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Ecological Economics and Sustainable Forest Management: Developing a Transdisciplinary Approach for the Carpathian Mountains

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ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS
AND SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT:

DEVELOPING A TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
FOR THE CARPATHIAN MOUNTAINS

Edited by I.P. Soloviy and W.S. Keeton

Ukrainian National Forestry University Press, Lviv

© Ihor P. Soloviy and William S. Keeton © Ukrainian National Forestry University Press

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher.

Published by Ukrainian National Forestry University Press Gen. Chuprynky 103 Lviv 79057 Ukraine E-mail: [email protected]

Ecological economics and sustainable forest management: developing a transdisciplinary approach for the Carpathian Mountains. Edited by

I.P. Soloviy, W.S. Keeton. – Lviv : Ukrainian National Forestry University Press, Liga-Pres, 2009. − 432 p. – Statistics: fig. 28, tables 67 , bibliography 686 .

The modern scientific conceptions and approaches of ecological economics and sustainable forestry are presented in the book. The attention is given especially to the possibility of the integration of these concepts towards solving the real ecological and economic problems of mountain territories and its sustainable development. The ways of sustainability of forest sector approaching have been proposed using the Ukrainian Carpathian Mountains as a case study.
The book will be a useful source for scientists and experts in the field of forest and environmental policies, forest economics and management, as well as for the broad nature conservation publicity.

Printed and bound in Ukraine by Omelchenko V. G. LTD Kozelnytska 4, Lviv, Ukraine, phone + 38 0322 98 0380

ISBN 978-966-397-109-0

ЕКОЛОГІЧНА ЕКОНОМІКА ТА МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ
СТАЛОГО ЛІСОВОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА:

РОЗВИТОК ТРАНСДИСЦИПЛІНАРНОГО ПІДХОДУ
ДО КАРПАТСЬКИХ ГІР

За науковою редакцією І. П. Соловія та В. С. Кітона

Редакційно-видавничий відділ
Національного лісотехнічного університету України

Львів – 2009

ББК 65.28: 43
E45
УДК 630*6: 504(477.8)

Екологічна економіка та менеджмент сталого лісового господарст- ва: розвиток трансдисциплінарного підходу до Карпатських гір // за ред.

І.П. Соловія, В.С. Кітона. Монографія – Львів : РВВ НЛТУ України, Видав-

ництво ТзоВ "Ліга-Прес", 2009. – 432 с. : іл. 28, табл. 67, бібліогр. 686.

У монографії, підготованій міжнародним авторським колективом, роз- крито сучасні наукові концепції та підходи екологічної економіки та сталого лісового господарства. Особливу увагу звернено на можливості інтегрування цих концепцій у контексті вирішення еколого-економічних проблем гірських територій. Обґрунтовано шляхи досягнення сталого розвитку лісового госпо- дарства в умовах Українських Карпат.

Рецензенти:

доктор економічних наук, професор І. М. Грабинський доктор економічних наук, професор А. М. Сохнич доктор економічних наук, професор Ю.І. Стадницький

Рекомендовано до друку Вченою радою
Національного лісотехнічного університету України

ISBN 978-966-397-109-0
© І. П. Соловій, © В. С. Кітон,
2009 2009
© НЛТУ України, 2009

5

Contents

Contributors .......................................................................................................... 13 List of figures and tables ..................................................................................... 17 Acknowledgements.............................................................................................. 20 Preface

Myron Stachiw..................................................................................................... 21

Introduction

Yuriy Tunytsya..................................................................................................... 23

Part I

ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS AS A TRANSDISCIPLINARY
APPROACH TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY

1. Ecological economics: creating a sustainable and desirable future

Robert Costanz a . ................................................................................................. 29

2. Ecological economics and sustainable forest management

Joshua Farle y . ..................................................................................................... 40

3. Transdisciplinary paths towards sustainability: new approaches for integrating research, education and policy

Joshua Farley, Lyudmyla Zahvoyska, Lyudmyla Maksymiv............................... 55

4. Methodological approaches to ecological economic system efficiency evaluation

Yuriy Tunytsya..................................................................................................... 70

5. Transdisciplinary approach to sustainability: new models and possibilities

Lidiya Hryniv....................................................................................................... 85

