DOCSLIB.ORG

Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity in Socio-Ecological Production

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity in Socio-Ecological Production Secretariat of the CBD Technical Series No. Convention on Biological Diversity Sustainable use of biological diversity in socio-ecological production landscapes Background to the ‘Satoyama Initiative for the benefit of biodiversity52 and human well-being’ Japan SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL PRODUCTION LANDSCAPES Background to the ‘Satoyama Initiative for the benefit of biodiversity and human well-being’ Sustainable use of biological diversity in socio-ecological production landscapes Acknowledgements The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Ministry of the Environment of Japan, and the United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies would like to thank those who contributed articles for this volume of the Technical Series. This document has been produced with the financial support of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan and the United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Minis- try of the Environment of Japan, the United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies or the editors. Published by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. ISBN 92-9225-242-9 Copyright © 2010, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity Cover photo credits (from top to bottom): Flickr Creative Commons - Abishesh, Archivio Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre, K. Ichikawa, Flickr Creative Commons - Rita Willaert. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the copyright holders concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication may be reproduced for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holders, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. Citation: Bélair C., Ichikawa K., Wong B.Y. L., and Mulongoy K.J. (Editors) (2010). Sustainable use of biological di- versity in socio-ecological production landscapes. Background to the ‘Satoyama Initiative for the benefit of biodiversity and human well-being.’ Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. Techni- cal Series no. 52, 184 pages. Publication layout and typesetting: Caroline Bélair For further information please contact: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity World Trade Centre 413 St. Jacques, Suite 800 Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2Y 1N9 Tel: 1 (514) 288 2220 Fax: 1 (514) 288 6588 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.cbd.int United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies (UNU-IAS) 6F International Organizations Center Pacifico-Yokohama 1-1-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku Yokohama 220-8502 Japan Tel: +81-45-221-2300 Fax: +81-45-221-2302 Email: [email protected] Websites: http://www.ias.unu.edu http://www.satoyama-initiative.org/en/ 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents Foreword .....................................................................................................................................................................4 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................................5 Overview articles .......................................................................................................................................................7 Bridging managed and natural landscapes. The role of traditional (agri)culture in maintaining the diversity and resilience of social-ecological systems ...............................................................8 Customary sustainable use of biodiversity by indigenous peoples. Case studies relevant to the Satoyama Initiative from Suriname, Guyana, Cameroon and Thailand ...................................22 Satoyama-like landscapes in North America: Diverse landscapes, diverse governance models .......36 Surveying the coverage and remains of the cultural landscapes of Europe while envisioning their conservation............................................. ................................................................................45 Case studies ..............................................................................................................................................................51 Africa The communal forest, wetland, rangeland and agricultural landscape mosaics of the Lower Tana, Kenya: A socio-ecological entity in peril ................................................................54 The Maasai’s shifting modes of subsistence ...............................................................................................63 How farmers in Kitui use wild and agricultural ecosystems to meet their nutritional needs ............67 Changing land-use in the fragile Lake Nyasa catchments of Tanzania: A lowland-highland nexus ..............................................................................................................73 Americas The ayllu system of the Potato Park ...........................................................................................................84 Land use and biodiversity patterns on chacras in northeast Argentina ................................................91 The sustainable use of biodiversity in paddies and fields of Louisiana .................................................95 Forest management through community-based forest enterprises in Ixtlán de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico....................................................................................................98 Asia Kandyan homegardens: A promising land management system in Sri Lanka ...................................102 