DOCSLIB.ORG

Germany, Afghanistan, and the Process of Decision Making in German Foreign Policy: Constructing a Framework for Analysis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Germany, Afghanistan, and the Process of Decision Making in German Foreign Policy: Constructing a Framework for Analysis ABSTRACT Title of Document: GERMANY, AFGHANISTAN, AND THE PROCESS OF DECISION MAKING IN GERMAN FOREIGN POLICY: CONSTRUCTING A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS Karin L. Johnston, Doctor of Philosophy, 2011 Directed By: Professor George Quester, Department of Government and Politics Germany’s emerging role as a supplier of security by contributing troops to out-of-area operations is a significant change in post-unification German foreign and security policy, and yet few studies have sought to explain how the process of decision making also has changed in order to accommodate the external and domestic factors that shape policy preferences and outcomes. The dissertation addresses these theoretical gaps in foreign policy analysis and in German foreign and security policy studies by examining the decision-making process in the case of Afghanistan from 2001–2008, emphasizing the importance of institutional structures that enable and constrain decision-makers and then gathering the empirical evidence to construct a framework for analyzing German foreign policy decision making. The dynamics of decision-making at the state level are examined by hypothesizing about the role of the chancellor in the decision-making process— whether there has been an expansion of chancellorial power relative to other actors— and about the role of coalition politics and the relative influence of the junior coalition partner in coalition governments. Results indicate that there are few signs that federal chancellors dominate or otherwise control decision-making outcomes, and that coalition politics remain a strong explanatory factor in the process that shapes the parameters of policy choices. The dissertation highlights the central role of the Bundestag, the German parliament. The German armed forces are indeed “a parliamentary army,” and the decision-making process in the Afghanistan case shows how operational parameters can be affected by parliamentary involvement. The framework for analysis of German foreign policy decision making outlines the formal aspects while emphasizing the importance of the informal process of decision making that is characterized by political bargaining and consensus building among major actors, particularly between the government and the parliamentary party fractions. Thus any examination of German out-of-area missions must take into account the co-determinative nature of decision making between the executive and legislative actors in shaping German foreign policy regarding its military engagements around the world. GERMANY, AFGHANISTAN, AND THE PROCESS OF DECISION MAKING IN GERMAN FOREIGN POLICY: CONSTRUCTING A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS By Karin Lynn Johnston Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2011 Advisory Committee: Professor George Quester, Chair Professor I. M. Destler Professor Virginia Haufler Professor Bartlomiej Kaminski Professor Miranda Schreurs © Copyright by Karin Lynn Johnston 2011 Dedication To Clay Ramsay and in memory of Edeltraud Tarsikes, née Tscharke. ii Acknowledgments There are a great many people to whom I am indebted. In particular, I am deeply grateful to those individuals who so kindly agreed to be interviewed and who provided such invaluable information on the basis of anonymity. I am indebted to them for sharing their insights and knowledge, particularly those in the Chancellery, Foreign Office, Ministry of Defense, members of the Bundestag and their staff, and officials of various parties and party foundations. I am indebted to many other individuals who took time out of their busy schedule to speak with me, in Washington D.C. and Berlin: Pia Bungarten, Director of the Washington DC office of the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung; Helga Haftendorn, Professor Emeritus, Freie Universität Berlin; Klaus Linsenmeier, Executive Director Heinrich Böll Foundation North America; Hanns W. Maull, Professor, Universität Trier; Ingo Peters, Professor, Freie Universität Berlin; Thomas Risse, Professor, Freie Universität Berlin; Dr. Eberhard Sandschneider, Director, German Council on Foreign Relations, Berlin; Benjamin Schreer, Deputy Director, Aspen Institute, Berlin; Constanze Stelzenmüller, Director, German Marshall Fund, Berlin; Markus Kaim, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Berlin. In addition, I have benefited from the intellectual stimulus and discussions with friends, former colleagues and others in Washington D.C., including: Stephen Szabo, Cathleen Fisher, Jackson Janes, Daniel Hamilton, Dieter Dettke, Gale Mattox, Bowman Miller, Stephan Wallace, and Lily Gardner-Feldman. The administrative process of finishing the dissertation was made immeasurably easier by the staff in the Government and Politics Department at the iii University of Maryland and particularly Ann Marie Clark, whose patience and guidance were particularly welcome. I am especially indebted to the members of my committee, whose sage advice, encouragement, and generosity of spirit are deeply appreciated. Debts that can never be adequately repaid go to the friends and family who wittingly or unwittingly have shared the dissertation experience, some of whom, however, must be acknowledged: Inge and Lotar Martin, and Dagmar Pruin and