6. Peculiarities and perspectives for greening of international economy development

Ion Dubovych ...................................................................................................... 96

6

Part II

INTEGRATING SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT AND ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS: PROBLEMS AND PPORTUNITIES

7. Sustainable forest management alternatives for the Carpathian mountain region: providing a broad array of ecosystem services

William Keeton, Sarah Crow ............................................................................ 109

8. Forest sector of Ukraine in the 21st century: state of art, scenarios, and policy for sustainable development

Ihor Synyakevych, Ihor Soloviy, Anatoliy Deynek a . ......................................... 127

9. Traditional knowledge for sustainable management of forest landscapes in Europe's east and west

Per Angelstam, Marine Elbakidze..................................................................... 151

10. Afforestation for Multiple purposes: a focus on Ukraine

Maria Nijnik, Arie Oskam, Albert Nijnik .......................................................... 163

11. Practical Economics of forest ecosystem management: the case of the
Ukrainian Carpathians

Lloyd Irland, Evgeniia Kremenetska ................................................................ 180

12. Forest stand dynamics and close to nature forestry

Mykola Chernyavskyy ....................................................................................... 201

13. Opportunities and challenges in promoting sustainable timber harvesting in the Ukrainian Carpathians

Bohdan Mahura, Yurij Bihun, Anatoliy Deyneka ............................................. 219

14. Understanding the hurdles to sustainable forest management through
FSC forest certification in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine

Volodymyr Kovalyshyn, Ivan Peche r . ............................................................... 232

15. Estimation of forest ecosystems stability

Igor Neyk o . ........................................................................................................ 242

16. Classification of functions associated with European beech plain forests in the context of sustainable forest management

Stepan Myklush ................................................................................................. 253

17. Challenges and opportunities for the sustainable development of forest management on private lands in Ukraine

Lloyd Irland, Sergiy Zibtsev, Pavlo Popovich, Yurij Bihun.............................. 261

18. Terms and principles of sustainable forest resource use based on a historical review

Alexander Adamovsky ....................................................................................... 265

7

Part III

EXPANDING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC COMPONENT
OF SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY

20. Forest resource planning for people – with people: two-level planning for sustainable natural resource management

Hilmar Foellmi, Raphael Schwitter .................................................................. 276

20. Challenges of Carpathians' forest resources economic valuation and their integration in forest enterprises' accounting and reporting

Ludmyla Maksymiv............................................................................................ 290

21. Role of traditional village systems for sustainable forest landscapes: a case study in the Ukrainian Carpathian mountains

Marine Elbakidze, Per Angelstam..................................................................... 302

22. Ecological economic principles of integrated process management for forestry and agriculture

Eugeniy Mishenin, Inessa Yarovaya ................................................................. 318

23. Discovering values and stakeholders' preferences regarding forest ecosystem services

Lyudmyla Zahvoyska, Tetyana Ba s . .................................................................. 333

25. Analysis of forestry professionals' attitudes towards SFM paradigm implementation

Ihor Soloviy, Mariana Dushna.......................................................................... 349

25. Assessment of non-wood resources value for local communities' development in the Carpathians

Pavlo Kravets, Petro Lakyda ............................................................................ 370

26. Convention on the protection of the Alps and convention on the protection and sustainable development of the Carpathians: comparative analysis

Anna Storozhuk ................................................................................................. 377

27. Sustainable Forest Management From Policy to Practice, and Back
Again: Landscapes as Laboratories for Knowledge Production and Learning in the Carpathian Mountains

Per Angelstam, Marine Elbakidze, Johan Törnblom, Robert Axelsson............ 390

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Зміст

Вступ

Юрій Туниця ....................................................................................................... 25

Частина I

ЕКОЛОГІЧНА ЕКОНОМІКА ЯК ТРАНСДИСЦИПЛІНАРНИЙ НАУКОВИЙ НАПРЯМ У КОНТЕКСТІ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ

1. Екологічна економіка: творення сталого і бажаного майбутнього

Роберт Костанз а .............................................................................................. 38

2. Екологічна економіка та менеджмент сталого лісового господарства

Джошуа Фарле й ................................................................................................ 53

3. Трансдисциплінарні шляхи до сталості: нові підходи для інтегрування досліджень, освіти і політики