Village small tank systems: An integrated landscape for adaptation to a changing climate ............109 The owita agroecosystem ...........................................................................................................................113 Land use and natural resource utilization and management in Kampong Cham, Cambodia .........116 Agroforestry homegardens in the rural landscapes of Bangladesh .....................................................120 Homegardens: Sustainable land use systems in Wayanad, Kerala, India ............................................125 Regional circulation that combines biogas power generation with agriculture and livestock husbandry in Kyoto, Japan .............................................................................................................129 Reintroduction of traditional agriculture for the conservation of natural, historic, and cultural heritage in the Zushi-Onoji region, Machida City, Tokyo, Japan .............................................132 Town revitalization through the promotion of historical and cultural heritage in the community of Kanakura, Machino Town, Wajima City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan ............136 Europe BurrenLIFE - Farming for conservation in the Burren .........................................................................142 The dehesa/mantado landscape .................................................................................................................149 Cinque Terre National Park: Where farmland meets the sea ...............................................................152 Challenges in collective action for natural resource management: A study of common property regimes in the municipality of Guitiriz (northwest of Spain) ..................................157 Landscape management in Germany ......................................................................................................163 Oceania Living by utilizing various modified natural resources in the Solomon Islands ................................168 Nature-friendly agriculture in the State of Queensland, Australia ......................................................172 Synthesis of case studies ......................................................................................................................................178 Annex: Paris Declaration ....................................................................................................................................182 3 Sustainable use of biological diversity in socio-ecological production landscapes Foreword We are pleased to introduce this volume of the Tech- nical Series of the Convention on Biological Diversity, which focuses on the sustainable use of biodiversity. Life is neither possible nor worth living without all the goods and services we derive from biodiversity, including, inter alia, the provision of our food and medicines, spiritual and cultural fulfilment, water and air purification, crop pollination, erosion control and the regulation of climate and natural disasters. Whether or not we continue to de- rive benefits from biodiversity will depend upon how we use it and how our activities impact our natural environment. Recent scientific assessments document that unsustainable use of the goods and services we derive from ecosystems, for example through deforestation, overexploitation of natural resources and unplanned urbanization, has led to biodiversity loss and degrada- tion of ecosystem services with increasingly serious consequences for the future of nature and human well- being, food security, healthcare and human society in general. The 193
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ecological Economics and Sustainable Forest Management: Developing a Transdisciplinary Approach for the Carpathian Mountains
    ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS AND SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT: DEVELOPING A TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH FOR THE CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS Edited by I.P. Soloviy and W.S. Keeton Ukrainian National Forestry University Press, Lviv © Ihor P. Soloviy and William S. Keeton © Ukrainian National Forestry University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by Ukrainian National Forestry University Press Gen. Chuprynky 103 Lviv 79057 Ukraine E-mail: [email protected] Ecological economics and sustainable forest management: developing a transdisciplinary approach for the Carpathian Mountains. Edited by I.P. Soloviy, W.S. Keeton. – Lviv : Ukrainian National Forestry University Press, Liga-Pres, 2009. − 432 p. – Statistics: fig. 28, tables 67 , bibliography 686 . The modern scientific conceptions and approaches of ecological economics and sustainable forestry are presented in the book. The attention is given especially to the possibility of the integration of these concepts towards solving the real ecological and economic problems of mountain territories and its sustainable development. The ways of sustainability of forest sector approaching have been proposed using the Ukrainian Carpathian Mountains as a case study. The book will be a useful source for scientists and experts in the field of forest and environmental policies, forest economics and management, as well as for the broad nature conservation publicity. Printed and bound in Ukraine by Omelchenko V. G. LTD Kozelnytska 4, Lviv, Ukraine, phone + 38 0322 98 0380 ISBN 978-966-397-109-0 ЕКОЛОГІЧНА ЕКОНОМІКА ТА МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ СТАЛОГО ЛІСОВОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА: РОЗВИТОК ТРАНСДИСЦИПЛІНАРНОГО ПІДХОДУ ДО КАРПАТСЬКИХ ГІР За науковою редакцією І.
