Folklore and Nationalism in Europe During the Long Nineteenth Century National Cultivation of Culture
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Folklore and Nationalism in Europe During the Long Nineteenth Century National Cultivation of Culture Edited by Joep Leerssen Editorial Board John Breuilly, Ina Ferris, Patrick Geary, John Neubauer, Tom Shippey, Anne-Marie Thiesse VOLUME 4 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/ncc National Cultivation of Culture Folklore and Nationalism in Europe During the Edited by Joep Leerssen Long Nineteenth Century Editorial Board John Breuilly, Ina Ferris, Patrick Geary, John Neubauer, Tom Shippey, Anne-Marie Thiesse Edited by Timothy Baycroft and David Hopkin VOLUME 4 LEIDEN • BOSTON The titles published in this series are listed at brill.nl/ncc 2012 Cover illustration: Traditional costumes of Alsace. Reproduction of watercolor by P. Kauffmann (1849–1940) published in 1919 in L’Illustration. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Folklore and nationalism in Europe during the long nineteenth century / edited by Timothy Baycroft and David Hopkin. p. cm. — (National cultivation of culture v.4) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-21158-2 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-21183-4 (e-book) 1. Folklore and nationalism—Europe—History—19th century. 2. National characteristics, European— History—19th century. 3. Philosophy, European—History—19th century. 4. Europe—Social life and customs—19th century. I. Baycroft, Timothy. II. Hopkin, David M., 1966– GR135.F645 2012 398.2094—dc23 2012015314 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.nl/brill-typeface. ISSN 1876-5645 ISBN 978 90 04 21158 2 (hardback) ISBN 978 90 04 21183 4 (e-book) Copyright 2012 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Global Oriental, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. CONTENTS List of Illustrations .......................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................ xi Notes on Contributors ................................................................................... xiii Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 Timothy Baycroft Oral Epic: The Nation Finds a Voice ......................................................... 11 Joep Leerssen Shaping the Voice of the People in Nineteenth-Century Operas .... 27 Krisztina Lajosi Folk Culture and Nation-Building in the Less than Developed World: A Study on the Visual Culture of Citizenship ..................... 49 Ilia Roubanis Ideas of Folk and Nation in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century European Architecture ............................................................................. 69 Peter Blundell Jones The Regional and the Global: Folk Culture at World’s Fairs and the Reinvention of the Nation ............................................................... 99 Angela Schwarz Ethnographic Display and Political Narrative: The Salle de France of the Musée d’Ethnographie du Trocadéro ...................................... 113 Daniel DeGroff Displaying the Arlésienne: Museums, Folklife and Regional Identity in France ...................................................................................... 137 Anne Dymond Folklore as a Weapon: National Identity in German-Annexed Alsace, 1890–1914 ........................................................................................ 161 Detmar Klein vi contents Negotiating Progress and Degeneracy: Irish Antiquaries and the Discovery of the ‘Folk’, 1770–1844 ......................................................... 193 Clare O’Halloran Narrating Scotland: Andrew Lang’s Coloured Fairy Book Collection, The Gold of Fairnilee, and ‘A Creelfull of Celtic Stories’ ........................................................................................................... 207 Sara M. Hines England—The Land without Folklore? ................................................... 227 Jonathan Roper An Imperialist Folklore? Establishing the Folk-Lore Society in London .......................................................................................................... 255 Chris Wingfield and Chris Gosden The Ballad Revival and National Literature: Textual Authority and the Invention of Tradition ...................................................................... 275 David Atkinson National Folklore, National Drama and The Creation of Visual National Identity: The Case of Jón Árnason, Sigurður Guðmundsson and Indriði Einarsson in Iceland ............................. 301 Terry Gunnell Oral Traditions and the Making of the Finnish Nation ...................... 325 Pertti Anttonen Sorrowful Folksong and Nationalism in Nineteenth-Century Finland .......................................................................................................... 351 Vesa Kurkela Folklore beyond Nationalism: Identity Politics and Scientific Cultures in a New Discipline .................................................................. 371 David Hopkin Further Reading ............................................................................................... 403 Index ................................................................................................................... 417 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Roubanis 1. The global dissemination of classicism, notes made by ABNC ............................................................................................................ 58 2. Five franc note, issued by the Bank of France, 1873 ..................... 60 3. 25 LMU drachmas note, issued by Bank of Epirothessally, 1887 60 4. Cupid the bearer of wealth (Greece and Brazil) ............................ 61 5. Commerce and navigation (Greece and Mexico) .......................... 61 6. History overlooking the world (Greece and Chile) ....................... 62 7. The idealised folk european genre ..................................................... 64 8. The equivalence of physical and virtual space in the 1930s, the case study of Turkey ............................................................................... 67 Blundell Jones 1. A.W.N. Pugin, plate from True Principles of Christian or Pointed Architecture 1853, contrasting an exposed Gothic roof structure with a neoclassical false ceiling on exaggerated hangers ........................................................................................................ 74 2. Philip Webb, Red House, Bexleyheath 1859 for William Morris, the corbelled sewing window as seen from outside ..................... 75 3. Philip Webb, Red House, Bexleyheath 1859 for William Morris, the well at the centre of the cloister-courtyard .............................. 76 4. George Devey, design for a cottage, ink presentation drawing, Devey Collection, University of Sheffield ......................................... 77 5. George Devey, Cottage at St Alban’s Court, sketch, Devey Collection, University of Sheffield ...................................................... 78 6. W.R. Lethaby, Brockhampton Church, Herefordshire, 1901 ........ 79 7. W.R. Lethaby, Melsetter House, Hoy, Orkneys, 1898 .................... 80 8. Drawing of hayricks published as fig. 49 in Lethaby’s book Home and Country Arts, 1923 ................................................................ 81 9. Hermann Muthesius, Freudenberg House, Berlin, 1907–8 .......... 83 10. Skansen open air museum, Stockholm, interior of the Oktorp farmhouse from Halland, 18th century .............................................. 85 11. Lars Israel Wahlman, Tjöloholm Castle near Gothenburg, 1904 85 12. Lars Israel Wahlman, own house ‘Tallom’ in a Stockholm suburb 1904–6 ........................................................................................... 86 viii list of illustrations 13. Theodor Fischer, replanning scheme for Munich Bogenhausen, 1898, irregular due to embracing given features, from Theodor Fischer by Winfried Nerdinger ............................................................. 88 14. Theodor Fischer, school on Elisabethplatz, Munich 1901, a public building used to mark a public square ................................ 89 15. Theodor Fischer, Post office building in Hall, Tyrol, Austria, 1910, building ‘Tyrolean’ ......................................................................... 90 16. Hugo Häring, Garkau farm, near Lübeck, Germany, 1924–5: functional forms and natural materials ............................................ 91 17. Gunnar Asplund, Woodland Chapel, Woodland Cemetery, Stockholm 1920 ......................................................................................... 92 18. Gunnar Asplund, design for Little Chapel, 1918, an