Björn Budick, whose deep generosity and friendship have sustained me over the years—ich hab’ noch einen Koffer in Berlin , thanks to them; Ilonka Oszvald, who so kindly agreed to give of her professional talents in editing the dissertation; Clare and Baxter Hill; Ginny, Sam, and Maddy; and Fran Burwell, a friend in countless ways who never fails to give good advice and Belgian chocolates as added incentive; and, finally, to my family—especially my “local” family of Johnstons (Frank, Theresa, and Isabelle) and Spanos (Steve and Tanya). I must also acknowledge my mother, Edeltraud Tarsikes, who passed on her love of her home and of Berlin, the city she grew up in; it is a bond that has not faltered. However, my deepest debt of all is to Clay Ramsay, whose patience, humor, encouragement, and unending support and steady supply of cups of coffee sustained me and kept me going. As with so many other publications, this dissertation reflects the comments, advice, and assistance of these and other individuals over the years, although any oversights and errors are my responsibility alone. iv Table of Contents Dedication ..................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments........................................................................................................ iii Table of Contents .......................................................................................................... v List of Tables ............................................................................................................. viii List of Figures .............................................................................................................. ix Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Background ............................................................................................................... 1 Statement of the Problem .......................................................................................... 3 Research Question .................................................................................................... 7 Hypotheses .............................................................................................................. 10 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 12 Organization of the Dissertation ............................................................................. 13 Chapter 2: Early Experiences and Emerging Practices: German Out-Of-Area Missions Prior to Afghanistan .................................................................................... 17 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 17 The Context for Change: Postwar German Foreign Policy (1945–1990) ............... 18 1969–1990: Limited Humanitarian Assistance ................................................... 21 Post-Unification German Foreign Policy (1990–) .................................................. 23 1990–1995: Bosnia and the Constitutionality Issue............................................ 23 1995–2000: The Kosovo War ............................................................................ 36 Summary ................................................................................................................. 43 Chapter 3: The Theoretical Debate: Analyzing German Foreign Policy .................... 45 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 45 Realism and Structural Explanations of German Foreign Policy ........................... 46 Constructivism and Cultural Explanations of German Foreign Policy .................. 48 Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy Analysis ...................................................... 59 Summary ................................................................................................................. 66 Chapter 4: Agency and Structure in German Foreign Policy: Executive Power and Political Parties
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Maryland Historical Magazine, 1946, Volume 41, Issue No. 4
    MHRYMnD CWAQAZIU^j MARYLAND HISTORICAL SOCIETY BALTIMORE DECEMBER • 1946 t. IN 1900 Hutzler Brothers Co. annexed the building at 210 N. Howard Street. Most of the additional space was used for the expansion of existing de- partments, but a new shoe shop was installed on the third floor. It is interesting to note that the shoe department has now returned to its original location ... in a greatly expanded form. HUTZLER BPOTHERSe N\S/Vsc5S8M-lW MARYLAND HISTORICAL MAGAZINE A Quarterly Volume XLI DECEMBER, 1946 Number 4 BALTIMORE AND THE CRISIS OF 1861 Introduction by CHARLES MCHENRY HOWARD » HE following letters, copies of letters, and other documents are from the papers of General Isaac Ridgeway Trimble (b. 1805, d. 1888). They are confined to a brief period of great excitement in Baltimore, viz, after the riot of April 19, 1861, when Federal troops were attacked by the mob while being marched through the City streets, up to May 13th of that year, when General Butler, with a large body of troops occupied Federal Hill, after which Baltimore was substantially under control of the 1 Some months before his death in 1942 the late Charles McHenry Howard (a grandson of Charles Howard, president of the Board of Police in 1861) placed the papers here printed in the Editor's hands for examination, and offered to write an introduction if the Committee on Publications found them acceptable for the Magazine. Owing to the extraordinary events related and the revelation of an episode unknown in Baltimore history, Mr. Howard's proposal was promptly accepted.
