1 I1 I1 I1

D iportraitportrait paint I1 i I1 I11 I11 B I1 preacher 11i I1 female london occupations B 15choolschool master 122 1 1 1 D shoemaker15hoemaker 144 JEE I1 baker 133 E I1 shoecutterShoecutter I1 I11 I1 E ibrushmakeribrusnmaker 2 D soldier15oldier 111 1 D I1 chemistchem i st 1 D I1 stonecutter 111 1 1 i D I1 taitaltailorlonionlor 133 1 E confectionerlconfectioner I1 C I1 tea orocergrocer 11 ID1 D I1 dressmaker jaj616 E tiieitiletile man ID I1 enameler 1 E iturnerdturnerturner 122 1 D I1 hatmaker variety 1 2 E lWaddingwaddinglwadding maker I1 I1 IF llailaundressILaundresslaundressLa 11 E iwatchawatchwatch casemkri I1 IFF 15ervant15ervantservantenyant 199 E watchmakermatchmaker 122 IBB schoolmistress 1 2 D watchfinisherlwatchfinisherWatchfinisher 11 IDD 15ilksilksiik weaver I1 2 C 1 victualerlvictualer 11 11JE 1 waddinamakerWaddilwaddinqmakernamaker 121 total 84 total 3234 note these occupations are subjective some occupations may be in the apprenticeship stage many classified as skilled D also may be classified as a merchant C some women are listed as semiskilledsemisemi skilled E in occupations where husbands may have been listed as skilled D most husbands were merchants or managers as well as skilled in a particular occupation therefore they were given a somewhat higher rating some males moved from occupation to occupation in the same way they moved from residence to residence they would however take jobs of the same status level thesthesee ratings do give some idea of social economic status of converts and are miliarsimiliarsimiliansi to those used by british historians hugh mcleod and charles booth these classifications are used to determine the occupaoccupy tion status percentages shown in table II11 page 55 137

APPENDIX liiIII111I1 I1 I1 notes concerning ldald5 membership of frederick piercy

five years ago this writer was involved with personal family history research concerning an ancestor pioneer who was born on a raft at the loupe fork of the platte river when her young parents crossed the plains in 1853 it was exciting to realize that there was actually a sketch of this location made on the night louisa bingham was born for it turned out that the levi perry bingham family was traveling with the millercooleyMiller Cooley wagon train the very train artist thatathatb included frederick piercy subsequently I1 became very interested in frederick piercy and his remarkable sketches three years ago I1 discovered his baptismal record in the london conference membership records and notified historians at the ldald5 church museum of history and art they were also interested and sent a member from the art

department to the family history library where I1 work to get a copy of the record for documentation at that time most historians agreed that piercy was not a member of the los faith following is material which was uncovered from various london membership records frederick piercy is listed as member number 384 on the london conference membership rolls this record also records a baptismal date for piercy on 23 march 154518451848 at the age of eighteen by J booth which indicates he was born in 1830 and the record shows him living at 15 tonbridgetombridgeTonbridge 158138

place which is next door to the london conference president john banks who lived at 25 tonbridgetombridgeTonbridge place new road piercy is also listed in the theobalds road branch records which give his baptismal date as well as show his priesthood callings which included a call as elder when the theobalds road branch became the holborn branch piercy was listed as a member still living at the same address but with a young wife angelina hawkins piercy 1 according to the london branch record of the blessinablessing of

children a baby girl emily piercy was born to these parents on I11 sep- tember 18501550 emily received a blessing by elder john taylorataylor2 on 9 septem- ber 1850 just eight short days after her birth these same london branch records show that a son of frederick and angelina piercy george piercy

was blessed lir19113 september 1852 by presiding elder david shorten on at least twelve occasions branch and conference records reveal that piercy was intimately involved with missionary work or participating in a priesthood function he is listed as a baptizing elder on several

occasions on 11I1 I1 june 1849 frederick piercy was set apart as clerk in the theobalds road branch on 6 sep 18521552 priest piercy was asked to audit the branch books on 3 jan 1853 a vote of thanks for service as clerk was ren- dered to 23 year old priest piercy who was leaving to travel in america twenty threetoreetamee yearyean oldoidorcy frederick piercy the famous and talented mormon trail artist was born in 1830 in portsmouth hampshire england he

ifawnivawnfawn brodie has identified frederick piercy as frederick hawkins piercy this in- formation is incorrect frederick hawkins piercy was his son born in 1856 and one of eleven children the younger frederick piercy was also a london artist who was given his mothers maiden name he is listed among students of the royal academy of arts many members of the hawkins family were listed as members oftheodtheof the london ldald5ld3 church from 184618551846- 1855

apostle2apostle was evidently stopping in london on his way to establish a mission in france frederick piercy accompanied him to paris temporilytemporily and sketched two likenesses of taylor for a missionary lampletpampletpam plet this information was obtained from curtis E bolton noriesdiariesmoriesmorbes 18501850. LDS archives SLC utah 1391319 traveledrave led to london to study art at a very early age according to fawn brodie in her introduction to the reprint of the piercy book and sketches entitled route from Zlverooollfverpoo to greggegreat3t aalt5alt531t Zlaiefaielake3akeaaeke valiehvaileyvalleyv3va 11&j which was originally published in 18551555 in england 3 this book primarily follows the millercoolieMiller Coolie wagon company along the mormon trail from nauvoo and iowa into the saitsalt lake valley arriving on september 1853 this trip was sketched brilliantly by artist piercy his steel engravings and woodcutswoodcuts published in london have become the ideal vision for all mormon trail histories brodie documented the piercy birth and death information from the complete dictionary of contributors of the royal academy of arts in london which exhibited his work on eleven occasions she then stated firmly that piercy was not a member of the mormon church but has no source for this fact she agreed that he was friendly and sympathetic to the mormon cause because unnamed relatives were involved with this movement other writers and historians followed her lead and tradition including howard clair searle in a small booklet f3faearlyrryray rjormon111or1non hi hlstorlcjqr3stenographypj writingwrltiwalti177 tlethetoetye history of the tlormonsnormol7s 153015551530adjo18 joiJOJJO J 8581555 4A however some recent research by other historianshistorians55 seems to verify the piercy membership in cludingclouding the writers of the recent BYU display brochure prepared to honor the

frederick hawkins piercy route from liverpool to aratoratgrestgreat safsat lvkeL akeaee aabey fawn M brodie ed cambridge harvard university press 1962 p xi

howerdhowand4howardbhowardhoward clair searlesearie 18rlyfaceargacjanaydanay ly tlormonthormonmormon historiography writing tethetye HIhistorytofytorybory1ory of theibefheraefye tlormonsllformols J 830581830588301830 58 university of california los angeles 1980 p 43 wallace stegner in terietherye gathering of amzionjeonyeon the stoystory of the tlormonthormonmormofl 7w7tr8ilondontwy london memc orawhilloraw hillhili book company 1964 p 213 also dismisses piercy as a nonmember

sine best and most definitive information concerning frederick piercy his life and his relationship to the church of jesus christ of latter day saints and particularly brigham young was researched and written by dr wilford hillhili lecheminant in the article entitled to be called an artist landscape and portrait painter frederick piercy utahutsyptsy historical ocarteroaarterquarterlyp vol 48 winter 1980 150 140

150 year celebration of the church in the british isles 6 this booklet

11flermonlormoi7flormon imprints in7 great britain5r1t 91179177 3and the empire 1939 18571351 seems willing to welcome piercy into the fold A quote from the booklet is very appropriate

route from lfverpoozlverpool ranks as the most beautiful book published by the latter day saints many of its steel engravings have high artistic merit although it is now a rare book its illustrations still find their way into most books written on mormon history 7 frederick piercy returned to london in 1854 to prepare to publish his book and he evidently became involvedreinvolvedre with the holborn branch A brief faded notation in the london conference and holborn branch records ind- icates that he and angelina were cut off from church membership on 6 march 1857 recent research indicates this was because they refused to emigrate permanently to the utah territory as directed by president brigham young 8 all primary frederick piercy membership information can be found in the salt lake family history library on film 1 in the london conference membershipmem bership records GS 087014 2 the london city branch membership rolls GS 087013 3 the theobalds road branch records 65GS 087036 and 4 the holborn branch records GS 087003 membership information also can be located in the london cc717f&conferencer&17c& n317uscrlotrtanuscrjpt hlhistorytollsontoytolllontol llonon film cruhcrmh 5006 vol 1 in the historical department archives of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints indexed by date

petenpemerpeterlpeteropeter crawley and david J whittaker mormonmammanmammon imprints iiin arestorestonest britain sodandsom taetoetam empire 1836- 1857 provo friends of the BYU library 1987 number 52 p 64

7bidp6571bid p 65

slecneminantblecheminantBLeCheminant p 62 141

finally it has been determined that the relatives with whom piercy visited in utah were london converts from woolwich they were thomas biggs and his wife piercyspiercyePierpercyscys sistersister3yrenasyrena percy sic biggs who were then living in provo thomas and syrena were eventually called to colonize in lehi arizona it is noted from family group records that one of their daughters was named angelina after piercys wife the biggs family were already longtimelong time members wilford woodruff writes of visiting brother biggs on 21 january 1841 9 it is strange that there has been any question concerning the membership of frederick piercy but this is one historical error that has been perpetuated too long

9 woodruff dourl7s4130journals 130 142

APPENDIX IV names of london cormonsmormons who emigrated

the following chart lists the names of the london converts grouped according to the year in which they left london to emigrate to zion

1841.1841 18421842.1842 dr william copeland iberrelljberrellJB errell covington jr cp 1847 1iriaryannecovingtonmarymany anne covcoy i agtonngton cp 1847 I1 izabethelizabethel emmsem ms elizaE I1 iza cofficoffinn lWilliamwilliamwiiiiam warner major sr cp isarahsarah major cp lWI1 illiamwilliam warner major jr cp lWilliamwilliam watkins cp 1852 hannahjhannah maria lampard watkins cp 1852 wiliiamwilliamwiiiiamW i I1 I1 iam lamlampardpardpand watkinswatk i ns cp 1852

1843 1844 thomas chapman iwilliamalfordafredlwilliamawilliamlW illiam alfordafredAlford Afred benjamin morgan sr ret to london dohnljohnajohnjohn banker samuel smith cp 1850 I1 sally banker mary anne lines smith cp 1852 idavidcdaviddavidcandlandrcandland r miss cp 1852 lWilliamwilliam oreygreyoneygney carolcaroiCarolinecarolinejenkinsi ne Jenkinsdenkinsdenkjenk i ns cp nathaniel jenkins cp 15arahisarahjenkinssrdenkinsjenkins 3rar I1d st5tat louis I1 sarah jenkins jr cp 1889 damesjamesjjamesljames jenkins susannah15usannah morris lWilliamwilliam lewsey

1845 1846 anne bearbeerbeanrear wessepessedessejesse bachelor harriet benson mary chalmers willmer benson caroline cox william booth 0 1 returned to london I1 mary anne mitchell davis cp 1852 carol charmanchanmaninecharmaninei ne 18ulielmooulielmosangiovannisangiovannisangiovenni cp 1852 george charman susannah rogers sangiovanni CRcg 1852 henry franklin lElizabethelizabethlelizabethaelizabeth daniels 143 edward osbourne wilhiamiwilliamawilliamwil1iam morris cp 8621864 elizabeth richardson isarah15arahjsarah A morris cp 1 8621862 james richardson henrietiharrietuharrietharriet morgan caulteroaulterOaul ter mary stevenson jr mary stevenson sr edward taylor cp 1848 george silvester mary silverster anne linford endowment in nauvoo robert linford endowment in nauvoo

1847 1848 thomas bates I1 rebecca brooks henry crump ljamesijamesdamesjames brooks henry crump jr cp damesijamesljamesjames brooks jr rebecca crump cp damesijamesjames pailingpalling cp 8551855 rebecca crump jr cp lanneianneanne morgan pallingpailing cp 1855 anne franklin ijemimajemima smith james franklin I1 emma smith elizabeth joiner ijesseejessee smith henryjoinerhenry dolnerjoiner d crossing plains dohnijohnjohn mitchell margaret joiner icarolineacarolinecaro1inepouuerpoulter cp 1 8541854 william birch 19 williamwiiliamwiiiiamiwilliamawilliam poulter cp 8541854 anne tucker jelizabethI1 elizabeth arnold

1849 1850 elijah booth d missouri IEE ellen banks cp 8501850 elizabeth booth d missouri dohnijohnjohn banks XO argo cp 8501850 esther booth cp 1851 albentialbertaalbertalbert bond md anne margetts cp 8531853 harriet booth cp jalice margetts cp 8531853 henry booth d missouri lanneianneanne margetts cp 8531853 john booth cp1851cp 1851 1 henry margetts cp 8501850 nathaniel booth cp phillipphlilip margetts r miss cp 8501850 richard booth d missouri I1 richard margetts cp 8531853 jgeorgejoeorgegeorge staples cp 8501850 claude clive cp I1 capt by indians charlotte clive cp thomas biggs cp syrena percy biggs cp robert biggs anne parsonspersons

1851 1 1fir71852 james staples sr cp 1851 iberrellbernebenneBerreberre1111 covington sr cp 1852 jean rio griffiths baker cp 1851 elizabeth covington sr cp 1852 T homasthomas margetts r missm iss cp 1851 elizabethE I1 izabeth covcovingtoni agtonngton jrJr cp 1852 margettstmargettsT killed by indians robert hodgert cp r miss cp 185418641854 1864 william booth cp idaneijanedanejane fenn hodgert cp 1854 ijohndohnjohn peter schieb cp 8521852 icatherinacathengathergatheninaschiebina schieb cp 1852 15arahsarah staples cp 1852

1853 1 1854 james henefer cp I1 robert farfarleyearleyearean ley cp 1856 144 sarah hulks henefer cp damesijamesljamesjames hill cp 1854 frederick piercy ret london ijemimajemima powers hill cp 1854 sarah5aaarahnah ford oliver samuel oliver william west lthomasthomas poulter cp 1854 mary westwesstweastweant icarolineacarolinecaroline poulter cp 1854 henry savage cp 1854 lcharleschariescharles poulter ret to london sarah savage cp 1854

1855 I18561856 handcarthandcarteartcant traggtraggdiestragediesdies Rchardchandrichardi caffecaffellI1 I1 cp wiiliamwiiiiamlwilliamawilliamlWilliamwi11iam binder cp 8561856 henry covington cp jelizabethelizabeth crump binder cp 8561856 mary anne taylor merrett cp 1859 benjamin james beer cp 8561856 john thomas merrett d st louis 1858 1 margaret beer cp 8561856 william fowler to new jersey I1 george jarvdarydarvisjarvisis not handcart cp 8601860 eliza gipp fowler to new jersey lannejanneanne PJP arvisjarvisijarvispjarvis not handcart cp 1860 irebeccaorebeccarebecca franklin cp 56 not WM jelizabethelizabeth martin cp 1856 jdaviddavid B lairlatrblair cp 1856 ideborahdeborah blair cp 1856 I1 henry bradley cp I1 marybradleymarymany bradley cp damesiiamesijamesjames brooks cp robentnobertirobertarobertrobert clifton d cross plains I11 mary matildamelimalimeti idalda clifton cp 1856 1 rebeccaC cliftonI1 i ftonafton cp 1856 theophilusitheophilus william cope d cross plains ijohnjohn griffiths d cross plains elizabethjelizabeth griffiths cp 1856 samuel jervis d crossing plains iameliajervisamelia dervisjervis cp 1856 elizabethjelizabeth jervis cp 1856 I1 robert blacket cp 5656notwmnot WN deleanorjeleanorjEleanoreleanor blacket cp 56 not WM lannejanneanne ballanbaibal an cp 56 not WNWM wiiliamwiiiiamlwilliamawilliamlWilliamwilliam ballan cp 56notwm56 not WN elizebethizabethelizabethE I1 taylor cp 1856 robert taylor cp 1856 ljohnajohndohnjohn I1 cooper cp 1856

1857 emigrationem iqrationiqrationnationnatton discouraged due to johnsons army and civicivilclylI1 war 1858 george blacket cp

emigration crossincrossinaocQ oceancean date uncertainenrunrprtftin AlfrealfredaifredalfredddJJ baibalballamam wanepanedanejane manseimanselmenselmansell cp 1868186 8 mary anne ballambaibal iamlam cp aft 1873 1 henry mansellmanseI1 cp 1868186 8 william birch sr to st louis lgeorgegeorge margetts cp aft 1860 mary anne birch to st louis awilliam1williamwiiliamwilliamwiiiiam mills cp 18187070 anne brooks lwilliamawilliamlWilliamwilliamwiiliamwiiiiam milo cp aft 1872 elizabeth brooks icharleslcharleschariescharleschanles nowland william caffel cp I1 edward nowland edward covington cp jelizabethelizabeth nowland susan covingtoncovcoyington cp 1864 jgeorgej3eorgegeorge nowland susannah covington md josiah cp ikatherineakatherinekatherine nowland 145 william caffalcaffall cp jaaronaaaronaaron painter jr cp 1864 MA chapman 15abinasabina cowdrey painter d wyo cp 1864 annewhitbydellanne whitby delldeildeli cp 1875 mary james fridaypriday cp 1863186 william S dell cp 1875 15amuelsamuel fridaypriday cp 1863 oeorgebceorgeoeorgebiairblairblainlairlainiain ely cp 1862 jelizabethelizabethelizebeth punday cp 1862 anne fenemore co 1862 15amuelsamuel purdevpurdey cp 1862 william fenemore co 1866 lharrietuharrietlHarrietharriet osbourne robinson cp 1866 deromejjeromesjeromejerome lagdon robinson IPI1 P 1866 kesia franks cp 1868 david shortenchorten3horten cp aft 1856 mary ann grimsdell cp in SL 63 harriet woodyear shorten cp aft 1856 william orimsdellgrimsdell cp inslin 51 63 charieslcharlescharleswestCharles west cp aiicealicealicehodgertholmeshodgert holmeshoimes cp aft 1871 1 rhodaowenrhoda owen cp 1868 samuel holmes cp aft 1871 lWjwilliamilliam david owen cp 1868 phoebe hulks CD 1889 1 williewi llie martin handcart companies

soon after the first baptisms in london it is seen that the saints began to emigrate to zion in a slow trickle the dates in the chart headings generally represent the approximate dates that they left london most traveled with younger family members who if also listed by name would greatly increase the final number of london mormon converts from this period to migrate yearly dates may not be exact inasmuch as most were found in london membership records some members did not leave england proper until a later time they may have stopped temporilytemporily in liverpool A small cp crossed plains has been placed after the name of a convert if he or she were subsequently located in the utah territory if a date for crossing the plains has been located that date is also added As can be seen 212 of the basic 400 members eventually emigrated to america this is 53 percent of the membership of that number 128 of 212 or 60 percent emigatedemigratedemigated further into the utah territory often this writer learns through additional study or an interview with a descendant family member the name of another of the original converts who emigrated some single women from the london period began the trip to zion according to london membership records but it is possible that they married along the way and continued the trek west under another name in addition others 146 emigrated after traveling to different parts of england and the british isles so we may not have their record some members who might have come to america died before the trek began it is not always possible to learn exactly when each convert emigrated therefore those with unknown dates are listed together at the end of the chart 147