Джошуа Фарлей , Людмила Загвойська , Людмила Максимів ....................... 69

4. Методологічний підхід до оцінки ефективності еколого- економічної системи

Юрій Туниця ....................................................................................................... 83

5. Трансдисциплінарний підхід до сталості: нові моделі та можливості

Лідія Грині в ........................................................................................................ 94

6. Особливості та перспективи розвитку міжнародної екологізації економіки

Іон Дубовіч .......................................................................................................... 97

Частина II

ІНТЕГРУВАННЯ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ СТАЛОГО ЛІСОВОГО
ГОСПОДАРСТВА ТА ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ: ПРОБЛЕМИ
ТА МОЖЛИВОСТІ

7. Менеджмент сталого лісового господарства для регіону Карпат: забезпечення широкого спектра послуг екосистем

Вільям Кітон .................................................................................................... 125

10

8. Лісове господарство України у XXI столітті: нинішній стан, сценарії та політика сталого розвитку

Ігор Синякевич , Ігор Соловій , Анатолій Дейнека ......................................... 150

9. Значення традиційних знань для сталого менеджменту лісових ландшафтів на Сході і Заході Європи

Пер Ангельстам , Маріне Елбакідзе ............................................................... 162

10. Перспективи багатоцільового заліснення в Україні

Марія Нижник , Альберт Оскам , Альберт Нижник .................................... 179

11. Практична економіка менеджменту лісових екосистем на прикладі Українських Карпат

Лойд Ірланд , Євгенія Кременецьк а ................................................................ 199

12. Динаміка деревостанів і наближене до природи лісівництво

Микола Чернявський ....................................................................................... 202

13. Виклики і можливості запровадження екологічно безпечних форм лісозаготівлі в Українських Карпатах

Богдан Магура , Юрій Бігун , Анатолій Дейнека .......................................... 230

14. Актуальні проблеми запровадження ведення сталого лісового господарства в Закарпатcькій області у контексті вимог лісової сертифікації згідно зі стандартами FSC

Володимир Ковалишин , Іван Печер   .............................................................. 241

15. Оцінювання стабільності лісових екосистем

Ігор Нейко ......................................................................................................... 252

16. Класифікація функцій рівнинних букових лісів у контексті сталого лісового господарства

Степан Миклуш ............................................................................................... 254

17. Проблеми та перспективи сталого розвитку лісового господарства на землях приватної форми власності в Україні

Лойд Ірленд , Сергій Зібцев , Павло Попович , Юрій Бігун ............................ 262

18. Поняття і принципи сталого лісокористування: історична ретроспектива

Олександр Адамовський .................................................................................. 272

Частина III

РОЗШИРЕННЯ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ СОЦІАЛЬНО-
ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО КОМПОНЕНТА СТАЛОГО ЛІСОВОГО
ГОСПОДАРСТВА

19. Дворівневе планування управління природними ресурсами

Хілмар Фіольмі , Рафаель Швіттер .............................................................. 284

11

20. Проблема економічної оцінки лісових ресурсів Карпат та їх відображення в бухгалтерському обліку та звітності лісових підприємств

Людмила Максимів .......................................................................................... 300

21. Значення системи традиційних сільських поселень для сталих лісових ландшафтів: на прикладі Українських Карпат

Маріне Елбакідзе , Пер Ангельстам ............................................................... 317

22. Еколого-економічні основи управління процесом інтеграції лісового та сільського господарств

Євген Мішенін , Інесса Ярова .......................................................................... 332

23. Виявлення цінностей та уподобань стейкхолдерів стосовно послуг лісових екосистем

Людмила Загвойська , Тетяна Бас ................................................................. 345

24. Aналіз ставлення фахівців лісового господарства до запровадження парадигми його сталого розвитку

Ігор Соловій , Мар ' яна Душна ......................................................................... 351

25. Оцінка цінності недеревних ресурсів у контексті розвитку місцевих громад Карпат

Павло Кравець , Петро Лакида ...................................................................... 371

26. Альпійська конвенція та Конвенція про охорону та сталий розвиток Карпат: порівняльний аналіз

Анна Сторожук ............................................................................................... 389

27. Стале лісокористування і лісоуправління – від політики до практики: ландшафти як лабораторії для продукування знань і навчання в Карпатських горах