    [Show full text]
  • E-Content-Januaray (2021)
    K.N.G.Arts College for women Department of Botany I B.SC ALLIED BOTANY E-content-Januaray (2021) S.NO E-CONENT 1 UNIT-I 2 UNIT-III 3 UNITIV 18K2ZAB3 ALLIED BOTANY: TAXONOMY, ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, HORTICULTURE AND ECOLOGY UNIT-I: TAXONOMY General outline of Bentham and Hooker’s classification. Detailed study and economic importance of the families: Rutaceae, Leguminosae, Cucurbitaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Poaceae. UNIT-III: EMBRYOLOGY Structure of mature anther and Ovule, Types of ovule. Double fertilization. Development of dicot embryo. UNIT-IV: HORTICULTURE Scope and Importance of Horticulture. Propagation method: Cutting, layering and grafting. Bonsai technique UNIT – I Dr.A.Pauline Fathima Mary, Guest lecturer in Botany, K.N.G.Arts College for Women (A). Thanjavur. UNIT III & IV Dr.S.Gandhimathi & Dr.A.Pauline Fathima Mary , Guest lecturer in Botany, K.N.G.Arts College for Women (A). Thanjavur. REFERENCES 1. Pandey B.P., 2001, Taxonomy. Of Angiosperms,S.Chand & company.Ltd.Newdelhi. 2. Pandey B.P., 2015(Edn), Plant Taxonomy. New central Book Agency,pvt Lit,New Delhi. 3. Rajaram,P.allied Botany 1983.CollegeBook Center.Thanjavur. 4. Kumar,K.N.,1999.Introduction of Horticulture ,Rajalakshmi Publication,Nagerkoil. UNIT – I BENTHAM AND HOOKER'S CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS The outline of Bentham and Hooker's classification of plants is given below. The seeded plants are divided into three classes ' Dicotyledonae,Gymnospermae and Monocotyledonae Bentham and Hooker's classification of plants t is a natural system of classification and is based on important characters of the plants. Even today this system is being followed in India, United Kingdom and several other Commonwealth countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Agriculture Whitepaper
    Sustainable Agriculture Whitepaper Jason Bradford and Craig Wichner Local ● Organic ● Sustainable ● Profitable Sustainable Farmland LP April 8, 2009 Jason Bradford, Ph.D. and Craig Wichner May 2009 FarmlandLP.com Sustainable Agriculture Whitepaper Contents 1. Framing the Discussion 2. The Impetus for Change 3. Defining Sustainable Agriculture 4. Benefits of Sustainable Agriculture 5. What A Sustainable Agriculture System Will Look Like Framing the Discussion: Sustainable Agriculture = Sustainable Society Developing a sustainable agriculture is a necessary part of creating a sustainable society. The root of the word sustainable is the verb, to sustain, which means to nourish and prolong. In social and environmental contexts we say something is sustainable when we believe it can persist indefinitely without exhausting resources or causing lasting damage. The actions we take as individuals are at the core of both the problems and the solutions. Just by purchasing conventional goods at your local supermarket, you cause 4 lbs of pesticides to be put into the environment each year. The food supply chain averages of 4200 miles to reach your plate, when it could come from local farms and use a fraction of the transportation fuels. And the 2.6 acres of U.S. farmland (your pro-rata share) have lost 50% of the carbon in the soil since 1907, the equivalent CO2 of burning 90 barrels of oil – on top of your normal carbon emissions. Cumulatively, agriculture impacts our society at a scope and scale that few appreciate, far beyond the initial realms of our food safety, quality, and the local environment. Due to the scale of natural resources required to provide food, fiber and fuel to 6.7 billion people, agriculture requires continued global-scale supplies of fertile land, clean water, fossil fuels, fertilizers, pesticides, and transportation infrastructure.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of a Rapidly Evolving Clade: the Cichlid Fishes of Lake Malawi
    Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 96, pp. 5107–5110, April 1999 Evolution Phylogeny of a rapidly evolving clade: The cichlid fishes of Lake Malawi, East Africa (adaptive radiationysexual selectionyspeciationyamplified fragment length polymorphismylineage sorting) R. C. ALBERTSON,J.A.MARKERT,P.D.DANLEY, AND T. D. KOCHER† Department of Zoology and Program in Genetics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 Communicated by John C. Avise, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, March 12, 1999 (received for review December 17, 1998) ABSTRACT Lake Malawi contains a flock of >500 spe- sponsible for speciation, then we expect that sister taxa will cies of cichlid fish that have evolved from a common ancestor frequently differ in color pattern but not morphology. within the last million years. The rapid diversification of this Most attempts to determine the relationships among cichlid group has been attributed to morphological adaptation and to species have used morphological characters, which may be sexual selection, but the relative timing and importance of prone to convergence (8). Molecular sequences normally these mechanisms is not known. A phylogeny of the group provide the independent estimate of phylogeny needed to infer would help identify the role each mechanism has played in the evolutionary mechanisms. The Lake Malawi cichlids, however, evolution of the flock. Previous attempts to reconstruct the are speciating faster than alleles can become fixed within a relationships among these taxa using molecular methods have species (9, 10). The coalescence of mtDNA haplotypes found been frustrated by the persistence of ancestral polymorphisms within populations predates the origin of many species (11). In within species.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Document