APPENDIX V

london convert members included in the willie martin handcart companies of 1856

combarcomparcompanacompanvnv name birthratebirthdateBirthdate baptismal date death Plainsononplains willie cope theophilus william 8311831 20 marmanmar4141 7 nov 56 martin beer benjamin james 8121812 20 jan 44 beer margaret 8121812 17 jan 48 pres binder william LS 8321832 13 novnov4747 binder eliza crump 8321832 birdrindbirdjhomaspthomas P 8381838 bittonbittonjohnevingtondohnjohn evington 8301830 BbittonjaneBittoi ttonatonnJanedanejane 8361836 bitton sarahsarahsS 8391839 pres blair david 1810 aug42rugaug 42 blairbiair deborah 1816 aug42rugaug 42 3 children one infant Ppresresnes bleak james oodsongodson 1829 bleak elizabeth moore 1828 3 small sons I1 infant daughter bridge alfred 1831 nov 56 pres clifton robert 1806 2jun442 dunjun 44 nov 56 clifton mary M blanchard 1810 2 jun 44 clifton rebecca 1835 7 jun 44 clifton sophia 1843 clifton ann 1849 Ppresres griffiths john 10 nov 56 griffiths elizabeth 1826 2 sons john and herbert die on plains nov56nov 56 2 daughters harper mary 1792 haydock elizabeth 1811 haycockhaydockheydock mary 1835 pres jervis samuel 25 mar 44 novnov5656 jenisjemisjervis amelia johnston e1ea izabethelizabetheilzabeth weaver 1806 jones sarah bradshaw 1801 jones samuel 1837 JonedonejonesalbertdonesjonessaibertalbertalbentsAlbert 1839 lawley george 1801 read samuel george 8071807 read elizabeth 0 quilley 8051805 rodwe11johnrodwell dohnjohn 8011801 rodwel I1 sarah 7971797 shorten john bussey 8361836 shorten james 8421842 148

one of the most tragic events in mormon history resulted from the questionable judgementjudgement of the leaders of the williew11 lie martinmart in handcart companies of 1856 who chose to leave 5tat louis to walk across the plains to the utah territory far too late in the year As a result of early november snowstormssnow storms the trek included starvation and death it was startling for this writer to discover that six members and their children from the london conference were among the victims that died most of the adult men re- presented families which had joined the church duringduning the woodruffsnowwoodruff5nowWoodruff Snow period and they had been active members for up to fifteenf ifteen years members of the handcart companies were generally without enough financial means for adequate equipment or supplies

cope clifton griffiths and jervis who died on the trip allali311 served as missionaries and priesthood leaders in the london conference robert clifton was president of the tottenham stoke newington and whitechapel branches griffiths served as president of woolwich and deptforddepthfordDept ford branches jentsjenisjervis was president of the battersea and dover branches binder blair and bleak also served as presidents however they did not lose their lives on the trek cope may have been a son of the original convert by the same name representing generational conversion robert hodgert in his missionary journal mentions theophilus william cope as being in england later than 18561556 so it might be assumed that the theophilus william cope from london who died in wyoming was a son alfred bridge died on the plains according to a james godson bleak letter seesee appendix V sources for this chart come from the inderindorindextodekindoeindov to thetaetoe wilbawilbywrayY ziyamartnnartnrtii7 hah3handcartndc3rt company of 18566-156 compiled by susan ward easton and the roster of cap martins co in the journal hihistorystorlqtorl of ttheP church deseret news report printed 30 nov 1856 149

APPENDIX VI james godson bleak letters to london 10

james godson bleak was the president of the whitechapel branch of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints he and his wife elizabeth and four infant children were with the group who emigrated from london just in time to be included with the martin handcart company of 1856 four priesthood leaders and members of their families from the london area either froze or starved to death bleak survived the trip and lived until 1918 following is a paragraph from his obituary two letters which he wrote to his in laws and friends back in london are also included they show the attitude of many who migrated from london either they had great unquestioning faith or they did not want the folks back home to know how bad things really were

james godson bleak obituary st george washington county utah

james G bleak died at his home in this city january 30 1918 of the infirmities of old age deceased was born in london england 15 nov 1829182 he joined the church of jesus christ of latter day saints when about 24 years of age and for some time previous to leaving for america was president of the whitechapel branch of the british mission he was married when about 19119 years old to elizabeth moore in 1856 he with his wife and four children left their native land for utah they were of the handcart company that crossed the plains in the winter of 1856 and suffered great hardships mr sleyfleakgleyglegk bab3havingv117g bshisbisb1s feet so bab3badjybadaydlyadly frozen that thetabtae flesbfreshfjesh dropped from hiss beels the effects of walcawhichwajca hebe felt until the emy agua endeodemr of otsoesS d3dadaasdaysYS oishisolsIVSaosavs good witewife 13oadhadd to 13oabhauoaoagurul him8177 in7 00the p3panyc3rthandcart as hepe couly17otcoundcoujd ootnot waiewaikwalkwy IA italics added on arriving in utah they made their home in salt lake city until 1861 when they were called to settle in dixie and they arrived in st george among the first pioneers in 1861

10jame510 james oadwi781eoodson bleakak family recnccrecardrecordard reproduced by the bleak family organization 198011980 family history library 150

letters

iowa city july 24th 1856 beardear father and mother actually inm laws

we make use of the present opportunity to let you know how we have fared thus far on our journey we had a vergvery pleasant journey of 34 days across the atlantic betsy was not sea sick at all and I1 was sea sick one day the children were all vergvery healthy with the inceptionenceptioneticeptionenception of james who had the measles on board rtaltfat present all the children enjoy most ehcellentencellenttencellentenceilentellent health as well as ourselves we have traveledtraueled upward of seventeenseuenteen hundred miles by railway to this place most of the way in first class carriage with stuffed seats covered with crimson silk velvet which was vergvery acceptable as we had to sleep 5 nights in the carriages our provisionprouisionslon on ship board and during our land journey heuehave been of the vergvery best quality and in such abundance that we have not been able to use more than one half of the quantity allowed to us ilielifeilfewe have fared a wonderful deal better than I1 ehpectedenpectedexpected in this respect this is certainly a most beautiful country the climate is hotter at present than in england but agrees with us all first rate we are aeryuery brown for the last fortnight we have been living in a tent in camp we expect to start on the plains tomorrow we have getyet to travel thirteen hundred miles before we reach home the testimony of us both is that we like hormonismHormormonismumormonismumormonism better than euerever and we would like all that we respect on the earth to be engaged in the same good cause ifI1 f you know any one who thinks of coming to america tell them to come to the western states and not to stay in the eastern cities as wageswayes are much better in the west than in the east and living is also cheaper in this state laborers get 424.2 a day mechanic get 636.3 a daywedagdaydarwe we shall write again when we reach the calleguallegualley give our love to all brothers and sisters and inquires

james 0fr elizabeth bleak 151

great salt lake city wednesday december ard3rd 1856 dearbear father and mother inlawinm law I1 shall suppose you habe received our letter gluing the particulars of our seasee & part of our land buoyageuogageuoyage therefore I1 shall say nothing but what relates to our journey across the plains and our reception in this city lifeilfeilaewe left a place called iowa city on the istI1 st of august and arriuedarfluedarrived in this city on last sunday the 30th of novemberNou theember distance being 1300 miles lifewelije should not bauehaue been so long performing the journey but we were detained on the road in consequence of the snow falling considerably the latter part of our journey thejhbZAe ssceneryritaPry sacrossrress tthee elvinseivinsplainsplivilffs isis citrtaialcertaintyv nonoinetnotI1 totv bedipdep surpassed lifeilfewe saw the prairie on fire seueralseveral times and consider it one of the grandest sights in nature while the weather was fine we had an abundance of excellenteitcellent plums and grape which grow wild in the woods also cherries and gooseberriesgooseberries small but of a nice flauorflavorflagor our health as a general thing has been aeryuery good becky has enjoyed better health on the whole of the journey than she did at home mary is rather poorly at present and I1 hauebaue my feet frostbitten in conseconsequenseconsequencequense of which I1 am not able to do any thing like work and do not expect to be able for at least two months but thank god I1 am consoled to know that neither my wife or children will not want for any thing neither will they have to apply anywhere for relief lifewe are in a room by ourselvesourselues and are liberally supplied with food and firing which treatment will continue until I1 am able to work but of course no longer do not understand that I1 am running in debt and that I1 shall hauebaue to pay when I1 get well such is not the case what is supplied to us is given not trusted at the same time I1 believe this to be about the worst place for idle or lazy people to come to R young man named bridge or baker that came out with us died on the plains also a young woman named barge you may remember seeing at our house she was vergvery deaf also died the old lady named johnson the weaveress is aliuealluealive and well and has enjoyed vergvery good health all the way with the exception of seasicknesssea sickness when you receive this return an answer as soon as possible so that we may know you haueheuebauehave received it safely then by the time we receive yours we shall be able to write you more particulars about this place direct to james bleakbieakl1leak great salt lake city utah territory U S R doon not pay postage giuegivegldegide our loueloveiove to our brothers and sisters and all inquirers your affectionate son and daughter james and elizabeth bleak 152

APPENDIX vilVIIVI I1 descendant persistence family group records

following are the names of london mormon converts for whom a family group rrecordrenordrd has been located in the patron section of the family history library or has been provided by a descendant member of a family to this researcher the fact such records are available indicates both emigration and descendant activity individuals listed with deathth dates in england were ancestors of members who later emigrated emigration date is usually to the utah territory

convert 1 spouse I1 emi datepate 1 final address ashley elizabeth wamespamesdamesjames atherton I1 I1 baibalballamiam alfred son hester summerhays I1 logdenjogdenbogden weber utah beer benjamin margaret beer 118561856 saitisaltsalt lake city utah beer margaret JBenjaminbenjaminbenjeminjbenjamin 118561856 sait15altsalt lake city utah biggs thomas syrena percy 118491849 1 lehi arizona binder william L S belizajelizaeliza crump camp 118561856 saitisaltsaatsa1t lake city utah bishopB i shop aiicealiceA ice lthomasthomas margetts 118501850 isalt15altjsalt lake city utah blackett robert deleanorjeleanorJEleanoreleanor mitchell 118561856 1 nephinephiju9butahjuab utah Blackettblackett george I1 hannah smithson 11857857 1 nephijuabutahnephi juab utah blanchard mary martha I1 robert clifton 11856856 iso150socottonwdslutcottonedcottonwdCottonwd slut5lutblut booth john elizabethjelizabeth davis 11849849 isalt15altjsalt lake city utah booth esther jane lwilliamawilliamlWilliamliliamwilliamwiiliamwiiiiam bell 11849849 ilavailayalavalaya hot springs id booth william 1 sarah lowe 11851851 ikaysvilleutahjkaysville utah butler hannah lthomasthomasthombs poulter 11854854 lcarsonlcarlsoncarson city nevada caffallrichardrichandirichardarichard john I1 maryanneoibsonmarymany anne oi bsonabson 11880880 sait15altsalt lake city utah candland david I1 several wives 11844844 jmtamtmt pleasant utah chapman eliza 15amuelsamuel punday 118621862 1 ogdenogdenutahutah clifton robert I1 mary martha blanchard 118561856 lonionon plains wyoming civediveclive charlotte maudeclaude clive 118491849 sait15altsalt lake city utah clive claude icharlottescharlottechariotte clive 118491849 saitisaltsalt lake city utah cole sarah jwmcwmwm warner major sr 118481848 spring15pring city Ssutahutah cooper phillisphi 11 is ljohnajohndohnjohn west inonenone blondonjlondonJLj ondonlondon england covington berrill sr jelizabethelizabeth hodges 118521852 6al1atindavismssr16allatindavismssr covington edward lemmajemmaemmapickeringEmma pickeringpickening 118561856 saitsalt lake city utah cowdry sabrina laaronaaronaanon painter sr I1 I1 evanston wyoming crump camp eliza lwilliamawilliamlWilliamwilliam L 5 binder 118561856 saitisaltsaatsa1t lake city utah crump henry jr lemmaadamslEmmaemma adams 118471847 ifillmore utah davis elizabeth ljohnajohndohnjohn booth inonenone 15tst louis missouri dell william lannejanneannewhitbyputtickwhitby puttick 118751875 saitisaltsalt lake city utah griffiths john I1 margaret griffiths 118561856 lonionon plains wyoming griffiths margaret ijohndohnjohn griffiths inonenone jwoolwichwoolwich london orimsdellgrimsdell wm chrischrls fred I1 mary anne smith 11863863 sait15altsalt lake city utah henefer james isarahsarah hulks 11853853 1 henefer utah hillhilihi I1 I1 james wemimagemimajemima power 11852852 isalti saltsait lake city utah Hhodges elizabeth jberrillJBerrillberrill covington sr 11852852 0gdenogdenlogdenbogden weber utah Hhodgertrt robert ijanedanejane fenn 11852852 jprovoprovo utah utah hodgertH rtrtagnesstagnesagnes 15amuelsamuel holmes 11871871 saitisaltsalt lake city utah holmes samuel lagnesagnes hodgert 118711871 1 salt lake city utah holt sarah I1 nathaniel jenkins 118441844 15tst louis missouri 153

convert spouepouspouse emi date 1 finalfinai address hulks sarah ljamesijamesdamesjames henefer 118531853 i henefer utah huntjaneHunt Jane I1ihenrymansellhenryhenny mansell 118481848 lkaysvillekaysvi11eutahutah james mary samueesamue1 fridaypriday 118631863 sait15altsalt lake city utah daasdamsjamsjarvis george lanneanne prior 118601860 15tst george utah jenkins caroline geneva ijohndohnjohn william dutson 118571857 saitjzaltsalt lake city utah denkinsjenkins nathaniel isarahjsarahsarah holt 118571857 15tst louis missouri lampard hannah maria lwilliamawilliamlWilliamwilliamwiiliamwiiiiamwatkins 118521852 113righambrighamcityutahcity utah limbrick sarah wamespamesdamesjames staples 118521852 saitisalt1saltsalt lake city utah major william warner sr 1 sarah coles 118421842 1 london england major william warner jr aellen1ellenelleneilenelien meed 11842842 1 pringspring city utah manselmanseimanse henry lianedanejane hunt 11848848 akay1kaykaysvnieutahville utah margetts george wanepanedanejane hal 1 11860860 chicagolchicago illinois margetts henry I1 elizaeilzaelizaclaytonclayton 11850850 bearibearabear lake idaho margetts phillipphiilipphiliip lElizabethelizabeth bateman 11850850 saitisaltsalt lake city utah margetts richard bishop lCatherinecatherinelcatherineacatherine sumner 11850850 sait15altsalt lake city utah merritt john thomas mary anne taylor 11855855 15tst louis missouri miles john henry william mary jane wyatt 2and2ndnd wifew i fe inonenone 1515urreysurreyurrey england mills william mary anne waller 118701870 1 kantshnkanoshmi11ardutahKanTshN i I1 lardutahlarlaniandUtah milo william iannejanneanne key osborne 118721872 jemerylemeryemery emery utah mitchelmitchellmitcheli eleanorieleanordeleanor I1 robert CcbiackettB lackett 118561856 1 nephinephijuabutahjuab utah moss rhoda lwilliamawilliamlWilliamwilliam david owen 118681868 saitisaltsalt lake city utah osborneosborneannekeyanne key awilliam1williamwilliam milo inonenone london england osborne mary harriet jjeremiahdjeremiahderemiahjeremiah lagdon robinson 118661866 beaver utah owen william david I1 rhoda moss 118681868 saitisbitsalt lake city utah painter aaron sr 15abrina15abrinasabrinacowdrySabrina cowdry inonenone 150130so hamps england painter aaron jr I1 I1 113earlakebearlakeidahoidaho poulter thomas jhannahhannah butler 118541854 lfranklinbfranklinjfranklinlFjFranklin idaho poulter william icarolineacarolinecaroline rubbelstruebelstrubbelStrubstrubbellSt bell 118541854 ogden weber utah power demjemjemimai ma ljamesjjamesdamesjames hillhili 118541854 saitisaltsalt lake city utah power sarah I1 henry savage 11853 1 payson utah fridaypriday samuel I1 mary james 118631863 sait15altsalt lake city utah orAnnePripriorannepriorprion anne lgeorgegeorge jarvis 118601860 15tst george utah punday samuel I1 EelizaI1 iza chapman 118621862 ogden weber utah puttickannewhitbyputtick anne whitby idelldelldeildeli william 118751875 ProvidenjprovidenceprovidencecceCC utah robinson jerome lagdon I1 mary harriet osborne 118661866 beaver utah savage henry I1 sarah power 118531853 payson utah scheibscheibjohnpierreJohnPierredohnjohn pierre catharina weinmann 118521852 13altsaitsalt lake city utah shorten david I1 harriet woodyear 118561856 1 ogdenutahogden utah 5mamsmithsmtthith mary anne lwilliamawilliamlWilliamwilliam orimsdellgrimsdell 118631863 sait15altsalt lake city utah smith samuel I1 mary anne linesL i nbsnes 118501850 brigham113righam city utah staples george I1 lauraette rappleye 11850 1elsinoreelsinore syr utah staples james isarahsarah limbrick 118511851 isaltsaitsalt lake city utah taylor edward 15arahsarah turner 118481848 1 salt lake city utah taylor mary anne ijohndohnjohn thomas merritt 118551855 isaltsaitsalt lake city utah waller mary anne lwilliamawilliamlWilliamwilliamwiiiiam mills 118701870 lownogden weber utah watkins william lhannahelhannahhannah maria lampard 11852 brigham113righam city utah watkins william lampard I1 teah johnson 11852 brigham113righam city utah weinmann catharina ljohnajohndohnjohn pierre scheib 11852 saitisaltsalt lake city utah woodyear harriet I1 david shorten 11856 lownogdenutahOgden utah west charles henry john I1 elizadangerfieldeliza dangerfield I1 saitisaltsaatsa1t lake city utah west john jphillisJPphihillis11 is cooper I1 none blondonjlondonJLondonlondon england wyatt mary jane imilesamilesmiles john henry william I1 jpriceapriceprice carbon utah 154 155