Пер Ангельстам , Маріне Елбакідзе , Йохан Торнбльом , Роберт Аксельсо н . 415

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Contributors

Myron Stachiw, Director, Fulbright Program in Ukraine Yuriy Tunytsya, Rector, Professor, Ukrainian National Forestry University, (UNFU), Member, National Academy of the Sciences of Ukraine

Robert Costanza, Gordon and Lulie Gund Professor of Ecological Economics and Director, Gund Institute for Ecological Economics, Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, The University of Vermont (UVM), USA

Joshua Farley, Associate Professor, Community Development and Applied Economics, Gund Institute for Ecological Economics,UVM, USA

Lyudmyla Zahvoyska, Associate Professor, Vice-Director, Institute of Ecological Economics, UNFU

Lyudmyla Maksymiv, Associate Professor, Director, Institute of Ecological Economics, UNFU

Lidiya Hrynivv, Professor and Head, Department of Economy of Ukraine, Ivan Franko Lviv National University

Ion Dubovych, Associate Professor, Institute of Ecological Economics, UNFU Ihor Synaykevych, Professor and Head, Department of Forest Enterprices' Economics and Management, UNFU

William Keeton, Associate Professor of Forest Ecology and Forestry, The Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources,UVM, USA

Sarah M. Crow, Fulbright Scholar 2008-2009 in Ukraine, The Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources,UVM, USA

Ihor Soloviy, Associate Professor, Institute of Ecological Economics, UNFU Anatoliy Deyneka, Lviv Regional Forestry Administration of State Forestry Committee of Ukraine, Director of Board, Associate Professor, Department of Forest Enterprices' Economics and Management

Per Angelstam, Professor, School for Forest Engineers, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden

14

Marine Elbakidze, Associate Professor, Department of Physical Geography, Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Ukraine and School for Forest Engineers, and Faculty of Forest Sciences, SLU, Sweden

Maria Nijnik, Senior Research Scientist, Socio-Economic Research Group, The Macaulay Land Use Research Institute, Scotland, United Kingdom

Arie Oskam, Head of Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy Group, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy, Wageningen University, the Netherlands

Albert Nijnik, Associate, Environmental Network Limited, United Kingdom Lloyd Irland, Lecturer and Senior Research Scientist, Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, USA

Evgeniia Kremenetska Associate Professor, Deputy of the Silviculture Chair Head, Institute for Forestry and Landscape Architecture, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULES)

Mykola Chernyavskyy, Associate Professor of Forest Ecology and Forestry, Department of Ecology, UNFU

Bohdan Mahura, Assistant Professor, Department of Forest Engineering, UNFU Yurij Bihun, Forest Resources Analyst, Director, Shelterwood Systems, Jericho, Vermont, and WIRA Program Coordinator International Programs, College of Agricultural Science, The Pennsylvania State University, USA

Volodymyr Kovalyshyn, Senior Lecturer, Department of of Forest Enterprices' Economics and Management, UNFU,

Ivan Pecher, Vice Director, Transcarpathian Regional Forestry and Hunting Administration of State Forestry Committee of Ukraine

Igor Neyko, Senior Research Scientist, Vinnytsya Forest Research Station, and Vinnytsya State Agricultural University, Ukraine

Stepan Myklush, Associate Professor of Department of Forest Inventory and Planning, and Dean, Schol of Forest Sciences, UNFU

Sergiy Zibtsev, Instructor and Associate Professor, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Ukraine

Pavlo Popovich, Doctor of Jurisprudence and Assistant Professor, Institute of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, NULES Alexander Adamovsky, Associate Professor, Institute of Ecological Economics, UNFU