    African countries and neighbouring islands covered by the Synopsis. S T R E L I T Z I A 23 Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands by J.P. Roux Pretoria 2009 S T R E L I T Z I A This series has replaced Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa and Annals of the Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardens which SANBI inherited from its predecessor organisations. The plant genus Strelitzia occurs naturally in the eastern parts of southern Africa. It comprises three arborescent species, known as wild bananas, and two acaulescent species, known as crane flowers or bird-of-paradise flowers. The logo of the South African National Biodiversity Institute is based on the striking inflorescence of Strelitzia reginae, a native of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal that has become a garden favourite worldwide. It sym- bolises the commitment of the Institute to champion the exploration, conservation, sustain- able use, appreciation and enjoyment of South Africa’s exceptionally rich biodiversity for all people. J.P. Roux South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbarium, Cape Town SCIENTIFIC EDITOR: Gerrit Germishuizen TECHNICAL EDITOR: Emsie du Plessis DESIGN & LAYOUT: Elizma Fouché COVER DESIGN: Elizma Fouché, incorporating Blechnum palmiforme on Gough Island PHOTOGRAPHS J.P. Roux Citing this publication ROUX, J.P. 2009. Synopsis of the Lycopodiophyta and Pteridophyta of Africa, Madagascar and neighbouring islands. Strelitzia 23. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. ISBN: 978-1-919976-48-8 © Published by: South African National Biodiversity Institute. Obtainable from: SANBI Bookshop, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • UNU-IAS Policy Report
    UNU-IAS Policy Report Cities, Biodiversity and Governance: Perspectives and Challenges of the Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity at the City Level The United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies (UNU-IAS) is a global think tank whose mission is “to advance knowledge and promote learning for policy-making to meet the challenges of sustainable development”. UNU-IAS undertakes research and postgraduate education to identify and address strategic issues of concern for all humankind, for governments, decision-makers, and particularly, for developing countries. Established in 1996, the Institute convenes expertise from disciplines such as economics, law, social and natural sciences to better understand and contribute creative solutions to pressing global concerns, with research and programmatic activities related to current debates on sustainable development: . Biodiplomacy Initiative . Ecosystem Services Assessment . Satoyama Initiative . Sustainable Development Governance . Education for Sustainable Development . Marine Governance . Traditional Knowledge Initiative . Science and Technology for Sustainable Societies . Sustainable Urban Futures UNU-IAS, based in Yokohama, Japan, has two International Operating Units: the Operating Unit Ishikawa/Kanazawa (OUIK) in Japan, and the Traditional Knowledge Initiative (TKI) in Australia. UNU-IAS Policy Report Cities, Biodiversity and Governance: Perspectives and Challenges of the Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity at the City Level Jose Antonio
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Mioeuoticus (Lorisiformes, Primates) from the Early Middle Miocene of Kenya
    ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCE Vol. 125(2), 59–65, 2017 A new species of Mioeuoticus (Lorisiformes, Primates) from the early Middle Miocene of Kenya Yutaka KUNIMATSU1*, Hiroshi TSUJIKAWA2, Masato NAKATSUKASA3, Daisuke SHIMIZU3, Naomichi OGIHARA4, Yasuhiro KIKUCHI5, Yoshihiko NAKANO6, Tomo TAKANO7, Naoki MORIMOTO3, Hidemi ISHIDA8 1Faculty of Business Administration, Ryukoku University, Kyoto 612-8577, Japan 2Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Sendai 981-8551, Japan 3Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan 5Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan 6Graduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan 7Japan Monkey Center, Inuyama 484-0081, Japan 8Professor Emeritus, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan Received 24 November 2016; accepted 22 March 2017 Abstract We here describe a prosimian specimen discovered from the early Middle Miocene (~15 Ma) of Nachola, northern Kenya. It is a right maxilla that preserves P4–M3, and is assigned to a new species of the Miocene lorisid genus Mioeuoticus. Previously, Mioeuoticus was known from the Early Miocene of East Africa. The Nachola specimen is therefore the first discovery of this genus from the Middle Mi- ocene. The presence of a new lorisid species in the Nachola fauna indicates a forested paleoenvironment for this locality, consistent with previously known evidence including the abundance of large-bodied hominoid fossils (Nacholapithecus kerioi), the dominance of browsers among the herbivore fauna, and the presence of plenty of petrified wood.