APPENDIX VIII

information abbreviations and FHLC call numbers these sources and abbreviations are to be use wiwithth appendix VIII information and abbreviations a namesmames listed include membersmeirmeinmernbers through 1845 g FGRAfgrasfamilyfamily group record b all year dates in 1800s h eldeeidee1d61derlderider c rblremovedrblsremoved by letter i fhlcsfamityFHLC family history library d c6cutloscutcoscut off j GLCglcgenea1ogygenealogy library catalog e xocrossedxoscrossedXO Crossed ocean kic rbprebaptir8prebaptism f XPxpcrossedcrossed plains 1 emiemigratedemisemiEmi Emigratedgrated london branch records 1840451840 45 otherothersourcessources include

LCLQI london conference number 1841 FHL 087014 MS millenialmiltenialmillennialmiiMil lenialtenial star RH maryleboneMaryl ebone branch 1842 FHL 087018087.0180879018 jwjwwj wilfordwitwilwll ford woodruff journals T theobalds road branch 1843 FHL 087036 WLWA willinwilliam L watkins autobiography mon YV F finsburyainsburyFinsbury branch 1842 FHL 086086998086.9989 8 S S easton MormonnonsmormansmormonsMonnonsmons to 1848- 35 I1 london city branch 1841 FHL 087013087.013 LSJ lorenzo snow journallettersJournal Letters P poplar branch 1841 FHL 087028087.02801370280137.028 FH family history mwmemoirsirs journal W woolwich branch 1841 FHL 087039087.0390879039 0 other sources UHWN whitechapel branch early frufwuphuFHLPHL 018038018.038 NC conformistnonconfomistnonconformistmonconformistnonMon records CR manuscript hist BM HHOD cftnhcf4nh 5006 volvoiyolyoi 1 1841 london census

1841 london census family history libralibrary catalog call numbersMuntoers FHLCFHLQ

Qi 1 Finsfinsburyainsburybury visiondivision 107659 I 438176438776438.776 107660 438777438.777 107661 438778438.778 107662 438779438.779 107663 438779438.779 107664 171 7 438780438.780 8468 46 438781438.7814313781 107665 438782438.782 finsburyainsburyFinsbury visiondivisionOi st lukes 107666 1 43137133438 783 107667 438783438.783 107668 438784 Oi finsburyainsburyFinsbury visiondivision stoke newington 107669 0 0 0 438784438.784 Oi green tower hamlets visiondivision church bethal 0 107691 438807438.807

NC nonconformist parish records familyfnanily history library call numbers FHLC

F .1238605 upper street inindependentnt church lingtonIsillingtonislington cong 82531923825319825.319 23223.233 0 0 0 printout 1238605 duncan street irvingitelingtonIsillington islington methodist F 825319825319825.319 printoutpr i stoutntout 1238605.1238605 newnan street catholic apostolic st maryleboneMaryl ebone F 825327 printout 1037086.1037086 OF gloucester independent shorditchShorditch F 825321825.321 0 0 printout 1037086.1037086

F 0 i 0 .933966 finsburyFinsPinsainsburypinsburybury st luke tabernacle 0 0 597086597.0865970186597.0186 0 0 prprintoutntautnutaut 933966933906 bethealbethnal green ind 0 0 0 0 F 597083597.083 printout 10370621037092.1037062 .1238620 poplar ind several 0 0 F 825328 printout 12386201238620 156

APPENDIIAPPENDIX II11IX

LOMONLOMOOM MORPONSMORMONS 184018451840.1845

LC branch sambnamemame age bap addresses baatbapt by nhomhawhonhomwhom church grationemigrationEini occueoccup eng birthphbirthplace birth status XO occueoccup anam Deathdeathplaceplace death XP other inf

135 HTLMTL adams mary 60

RTLOMTLO albion janesjames 9 1212spencerSpencer PIpl 23 janaljan4ljan41 elder ind preacher

CR goswell rd CO 42 carpenter

finsburyainsburyFinsbury ptPL CO 45 marriage witness

for son and S lardent

not in 1841 census presprespros skinner st br 44 herts 45145 UWWW jaljmljrnl 14141 45

son 3 albion death 791924 london his rec 6 sesepP 50 whiWM cook eld 50 menkerpenberpengerRE Islingtonillingtonislington br50

0 albion mary 9 12 spencer P 2841 kigalikimball housewihousewife fe

not bohbomborn WUWW jrnarnjrni

london 107660 232 3 cierClerclerkenwellclertcenwellkenwell Finsfinsburyainsburybury

0 albion susanna 20 9129 12 spencer P 1841 woodruff CO 41 dressmaker

not born goswellgoewegoswe I1 I1 young UWWW jhaijrnanna I1

london 107660 232 3 clerkenwellClerkenwell Finsfinsburyainsburybury

co W alfred wnWM 31 2 power st 1443 griffith deacon 11144 name in pike alfredaifredalfrod woolwich

W alfred eliza 23 2 powerpomerr st 1443 alfredalfrod

LC london conference 184111341 london census 10766 source XO crossing ocean XP crossing plains 157

LC branch name age bapaap addresses baatbaptt by whom church aalaniSaiemigrationgrationgratton 0cOCCURac eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup am deatoeatholaceI1 ace othdeath XP other inf

151 T AallenalienailenI1 ienlenion james 22 5 thawsthamsthomasthumas st 91442 snow elder

allan sadler wells CO 51 name on I1ateratarlatarlater

rbrob recordsrecoros& rdsads 5060

152 T AallanalianI1 ianlan ntryilaryfiaryplarynarymary 22 5 thomas st 91442 snow

sadler wellsmelts ciocloCO 51 salhalhamnannam anon I1aterlaterleterteter

rebrob iwcutul itnirta

155 TL alalienarienarlenienlenion sarah gt sutSuttsuttonwoodmuttonwoodonwood1 st

clercierClorclorkenwellclerirenmellkenwell

0 alallgood1 ui 10 king st

married borough uwWW jm

wife sis of turley GAQA smispisaithsalthsmithth notes

I1so150 mT arnold eillelimelizab 40 5 russell PIpl 3943 lewsey 21848 servant fitzroyF i teroytzroy PI nauvoo social 28 sandwich st hishi storyM MIHT athertonelizabatherton elElizabi zab 32 13 quicksetQuicksetsot rawrowrom 44 lewsey XO confectionerconfectiConfectconfectsi

ashley newmew road no 1850 no amtjmtbadtbaot in 1841 accdacad to descendant sandwich st burton crescent no 1850 ut

NTMT atherton jansjamsjames 29 13 quickset row 542 lewsey beacondeacon confectioner

newmew road

COCD 48

169 bachelor jesse 47 46 uperftosaman 645 EH bavisoavisdavi s 14846 fumishlronfurnishlron

ciecleclerlrenwellk 11 inno 1850 imm etc

no 1850 ut 158

LC branch namemame age bap addresses baatbapt by whom church emigration occueoccupengoccup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccupamoccup am PeathDeathdeathplacepeathplaceplace death XP other inf

170 THTM balding robert 48 8 baltic st nov 41 snow elder watchcaseftkerwatchcasehakerWatchCasehekerHakermeker

S 1793 old st lukes

d ensandengland 102449

171 HTMT baldingsusannaBalding Susanna 40 8a baltic st 1141 snow RBL 50

S 1801 old st lukes

married

1781718 twhewh ballam altaitalf J 28 george st 10445 navisbavisdavis elder son emiam gardner

S 122916 RBL 48 d england

marriedrriedaried 16849 hackney son FGRA

LC twhewh ballamraryanneballamharyanne 36 george st 171146 crump 18571873185771873

S wilson hackney altatt nottinhillNottinhill

married FGRA

182 T ballanbalbat iantan anne kingsland rd rouROL 47 emi

levingstonlemingstonLemingston XP 1856

SL unwe ballanbaibat iantan family xp1856XP 1856 capt vnwn SB hodgett ox train

181 T ballon william 2829 kingsland rd 9 may 45 hedlockbedlockhedlock A elder aniemi watchmatchmatchmakerwatchmakerrukerbukerouker

uardward CO 45 1856 ibm1860 cen 3000acr

hiimiimilleniahillenialHil lenial star ip 32 XP son charles 17 dau sarah anne 8 lathl7th17th ward

WP banker john 37 11144

WP banker sally 30 king street 12942 11144

WP banker williamwllwit iianilanlion 28 2 rectory place 10442 elder

S woolwich 159

LC branch nannamname age bapsap addresses baatbapt by whom church emigration occueoccup eng birthplace bibirthrth status XO occueoccup avAR oeatholacedeattqlace death XP otherinfotherineotherinf

190 T banks eellen 2526 25 tonbridgetombridgeTonbridge st 10442 7150 neighbor of

S yorkshire newnowmewmow road F pipiercyercy

md nee kindal 16 hastings

89 T banks john 34 25 tonbridgetombridgeTonbridge st 9841 PP pratt H pr 7150 stonecutter

S lancashirelancashwancash i re new rd cap 1856 wagon train

d 16 hastingsHastinos st london conference prespros horrisitemorrisitenorrimorrisineHorriMorri site

W batessates eleanor 33 6 greenhillgimm hi I1 1 12041 taylor

S woolwich bates

W bates richard 33 6 greenhill 12041 kimball elder missionary

S hissmiss woolwich br

enenglandland death 12444 president

048 T bates thomas 33 17 drury ln 12045 cope 121047

S 1812 also theobalds

7 ailialixallyaily enchurchfrenchurchFr

128 LTHLTM bear anne 42 1841

S

129 turtumTLRTLM bear anne jr 24 1842 10545

S

183 TH beer benj 3sejsease 31 173 drury ln 12044 cope teachrteache 1856 PainterpainterpaperPaper

s london 18121912 6 pitt st 11748 banks elder 1856 ship horihorlhorizon

SLC fitzroy sqaq son importantimportantoctant utah physicianPhysicicin 181856 martin co

27 little camden vwbimmfrrrifarri inr Somerssomerstownscmerstownsamerstonntown branch 160

LC branch mmnarienabiemarte age bapsap addresses baatbapt by whenwhanwhonwhom church emigration ococcueoccup eng birthplace bibirthrthruh status XO occueoccup an deatmlaceoeathoiace death XP otherinf

HTT bebelanyI1 any francifranclfranciss 64 16 lonerlower ash zlyziy143143 booth felRBLFML 46 boot mairermeirer

for UWWW iinn 84514545

active in 1850s WW ihiimi 2p 55655

074 belaney we CO 45

active in 1850s

T bennett jane 89 francis st 92244

oiloiioli011 tigTW benson harriet 7 dukeduice sirstr 52242 lewsey 10445 emi with

S westminster jenkins

010 tiittoTMTOO benson willbarwilloarwit in 770ulcestroukeduke str 14 aarapr 42 snow eiderelder 10445 police office

S westminster worker

president theoTheatheabaldstheobaldsbalds rdfrd combinedConteconee ined 1844

W biggs robert 22 woolwich 27 aug 45 grigriffithsffi thsohs 26 oct 49

S scotland 1823

america

W biggs syrinaftrcy22syrinapercy22 woolwich 24 harmar 48 griffithsgri ffi thsohs 26 oct 49

S portportsmoutha 11th hamp 1826 cp colonist to

jtsucSLC sister of F piercy lehi arizona

KUKW biggs thmasthoaasthonas 33 woolwich 24 narmar 48 griffithsgri ffi thsohs eldrel dr 26 oct 49 boibolboilermalrerI1 rmakeramaker

S scotland leis1815 cp colonist JsucSLC FGRA workedmonred on rrenqrrenerrenqineerstoreteeeperi neerstorw z r 161

LC branch fiameflambplame agebapage bap addresses baatbapt ilyBY church emigration occueoccup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup heAR deatgdeangoeatholacelace deathodathobeth XPXIP otherOtherlotherlnfnfinf

LC XT bibinderadernder wibilliuilliI1 I1 larlanianJ 24 Pentpentonvilleonville 13 nmwr 47 suthrld elder 1856 baker marylmaryinarymaryI1

S haryleboneHarylmarylebonemaryiMaryl ebone 1832 reb date 1856 horizon 1870 c carp

SLC utah preslpresiident laethlantoethLantbaethoeth br 1855 1856 martin handcart offuofficerr blackhawk war mission to london 1871

LC XTNT binderelizaBinder Eliza crump Pentpentonvilleonville early mom 1856

S harylebonemaryleboneHarylmaryiMaryl ebone 1856 horizonhorihorl zon

SLC utah find FGRAJFGRA 1856 martin handcart

T bimhenrybirnhenryBimBirnglnn Henry 3 33 179 druryorury lane 20 jan 45 brthrton paperhangerPaperpaperhangershanger

188 TI birch fuerymary anne 2 euriopeaneurlEurieuropeanopean PI CO 49 emi to st louis

johns rowrom

possible manmem of 1independentt church 21 lower queen st son wiwilliamI1 I1 i am bap 29 cross sirstr member lintonislintonIs inton 8rabrara a shirley birch md elijah booth

049 MTI14t I1 birch willicwilliam ally frenchurchst 4 feb 42 brthrton 121047 paperhaPaperha paint

S 1819 cross st in stlouisstaouisst louislouls acdaad hodgert

13 lewis sirstr city 0martw k stoke newmew 50 tslinqtslingasling br in 1852

PW blacket eleanor 30 10 kendall st 9741 bates RBL 48 5456 hitchellmitchell

S yorkshire 1810 poplar

S nephi juab utah 1884

PWFW tiaceblaceblacfcet georgeQKN p 13 10 randall st JV81v42jv111429111429 blacket RBL 49 32857 engineer

durham 1830 poplar farmadobemikerfarmadabomaker

medhinephiwhi utah 1903 FGRA 162

LC branch hamhaqnammanmam age bap addresses baatbapt by church emigrationEmi graticgrabicxi ococcueoccup eng 8birthplacei rthpruhp I1 ace birth status xo occueoccup anAM if oaiDWIoagoeatholaceI1 am death XP etherlOtherlotherlnfotherfnfnf

P blacket RarynarymaryannAnne 10 10 randanrandall st 43 blacket

s duramdurhmdurham 1834

md pace

PW BacketachetbladcetblancetI1 robert 31 10 kendall st 83041 bates elder 4556 shipwright

s LondonlondoncolinwoolondoncollinwoodCollinwoodd 1807 poplar woolwich 1860c laborer

neonibeoninephi utah 1878 1 glentorglendor cottages FGRA

174 MTT blair david 35 28cinsihustin29cinsihustin met 8 42 benson rffieffiRMB 48 1856 soldier

S ireland westminster CO 48 elder horihorlhorizorhorizonzon

utah soroertSosorgertS roertmoertrt camden br reb prespros windsor br 71251 martin co

175 TRTM stairblair deborah 27 26 0cirnnbirnn mktmat 8EV 42 R major RBL 48 1856

S berkshire 1816 horihorlhorizochorizoni

utah rebabrebap martin co

173 HTMT blizzardfrancisBlizzardB 11 zzardazard francifranclFrancis s 62 14 adams place H 32145 davis RBL 49 hatter

high st borough rwrbernr Finsfinsburyainsburybury walworth comoncannon

172 MT blizzardrootblizzardrobtBlizzard rodtRobtRoot 58 14 adams place H 3214545 davis deacon hatter

st suffolksuffocksuffodc SOst ribuRBLRIBL 49

046 HTMT bond edward 21 11 jaresjamsjanes st 8 45 snow teacher turner

1850

md alice HarharoettsmarHaromargettsmaromarqettsgetts bond alice bond in morgan co in 1870 CP 18531953

LC T booth elijah 27 8 johns rawramrowrom JV8 41 adams 1849 clclodonalrerr

S london 181111311 st lukeslukas

d st louis homo 7749 md shirley birch 666 14 0100.10dlopiop 10 FGRAPCRA ch 163

LC branch nawnammawname age upbap addresses mptaaptampt byay church emigration occueococcup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup AM oeatholacedeatholaceDeatholace death XP OtherOtherlotherinfotherlnfotherineInfnf

LC booth elisha dnnOWNoustSt repentt

159 RTNT booth elelizabethellzabethi zabeth 51 13 hulls terrace 101741 cooperr rouROL 48 1249

S stafford davis 1793

d st loullouismoLouilouisloulslouiseosMoho 49 666 8 0 23 FGRA

180 T booth elizabeth 10 seward st

goswellGOSMCII st

leonardleawardLeonard leaward st

162 MT booth esther 11 13 hulls terrace 11844111844 davisdav i s 1249

S london 1834221834 22 Ffrederickrick

lava hotnot soSR ida 19131913stst lukes Efteftsteadharpsteadhanpsteadhampsteadstead rd edwnmdwnmd m beitbeilbellbeltgellgeil 666 8 P0230.2323 FGRA

164 RTHT booth harriet 25 skinner st jul 45 davis 1249

S london 20120 cierClerclerkenwellclertcenwellkenwell

USA 16 pec 85

KTNT booth henry 1249

S london 1812

st louis hono 49 FGRA

158 MT booth john 53 13 hulls terrace 91341 GA adam elder 1249 clociamakorcloctemalcer

counselor london brsr 47 prespros woovichuoomichwoomich br 14848

S harylebonemaryleboneHarylmaryimerylmeryiMaryl ebone 1791 RBL 48 1851 clocimkorclodamkerClodaMker

salt lake city 187311373 666 8 p 23 FGRA

RN sootheboothe arikrikristysty 24 8 johns rawramrowROM aug 414 admsadams st lukes

666 14 deidiodlopel010pioBIO 164

LC branch namnagnamemame age bap addresses baatbapttoptcopt byay church emigration OCCUR eneng9 birthplace birthgirth13 i rth status XO OCCUR am oeatholace death XP OtherotherlnfotherinfotherineOtherlInfnf

187 T booth nathaniel 13 hulls terrace an 48 49

S london

st louis 1849 666 14 D 2222122.22 FGRA

163 HTMT booth richard Is18 13 hulls terrace 91341 adams teach 1249 clockmakerclockmakcr

S london 29 skinner st RBL 49

st louislouls nomo 1849 cierclerkenwellClerclorkenwellClorkenwell 666 8 d300 30

HTMT booth sarah 0 1 51 hampstead rd 11 feb 42 snowsnomsanom faan 48 wife of weMR

S hitchelmitchelmitchell 14 land st rouROL 48 mother of MA

borough scmerstown camden town mitchelnitchell

161 booth sarah 02 16 13 hulls terrace 19 sep 41 albion RBL dressmaker

S london

160 THTM booth william 0292 30 22 frederick st 20 feb 42 snow elder watchmaker

S staffordshire 1814 RBL 48 fanner

kavsvillekaysvillemaysvilleKaysville utah 1868 1951 FGRA

THTN booth willianwilliam 811 51 hamrsteadhampstead rd snow elder b 1845 watchmaker

14 land st UWWW jm

borough p 555 returned to england

7 west st upper st harbinmartinmarttn prespros camden tn br mwberniemberawber scmerstcwnsomerstomn br

176 MTL bradley henry 23 6 onslow st IS15 jan 45 ehoavise140avis priest 41956 brushmakerBrushnaker

S 8 castle st scarlingscurlingSCurling

c1erkem11cl erkwv& I1 I1 CP 56 no FGRA

177 MTL bradley narymary IS18 6 onslcwonslawonslom st 29 liayflayplaynaymay 42 lemroylowseylemsoy I11 aarapr 56 brushmaker

S 8 castle st scarlingSCscurlingurling

ciercleeClerclerkenwellclertrenmellkenwell CPCIP 56 165

LC branch hwmalnammam age bap addresses baatbapt BY church emieraemigrationemigrationalonklon occueoccup efeng9 birthplace birth status XO OCCUPOCCUR aiAMi oeatnolaceDeathdeathplaceplace death XP 0therinfotherinf

brooksBrootes anne 12 7 clesfieldraclesfieldhaclesfieldRaHa st naymay 45 EHEN davis eniemi

london south city rd n jelizabethellzabethelizabeth 666 6624P 44.