15

Hilmar Foellmi, International Advisor of the Swiss-Ukrainian Forest

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    - StaRs – Papua New Guinea's National Strategy for Responsible Sustainable Development Misty E Baloiloi CMG PhD Email: [email protected] 1 Abstract for 2016 PNG Update Sustaining development (in PNG) beyond the resources boom Abstract 1 StaRs – Papua New Guinea's National Strategy for Responsible Sustainable Development Prof Misty Baloiloi, former adviser to Minister for National Planning and Monitoring on Sustainable Development From StaRS, “PNG is in an unique position to choose a future that is responsible and sustainable”. PNG can lead the way in a development revolution toward sustainability revolution towards an ecologically or responsible sustainable future. Papua New Guinea has its own Agenda 21. PNG has its own national strategy for responsible sustainable development (RSD). It is called StaRS. It is the process of transformation from a brown economy to a green economy. StaRS provide a totally new paradigm for development in PNG. It does not replace our development plans but elevates within them the principles of responsible sustainable development and strategic planning. It redefines the development road map by prescribing a growth strategy built on the principles of green growth, green economics, ecological economics and sustainable livelihoods and sustainable development. Em mi yah! In 2009 PNG adopted its Vision 2050 – an aspirational statement and set of beliefs and principles on the sort of PNG we want by 2050. In 2014 the PNG Government endorsed a new national strategy for responsible sustainable development called ”The Strategy”. One year later this was superseded by StaRS. “We believe that the people of PNG, both of today and tomorrow, should be continually aware that in striving to improve their lot they should not make the mistake of blindly destroying their rich natural environment.” “StaRS has been developed at a time when there is a recognizable growth in the economic fortunes of the nation, but also a growing global consciousness that environmental threats are being realized.
  • Online Full-Text

    Online Full-Text

    Museum Affairs at the Territory of Subcarpathian Rus’ in the Years of the First Czechoslovak Republic (1919 – 1938) Ihor Shnitser Doc. PhDr. Ihor Shnitser, PhD. Uzhhorod National University Faculty of History and International Relations Narodna Square, 3 88000 Uzhhorod Ukraine e-mail: [email protected] Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo, 2019, 7:1:99-110 Museum Affairs at the Territory of Subcarpathian Rus’ in the Years of the First Czechoslovak Republic (1919 – 1938). The article deals with the formation and specifics of the development of museums in Subcarpathian Rus’ in 1919-1938. It defines the main centers of museum science, as well as the contribution of scientists, representatives of cultural and public societies, and the state to the collection and exhibition of natural monuments and monuments of material and spiritual culture of the region. In the article, a great attention is paid to the coverage of the history of the creation, development and functioning of the Museum of T. Legotsky in Mukachevo, the Museum of the Society `Prosvita`, the Rus’ National Museum, and others. The author reaches the conclusion that the development of museum affairs in the territory of Subcarpathian Rus’ in 1920s – 1930s was stimulated by the attention of the society and the support of the central and local authorities. Museum affairs were moved to the state level. Кey words: Subcarpathian Rus’, museum affairs, museum society, museums, monuments, protective activity After the ending of the World War I the territory of the Ukrainian Transcarpathia according to the Treaty of Saint-Germain since September 10, 1919 was included to the territories of the Czechoslovak Republic under historical name Subcarpathian Rus’.
  • Synergies and Trade-Offs Between Production, Land Expectation Value

    Synergies and Trade-Offs Between Production, Land Expectation Value

    Project no. 518128 EFORWOOD Tools for Sustainability Impact Assessment Instrument: IP Thematic Priority: 6.3 Global Change and Ecosystems Deliverable PD2.2.5 Report on time and scale integration of environmental impacts of forest management alternatives by use of generic modelling approach Due date of deliverable: Month 44 Actual submission date: Month 55 Start date of project: 011105 Duration: 4 years Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable: University of Copenhagen (KU), Denmark Final version Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) Dissemination Level PU Public PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission x RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission CO Services) 1 Deliverable PD 2.2.5 - Report on time and scale integration of environmental impacts of forest management alternatives by use of generic modelling approaches: a case study of synergies and trade-offs between production and ecological services. Philipp Duncker1, Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen2, Per Gundersen2, Johnny de Jong3 Klaus Katzensteiner4, Hans Peter Ravn2, Mike Smith5, Otto Eckmüllner4 1 Institute for Forest Growth, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany 2 Forest & Landscape Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark 3 Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden 4 Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU) Vienna, Austria ABSTRACT Forests provide multiple functions and services among which society traditionally tends to have a high interest in wood production. In consequence, forest management aims at increasing the timber volume produced and the economic return through intervening with natural processes.
  • Implementing Sustainable Forest Management Using Six Concepts In