    [Show full text]
  • The Identity of Pseudotropheus Elongatus, with the Description of P. Longior from Mbamba Bay, Tanzania, and Notes on Genyochromis Mento (Teleostei: Cichlidae)
    97 Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 7, No.2, pp. 97-110,12 figs.,1 tab., September 1996 © 1996 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Miinchen, FRG- ISSN 0936-9902 The identity of Pseudotropheus elongatus, with the description of P. longior from Mbamba Bay, Tanzania, and notes on Genyochromis mento (Teleostei: Cichlidae) Lothar Seegers * Although Pseudotropheus elongatus was originally described from Mbamba Bay, Tanzania, a species of the P. elongatus-complex from Nkhata Bay, Malawi, has been considered to be the typical P. elongatus. Collections from Mbamba Bay revealed that at least two elongate Pseudotropheus species co-occur. The two extant syntypes of P. elongatus belong to the two species from Mbamba Bay. The specimen pictured by Fryer (1956) is selected as lectotype. The other species is described here as P. longior, new species. A third elongate cichlid, frequent at Mbamba Bay, is Genyochromis menta; some observations on this fish are included. 1956 beschrieb Fryer Pseudotropheus elongatus von Mbamba Bay, Tanzania, wahrend in der Literatur bisher eine Form aus dem P. elongatus-Komplex von Nkhata Bay, Malawi, als P. elongatus im Sinne der Typen angesehen wurde. In Mbamba Bay gibt es zwei gestreckte Pseudotropheus-Arten. Die beiden existierenden Syntypen gehoren unterschiedlichen Taxa an, namlich jeweils einer der beiden bei Mbamba Bay vorkommenden gestreckten Pseudotropheus-Arten. Als Lectotypus fur P. elongatus wurde das Exemplar festgelegt, das von Fryer (1956) abgebildet wurde. Die andere Pseudotropheus-Art wird hier als Pseudotropheus longior n. sp. beschrieben. Eine dritte gestreckte Cichlidenart, die in Mbamba Bay haufig vorkommt, ist Genyochromis menta Trewavas, 1935. Zu dieser Art werden einige Beobachtungen mitgeteilt.
    [Show full text]
  • A Search for Biologically Active Phytochemicals from Endemic Plants of the Southeastern United States
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1997 A Search for Biologically Active Phytochemicals From Endemic Plants of the Southeastern United States. Steven Lynn Robbs Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Robbs, Steven Lynn, "A Search for Biologically Active Phytochemicals From Endemic Plants of the Southeastern United States." (1997). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 6402. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/6402 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the m icrofilm master. U M I films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. Hie quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note wifi indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]
  • Silk Cotton Vs. Bombax Vs. Banyan
    Ceiba pentandra Kopok tree, Silk-cotton tree Ta Prohm, Cambodia By Isabel Zucker Largest known specimen in Lal Bagh Gardens in Bangalore, India. http://scienceray.com/biology/botany/amazing-trees-from-around-the-world-the-seven-wonder-trees/ Ceiba pentandra Taxonomy • Family: Malvaceae • Sub family: Bombacaceae -Bombax spp. in same family - much online confusion as to which tree is primarily in Ta Praham, Cambodia. • Fig(Moraceae), banyan and kapok trees in Ta Praham • Often referred to as a banyan tree, which is quite confusing. Distribution • Originated in the American tropics, natural and human distribution. • Africa, Asia. – Especially Indonesia and Thailand • Indian ocean islands • Ornamental shade tree • Zone – Humid areas, rainforest, dry areas – Mean annual precipitation 60-224 inches per year – Temperatures ranging from 73-80 unaffected by frost – Elevation from 0-4,500 feet – Dry season ranging from 0-6 months Characteristics • Rapidly growing, deciduous • Reaches height up to 200 feet • Can grow 13 feet per year • Diameter up to 9 feet above buttress – Buttress can extend 10 feet from the trunk and be 10 feet tall • large umbrella-shaped canopies emerge above the forest canopy • http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/caribarch/ceiba.htm • Home to many animals – Birds, frogs, insects – Flowers open in the evening, pollinated by bats • Epiphytes grow in branches • Compound leaves with 5-8 lance- shaped leaflets 3-8 inches long • Dense clusters of whitish to pink flowers December to February – 3-6 inch long, elliptical fruits. – Seeds of fruit surrounded by dense, cottony fibers. – Fibers almost pure cellulose, buoyant, impervious to water, low thermal conductivity, cannot be spun.