167 TMLTHIL brooksbromksBrooirstrs elizabeth 45 7 clesfieldmaclesfieldHaMa st aug 45 crump einiem schoolmistress

not b london south city rd

anne widowwidow of hnwe 666 6 p040.44.4

165 RTLMTL brooks jansjamsjames 19 7 necclefieldmecclefield st 12 harnarmar 45 davis elder 20348 cacarpenterpa ter

london south city rd cooper james brooks captcapt7capto

SO prespros mem XP 156 clerkcleric london sr8r22 jun 50 stoke newingtonMewnemington br 666 6 242.4 56 166 NTMT brooks rebecca 12 7 clesfieldhacclesfieldmacclesfieldHacMac st 22 nov 43 20348 london south city rd

south city rd 666 6 p A4

UFPWFP brown charles 23 2 catherine st 43 batessates elder

durham 1820 poplar RBL 49 CP dangerfielddangersdangerf i 1 I d anc

2 garden PI maimaywaymay have XP iTHn 1849 withwi th benson co

UFPWFP brown narianarlamariaamamamaama 22 2 catherine st 43 bates RBIL 49

surrey 1820 poplar

2 garden place dadanqerfielddangerfieldrfieldafield descsdesce awestcwestC west family emi to zion

T caffall richard 25 3 sep 44 albanalbon erierlemi 55 henry beanor C

S john hertfordhartford 1819 scarlscurl in N orleans br

presprospeespeos br dec SI51 1870 FGRA

T caffall thomas 25215 22 dec 44 travi ephaimephaim caffelcaffellI1

S elder prespros Samerssomersscmerstnsamerstnsamersontn br 50

utah killedbilled ftby indiansindians Ppres rickmansworthRickriclgnansxorthmansworth br 17 fob1848febFob IM1848 166

LC branch flareflameidamename age bapsap addresses baatbapt by church emigration ococcueoccup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup anam deatsoeatholacelace death XP otherinfotherineotherinf

NTT caffallcaffallailali willwilliamiantan 18 11 decdoc 44 albanalbon travel emi

S elder

coital elder

PW bamseycamsey catherine 34 3 glentorglendor cottages 25 decdoc 41 griffiths

PW bamseycauseycanseycamsey thasthos 34 3 GIglentorglendorentorantor cottages I11 sep 41 grigriffithsffi thsohs

0 candland david 22 highgate 16 haymay 41 albanalbon elder emieinierni 44 school teacher

highgate hdsexmdsex 1819 middlesex Potpottawapostawatawa hatehotehotelI1 keeper

XP 1852 pros attohaltomattorn

retretrot to serve mission 1846471846 47

S ftut PleasantpleasantutUt 1902 six wives D callandcanland ihiimi and&ndend naumau FGRA des oradatdramaticsoramat i cs

71 T chapman thamasthamesthomasthomes 24 sep 41 elder 71443

S

joseph chapman tdentirfiedtdontirfied as moriber 17 nov 1841

130 TL chapman MA 26 johns row 142014 20 sep 41 emigrated

W charman carelinecaroline 24 5 Pqwlctprospect row 7 sep 43 bates 14 oct 45

S 1819

W channancharmencharmanchanman george 27 5 prospect row 28 jan 43 griffiths 14 oct 45

S 1816 167

LC branch vilfftlumnamevdlf age bapsap addresses baatbapt by church emigrationEmigration occueoccup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup am Deathoeatholacedeathplaceplace death XP Otherlotherlnfothertnfnf

201 OFHTF cilftoncliftonharyCliftoncliftonmaryhanymanyHaryMary hatmat 34 8 clifton place 21 juljutjui 44 albon emigrated bonzihonzihorizonOT

S blanchard london 1811 st lukes 1856 martin co

CottonwoodsocottonwoodSo utah 3 tomlinson bldgBIC 52556 FGRA

clifton rebecarebeccrebeccai 8 clcliftoncilftoni ftonafton place 7744 clcliftoncilftoni ftonafton

london 1856

utah jmartinhartmart in co 52556 FGRA

200 RTFHTF clifton robert 38 8 clifton place 7 jul 44 albon eiderelder emi victualvictualarvictualerlarlanianar

S norfolk 1805 3 tomlinson biagbldgbidg 1856 martinhartmart in co

dpdplainslains wyo 1846 bunhillbonhill ros stlukesSILUSt Lukeskes 25 haymay 56 FGRA

pres tottenham br 1850 stoke newingmewingnewingtonton prob whitechar2whitechaoelwhitechapel111

clive claude 26 2 richabellrickabellRichabell st elder 2949 tailor

CP tailor

SLC active in st louisloulslou is in 1850s branch president deseret dranedrama

LC THTM clive charlotte 28 2 richabellrickabellRichabell st 2949

PW cloutsclonts anne 40 56 wellington 6 juljutjui 45 griffiths

weeks kent

PW cloutsclonts william 56 56 wellington 20 jul 45 griffiths

kent RBL 49

041 HTOMTO cobb philisphil is 77 1 richard 14 sep 1840

d 14 dec 48481 107668 11 P 38 168

LC branch mmname age bap Addresaddressesws baatbapt by church emigraftemigrantemigrationEmi graftgrattgrathon OCCUR eng Birthbirthalabirthplabirthplaceplapia birth status xo occueoccup anam Deathoeatholacedeathplaceplace loathdeath XP Otherlotherlnfotherfnfnf

205 MT coffin henry 24 62 rahelerahere st 8 may 42 lewsley elder

S clerkemienclClerkeericeericenwenienmiennwe I1 I1

also park st E road city 6 jaresjanesjames mdiMCImcg

coffin henry 11 10 union st 7 jul 44 albialblalbion henry & sarah

7 jamsjames st in goswell rd

holborn isling

206 nt coffin haryatryntrynarymary 30 62 rahelerahere st 14 sep 42 snowS

S 1812 cierclerirenuellclerkenwellClerkenwell

sarah also parkparicpanic st E road city & janesjabesjames 81998192

040 MTL coglan harriet 23 13 king st 19 oct 45 booth servant

md freeman golden square

LC 0 conner henry 52 ironmonger rw 31 aug 40 kinballkimball WW jaljrnarnjml watchmaker

CR ireland 27 georges rawramrowrom left london 26 dec 1949 no record

atherfather cornerlcornealcornerconner st luke parish 107666 7 0270.27 firstfinstI1 rst london convert

LC 0 conner mary 27 georges rawramROM UUWW jaljrnarnjml xmas hostess WW

london

107666 7 2 27

LC 0 conner jr henry 27 georges rawramrowromRON 16 dec 40 UUWW jaljrnarnjml WatchmwatchmkrwatchmirrWatchbirrmirrkr APRapp

Llondon

sis elizabeth coleman md henry conner 27 ausaug 1841 107666 7 p 27

PW cook elizabeth 67 2 rectory place 15 sep 44 wrankerWBW ankerbankerwbanker ralr8l 169

LC branch noenowname age bap addresses sapt bylly church emigration ococcueoccup eng birthplace birthbi rth status XO occueoccup AM 0eatholaceoeathplace death XP OtherotherinfotherlnfotherineOtherlnfInf

195 RTMT cooper anne 10 1 richard PIpl 3 febfebo 43 RBL lingtonIsillingtonislington br

london holt street

md john budclesuciflebuddlebucibuclSucifieflerie 107668 11 0 38

193 NTMT cooper john I1 58 1 richards PI 21 sep 40 elder wading maker

london halt sirstrser RBL 51

old st lukes 107668 11 2382.38

263 ff cooper john isaac 8it 1 richards place 21 sep 44

london old st lukes XP 185618 hodgetts ox tr

mission to britain 18801890

fillmore land acquired in millard 1860 school trustee 107668 11 2- 38

194 HTMT cooper philisphi lisits 27 1 richard PIpl 12 mar 43 ralr8l 50 waddingwaddiwaddl ng maker

london holt st lsiisiislinging lingtonIsillingtonislington brsr 1850

S london lingtonIsillingtonislingtonI1 i n7na tonxon 007107668668 11 jaj2p 3939.

1961 M cooperphilisocooperphiCooper Phi lisoilsoaiso1iso 12 1 richards PL 3 feb 43 RBL 51

S london 1831 holt st

london 189818 md member john west children to emigrateemolemmi grate J07668107668 11 p39 FGRA

197 MT copetheophilusurcopetheophilusma 33 54 sutton ground 20 mar 41 lewsey travel 56

lippertipperupper dorset st elder

father in eng accdacad to robt hodqerthodgert arnijrnijrnl 1855s fft

0 copetheophilusuncopetheophiluswu emi

son of above 1856 willie co

d age 25 7 nov 56 cottonwoodCottonwoodmoodNOod grove utah terr crossing plains

1981918 TL CopeRcopehargaretcoperargaretCopecopen argaretHargaret 26 54 sutton ground 277 mar 41 lewsey

tottenham cr rd

d in engenglandI1 aidtaixt westminster 170

LC branch hmniame age bapsap addresses baatbapt by church emigration OCCUR eng Birthbirthplibirthplacepliplapia birth status XO occueoccup anAM Deathoeathplacedeathplaceplace death XP Otherlotherlnfothorlpfnf

0 copelandland wevm 12 jan 41 elder 30 mar 41 doctor

CR

A william oelanddelandcodelandcopelandCo is in jackson co missouri in 1850 ISLS ihlihiirn WMWW jihl1 british mission

202 cornellfrederickcomellfrederickcorneilComellCornell Frederick 42 2 kingsgateKingsgate st 18 jan 46 W booth priest coachcoachsmithsaithsalthsnith &

S 1804 holborn ralr8lr13l 48 springmaker

203 cornelcorneicornellcornelicorneil 1 mary ann 34 2 kingsgateKingsgate st 8 feb 46 W booth

S 1812 holborn

T covington berrell I11 norfolk PI 26 juljutjui 38 bedford eldereidereidenelden einiemi shoemaker

S Northnorthhampshiremorthhanipshirehampshire 1852 innkeeper

st louis 140mo 1881 8521852 PE

TM covington berrell I11 norfolk PI eldereider emi shoemaker

S bedford 1842 1847 pioneer

ticstcSICSLC 1919 47 huntercoHunterCo

098 TRTM covington edward 18 30 jul 41 snow eiderelder emi1856 shoemaker

S bedford ralr8l 48 Colucolumbiacolmibialoialola photographer

USA inn kesperkeeper

0099ogg THTM covington eliza 48 1 norfolk PI 30 jul 43 snow RIBL 45 10 feb 52

S bedford hodges 23 jul 42 eilenelieneilenfteriaEllenellenmarianarianarlaMaria

ogden ut 1881 52 smoot co FGRA

T covington eliza 21 1 norfolk PI IS18 haymaymey 41 adams 10 feb 52

S bedford elieneilenellenhariaEllenellenmarianarianarlaHariaMaria

JSAUSA 1895 52 smoot 171

LC branch namemamsmame age bap addresses baatbapt by church emigration occueoccup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup am deathoeathplace death XP otherOthorotherrnfothorinfothorineInf

100 T covington henry 12 1 norfolk PI 3 juljui 41 snow rellREIL 45

bedford emi

1863

HM covington josiah 21 1 hickmansHickroansmoans folly 4 oct 41 CO 46 shoemakshoemaker

S bedford dock head

londonusaiahlondon isaiah isaiah did not emigrate with wife susan fresmanfreemanF n

RM CovingtoncovingtonftarycovingtonmaryMarynary anne I11 norfolk place jan 1840 emi 1842

S bedford dreswwmrdressmajrer

died utah tos1905yos emigrated early with brother

THTM covington susan 12 1 Norfolnorfolklr PI 21 harnarmar 44 cairnscai rnsans emi dressmaker

S bedford

136 THTM covingtonsusannCovington Susann 34 1 hickenshickmnshickmansHickmans folly febfob 42 snow emi

S freeman bedfobedfd dock head 21 nov 41 21 haymay 64

ogden utah emigrated without husband josiah covington 20 selsetsedseo 64 1870 ut census

W cowdery james umbsteadPlplurbsteadplumbstead may 45

S in welling ftecflecrec

W cowdery mary umbsteadPlplurtosteadplumbstead 24 aarapr 45

W cowderyCoMcowdery sabinasab i na unsteadPlplumstead papainteri nteranter emi md aaron

S kent 1816 CP painter

evanston vvowyo 1864

039 NTMT cox caroline 23 8 baltic sirstr 6feb6 feb 41 9 oct 46 servant 172

LC branch nalnam age bapsap addresses baatbapt by church emigration occueoccup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup acan 0gatmlaceoeathplace death XP otherinfotherotherineinf

199I1 TH crump eauemuemm bunichibunlrhillI1 I1 ftRs AR 50

S st lukes

191 THTM crump henry 45 1 etcherfletcherFt rowromrhow 30 jul 43 lewsey eldereider 121047 wellerJejewellerjewellen

S london clerkenwellClerkenwell

died CP vivineyardbelard gardergarden prespros theoTheptheobaldsbalds road branch

N crump hehenrynry 25 st lukes emi turner

middlesex XP

fillmore ut finsbuaFinsfinstbuabumcipfipf census 107666

192 HTNT crump rebecca 40 1 fletcherFt etcher ronrowrompow 5 aug 43 lewsey 121047 widow 1870

S cierClerclerkenwellcterlrenwellkenwell XP utah census

died utah Vivineyardnevard garden FCRAFGRA

M crump F rebecca 12 1 fletcher rawrowrom 22 nov 43 cooper emi

S franklin cierClerclerkenwellclerlrenwellkenneilkenwell 11 haynaymay 46

died west

045 M danielselizabothdanielDaniels eilzabethElizabothselizabeth 20 8 aug 43 CO 46 10946 Oressmakerdressmaker

S sas3lenten

44 NTMT daniels maryannehanHarmanyAnne jul 45 EH davis

L

214 NTMT oarkdarkoaric charles 21 25 stjohn 4 sep 46 davis rblabl 48 ruierulemakerrulemaicerRulemakermeker

S 50 uelmotwelmotwelgot st

bethealbethnal green

215 MT darkdankdericdenic emily 29 50 wewellmonwellmouimottamott st 122 jan 45 albion rblablribuRIBL 48

S 1816 Bethbethnalbethnelbethnallnailnallnali1 green 173

LC branch nammanmamnamemame age bapsap addresses baatbapt by church emigration ococcueoccup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup am oeatholaceDeathdeathplaceplace death XP OtherotherinfotherlnfotherineOtherlInfnf

217 NTMT dean sammisamuel 6 44 barbican ralr8l 49 tailortallortaital lor

219 T dell ann whitby 2 york rd 16 ju 1 41 snow ROL 48 emi

S whitechapel landlond 1824 st lukes 1875 dakota

salt lake city 1911 haqoarstownmaqaarstown FGRA md 18 aaraor 477

218 MT 0011 william S 25 2 york rd 22 mar 48 booth ribuRBLRIBL 48 emi coalcoaI1 carmincarman

S bedford 1822 st lukes

buried SLC 1907 FGRA

216m216 N dixon james 11 62 rahan st 7 jun 43 albon

S 28 nwnew st

S mills end parents jamnjames md hannah taylor westerminsterWesterminster arecmrecM

221 T dixon mary 14 so st ross

S

Finsfinsburyainsburybury

225 MTL ely catherine 22 7 swan st 10 nov 44 albion

old kind rd 21 nov 44 smith

226 MTL ely george blair 8 brittania st 21 febfob 43 smith sawyer

S 5 farnamfarnhmfamham cottages XP 1862

granby st waterloo rd lafflambethlambbethdeth

223 MT elyE I1 y johnjamsjohnjanesJohn JamsJanes 56 5 farnham cott 14 sep 42 snow RBL 49 sawyer

S 17861796 granby st lanaLantlambethuanaoeth

5 johns terrace princewood tasbethtaffbethtambethtafftambtammbeth alsoaisocalsocaiso 6 upper marsh lamwthlambeth Pentopentonvpentonynv 174