    Implementing Sustainable Forest Management Using Six Concepts In

    Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 29:79–108, 2010 Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1054-9811 print/1540-756X online DOI: 10.1080/10549810903463494 WJSF1054-98111540-756XJournalImplementing of Sustainable Forestry,Forestry Vol. 29, No. 1, January-March 2009: pp. 0–0 Sustainable Forest Management Using Six Concepts in an Adaptive Management Framework ForestB. C. Foster in an etAdaptive al. Management Framework BRYAN C. FOSTER1, DEANE WANG1, WILLIAM S. KEETON1, and MARK S. ASHTON2 1Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA 2School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA Certification and principles, criteria and indicators (PCI) describe desired ends for sustainable forest management (SFM) but do not address potential means to achieve those ends. As a result, forest owners and managers participating in certification and employing PCI as tools to achieving SFM may be doing so inefficiently: achiev- ing results by trial-and-error rather than by targeted management practices; dispersing resources away from priority objectives; and passively monitoring outcomes rather than actively establishing quantitative goals. In this literature review, we propose six con- cepts to guide SFM implementation. These concepts include: Best Management Practices (BMPs)/Reduced Impact Logging (RIL), biodiversity conservation, forest protection, multi-scale planning, participatory forestry, and sustained forest production. We place Downloaded By: [Keeton, W. S.] At: 16:17 8 March 2010 these concepts within an iterative decision-making framework of planning, implementation, and assessment, and provide brief definitions of and practices delimited by each concept. A case study describing SFM in the neo-tropics illustrates a potential application of our six concepts.
  • Ecosystem Health Demystified: an Ecological Concept Determined By

    Ecosystem Health Demystified: an Ecological Concept Determined By

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Lincoln University Research Archive Ecosystem health demystified © An ecological concept determined by economic means By E. J. S. Hearnshaw1, R. Cullen1 and K. F. D. Hughey2 1Commerce Division, Lincoln University, 2Environment, Society and Design Division, Lincoln University Abstract This paper addresses “ecosystem health”, a concept recently popularised as the way forward in evaluating nature. The concept is often defined in vague expressions and is being seen more as a broad societal aspiration rather than a specific performance measure of ecosystem management. As such, the paper aims to demystify ecosystem health, that is, to demarcate an accurate and feasible characterisation of the concept. To achieve this aim an examination of the various viewpoints of nature is undertaken. Models of ecosystem health, such as the notions of naturalness, genetic fitness, climax, diversity, stability and keystone species are each considered and subsequently deemed inappropriate, especially when viewing ecosystems as “complex self-organising systems”. Complex self-organising systems are non-linear dynamic systems that have multiple steady states and have emergent and chaotic properties. One model that captures this self- organisation process is Holling’s adaptive cycle. However, when investigating this model it was concluded that there is no means to determining which phase within a system state, or state within a system is ecologically “better”. Therefore, ecosystem health cannot be considered in a positive manner established by scientific objectivity. Rather, the concept must be determined in a normative fashion through it is suggested the elicitation of subjective societal values, so to define an optimal management strategy.
  • Human Potential of the Western Ukrainian Borderland

    Human Potential of the Western Ukrainian Borderland

    Journal of Geography, Politics and Society 2017, 7(2), 17–23 DOI 10.4467/24512249JG.17.011.6627 HUMAN POTENTIAL OF THE WESTERN UKRAINIAN BORDERLAND Iryna Hudzelyak (1), Iryna Vanda (2) (1) Chair of Economic and Social Geography, Faculty of Geography, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Doroshenka 41, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author) (2) Chair of Economic and Social Geography, Faculty of Geography, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Doroshenka 41, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected] Citation Hudzelyak I., Vanda I., 2017, Human potential of the Western Ukrainian borderland, Journal of Geography, Politics and Society, 7(2), 17–23. Abstract This article contains the analysis made with the help of generalized quantative parameters, which shows the tendencies of hu- man potential formation of the Western Ukrainian borderland during 2001–2016. The changes of number of urban and rural population in eighteen borderland rayons in Volyn, Lviv and Zakarpattia oblasts are evaluated. The tendencies of urbanization processes and resettlement of rural population are described. Spatial differences of age structure of urban and rural population are characterized. Key words Western Ukrainian borderland, human potential, population, depopulation, aging of population. 1. Introduction during the period of closed border had more so- cial influence from the West, which formed specific Ukraine has been going through the process of model of demographic behavior and reflected in dif- depopulation for some time; it was caused with ferent features of the human potential. significant reduction in fertility and essential mi- The category of human potential was developed gration losses of reproductive cohorts that lasted in economic science and conceptually was related almost a century.
  • Integrated Approaches to Long-Term Studies of Urban Ecological Systems