    [Show full text]
  • Das Christliche Menschenbild Und Unsere Politik Beiträge Zum Werteverständnis Der CDU/CSU-Bundestagsfraktion
    Das christliche Menschenbild und unsere Politik Beiträge zum Werteverständnis der CDU/CSU-Bundestagsfraktion Das christliche Menschenbild und unsere Politik Beiträge zum Werteverständnis der CDU/CSU-Bundestagsfraktion Vorwort Das christliche Menschenbild – unsere Richtschnur Politik besteht immer aus der Abwägung von Interessen. Die Entscheidung, welchem Argument letztlich der Vorzug zu geben ist, darf dabei nicht beliebig erfolgen. Als Maßstab dienen nicht zuletzt Werte. Anderenfalls würde Politik orientierungslos. Das Verständ- nis dieser Werte kann sich mit den Jahrzehn- ten wandeln. In ihrem Kern sind Werte aber sicherlich zeitlos. Für die CDU/CSU-Bundestagsfraktion ist seit über sechs Jahrzehnten das christliche Menschenbild die Richtschnur ihres politi- schen Handelns. Wir Abgeordnete werden immer wieder gefragt, was genau darunter zu verstehen ist. Ist die Berufung auf das christ- liche Menschenbild nur eine hohle Phrase? Oder weist es uns nach wie vor den Weg? Die nachfolgenden Beiträge sind als Plädoyers Michael Grosse-Brömer MdB zu verstehen, dass das christliche Menschen- Erster Parlamentarischer Geschäftsführer der CDU/CSU- bild uns weiter leiten sollte. Einen Schwer- Bundestagsfraktion punkt bilden dabei drei Veröffentlichungen unseres Fraktionsvorsitzenden Volker Kauder, der sich seit Jahren auch außerhalb der Fraktion mit dem Thema auseinandersetzt. Mit anderen zusammen hat er die Verteidigung der Religionsfreiheit auf die politische Agenda gesetzt. Mit der Bedeutung der Religionsfreiheit für ihre Arbeit setzen sich in dieser Broschüre auch Entwicklungsminister Gerd Müller sowie unser Stellver- tretender Fraktionsvorsitzender Andreas Schockenhoff auseinander. 2 Vorwort Die Erste Stellvertretende Fraktionsvorsitzende und Vorsitzende der CSU-Landesgruppe, Gerda Hasselfeldt, fragt in ihrem Beitrag, welche Impulse vom christlichen Menschenbild für unsere Gesellschaftspolitik ausgehen. Der Stellvertretende Fraktionsvorsitzende Franz Josef Jung gibt in seinem Beitrag einen Überblick über die Aktivitäten der Fraktion zu dem Thema.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Scandals, Newspapers, and the Election Cycle
    Political Scandals, Newspapers, and the Election Cycle Marcel Garz Jil Sörensen Jönköping University Hamburg Media School April 2019 We thank participants at the 2015 Economics of Media Bias Workshop, members of the eponymous research network, and seminar participants at the University of Hamburg for helpful comments and suggestions. We are grateful to Spiegel Publishing for access to its news archive. Daniel Czwalinna, Jana Kitzinger, Henning Meyfahrt, Fabian Mrongowius, Ulrike Otto, and Nadine Weiss provided excellent research assistance. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of Hamburg Media School. Corresponding author: Jil Sörensen, Hamburg Media School, Finkenau 35, 22081 Hamburg, Germany. Phone: + 49 40 413468 72, fax: +49 40 413468 10, email: [email protected] Abstract Election outcomes are often influenced by political scandal. While a scandal usually has negative consequences for the ones being accused of a transgression, political opponents and even media outlets may benefit. Anecdotal evidence suggests that certain scandals could be orchestrated, especially if they are reported right before an election. This study examines the timing of news coverage of political scandals relative to the national election cycle in Germany. Using data from electronic newspaper archives, we document a positive and highly significant relationship between coverage of government scandals and the election cycle. On average, one additional month closer to an election increases the amount of scandal coverage by 1.3%, which is equivalent to an 62% difference in coverage between the first and the last month of a four- year cycle. We provide suggestive evidence that this pattern can be explained by political motives of the actors involved in the production of scandal, rather than business motives by the newspapers.