1cacLC branch name age bapsap addresses baatbapt by church emigration occueoccup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup anAM deatholaceneatDeatdeathplaceDeathplaceholace death XP OtherlotherinfotherlnfotherineotheeOtherInfnf

N ely JohnjohnjamesJames 20 14 sep 42 RBL 49 rdnd jemimajamima kikilburkilbumlburn

224 NTMT ely margarettmarganettHarmargarett 58 5 farnamfarnhmpamham cott 10 feb 44 albion RBLRBIL 49

S md I11 nov 23 1788 granby st lambeth

5 johns terrace princewood lambeth jlambethuanlanbethlambethLanbeth br records

222 T emery williwilliam 2 china cott RBLFMIL 48

065 mr enwselizabethemms el i zalwth 26 8 haymay 42 lewsey RGIL 48 10942

S eliza coffin bursbuns81 s WWWUJ 1845

240 HTNT farleyparleyfanleypanley harriet 29 2 woodbine cott 14 harnarmar 44 chapman RBL 48

S 1815 4 wells cottages 10 aug 44

d 20 auaua 49 Pecipeclpeckhamrham

HM farleyparleyfanleypanley mary 50so dec 44

239 HTMT farfarleyparleyI1 ey robert 29 4 wells cottages 14 mar 44 cairns elder eini laborer

S 1815 2 woodinewooaineinelne coll 8 aarapr 54 tanner

weber pecktumpeckham br 2 oct 56 J banks train

236 HTMT fenemorePenemore ann 27 4 crabtree row aug 44 booth RBLFML 48 5 haymay 66

S PeclpeckhmpeclcharpecipeckhachaRrhamcham 175

LC branch name age baprapaap addresses baatbapt by church emigration occueoccup eng birthplace airthbirthtiitileli rth status XO occueoccup anAM DeatdeatholaceDeathdeathplaceolaceholaceplace death JPXP OtherotherlnfotherinfotherineOtherlnfInf

235 NTMT fenemore wnwo 42 4 crabtree road aug 44 W booth ralrblr8l 48 5 naymay 66 gardner

S peckham

brixton branch

242 T field elizaellzaeilza 4 narymary PIpl 24 narmar 44 alben CO 49

S hushusbus jansjamsjabesjabbsjames ntrynarymaryry st hampstead

W fisher jamsjames 25 36 Greengreenhillshills rd 1 sep 41 snow a james jane fisher

S woolwich XP 1852 53 1864

Is1844

W fisher jane 30 29 aug 41 adams

S 1811

W fisher sarah 26

S

note a henry fisher pres of wellingmelting br 23 dec 184918491

W fisherF 1 sher thomas 33 36 GreenqreenhiltsgreenhillsQreenhillshilts rd 29 aug 41 adams

S woolwich 1811

102 NTMT floyde jos unwo 27 6 flecher rowrom novmovamov 42 jcaimsjcairns elder blacksmith

clerkenwellClerkenwell CO 46

103 NTMT floyde NarmaryannemaryAnne 29 6 flecher rowrom naymay 45 EHEN davis CO 46

clercierclorkenwellClorclertrenwellkenneilkenwell 176

LC branch nansarenamsaemmane age bap addresses baatbapt by church Ernigrationemigration occueoccup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup an 0eatt2laceoeathplace death XP OtherOtherlotherlnfotherinfotherinenfInf

HM ford isaiah I11 richardsricharcisrichardisRicharcis PIpl jan 41

father william st lukes WWJ 1841

107668107 668 11 2p 39

082 T ford sarah 25 1 richards PIPL 4 jan 41 kintalkentalkinibakuniba111 21 febfob 53

father williamwi I1 I1 ian 1812

ndmd samuel oliver baatbapt 19 feb 1950 by hyde

107668 I111I1 0 39

238 NTOMTO fowler eliza gipp 26 8 marlboroughmariMary borough st 18 feb 42 snow emigrated

S finsburyainsburyFinsbury london 1817 siackSlackslackfriarsblackfriarsfriars rd XO 1855

hannah fowls deft churchinchurch in america WLWA

237 NTLOMTLO fowler willianwilliam 218 8 narlboroughstmarlmari boroughboroughstst 15 sep 41 shefftzsheffldshefftd einiemigratedgrated shoemaker

S leicestershireLeicestershire 1817 cut new XO 1855

S blackfriars rd left churchchurchinin mericalnerica wlnaWIMAWLWA

053 T franklin anne 121047

055 NT franklinfrankiinfrankilnFrantclin elizab 43 1 etcherfletcherfietcherFt rw 8 feb 44 calmscairns ralr8l 45 10 dec 47 widow age 51

S cierderlrenwellClerclerkenwellkenwell 22 harnaraannanmarman 56 enoch train

1801 arr26 seosep 56 enswortheusworthellsworth co

241 franklin eliza I11 fletcher rawramrowrom 14 harhanmarman 44 calmscairns

S

052 RTHT franklin henry 24 13 hargettmargett st jul 44 hedlockbedlock 71045 wellerJejewellerjewellen

clerkeknwell 177

LC branch nalmalmawname age bap addresses baatbapt by khomwhom church emigration occueoccup eng birthplace iiielibirthgirthrth status XOXG occueoccup anam oeathplace0eathplace death XPX P other inf

n gistimgistiregistineGi stirestirmstimm harriet Bartholobartholomewnew 10 apr43 lewsey servantnospitisorvanthospitl

gislangaslanGi slan istist cousin to harriet osbournosboumeOsbouheume

ndmd stokes relative descendants in churchchu

001919 TH gray william 19 upper edmund st priest 141044

kings cross

limehouse

250 T greenslade ester 6 spencer st CO 48

curtain rd

PW griffiths john 30 23 johnson st 10 jancojan4ojan40 taylor boiler maker

S wales 1810 deptfordDeptdepthfordford 1841 snow for queen

jtfmiwyominqwyomingn nov 56156956gsg woolwich prespros woolwich branch died XP martin handcart FGRA

PW GriffithgriffithsmargsMarg 29 23 johnson st 6 febfob 40 taylor

S wales lall1811 1841 snow

woolwich 1853 FGRA

247 NTMT GrimsdalegnmsdalertaryagrimsdalemaryaMaryA 34 1 richard place 23 dec 40 RBL after 1860

S london smith 1816 8 new inn yard 16 aug 45 woodruff

salt lake city shoreditchShoreditch UWJWWJ 45 motherclothercmother sarah cobb FGRA

246 NTMT gnmsdalegrimsdale wewn 28 7 honeyersmoneyersHoMoneyers Sstt 21 dec 40 eldereider emiami ivory tuner

S london 1817 20 jul 45 bavisoavisdavis in SL 18631963 ace to CH west

salt lake city 8 neidnewmelmmemmewmeum yard inn shoreditchShoreditch pros goswell branch 1857 FGRA

273 T harde jane 9 clesfieldhacclesfieldmacclesfieldHacMac st RBL 51 city rd 178

LC branch namnamemame age bap addresses baatbapt by whom church emigration occueoccup eng birthplace birth status XOXG occueoccup am oeatholaceDeathdeathplaceplace death XP other inf

PW hawley anna 29 st narymary sirstrsin

490 TH hawkinsangelinahawkinsangelina19Hawkins Angelina 19 eustis square 8nov4848 banks md F pipiercyercyorcy

withuryuhitburywithery st hawkins fmiamifamily1 y

badt iinn 1848

PMPW hawley foster 27 st mary sirstr 6 jan 43 griffiths

123 T harrop anne 24 13 hickmansfolly nov 41 snow CO 46

S harrup 1817 dock head

122 MTL harrop unwe 35 ditmanspitmans bldg aug 41 adams CO clockmakerdockmockmaker

S 1806 dock- head snow

sewards place 107666 8 p30p 303030.

LC TLOIF hender eliz 4 garden ct 23 jan 41 kwUU arnijrnijrnl finsburyainsburyFinsbury 1850

S 1776 hull st 20 jan 42snom42snow 181844 rec to go to Zzioni on

50 radnor st old st lukes 107666 8 p25

272 TLOIF hender william 4 garden cr 23 jan 41 UUWW jarljnrl carpentry

S not bnabn london 1763 hull st 20 jun42 snow 1844 recnecrectoto go to zion

465146515050 radnor st old st lukes 107666 8 pp25251251.251 no FGRAFCRA

058 MT henefer james 24 oepfordgepford 27 jun 44 eldereiderEI1 der emi engienglengineno maker

Sstaffordshiretaffordshfordesh i re 1821 ralr8lRBL 46 1853 blacksmith

henefer ut is1896 FGRA P & PMP 179

LC branch nannamname age bapsap addresses baatbapt by whom church emigration occueoccup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup anAM oeatholace09atholace death XP other inf

059 HTMT henefer sarah 22 30lovingdwln3olovicolovi ngedmln 30 jan45 EH davis rallrullPAIL 46 emiemolemmi md 1841846

london hulleshuliHullcs 1823 oepfordgepford

henefer utah 1880 1076107666 6 g0 4 1841 census see huhulksI1

HM hickman narynanymarymany 40 notinhillNotinhill mrmar 45 EHEN davis lewis

ringintonRing inton

258 ntMT hihiggsggs john 20 2 johns runrawrowrom 14 jun45 EHEN davis CO 47 clockmaker

S 1825 9 aylesbury

c1erkenwlclertcenwell1 no FGRA

LC MTB higgs sarah 16 9 fleshburyplf1eshburyp1 9 sep 41 albon essmakerdressmakerOr

md to grimsdale insIMS1835 clclericenmeilericeericenwenwe 11

060 HTMT hills emelia 29 12 jan 45 albon

255 HTWMTW hill janesjabesjames 23 unionrowwilstunionrowwi1st 2 jun44 albion elder emi cabinet hakermaker

S london 1821 bethealbethnal green RK 48 harhannarmarman 1854 cabinetcab i netneb maker

salt lake city 1889 oct 1880 no FGRA

256 KTWMTW hihill11 jemima 22 unionromwilstunionrowwilst 2 jun44 albion RBL 48 emi ssilki I1 k weaver

S london power 1822 bethealbethnal green harmar 1854 1inn chechochelseaI1 sea

salt lake clevcitycley bap 14aqqerstonhaqgerstonbathsbaths oct 1880

W hills richard 180

LC branch nabename age bap addresses baatbapt by whom church emigration occueoccup 609eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup AsAM Deathdeathplaceoeathplaceplace death XP other inf

W hills rebecrebecca

274 T hihitchmantchmanachman janeoane I11 billmore PIpl mar 45 lewis RBL 47

T hodgert agnes 5 gateway BIblvdvd inov5novsmovamov 49 hodgert XO after 1871

london 1831 off hill sirstr XP after 1871

salt lakelaire city 1914 md samuel holmes

062 NTMT hodgert harymary 39 5 gateway blvd 14 sep42 snow RBL 48 husbus hiemicmie hodgert

S scotland 1805 off hill st FGRA

london 1879 green st crescent 1 I10766707667 4 PD 35

HM hodgert robert 19 hair st bgragr 9 oct 41 hamilton trav emi engineercarpenengineerengiengl neerneercarpencarpen

journal prespros studham branch

S scotland hill st scotland elder jan 525452 54 ret as mission

provo utah md jane fenn iconvertedconvertedfed family in london incl sister agnes FGRA

HTMT hodgert wn 17 hair stbethstbothsabeth gr 9 oct 41 hamilton eldretdr 47 tea canister

london may be robert

also hill st Finsfinsburyainsburybury wnkinvin hodqerthodgert capt ath4th ox train arr SLC 1856I1

0 howard thomas 45 shenley hills 31 dec 4242 albon RBL 48 active in

may be early UKaebersanbersmembers frofromm mission membershipsmemberships walfordwa I1 ford branch

children thos jr 15 b 31 NOV 42 mary anne 22 b 5 juljutjui 41 caroline 18 juljutjui 41 by alboncairnsAlbon Cairns 1850s185

270 HTLKTL huhulksI1 ks kbjob 7 hacclesfieldstmacclesfieldstt 14 mar 47 crump porter

S city rd

H 107666 6 040.4 FGRA 181

LC branch torulmlumsannannam age bap addresses baatbapt by whom church emigration ococcueoccup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup ANam oeatholace0eatholace deathdeethobeth XP other inf

271 MTL hulks phebe 21 33 kings sqaq 10 jan45 EHEN davis emi servant

S NSUNSW australia 1825 st lukes

md knoldknood 7 hacclesfieldstmacclesfieldst 1107666107666 6 p4pa

F hyde willwilliamlarlorion 16 windsor place 15 jan 41 kinbakanbakimballI1 I1 RBL 52

S 1825

ahlwhl janisjantsjamisjarvis george 1844 emi thru sailorsalsai I1 or

P 1823 RBPROP 1848 savage boston famerfamorfarmer

pioneer to dixie

st george ut 1913 excellent journal FGRAPGRA 1860 ox train

wh jarvis ann prior 25 dec48oec48 savage emi thru dressmaker

P stepney london 1830 boston

st ceorgegeorge ut 1913 excellent journal FGRA 1860 ox train

279 T jervis eliza 24 19 pitt sirstrsin 25 mar44 perks RBL 48 emi

jarvis fitzroy sqaq Bennberminghamingham

daughter amelia 34 Somersscmerstownsomerstowntown br 1856 martin handcart

278 T jervis samuele 35 19 pitt sirstr 25 mar44 perks elder emi pearlpeerpearI1 ornowsornownornamentt

fitzroyF i troy square nakermakerker

wyoming plains 1856 Smierssmierstownscmerstomntawntamntown br pr battersea 49 dover brsars 50 XP 1856 martin handcart

TO jenkins caroline little brook st 16 mar44 13244 dressmaker

london 1835 st pancreas parish XO to st louis

salt lake city 1900bur1900 bur millardhi hardhand FGRA and journal md outson

012 THL jenkinsmathanljentons nathanmathan 1 little brook st befbeabef184418441944 teacher 13244 chchimneyimneyamney sweep

london 1801 st pancras parish XO 1844 laborerlaborersweepsweep

st louis lived in utah and stlouisxpstlouisxp 1862 FGRAFCRA 182

LC branch nalnelhmnam age bap addresses baatbapt by nhonkhonkhamwhonwhomi church emigrationeffligranon occueoccup eng bibirthplacerthpruhp I1 ace birth status XOXG occueoccup ABam oeatholace0eathplace deathopath XP other inf

013 TH JenkinjenkinssarahsSarah roltroitholt little brook st befbea 184418 13244

london 18051905 st pancras par

st louisloulsLouisJlouisitolouisjtotomo 18561056 FGRA 014 T jenkinssarahjr little brook ST befbea 1844 13244

london 1826 st pancras RPSRPQ

utah lieilelib118 HTNT johnson benj 27 11 turk st 24 jui423u142 lewsey RBL 48 rule measemeasumeasure

wh bethealbethnal green maker

haymarmaxmay have settled in kanosh or fillmore presres eddlesboroeddlesborobreddieEddlesboro br ISO1849 no CP no FGRA

117 MT johnsonsusanna20johnsonsusanna2o 11 turk st 24 3u142ju142 lewsey RBL 48

uhwh bethealbethnal green

142 HTMT joiner elizab 43 10 thornhilleThornhille 10 jul44ju144 venner 1847 baker

S 1801 Pentpentonvillepentonvilteonville

margaret st spafieldssegfieldsseeSpaSegfields xp9 host to WW 45

140 MT joiner henry 32 10 thomhiusthornhillsThornhills 22 sep44 Covingcovingtncovingtontn 1847 baker

S Pentpentonvilleonville

d crossing plains 44 margaret st spafieldsSpafields

143 MT joinermargaretjoiner margarelmargaret 10 10 thornhill 16 oct440ct44 vennervennenyenner 1847 baker

S ibnIBM1833 Pentpentonvilleonville

44 marqaretmargaret st aFieldsaafieldspafieldSp XP

144 HTMT joiner martha 9 10 thonthornhillThomhill 2 aarapr 45 irieliibiEH oavisbavisdav i s 1847 baker

S 1836 Pentpentonvilleonville

44 marqaretmargaret st Spafield CP 183

LC branch naremarenamemame age bap addresses baatbapt by whanwhon church emigration OCCUR engng birthplace birth status XO OCCUR am if beati0eatioeatholacer I1 ace death XP other inf

2812131 RTLMTL kilburnejmimakilbumejanima 21 1 flecker rawramrowrom 22 nov4smov45novas banks brush makermairer

S md john ely 5 bethealbethnal gleeogjeeogreen

baqnaoebaqnaq2

282 THTM king john 71 boston place RIBIL 47

dorset squar

paddinotonpaddingtonpaddi 0910noton br

283 THTM king sarah 29 59 gr jaresjanesjames st 22 nov43mov43 crump ralr6lr8l

S lesson grove

paddington BP 71 boston place

TH kinging william 28 59 gr janesjames st jan 44 cope ralr8l painter

lesson grove

paddinqtonpaddington br

288 TO lardensbardensLardens 7 chester PIpl I11 harhannarmarman 42 snow

susanna 1802 green st 2 mar 42 lewsey

nonconfNonconf gloucester ind reditchshoreditchSho in 1845 dauqhterdaughter md james albion son of JA preachercarpenterpreacher carpenter

287 0 lardent unwirwin 7 chester pipl harmar 42 lewsey ralr8l 48 silksilkweaverweaver &

1802 green st snow manufacture ofot

NC gloucester ind shoreditchshoreditchlShoreditch daughter md james albion in shoreditchShoreditch john the badt wescoat kwWMJ 45

284 TF latimer thos 23 windsor sirstr sheib deacon

RBL 48

legg elizabeth newburyNeNNewnemturyburybuny london 14 juljutjui 44

S 184

LC branch namnagname age bap addresses baatbapt by whom church emigration occueoccupoccupengeng birthplace birth status XO cupAnoccupinoccueoccupanOcoccup am oeatholacebeatideati I1 ace death XP other inf

legg john newbury london 31 dec 43

S missionary

286 thlthiuTHIL legg leah 26 4 terriceterrice 28 dec44oec44 benson RBL 55 servant