    Integrated Approaches to Long-Term Studies of Urban Ecological Systems

    Articles IntegratedIntegrated ApproachesApproaches toto Long-TermLong-Term Studies Studies ofof UrbanUrban EcologicalEcological SystemsSystems NANCY B. GRIMM, J. MORGAN GROVE, STEWARD T. A. PICKETT, AND CHARLES L. REDMAN n 1935, Arthur Tansley wrote: I URBAN ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS PRESENT We cannot confine ourselves to the so-called “natural” entities and ignore the processes and expressions of vegetation now so MULTIPLE CHALLENGES TO ECOLOGISTS— abundantly provided by man. Such a course is not scientifically PERVASIVE HUMAN IMPACT AND EXTREME sound, because scientific analysis must penetrate beneath the HETEROGENEITY OF CITIES, AND THE forms of the “natural” entities, and it is not practically useful because ecology must be applied to conditions brought about by NEED TO INTEGRATE SOCIAL AND human activity. The “natural” entities and the anthropogenic ECOLOGICAL APPROACHES, CONCEPTS, derivates alike must be analyzed in terms of the most appropriate concepts we can find. (Tansley 1935, p. 304) AND THEORY This quote captures the spirit of the new urban emphasis The conceptual basis for studying urban in the US Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) net- ecological systems work. We know now that Earth abounds with both subtle and pronounced evidence of the influence of people on Why has the study of urban ecological systems attracted so natural ecosystems (Russell 1993, Turner and Meyer much recent interest? The rationale for the study of 1993). Arguably, cities are the most human dominated of human-dominated systems is three-pronged. First, all ecosystems. Recent calls for studies on “human-domi- humans dominate Earth’s ecosystems (Groffman and nated ecosystems” (Vitousek et al. 1997) finally have been Likens 1994, Botsford et al.
  • Maliar EM Saliuk-Kravchenko OO ECONOMIC

    Maliar EM Saliuk-Kravchenko OO ECONOMIC

    DOI: 10.30525/978-9934-588-61-7-26 Maliar E. M. Head of the Department of Infrastructure, Development and Maintenance of the Network of Public Roads of Local Importance and Housing and Communal Services of the Zakarpattia Regional State Administration, Senior Lecturer at the Department of Tourism State University «Uzhhorod National University» Saliuk-Kravchenko O. O. PhD in Economics Educational and Scientific Institute of Law named after Prince Volodymyr the Great Interregional Academy of Personnel Management ECONOMIC FEATURES OF REGIONAL COOPERATION AND POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE UKRAINIAN- ROMANIAN BORDER AS THE BASIS OF COMPETITIVENESS OF TRANSBOUNDARY TERRITORIES OF THE ZAKARPATTIA REGION Summary The economic characteristics and their features of the Ukrainian- Romanian border within the cross-border territories of the Zakarpattia region as a basis for assessing the feasibility of opening promising checkpoints on this section of the state border are being researched. The existing enterprises and their capabilities, ethnic and cultural values, logistics, the existing transport system, free economic zones and parks and customs terminals of the Ukrainian-Romanian border in the cross-border areas of the Zakarpattia region are being analyzed. The characteristics of promising checkpoints on the Ukrainian-Romanian section of the state border within the cross-border territory of the Zakarpattia region are substantiated and illustrated, such as: «Khyzha – Tarna Mare», «Yablunivka – Remete (Guta)», «Tiachiv – Malyi Tiachiv» and «Bila Tserkva – Sighetu Marmației». The economic, legal, competitive, regional and cross- border components of the basis for the construction and opening of promising checkpoints on the Ukrainian-Romanian section of the state border are highlighted. Introduction The Zakarpattia region is a multinational land, which combines deep foreign economic ties, unique geographical location and favorable business climate that allows for development of the competitiveness of cross-border 381 areas of the region.