    [Show full text]
  • Satoyama – a Place for Preservation of Biodiversity and Environmental Education T
    Satoyama – A place for preservation of biodiversity and environmental education T. Miyaura Satoyama – Ein Ort für die Erhaltung der Biodiversität und für die Umwelterziehung 1 Satoyama landscape fication. Regardless, a place where people and nature have coexisted for long periods of time can be termed a satoya- “Satoyama” is a Japanese word (BROWN and YOKOHARI, ma. In other words, a satoyama is a place of sustainable 2003). “Sato” means village, and “yama” literally means ecosystem management, and many countries have a histo- “mountain”, however in combination with “sato” it has the ry of satoyama. Of course, natural environments differ from meaning of “forest (utilized by humans)”. Thus, even if place to place, and forest types will also differ. These differ- such a forest is situated on a flat land in this context we call ences affect life styles and cultures of human populations in- it “yama”, a “forest near a village”. habiting diverse regions, including the ways in which nat- Satoyama is a place where human beings have long coex- ural environments are utilized. The form of satoyama in isted with nature. Before the wide availability of fossile each region of the planet reflects the diversities of nature fuels, people in many countries obtained a variety of re- and culture as well as regional human history. sources like firewood, brush wood, fallen leaves, nuts, and Figure 1 shows the Tanakami village landscape near game from forests around their villages. During the long Ryukoku University’s Seta Campus (Japan). Seta Campus is history of mankind, local cultures with ways of life that al- located to the south of Lake Biwa, the largest lake in Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Poaceae: Pooideae) Based on Plastid and Nuclear DNA Sequences
    d i v e r s i t y , p h y l o g e n y , a n d e v o l u t i o n i n t h e monocotyledons e d i t e d b y s e b e r g , p e t e r s e n , b a r f o d & d a v i s a a r h u s u n i v e r s i t y p r e s s , d e n m a r k , 2 0 1 0 Phylogenetics of Stipeae (Poaceae: Pooideae) Based on Plastid and Nuclear DNA Sequences Konstantin Romaschenko,1 Paul M. Peterson,2 Robert J. Soreng,2 Núria Garcia-Jacas,3 and Alfonso Susanna3 1M. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, Tereshchenkovska 2, 01601 Kiev, Ukraine 2Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany MRC-166, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, District of Columbia 20013-7012 USA. 3Laboratory of Molecular Systematics, Botanic Institute of Barcelona (CSIC-ICUB), Pg. del Migdia, s.n., E08038 Barcelona, Spain Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Abstract—The Stipeae tribe is a group of 400−600 grass species of worldwide distribution that are currently placed in 21 genera. The ‘needlegrasses’ are char- acterized by having single-flowered spikelets and stout, terminally-awned lem- mas. We conducted a molecular phylogenetic study of the Stipeae (including all genera except Anemanthele) using a total of 94 species (nine species were used as outgroups) based on five plastid DNA regions (trnK-5’matK, matK, trnHGUG-psbA, trnL5’-trnF, and ndhF) and a single nuclear DNA region (ITS).
    [Show full text]