S upper clapton

121 rylRTLmylHTL lewis bunaenma 24 17 johns rd nov 44 EHEN davis RBL

S 1820 st lukes

emnaemma lewis at 17 Bricgricbncklanebricklaneklanekiane

284 tintTML lewis henry 23 17 st johns rw 28 sep 44 EH davis ffishmongeri siva ger

S 1821 st lukes

285 TML lewis john 39 2oltchesterfield20ltchesterfie1d 3 aarapr 42 lewzey eldtrave1dtraveidEld trav shoemaker

S 1803 high st harylebonemaryleboneHarylmaryiMaryl ebone

24 hall place Padpaddintonpaddingtondinton green

LC lewsey williwilliam 15 goldsmith row merchant

lewsey in charge of meeting I11 jan 43 at 31 york st

london rd uttmarksouttmarkSouthsouthwaricSo naricmarirwaric london

offers workship for branch meetings 10 nov 1841

relievedrecievedReci eved permission to go to zion 29jun29 jun 1844 10LC

london conference histonehistory rec a21 pros london east branch oct 1843

038 THTM lillywhitemargli11ywhitehargLillywhite Margnarg 22 14 draper place jul 43 margettsNarmargetts CO 46

S 1821 hushusbus benjamin 185

LC branch name AVage bap dressesaddressesAA aaltbaptaapt by whom church emigration OCCUR4 eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup anam oeatholaceoeathplace death XP other inf

037 TRTH lillyuhitelillywhite richa 14 draper place CO 46 plunberplumberp I1 tmoberamober

077 TH linford anne 52 park sirstr ROL 45 emi

S 1802 dorset square

endlendomnentendowEndOMnentt in nauvoo 6 febfob I11846

007676 tiititTHTFI linford robert 52 parkparicpanic sirstr ralr8l 45 eni

S 1805 dorset square

endowrontcenckmwnt in nauvoo 6 feb 1841846

291 TLMG lloyd hariamariamarla 32 14northhnptonl4northhampton PI 6 oct 42 Ccooperr

S Deptoeptforddeptforddepthfordford 1809 compton sirstrsin wenlockwen lock baths

3 nortonmorionmorton sirstr green st Aactive later in goswell branch

290 TH lloyd willianwilliam 37 northumberland 11 juljuiju 42 snow

S wiltshire 18041904 conptoncamptoncompton st tabernacle square

3 nortonmorionmorton sirstrsin

green street active later in goswell branch

131 THL madams caleb 21 29 theobaldstheoba I1 ds rd 4 sep 42 printer

4 edward st I11 oct 44 bavisoavisdavis

aalsoaisoI1 so jane madams 1 I1 oct 46 in LC

306 TML majoranraarthamajorannrtartha 40 13 Cbcbridgeabridgecalbricanbriridgenidgedge 22 hay42may42 lewsey

13 draper sirstr 3 apr42

st pancras reb 23 jujuljui1 18518577

305WS THLTML hajorrichardmajorrichardHajoMajorRichard 37 13 cambridge apr42 lewsey elder RBL 52 painter

S draper PI 23 jul57jui57 6 glazer

st pancras 23jul23ju1 57

3 northworthmorth st manchester so and blazermazer 186

LC branch name age bap addresses baatbapt by whom church emigrationbaigbalgEmigration occueoccup eng birthplace birth status xo occueoccup am Deathoeatholacedeathplaceplace death XP other inf

T majorsarahcolemajorsarahcoles & quick set rowROM 3 aarapr 42 lewsey 20 aug 42

S oxfordshireOxfordshire lell1811 cp 1848

spring city ut 1888 FGRA

T major williamjr quick set row 10 apr42 snow 20 aug 42

S lancashire 1832 20 apr42

sorimborimsorisort no city ut 1894

251 T major william quick set ronrowROM 10 apr42 lewsey elder 20 aug 42 portrait

CR waherwarnerwamer sr CO to W painter

S Gloucestergloucestershireshire 1804 present in LC in 1841

london thmsrThamethamesrsR 21054 president london west branch 1843

story of death in london C A millenialmillennialMil lenial star saints did all they could pres london conference

307 TMB manisterhenryManister Henry 26 36 brickstonebreckstoneBrickstone 14 nov 43 majonajorsmajorss elder confectioner

S chester rd bricklaneBricklane p556p 556

S 60 tottenhamTottenhan cr UWWW irniarni 1845 10 556

0 manisterfranceManistermanisterfrances27France 21 60 totenhantotenhamTotetottenhamnhannham cr 43 major

UNWW journal

300 TH mansell henry 40 5 peel sirstrsin 20 may 42 lewsey elder eniemi 48

S shopshire 1802 kensington XP 1868 loveland mulettmuletr

kaysvillewaysvilleKaysville ut 188818818 8 little compton penton prespross kensal new town br FGRA

301 TM mansell janjane 32 5 peel sirstr 16 jun 44 albion ralr8l 47

S london hunt 1804 kensington cp 1868 loveland mulettmuletr

davis co utah 1889 8 little compton Pentpentonvilleonville

297 TM manton david C 30 12 wellington st 8 may 44 whiteadwhitehd RBL 49 timer A brazer

S newingtonkensingtonNewington Kensington

pettforddeptfordpeptfordDeptford officer bermondslBermondbermondsleygermondslsleyX branch 187

LC branch nanemanename age bapBa addresses baatbapt by whom church emigration occueoccup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup anAM Deathoeatholacedeathplaceplace death XP other inf

296298 tiiTH kantonmantonaarynantonwantonmaryMantonWanton narymaryAaryMary ann 32 12 wellington st 8 juljutjui 44 albion RBL 49

S newingtonkensingtonNewingtonnewimenimemi ngtonkensiKensingtonn ton

Deptoeotforddeptforddepthfordford

2299 T nanerlmanerimanerl james 43 orchard st

st lukes

Kd 13 82raaraor 48

LC TH hargettsalicemargettsaliceHargettMargettmangettsAlice 39 15 janesjames lane oct 41 jan 50 ship argo

S oxfordbishopOxford Bishop cardencandencamden town cp 1850 cp

utah memberber walford sr FGRA

LC TM margetts anne 19 15 james lane jan 41 jan 50 ship argo

S oxfordmaryOxford Mary 1822 camden town cp

utah md albert bond FGRA

LC TM margetts geo 16 15 janesjames lane aarapr 41 emi

S oxford candencamden town cp aft 60

chicago 1882 prespros lon confdecConf Dec 1850 presprospeespeos windsoruoburnwatfordwindsorwoburnwatford 8rarqr 1850 FGRARSRA

LC TRTM hanmargettsHarmangetts henry 14 IS15 james lane haymay 41 elder jan 50

S oxford 1837 cp 1850

bear lake idatdalda in idaho 1880 census

LC TM nargettsphilpmargettsphilpMargetts phiipphlipPhilp 12 15 james lane may 41 eiderelder jan 50 engineeractorEngineer Actor

S warwickshireWarwickshire 1829 camden town ship argo 181acksmactorb1acksactor

SICSLC utah 1914 dagg4ayqraggdauqhterdaughteritter minnie margettsMarqmarghargettsreturnedetts returned to enqlandenglanden land as missionary

LC TM margettsHarmargetts richarichd Is18 15 janesjames lanlaneuanuane 11 feb 41 elder jan 50

oxford bishop 1823 camden town arr 51 minerminor

SLC utah iasi1881 188

LC branch nanenonename age bap addresses baatbapt by whom church emigration occueoccup engng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup anam Deathoeathplacedeathplaceplace death JPXP other inf

0 margettsHarmargetts thomas missionary coachch builder

1800 see note p railroads

S father died 1842 just before bahtibajtibaptism lorenzo snow conducted funeral

TNOTMO margetts thomas IS15 james lane emi

oxford 1820 XP

killedleiiol101 lied by indians 2 oct 1854 with son Pprespros terfordwaterfordMa brsr novmovamov 1848 ret as alsshissmiss

T marks WH 35 4 cross st junoun 45 EHEN davis CO printer

bethealbethnal gr

bethealbethnal green

105 HTMT martinelizabMartin Elizab 25 42 cotton rd 5 nov 45 EHEN davis emi servant

cp 1856 martinhartmart in handchanda

244 L martin willianwilliam 21 45upperserke45upper8erke st 11 feb 45 hyde teacher

CO 46

C HerrittherrittjnMerrittmerrittjnJn thos 17 42 aldenhanalderhamaldenhamAl denhardenhandenham 15 sep 48 amemi shoecuttershoecutter

md HarymarymaryaharyataylorATaylortay I1 or XO 1855 Chimchimboragochintooragoborago

dstast louis 1858 manbermembermamber in st louis 4 years

303 THTM micklewright 33 5 grove st looctlooch100ct 43 smith 8

elizabeth camden tonntowntomoTONO

somers tonntown

302 TRTH MicklewrighthicjclewrightunmicklewrightmnMn 38 15 grove st 10 oct 43 teacher piapianofortpianofortenofort maker

camden town r8l48rol48

chekenianchekenhancheltenhamChechq1tenhamKenhan jylROL 189

LC branch name age bap addresses sapt by whom church emigration occueoccup eng birthplace birth status XOXG occueoccup Asam oeatholaceDeathdeathplaceplace beathdeath XP other inf

HN miles elizabth 31 5 Resorreservoirvalrvairvoir cot 1843

hangshampsramps thmpsonthompson silver street

kensinqtonkensington gravel pittspi its FGRA

NM miles william 32 5 Resorreservoirvairvalrvoir cot 1843 vi tu1arroerchantvitularaverchant

harylebonemaryleboneHarylmaryiMaryl ebone silver st

kensington gravel pittsjpittsepitts son john henry william & family emi to price

296 T hilomilo john 12 evert sirstrsin 24 jun 42 prob john sarah william brothers

S london 1830 whitechapel and sistersis ter william

1924 commercial rubRIBRLB 48 FGRAPGRA childch i I1 d

295 T milohi to sarah 19 64 evert st 24 jun 42 lewzey RBL 48

S london 1823 uhitechapelwhitechapel

commercial FGRA child

294 tmwh milohi to william 13 6 everet st 8 haymay 42 lewzey RBL 48 emi cigarciganc i gar maker

S london 18281829 18 everard st candencamden rd aft 1872 caffmancafeman

christ bethal arrowgrrow

emery utah 1911 silver st kensington 6 cirietciriot st whitechapel md anne key osborne

308 THTM sElizabethmillselizabethMill 27 12 cams bldg 13 feb 45 EHEN davis RBL 47

S catherine st limehouse field

5 camden st kensington garden

304 THTM hillsmills william 34 12 COTJScamus bldg 31 sep 43 hutcheson elder blacksmith

catherine st 13 feb 45 EH davis emi 1870

bulmer terrace nottinqnotting hill president kensal NTMT 149149

WP hitchellannemitchellanneHitchelMitchel iannelAnne 64 3 glentorglendor cotta 4 nov 42 blackett 190

LC branch name age bap addresses bapteaptcapt by whamwhomjhcwhcj church emigrateemigrationon occueoccup eng birthplace birth status XO OCCUR AsAR hf deatoeatholacelace death XP other inf

LC MitchelmitchellmitchellemilyemilylEmily haggerstown 1841

Pentpentonvilleonville Ms 18281829 baotbadtbapt tabernacle square

LC kitchenmitchellmitchen marya 4 febfob 42 brotherton emi 1842

1820

036 THTM mitchellmaryaMitchell MaryA 22 14 lamb st 4 feb 42 251246 dressawerdresdressmalcersawersmalcer

S md EEHH bavisoavisdavi s borough XP 1852

lehi utah parents robert and sarah hunt stedSteostepfatherfather wn bootboothgoot 1

086066 T moore caroline 4 ironmonger rawramrowROM CO 46

r lontonlondon ditmanspitmans bldg 666 8 0p 31231 666 8 PD 31

087 TM moore frederck 24 Pittspittsmansmans bldg 43 booth CO 46 clockmaker

london east str- old kent rd 666 8 0P 31 666 89 2 31

068088 T moore james ironmonger rw CO 46 bootmaker

not b london 666 14 p18218p 18 sadler

085065 T moore williwilliam 43 Iroinoironmongermonger rw CO 46 bootmaker

not b london reinstated 666 14 0 18

125 T morgan anne 5 whitmore st 14 sep 42 25 aug 48

S md J failingpailing XP 1849

mayhemaybemay be only descendant of beni morgan to emigrate to utah

0 morgan benj 49 40 ironmonger rw 16 dec 40 eminauvooEmiemi nauvoo bricklayer

not b london ret by 18461846

50 in 1841 first driestpriest meeting 0 NWUU ihlihiarnijrni 1840 and 1845 0 554 107666 14 D 12

0 morgan elizab 49 40 ironmonger rw 16 dec 40 hostess

not b london to miss and LS

london oct 41 UW ihlihi LS jrqlmam1 died 41 LS questioned missionaries 666 14 0 12 191

LC branch name age bap addresses baatbapt by whom church emigration occueoccup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup anam Deathdeathplaceplace death XP other inf

0 morgan harriet ironmonger rw emi app enameler

S elizaellzaeilza 1828 md louis gaulter in nauvoo

WW arnijrnijrnl 40 and 45 civil marr by HC kimballKimbaltbaitbail 666 14 p 18

126 T morgan john ironmonger app enameler

S london 1826 14 pool st

9 willianwilliam st etmorewetmoreWt whitmore rd 666 14 p 18

310 TL morgane LSUS maria I11 lilvaymilvay st

milrayhi iraytray hortonnortonmorton oxton wells

124 thuTHLTML morgans lucy NM 22 ironmonger rw 14 sep 42 0 hyde

md allenalienailen 10 park ST imaytmaymay be sanbsanesame person as above 666 14 p 12

393 morgan sarah 33 49 Iroironmongergongermonger rd booth bricklayerhusarihusbrihusbricklayerhus delayer

md tomunqto young beniaminbenjaninbenjamin morgan d 45 york st WMWW arnijrnijrnl p 554 666 8 p

072 THTM morris sarah A 16 bath bldg dec 41 snow RBL 46 emi enoch train

balding stlukesSt Lukes wn asarchasarah&sarah did not go ells

XP 1862 worth co in 1856

134 TONTOM morris susannah emi 44

071 TM morris WWMN 44 16 bath bldg dec 41 snow RBL 46 enoch train awl maker

0 1787 city road UWWW arnijrnljrni awl maker

utah baldinbalding sirstr st lukes crossed 1862 murdock & duncan tr

106 THTM nowlin charles 35 12 dunion sirstrsin 21 oct 44 davis emi LB blacksmith

S bowlnowlnowlandand 1809 01oldoidd ford bow 192

LC branch nanenamemane age bap addresses baatbapt by whom church emigration occueoccup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup hnam death2laceDeathdeathplaceplace death XP other inf

112 TML newson edward 16 1 fletcher row 16 nov 45 davis emi jeweler

S nowlin nowlandnomlandmowland Clericclehcenwellclericenwellenwell

109 TML nowlin eliza 9 prospect terr 16 oct 44 pugmire emi LB

S newson alandnowlandmowlandglandgiandjlandjl and toe1081018 THLTML nowlin george 9 prospect9prospect terr 13 feb 44 davis emi LB tile man

S newson nowlandNowand

107 THLTML nowlinkatherNowlin Kather 35 12 danondunonounon st 21 nov 44 davis emi LB

S newnewsonMewson mowland bambowsawBOM

319 T oliver sarah I11 richards place lingtonIsillingtonislington

may be sarah ford md to convert samuel oliver who became pres of woolwich br 31 dec 53

MF olover01 over sarah 13 jan 41 kimbell

S 1812 see above

314 THFM osbourne anne 14 14 pitman biding 19 mar 43 lewzey RM 51 emi

S essex 1830

illfordIlallford111fordlford london1872London 1872 md william milomito who emi after annes deateldeathldeath 666 7 p

032 TML osbourneedwardOsbourne Edward 24 4 green st 13 oct 44 albon 15445

S Padpaddintonpaddingtondinton gr

1841 census

THTM osbourneharrtOsbourne Harrt 12 3 pittman bldg 16 novmov4444 davis RBL 51 emi FGRA

S billericayessex st lukes XP 1866 caroline

burnedberriedburried beaver uu895u11895 md jeremiah robinson 1841 census XP 1866 rawrawlinsrawlinsRaylins ox tr 193

LC branch lanenantanenamgane age bap addresses baatbapt by whom church emigration occueoccup eng birthplace birth status xo occueoccup anam oeatholace0eathplace beathoeathdeath XXPP other inf

033 thuTHLTPIL osboumelynettosbournelynottOsbourne lynettLynott 63 1 johns row aug 45 EHEN davis not bohbomborn london

S st lukes 1841 census

041 THTM osborne susanhsusanasuisaahisanh 41 3 ditmanspitmans bldg 19 mar 43 lewsey RBL Cordwainerhuscordwainerhus

S winterton Ntorfolknorfolkworfolk nurse bartles H

md henry osborn inin goswell rd br hushusbus aalsoaisoI1 so beer retaretaineri nernor 666 7 2370370.372.37

318 THTM owen davdavidi d1 69 38 charringtoncharringtonst st sep 45 davis RBL 48 wifElizabethnitwifelizabethwitelizabethwitmif ellzabethElizabeth

S morgan 1776 9 abbey place

gmar 50 SunmerssunmerstownSummerssummerstowntonntown prespross st johns br

317 tsihtkihtmwh owensrhodaftossowensrhodamoss 20 14 union row 16 harmar 45 albion RBL 48 emi

S suffolksuffocksuffodc 1826 albany st XP I1me1868

SLC wilmont str bethrallbethnallBethnall green haqlarstownhaggard townbown FGRA

316 timTPM owen william 30 14 union row 16 harnarnanmarman 45 albion eldereider emi sailorsaisal lor & watch

S london david 1811 ironmonger rw visit in SL savage parPAPH arr 1868 finisher icalZCTIZCAI

