Secretariat of the CBD Technical Series No. Convention on Biological Diversity Sustainable use of biological diversity in socio-ecological production landscapes Background to the ‘Satoyama Initiative for the benefit of biodiversity52 and human well-being’ Japan SUSTAINABLE USE OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL PRODUCTION LANDSCAPES Background to the ‘Satoyama Initiative for the benefit of biodiversity and human well-being’ Sustainable use of biological diversity in socio-ecological production landscapes Acknowledgements The Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Ministry of the Environment of Japan, and the United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies would like to thank those who contributed articles for this volume of the Technical Series. This document has been produced with the financial support of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan and the United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Minis- try of the Environment of Japan, the United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies or the editors. Published by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. ISBN 92-9225-242-9 Copyright © 2010, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity Cover photo credits (from top to bottom): Flickr Creative Commons - Abishesh, Archivio Parco Nazionale delle Cinque Terre, K. Ichikawa, Flickr Creative Commons - Rita Willaert. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the copyright holders concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication may be reproduced for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holders, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. Citation: Bélair C., Ichikawa K., Wong B.Y. L., and Mulongoy K.J. (Editors) (2010). Sustainable use of biological di- versity in socio-ecological production landscapes. Background to the ‘Satoyama Initiative for the benefit of biodiversity and human well-being.’ Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal. Techni- cal Series no. 52, 184 pages. Publication layout and typesetting: Caroline Bélair For further information please contact: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity World Trade Centre 413 St. Jacques, Suite 800 Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2Y 1N9 Tel: 1 (514) 288 2220 Fax: 1 (514) 288 6588 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.cbd.int United Nations University Institute of Advanced Studies (UNU-IAS) 6F International Organizations Center Pacifico-Yokohama 1-1-1 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku Yokohama 220-8502 Japan Tel: +81-45-221-2300 Fax: +81-45-221-2302 Email: [email protected] Websites: http://www.ias.unu.edu http://www.satoyama-initiative.org/en/ 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents Foreword .....................................................................................................................................................................4 Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................................5 Overview articles .......................................................................................................................................................7 Bridging managed and natural landscapes. The role of traditional (agri)culture in maintaining the diversity and resilience of social-ecological systems ...............................................................8 Customary sustainable use of biodiversity by indigenous peoples. Case studies relevant to the Satoyama Initiative from Suriname, Guyana, Cameroon and Thailand ...................................22 Satoyama-like landscapes in North America: Diverse landscapes, diverse governance models .......36 Surveying the coverage and remains of the cultural landscapes of Europe while envisioning their conservation............................................. ................................................................................45 Case studies ..............................................................................................................................................................51 Africa The communal forest, wetland, rangeland and agricultural landscape mosaics of the Lower Tana, Kenya: A socio-ecological entity in peril ................................................................54 The Maasai’s shifting modes of subsistence ...............................................................................................63 How farmers in Kitui use wild and agricultural ecosystems to meet their nutritional needs ............67 Changing land-use in the fragile Lake Nyasa catchments of Tanzania: A lowland-highland nexus ..............................................................................................................73 Americas The ayllu system of the Potato Park ...........................................................................................................84 Land use and biodiversity patterns on chacras in northeast Argentina ................................................91 The sustainable use of biodiversity in paddies and fields of Louisiana .................................................95 Forest management through community-based forest enterprises in Ixtlán de Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico....................................................................................................98 Asia Kandyan homegardens: A promising land management system in Sri Lanka ...................................102 Village small tank systems: An integrated landscape for adaptation to a changing climate ............109 The owita agroecosystem ...........................................................................................................................113 Land use and natural resource utilization and management in Kampong Cham, Cambodia .........116 Agroforestry homegardens in the rural landscapes of Bangladesh .....................................................120 Homegardens: Sustainable land use systems in Wayanad, Kerala, India ............................................125 Regional circulation that combines biogas power generation with agriculture and livestock husbandry in Kyoto, Japan .............................................................................................................129 Reintroduction of traditional agriculture for the conservation of natural, historic, and cultural heritage in the Zushi-Onoji region, Machida City, Tokyo, Japan .............................................132 Town revitalization through the promotion of historical and cultural heritage in the community of Kanakura, Machino Town, Wajima City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan ............136 Europe BurrenLIFE - Farming for conservation in the Burren .........................................................................142 The dehesa/mantado landscape .................................................................................................................149 Cinque Terre National Park: Where farmland meets the sea ...............................................................152 Challenges in collective action for natural resource management: A study of common property regimes in the municipality of Guitiriz (northwest of Spain) ..................................157 Landscape management in Germany ......................................................................................................163 Oceania Living by utilizing various modified natural resources in the Solomon Islands ................................168 Nature-friendly agriculture in the State of Queensland, Australia ......................................................172 Synthesis of case studies ......................................................................................................................................178 Annex: Paris Declaration ....................................................................................................................................182 3 Sustainable use of biological diversity in socio-ecological production landscapes Foreword We are pleased to introduce this volume of the Tech- nical Series of the Convention on Biological Diversity, which focuses on the sustainable use of biodiversity. Life is neither possible nor worth living without all the goods and services we derive from biodiversity, including, inter alia, the provision of our food and medicines, spiritual and cultural fulfilment, water and air purification, crop pollination, erosion control and the regulation of climate and natural disasters. Whether or not we continue to de- rive benefits from biodiversity will depend upon how we use it and how our activities impact our natural environment. Recent scientific assessments document that unsustainable use of the goods and services we derive from ecosystems, for example through deforestation, overexploitation of natural resources and unplanned urbanization, has led to biodiversity loss and degrada- tion of ecosystem services with increasingly serious consequences for the future of nature and human well- being, food security, healthcare and human society in general. The 193