SLC 230eci9038othnall23pecl9038othnal1 green jaresjprespres woodfordswoodforksWoodmpodfordsfords & albion br ret miss 6666 14 p 10

painter aaron 40 2 rectory PI 20 jan 41 adams elder

S 1801

london md 02 sabina Cowfcowdrytnt fpiapipresident woolwich br

W painter aaron Is18 2 rectory PI 8 nov 42 blacket elder emi boilerboilermakermairer

son of A 6 cath 182416124 woolwich XP boilerboilermakermaker

bearlikebearlakeBearLake idaho 1880 idaho cencon

W painter cath 40 2 rectory PI 20 jan 41

london 16seo41igsoo4l motherther of aaron 022 194

LC branch name age bap addresses baatbapt byely whom church emigration occueoccup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup aran Beathoeathoiacebeathplaceplace death XP other inf

F page ann 45 2 east india rd snow

d juljutjui 47

F pagesariahPage martha 2 east india rd snow

poplar

320 lwhewh failingpai I1 i ng jamsjames 23 5 witmore st 12 nov 46 martin ribuRBLRIBL 48 25 aug 49 cabinetmakercab i net maker

S a 1823 wetmore rd hoxton rodhodrodgerthodgertNodgert 3mljrnl

weber I11 Greengreengategreenqategreengagegate garden hackneynackney md anne morqanxp 1855 laborertaborerlaborer18601aborer18601860 ut c

T parsons anne 2 east sirstrsin 16 nov 45 davis RBL 48 emi

S 18071907 old kent road 1849

manmem brixton branch

322 taltnlt14l parsons elizabel izabazab 39 12 milton st PI 20 jun 45 cloCO woodruff jrnl3m1

S 1806 cornwall PI

holloway rdd

318 TH parsons john 19 28213 east sirstr jul 45 EHEN davis priest

old kent rd brother to james parsons of nauvoo woodruff jaljrnarnjmlI1

lnaianaimem sribribrixtonxton branch

320 THL parsons markmarirmanir 37 wells renearrwnear 20 jun 45 woodruff gardener

322 ivory palace high st lingtonIsillingtonislington

12 milton st hollowayholHoi lowayiowaylomay RORD

322 TL parsons elielleilelizaellzaeilza 20 jun 45 woodruff

12 milton str holloway

315 parsonsrebecrparsons rebeccaa 28 east sirstr nov 45 EH davis nolROL 48

old kent rd

12 hiltonmiltonmllton st also cornwall place hollowayhonoway rd 195

LC branch name age bap addresses baatbapt by whomwilam church emigration occueoccup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup anam deatholaceneatDeatdeathplaceDeathholaceplace death XPyp other inf

384 MTLHMTLM peircy frederefrederkfrederic 18 15 tonbridgetombridgeTonbridge PI 23ftar23mar 48 J booth elder emi 1853 artistarlistartiarllarbi st

SO hampshire 1830 XP riNillernillercooleyI1 I1 ercoloercooCooleylcyicyley

wife angelina brabrobnogragro of syrena biggs 00CO 1857 retpet 1854 miss to france

n pendrick weurnwunwuu 28 8 east sirstr febfob 45 EH davis

old kent rd

230 T Pendependesheadshead unup 13 queen st

tonerlowertawertamertomer togtomtonntown hillhi 11

321 TH porter benj 24 6 elder st 20 oct 44 albion RBL 48 labourerlaboureurLabourer

S spital sqaq

7 Kingskingstownkinqsdownkingsdowndonndown PI sun sirstrsin

322 THTM portercharlotteporterponter charlottechariotte 6 elder st 13 oct 44 albion RBL 48

S spital sqaq

bishopsatebishcpsgteBishopsate sirstrsin

314 tiiutituTMLTFIL PoulterpoultercarolineCaroline 2 red lion pass aug 46 emi

S strubell fleet sirstrsin 5 sep 48 to st louis

oodenogden utah 8 Cumberlandcumberlandstcuntoer1andstSt john blaclcfriarblackglack friarfrlan rd luton br1854 to SLC FGRA

315 HTLRTL PoulterpoultercharlottCharlott high sirstr aug 44 squires dress maker

S surrey hampstead COOD md lawyer

heath TA poulter diary luton 80br FGRA as child

316 MTL poulter jane hampstead befbea 1844 first poulter

S surrey heath convert widowwidomwi dowdom lutelutclutonm TA poulter diary luton bror straw bonnetbowbom t mak

317 HTLMTL poulterthamspoulterpoulten thomsThamsthomssthomas hampstead heath 1845 FGRAVGRA says bapeap 20 sep 40emi40eroi 1854 sailorsaltorsailorstewardsaisal I1 orstewardor steward

S surrey toroseambroseAn FGRA 40 elder FGRA butlerbutlerinnkeeperinnkeeper

lutelutolutonm franklin idaho diary keeper md hannah butlertookbutler took childrenchi idren back to london 6 ret 196

LC branch name age bap addresses aaltaapt13apt by whoawhamwhom church emigration OCCUR eng birthplace birth status xo occueoccup Asam if DeatdeatmaceoeatholacegaceMace death XP other inf

313 MTL poulter wo 2 red lion pass aug 46 lvisavis elder 5 sep 48 french polisher S surrey fleet sirstrsin XP 1854 plasterer ut c

ogden canyon 1866 8 cumberland st st john st blackfriars rd FGRA

PW fridaypriday naryimurylumrymary 9 pond terrace I11 haymay 45 blackett emii863emi1863 Aamazonnazon

jamsjames chelcheichelseasea XP 1863

SLC 1891 mmmem westminsterwipstminster kenningtonn br FGRA

PW fridaypriday saalsamisaml 24 9 pond terrace 23 mar 45 blacket elder emil863emi1863 stonecutter

glouscester chelsea apxp 1863 stonecutter

stcSICsucSLC 1903 president vauhatiwestminstvauhallwestminster er kenninqtonkenningtonkenniniftoniqton branches FGRA

PWF punday eliza 25 5 richards st I11 harmar 45 bunker emi

wh Mwchapmanapman Is181919 high st poplar XP 2 oct 62 capt J brown co

S oadenoodenoqden 1901 28 PennypennfieldsPennpennyfieldsfields FGRA

PWWF purdayburday samlsamisam 24 5 richards st oct 44 blacket elder emi

uhwh norfolk 1820 high st poplar XP 2 oct 62 capt J brown co

oddenogden 1901 28 pennfieldsPennpennyfieldsPennyfields FGRA

27 T rice dianah 16 skinner st 23 jun 44 albanalbon CO 46

026 TM rice john 49 skinner st 10 jan 45 albanalbon COCD

US325 THTM rice maria 59 11 katherine vilwtwllWIL 2 jun 44 albanalbon CO

S 1795 allmealleyalieyailey rinnerskinnerSi

326 TM rice rebecca 813 11 katherine w1wa 29 jan 45 albanalbon rill

S 1837 alleyalieyailey bislkrbishnobishoo gate lskinnergskinnerLSkinnerskinner

096 T richard ralph 14 pittman bldg albion awappcloctanakerc I1 ocianakerocidrakeranaker

addaboapoaooPP to henrenhenryr booth UWWW lriiriihiimi 666 8 D 3031 197

LC branch nanenamemanemame age bap addresses baatbapt by whom church emigration occupengeng birthplace birth status XOmo cupAoccupaoccupyOc am PeathDeathdeathplacepeathplaceplace death XP other inf

029 TH richardsonelizrichardsone1izRichardsonEliz 33 16 johns ROM 10 nov 44eh44en davis 14 oct 45

S lell1811 st lukeslukas

028 TH richardsonrichardsonjas jas 35 14 johns rowROM 20 oct 44 EHEN davis15qavisis oct 45 tea grocer

1809 st lukeslukas

119 TH richardsorichardson johnjrjohnjr 16 jul 45

324 T rives lavinia 89 itlt orunnondstDrummonddrummondsrdrummondstSt 4 aug 44 ralr8lRBL 48

S ryves

0 robinson 29 sep49 emi 1866app shoemaker

jejeromece lagdon ISM1828 b spitalfieldsSpital fields carolinecanoline 1 A rawlins ox tr

salt lake city 1911 lived in beaver md harvmaryharrietmarvMarynary harriet osbournelosboumeOsbouheurnelume FGRA oleoie018 THTM sangiovanni 23 massan 4946 student

S GuilGuiliguilieimoguilielmoguglieimoeimoelmoielmo 17435 XP 1852 school teacher

bohbomborn london d SICsucSLC

017 THOTMO sangiorgisangiormisangiorrnisanglSangi ormi 32 23 nassannassaumassan st 12feb 41 kimballKi roball 4946 wife of artist

S susannahphwrssusannahrogersSusannahRogers harylebcoeharyleboneHarylmarylmaryi ebone XP 1852 mdrodmod keate

b canada d st deorrgeorrgeorge WW ihlihiirn 4041

120 TH saundersalfredsaundersa1fredSaundersAlfred 19 6 elder st oct 44 albion RBL 45 tailortallortaltailor

S willian 1825 spital 198

LC branch norwwnam age bapsapgap addresses baatbapt by whom church emigration occueococcup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup anam Deathdeathplaceplace death XP other inf

327 IMTH savage henry 34 49 wilmotwi loottoot st 2 jun 44 albion RBL 48 navernavenwaverneeverweeverweaver

wh shoreditchShoreditch 4410 bethealbethnal green banks eldereider xp1853xip1853 diarydiaryaandiarymandiarymanaannan

S pay2mpayampayson 1884 prespros WhitechapelwhitechapelbrWhitechadchapel br london brtyr jihlihiralrnl 1841 census rillercooleycomillercooleyco

3283213 TH savage sarah 24 49 wiwilmotimotamot street 2 jun 44 albion RBL 48 emi53 silksilkweaverweaver

uhwh bethealbethnal gr 1821 bethealbethnal green 2 aarapr 45 banks

S payson 1881 1841 census FGRA

0 scammelscamneliScamnelii anne 20 18 juljutjui 41 UUWW jrnarnjml

scagelscawelscanmeltsScanmelismelTSis inm ebeneezer church 10370861037036

0 ScammeliammeilscanmeliscammeliscammellScanmelimellmeil deborah 6 mar 41 UUWW jrnarnjrni

334 TL schiebcatherina33 9 frederick st 2 oct 42 snow aft 51

S london weiwelueinmann1809rvmnn 1909 4 middletonHiddlemiddlemiddieton acresbensonAcresacressensonSensonBenson XP 1852 mcgaw co

salt lake city 1866 SafieldsaafieldsoafieldSo11 field also anne hariamariamarlamaniamanla 10 sabina 9 badtgadtsapt 28 mar 48 by schieb FGRA

333 TLO schick john peter 40 4 middletonhiddieHiddlemiddieton acres30acres3o oct42 snow elder emi52 pianofortpiapianofortenofort maker

S cblnzcbinz rhnsahns germgams 1802 9 cleveland st benson XPXIP 1852 carpenter

CR salt lake citicity 188691886 9 frederick st regents p10pir WW jrnl3m1 mem ath6th ward pioneer st

346 THTM sexton Catherinecatherine3838 19 canden st aug 45 EH davis

S Islingtonillingtontsiisiislingtonin-intoetoeton

345 thuTWTHL sexton Jeremiah3eremiah33jeremiah3333 19 camden st 16 nov45 davis priest 47 painter i glas

S islinstlingtonIsillingtonislington 199

LC branch sambsamenamemame age bap addresses badtbaptbdpt by nhowhomhonhannhamwhomR church emigration ococcueoccup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup anam if oeatholace0eathplace death XP other inf

330 THBFTMBF shortonshorten david 27 5 handcourtHandCourt 10 jul 42 elder aft 1856 laboubaboulabourerlablaboureurourerr

S norfolkshiremorfolkshireNorfolkshireshine 1814 hoborn 3 jun 42 brooks chemist

Loadenoqdenden weber ut 1882 prespros tabernacle walk br 18501860 lingtonIsillingtonislington br FGRA

TKTH shorten elizabel i zab 28 ccninercecomercecomarce rw 3 jun 41 servant

JLS pimpimiicopimlicoi co 44

331 TNLF shortenharrietShorten Harriet 27 5 hand court 20 jan42 lewzey aft 1856

S SurreysurreyuoodyearsurreywoodyearWoodyear 18141914 holbornholhoi boabom chemist

oden utah 1893 FGRA

083 T SilvestersilvesterqeosilvestergeoGeo 20 queen st 1842 10445

T silvester mary 20 queen st 10445

Clericclericenwellclerlcenwellenwell

0 smith christopher 15 ironmonger rw 16 dec Woodruff40uoodruff40woodruff40 UWWW jaljmljrnl aparappr watchmaker

cornelius 666 7 p 27

262 smith caroline 14 on richards st 21 sep 44

in 1841 611

147 THTM smith ewa 26 5 grove terrace 12 har46mar46 EH davis 20har4782onar478

Hcmamertonhcmertonhamertonrtonarton walk

145 TH smith jemimajamima 5 grove terrace 2 aarapr 45 davidavis s 20348 laundress

146 T smismithth jesse 20348

XP 1866 P & PHPM

261 saisalsmithsmi th HarmaryannemaryAnne 21 1 richards 2ooct200ct 40 see HAMA grimsdell for info wading maker

wlmalMAY oldq1dstst st lukes 21 sedseosep 44 61lgil611 200

LC branch naranarenamemama atragrage bap addresses baatbaptt by whomwncm church emigration OCCUR eng birthplace birth status XOXG OCCUR AsAM deatoeatholacelace death XP other inf

0 smithsmi th samuelsamue1 23 280ec 41 snow eldereiderolder emi 1843 swentonswantonsmentonswanswenloatonbon irrmerchantchant CR Buckingbudnnghamshbuckinghamshhamsh isis1818 london XP 1850 jupjurjudge mayor

brigham cityutci imsINS1895 missionary in london historichistoricalaaa1 recordrd P S& PHP FGRA

0 saisalsmisaithsalthsmithth maryanne 30 juljutjui 42 emi 1843 swanton

mdlsex lines 1811 harrow XP 1850 aaron johnson

brinhambriqhambriqharo miimixNIXcity ut 1903 FGRA

snow lorenzo 20 27 bath place miss pipreses minister

new road Itronmonoer1 aerqer rawramrowromRON census sr 438783438.783 E 10 p 12112

329 tfTM stains john 20 7 love lane 10 juijutjul4242 cooperr CO 45

shadwellShadNeltweilmeil

339 LNLM staples ann 10 22 neoannacresnemann acresacnes 3 febfob 42 glover ani&ni 1852

S gloucester 1831 S vine st XP

US 1928 waterwaterlooI1 00oo rd

TL staples george 15 22 mew anne st 20 feb43 martin emi 1850 capt by indians

S worcester 1834 waterlwalterlwaterloo 20 febfob 48 farmerfarmen

elsinore utah Is1890

337 TL staples jaresjanesjames 31 22 new acomacorn st 18 dec 41Glover41glover41g1over teachrteache 5 jan 51 master mason

bathsomersetbath somerset 1810 waterloo rd 20 mar 51 master mason BY

salt lake city 18741974 Pprominentwoiwol nent mason icetticeotleept hasonmason bk P & PM familyfamicami I1 y emiemifewfew at time

338 TL staples sarah 34 22 new ann 25 dec 41 glover 1852

S alousglous Umlimbrickbrick 1804 8 vine sirstr

elsinoregi sinore ivrsvr uu889ut1889 waterloo rd red cheltenhamCheltenhan FGRA 201

LC branch name age bapaapgap addresses baatbapt by whom church emigration OCCUR eng birthplace birth status XO occupawOCCUR AB oeatnolaceoeathplace death XP other inf

031 THTM stevenson mary 24 4 gigreenem st 2 febfob 43 cooperr 15445 nauvoo temptopietopleI1 e

S 1817 paddinqtpaddinqtonpaddington gr tbo birminqhambinninqftambirmingham endowendowmentEndoMnent req

030 THTM stevenson karynarymary 60 4 gjeeigjecigreen st 2 febfob 43 cooper 15445

S 1779 paddinqtonpaddington gr bo birminghambirminqhano

249 TL stokesstores harriet middlesex hospHM 10 aarapr 43 lewsey

S iliIII111nitHITT stony margaret 38 tower of london 4 oct 43 RBL 49

S story 1805

0 taylor edward 12 herneshenneshermes st 6jun8446junl844 calmscairns emi 1845 to nauvoomauvoo

london 1828 PentpentonvillepentionvillePentimentonville HI 73anajan7jan 1844 XP 1848 drove ox team

salt likelakekike city 181896 belderbewdernewspaper workworkermorker

357 TH Taylortaylorelizabthtay1ore1izabthElizabth 26 88 grove st ISM 45 nickolson RBL 48

S 1822 camden town 7 mar 46 henderson XP 1856 capt banks tr

Somerssomerstownscxnerstowntown

taylor john 19 15 george st 60ct 40 older bro of edward 6 PAMA

Pentpentonvilleonville

OC taylor maryanneHarnaryAnne I11 weutleutie CorningCohingstmingStSt 25hay25may 48 emi1855 serviceinservicein

london 1831 1851 piercy XP 1859

salt lakelairetaire city IM1928 md to john thomas rrittmerrittXe shoecuttershoecutter whoww d XP md to elanson tuttletuttietut 356 THTM taylor robert 25 88 grove st 15 juljutjui Henders4shenders45henders45 teacher ingineeringingeringineer

S 1821 candencondenwm v town 7 mar 46 crew RBL 48 XP 1856 cap banks train 202

LC branch namname age bapsapgap addresses baatbapt by whanwhonwhamwhom church emigration occueoccup eng birthplace birth status XO occueoccup AsAM osallosatloeatholaceiacelaceaiace deathobeth XPyp other inf

360 HN terry elizabeth 3 golgowgowergomer PIpl 0048CD As

new toadroadmoad

359 TH terry john 3 gonergowergomer PI

new road

353 TH thackerthaoThadceroer bunaema 17 66 bridportBridport PIpl aug 45 davis 7 oct 48

hertonherionhortonmorion hill sirstr haclnhacenhadmev rd

352 TH thackerThadcer narymarymmry 50 66 Bridgridbnctwrtbridportport PI aug 41 adams RBL 49

hortonbethnalgrhorton80thnalgr jul 46 davis

355 THTN TtoornbstoonToora tx nbsbs emnagwm is18 20 sagnsagnagasnabagnagewellsftda I1 I1 srdard aug 45 EH davis

056 tucker anne 221047

023 tudcerrtattsgeotuckermattsgeo c046

016 tyler sophia rol44r8l44

015 tylertyler thansthamsthoms rbl44r8l44

362 TH vennor elizab horsteadhopsteadhampstead rd 30 sep42 sromsnow

S oeptforddeptforddepthfordDeptford

361 TH vennorrlchardvennorrichardVennorRichard 6 ltlcharlesst 3 aarapr 42 lewzey priest

S york square 10 nov 41lc CO 47

CR ioeotfordafordtftfordord 203

LC branch naneplainmane age bap addresses baatbapt by whonwhomemms church emigration OCCUR eng birthplace birth status xoXG OCCUR ANAM beati0eatioeatholacer lace death XP other inf

367 T wawatfordI1 ford echardedwardedmardedmand 14 wilmot st 5 nov 45 davis ralr8l 48 cabinet maker

S 1832 bethnalbetheal green

363 THTM WarturwarturtonanwarburtonanneWarburtontonAnAnne red kingston rilr8lftbl 47

8 ceburcoburcoburqhpi1 baglater

127 TL watewatermaneliraWatermannelizaanelizaeltraeitraElira william hewsnewsmews 10 aarapr 43 booth cloCO 46

0 watkins hannah cross sirstrsin haynaymay 41 albion emi 41 school mistress

hariamariameriamerlamenlamenle lawardlampard 1800 lingtonIsillingtonislington emerald

b MeligmeligbmnarvlcbonebM d1 brishbrighbriahambridahamam city 18691969 tawWIWCAW autobautom XP 1852

0 watkins willialwillim1 cross sirstr falfallfelifeil1 40 albion emi 41 trtrunkmjunkowin

lintonIsislinton 171799 lingtonIsillingtonislington XP 1852 fanner britbrima city littitut 18618644 mention WIWWLW autobautom and london conference hist record

0 watkins wnwo I1 14 cross str haymay 41 albion emerald scholar

S lingtonIsillingtonislington 1827 lingtonIsillingtonislington XP 1852 booickeeper

bri&hmbriahambridaham citicity dtut 1911 WLW aulda 1 1841 census patriarch businessman

025 THTM watts anne 39 garstonehaggarstonehaggerstoneHag jan 44 rbl45

024 TM watts george 42 dec 43 rbl45r8l45

1801

T wellsweilswelisyells sophia 22 36 noel sirstr 12 jan 44 rec shef

S

rouROL 48 204

LC branch sannannamname age bap addresses baatbapt by whomw 1 church emigration occueoccupoccupengeng birthplace birth status XO occueoccupamoccup am beatioeatioeathplacelace death JPXP other inf

west john lingtonIsillingtonislington br 3 sep 48413 grimsdale harriedmarried philisphi lisits cooperr

brother of charles ustwast

FGRA

366 TL west narymary 44 12 castle st 29 hay42may42 lewzey emi the costswestswosts ntybaynaymay

S 17961798 cierClerclerkenwellclertcenwenkenneilkenwell 21 fb53feb53 have belonged to

4 childrenchildrenelizabethjohnelizwth john susanna rebeccarebecca lucy udderupperI1 verper st ind ch

364 TK wetwest william 47 12 castle sirstr 29 hay42nay42 lewzey eld 47 emiermlemmi schoolmaster

S clclertrenwellericeericenwenwe 11 21 feb 53 carpenter

the castle st address is also name and add of branch org I11 aarnarmar 1844I1

020 T WestbroowestbroolrWestwostbracbrocbroo lr sarah 29 esmthesmahewouth str 22 naymay 42 CO 46

hmptonamptonhampton

md janesjames fermier 11444

149 whestone elelizabI1 zab 13 ququidrseti cksetakset rw 44 lewzey arfnrf 148149 whetsonUhetson jamsjames 13 ququidrseti ckwt rw naymay 42 lewsey COCD 46

374 T whitaker john 29 36 haihashomerr sirstrsin 13 juj43ju143 vennor

S karyiharytebonemaryleboneMaryl ebone

cumberland HM paddington

370 thuTKTHL williamwi I1 I1 lawlamiam amann 42 4 artillery terr 16 sep 41 albion upperr st ind vaswastminsteruestfliinster bro and sister P williwillians

bentnentqentnt str mentioned in londonlondom conf16conf lgig16.16 kaynaymay 41

369 T lliamswilliamsNi philp 56 4 artillery terr 16 sepalsep4lsep41 albion glass cutter

S harylebonemaryleboneHarylmerylMaryl ebone 1791 westminster snow upperr str ind

lobiob1091018 beregentmt sr Lvtestminsterwestminsterjestminsterhestjestminster branch 205

bibliography OF norksMORKSWORKS CITED abbreviations

BYU manuscripts collection harold B lee library brigham young university provo LDS church archives library archives historical department of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints salt lake city FHL family history library family history department of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints salt lake city

PRIMARY SOURCES alienallenailen james B and thomas G alexander eds manchester Morcormonsmormonsmons the journal of williammi hi am daytonclayton salt lake city and santa barbara peregrine smith 1974 booth charles on the city london physical pattern and social struct- ure chicago university of chicago press 1967 candland david journal and documents 184119011841 1901 manuscript 77 census 1841 london finsburyainsburyFins bury division tower hamlets division st lukes middlesex division bethealbethnal green church division FHL census 1850 federal illinois missouri FHL census 1855 state iowa territory FHL census 1852 1860 1870 utah territory FHL covington berrill life story manuscript 108 HBL covington edward life story manuscript 109 HBL covington elizabeth hodges life story manuscript 110 HBL davis elisha hildebrand journal account of missionary labors in the east and in englandgiandengland patriarchal and other blessiblessings FHL engles friedrich the condition of the working class in england 1845 henderson WO and WH chaloner trans and eds oxford oxford university press 1886 european card index crossing the ocean index on film FHL 206 hodgert robert journal of robert hodgert A pioneer ancestor private printing by the family of robert hodgert copy on film FHL latter day saint millennial star monthly Newnewpapernewspaperpaper from april 1840 to june 1845 vol 191 9 184018471840 1847 copy on film FHL london conference membership records

london branch FHL 87013

clerkenwehClerkencl erkenwewelweHI1 I1 FHL 86998

maryleboneMaryl ebone FHL 87018

kensal FHL 87008

poplar FHL 87028

theobalds road FHL 87036 westminster marriages fhl87038 woolwich FHL 87039

finsburyainsburyFins bury FHL 86998 manuscript history of the units of the church british mission 8 mar 1839151839 15 jan 1843 LDS church archives cruhcrmh 1140 17 manuscript history of the units of the church vol I1 london conference 1840551840 55 LDS church archives CR mh 5006 margetts philip journal of mission to london 1857 handwritten copy of original on file in FHL and BYU mayhew henry labour and the laboring class london labour and the london poor vol II11 london croon helm limited 1945 minnie margetts index on film of english LDS records FHL name index to the library of congress collection of mormon diaries logan utah state university press 1971 FHC jarvis anne sketch reel 126 jarvis george frederick sketch reel 107 pearce jean rio griffiths baker diary reel 91 sangiovani susannah rogers keate reminiscences reel 1329 savage nephi miles memoirs of henry savage reel 612 207 nauvoo restoration index on microfichemicrofiche LDS reference counter FHL nauvoo social histohistory index on microfichemicrofiche LDS reference counter FHL nonconformist church index printouts parish registers IGI FHL

upper street independent FHLC bri 1238605 item 15

irvingite church duncan st FHLC bri 1238605 item 17 newman street catholic apostolic st maryleboneMaryl ebone FHLC bri 1037086 piercy franklin A route from liverpool to great salt lake valleyvaileyvaivat ley fawn M brodie ed cambridge harvard university press 1962 poulter thomas life of thomas ambrose poulter from his diary utah pioneer biographies 44 vols 4494 165 copy of typed manu scripts bound and stored FHL richie J ewing the Morcormonsmormonsmons the religious life of london 1870 london tinsley brothers 1870 p343 351 LDS archives smith george A journal of travels in england 1840 LDS archives MS f 96 2419424 19 4 2 smith joseph history of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints 7 vols BH roberts ed salt lake city desert book co 1951 snow lorenzo journal and letterbookLetter book 16 feb 1841 nov 1842 journal 183518451835 1845 LDS archives staples james james staples masons time book LDS archives CR 57 bxax 9 fd 1 1 family history library LDS reference DOC 303 staples jameslimbrickJames Limbrick sarah family history general pedigree file 1225 FHL utah immiimmigrationration card index crossing the plains index on film FHL watkins william lampard autobiography and histhistory typed copy of ori ginal LDS archives west charles HJ journal of charles HJ west typed copy reproduced by the salt lake genealogical society 1964 wilford woodruff journals scott G kenny ed vols I1 II11 midvale signature books 1983 young brigham journal of discourses 27 vols london 35 cewinjewin st 1857 reprint salt lake city 1964 volume IV 208

SECONDARY SOURCES alienallenailen james B and glen M leonard the story of the latter day saints salt lake city deseret book company 1976 andrus hyrum L and richard E bennett eds mormon manuscripts to 1846 A guide to the holdings of the harold B lee library provo harold B lee library brigham young university 1977 arrington leonard brigham young american moses new york alfred A knopf 1985 bassett neinelnet lo10 H genealogical data on the family of nathaniel jenkins privately printed manuscript of file aug 1973 FHL bleak james godson bleak family record privately published by the bleak family organization 19861980 FHL bouck clarice norma compiler the life of mary anne taylor merrett tuttletuttie A utah pioneer of 1859 personal copy bartholomews reference atlas of greater london edinburgh john bartholomew and son ltd 1948 bermant chaim londons east end new york mcmillan publishing co 1976 bitton davis guide to mormon diaries and autobiographies provo brigham young university press 1977 bloxham V ben james R moss and larry C porter eds truth willhi 11 prevail the rise of the church of jesus christchri st of latter day saints in the british isles 183719871837 1987 cambridge cambridge university press 1987 carter kate ed our pioneer heritage vol 5 salt lake city daughters of utah pioneers 1955 heart throbs of the hestnestwest vol 6 salt lake city daughters of utah pioneers 1945 cornwall rebecca and leonard J arrington rescue of the 1856 handcart companies provo charles redd center for western studies 1982 crawley peter and david J whittakerNhittaker mormon imprints in great britain and the empire 183618571836 1857 provo friends of the BYU library 1987 diagram of greater london boundaries london boroughs and coucounty and cityolty of london map drawer 466 FHL early church information card catalog card file index LDS reference FHL 209 easton susan ward compiler index to willymartinWilly Martin handcart co of 1856 copy of typed manuscript 1984 FHL

compiler index to pioneers of 1847 copy of typed manuscript 1981 FHL compiler membership of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints 1830481830 48 vol I1 to XLVIII provo BYU religious studies center esshom frank pioneers and prominent men of utah salt lake city west- ern epics inc 1966idooivoo evans richard L A century of mormonism in great britain salsaisaltsaitt lake city deseret news press 1937 1986 everton george B sr ed the handybook for genealogists logan ever- ton publishers 1971 fales susan the nonconformists of leeds in the early victorian era A study in social composition A thesis presented to the depart ment of history brigham young university 1984 fried elman ed charles booths london new york pantheon books divi- sion of random house inc 1968 gibbons francis lorenzo snow salt lake city deseret book press 1985 hafen leroy R and anne W hafen handcartsHand carts to zion 1856601856 60 glendale arthur H clarke co 1960 hamilton C mark the A monument to a people salt lake city university sources inc 1983 harrison john FC the early victorians 1832 51 glasgow william collins and son limited 1984

the second coming popular Millinmi 11inarianismmillinarianismmillenarianismarianism new jersey rutgarsrutgers university press 1981 hayes marie that other might know william and hannah maria lampard watkins typed manuscript on file FHL heaton elsie S pioneers of utah art logan educational printing ser vice 1968 hopkins eric A social history of the english working classes 181519451815 1945 london edward arnold publishers ltd 1979 index to the journal history of the church microfilm index FHL ingliss K S churches and the working classes in victorian england london routledge and degan 1963 210 jenson andrew church chronology A record of important events and2nd printing salt lake city deseret news 1899 jenson andrew compiler journal history of the church day by day account of the history of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints 1840451840 45 manuscript on film FHL

journal history of the church index FHL

latterlatterdayday saint biographical encyclopedia A compilation of biographical sketches of prominent men and women in the church of jesus christ of latter day saints 4 vols salt lake city utah printing company et al 1901 36 reprint edition salt lake city western epic 1971 kearl JR clayne L pope and larry wimmer index to the 1850 1860 1870 census of utah baltimore genealogical publishing co inc 1981 lewis samuel A topographical dictionary of england 1845 vol I1 ath5th ed cierclerkenwellclerkenwetlClerkenwellhenwell london S lewis tco& co 13 finsburyFinsainsburybury PIpl 1845 logue larry A sermon in the deseret belief and behavior in early st george ut urbana and chicago university of illiiiililillii111 press 1980 mayhew henry the cormonsmormons 1812 1887 rare book university of utah collection merrmerrillilllii W earl compiler diamond jubilee history of lehi arizona mesa mesa tribune printers 1952 mcleod hugh class and religion in the late victorian city london croon helm ltd 1974 mudie smith richard ed the religious life of london london hodder and stoughton 1945 chapter by george haw the problem of greater london information based on demographics from the 1851 and 1901 london census name index to the library of congress collection of mormon diaries west ern texas society series logan utah state university press 1971 nielson louise lyman and doris D flack compilers the dutson earlifamilparlifamilyfami1y histhistory privately printed 1957 FHL quennell marjorie and CHB quennell A history of everyday things in england 173318511733 1851 vol lilliiIII111 london BT batesfordBatesford ltd 1977 richens fanny J and maxine R wright compilers henefer our valleyvailey home salt lake city utah printing co 1959 robson LL the convict settlers of australia melbourne university of melbourne press 1978 211 sangiovanni susannah rogers keate pickett utah pioneer biographies 44 vols 1713 copy of typed manuscript bound and stored FHL seamans LCB life in victorian london london BT batsford ltd 1963 sonne conway saints on the seas A maritime history of mormon migration 183018901830 1890 salt lake city university of utah press 1983 ships saintsaintss and rinersmarinersmarineroMa A maritime encyclopedia of mormon migration 183018901830 1890 salt lake city university of utah press 1986 sons of the utah pioneers box elder chapter ed box eiderelder lore brig- ham city utah printed by box elder news and journal 1951 stegner wallace the gathering of zion the story of the mormon trail london mcgraw hillhi 11 1964 chapter 7 artist in transit chapter 8 ordeal by handcart taylor PAM expectations westward the cormonsmormons and the emigration of their british converts in the nineteenth centuryCen tully ithaca new york corneicornetcorneilcornell 1 university press 1966 tobias JJ urban crime in victorian london new york schocken books 1972 originally published as crime and industrial society in the 19th century ward william reginald religion and society in england 179018501790 1850 lon- don BT ralsBalSbatsfordford limited 1972 watkins william genealogical and historical data information on film FHL weightman gavin and steve humphries the makingofMakinmakinggofof modern london 181519141815 1914 london sedgewick and jackson limited 1985 wohl AS the housing of the working classes in london the histhistory of working class housing SD chapman ed london newton abbott 1971

ARTICLES alienallenailen james B and thorpe malcolm R the mission of the twelve to england 1840411840 41 mormon apostles and the working class BYU studies 15 provo summer 1975 4499 harris jan F Morcormonsmormonsmons in victorian manchester BYU studies 27 provo winter 1987 14756147 56 212 harrison john FC the popular history of early victorian britain A mormon contribution journal of mormon history 14 deseret books 19881988115198811151 15 le cheminant dr wilford hill entitled to be called an artist land- scape and portrait painter frederick piercy utah historical quarterly 48 winter 1980 150 mormonismmorronmormon ism and the Morcormonsmormonsmons london quarterly review mar jun 1854 LDS church archives aqpq M 209 ala 252 the cormonsmormons at home the london review magazine 18 aarapr jul 1862 35190351 90 LDS church archives aqpq M 209 ala 245 a newton marjorie the gathering of the australian saints in the 1850s BYU studies 27 provo spring 1987 26778267 78 pratt david H and smart paul life aboard and immigrant ship world conference on records volvoi 5 pt 18 salt lake city corporation of the president of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints 1979 steel donald J MA registers of british conformistnonconformistnon groups as a genealogical source world conference on records C 10 saltsaitsalsai t lake city corporation of the president of the church of jesus christ of latter day saints 1969 thorpe malcolm R the religious backgrounds of mormon converts in britain 183718521837 1852 journal of mormon histhistory 09771977 445555 walker ronald cradling mormonism the rise of the gospel in early victorian england BYU studies 27 provo winter 1987 125 36 whittaker david J early mormon Pamphleteerpamphleteeringing journal of mormon histhistory provo 1977 438 WHAT ANAM I1 AND MY BRETHREN HERE forafor7FOR THE firstfir5tf1r5t LONDON fortionmortionmopfonsMORisonlsontION 3 13401840logo 45

lanonelynone lynne watkins jorgensen

department of history

M A degree december 19551988

ABSTRACT

historians have determined hatthatt the visitvisvipsitaitalt to london by the early missionarydiscmisc ionar apostles of the church of jesus christ of atterlatter1 day saints was the greatest disappointment of their proselyting careers this thesis showss 5 that though the mission to london was not numerically successful considering the potentialpotent lallaijal conversion it appealed to the dynamic energetic 11 middling classclacia Ds religious seeker who was produced by the strong nonconformist movement indigenous to london A specific nonconformist group is identified as respondingresrecbondingpondingpondingoing to the preaching of the early apostles this thesis demonstrates that those few converts kept the church alive in london duringdusingdueinghing difficult years it also shows family style conversion with over fiftyf ifty three percent of the london convertconverts emigrating to america

this thesis introduceintroducesI1 s the two sides of greater london as accepted by historians and shows that this geographic influence was prominent in the choice of estylehflifestyle on the western frontier by the london convert most chose to settle along the populated wasatch front where they were able to pursue their london occupations and introduce london life and culture

committee approval id f af5f david H pratt committee chairman t C MV robert C kenzer committee member

9a1teittaitadit C idit ntinei3j0u david C rlontgomemontgomeryry graduateoradGradgraduategraddatedate coodmatorcoodinatorcoordinatorCoodin ator

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