    [Show full text]
  • Plenarprotokoll 16/3
    Plenarprotokoll 16/3 Deutscher Bundestag Stenografischer Bericht 3. Sitzung Berlin, Dienstag, den 22. November 2005 Inhalt: Nachruf auf die Abgeordnete Dagmar Dr. Wolfgang Schäuble, Bundesminister Schmidt (Meschede) . 65 A des Innern . 68 D Begrüßung der neuen Abgeordneten Brigitte Zypries, Bundesministerin der Justiz 68 D Christoph Pries und Johannes Singhammer 65 D Peer Steinbrück, Bundesminister der Finanzen 68 D Michael Glos, Bundesminister für Wirtschaft und Technologie . 69 A Tagesordnungspunkt 1: Horst Seehofer, Bundesminister für Ernährung, Wahl der Bundeskanzlerin . 65 D Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz . 69 A Präsident Dr. Norbert Lammert . 66 B Dr. Franz Josef Jung, Bundesminister der Verteidigung . 69 A Ergebnis . 66 C Dr. Ursula von der Leyen, Bundesministerin Dr. Angela Merkel (CDU/CSU) . 66 D für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend 69 B Ulla Schmidt, Bundesministerin für Tagesordnungspunkt 2: Gesundheit . 69 B Eidesleistung der Bundeskanzlerin . 67 A Wolfgang Tiefensee, Bundesminister für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung . 69 B Präsident Dr. Norbert Lammert . 67 A Sigmar Gabriel, Bundesminister für Umwelt, Dr. Angela Merkel, Bundeskanzlerin . 67 B Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit . 69 B Dr. Annette Schavan, Bundesministerin für Bildung und Forschung . 69 C Tagesordnungspunkt 3: Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul, Bundesministerin Bekanntgabe der Bildung der Bundesregie- für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und rung . 67 C Entwicklung . 69 C Präsident Dr. Norbert Lammert . 67 C Dr. Thomas de Maizière, Bundesminister für besondere Aufgaben . 69 C Tagesordnungspunkt 4: Eidesleistung der Bundesminister . 68 B Tagesordnungspunkt 5: Präsident Dr. Norbert Lammert . 68 B Antrag der Fraktionen der CDU/CSU, der SPD, der FDP, der LINKEN und des BÜND- Franz Müntefering, Bundesminister für Arbeit NISSES 90/DIE GRÜNEN: Bestimmung des und Soziales . 68 C Verfahrens für die Berechnung der Stellen- Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Germany and Japan As Regional Actors in the Post-Cold War Era: a Role Theoretical Comparison
    Alexandra Sakaki Germany and Japan as Regional Actors in the Post-Cold War Era: A Role Theoretical Comparison Trier 2011 GERMANY AND JAPAN AS REGIONAL ACTORS IN THE POST-COLD WAR ERA: A ROLE THEORETICAL COMPARISON A dissertation submitted by Alexandra Sakaki to the Political Science Deparment of the University of Trier in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Submission of dissertation: August 6, 2010 First examiner: Prof. Dr. Hanns W. Maull (Universität Trier) Second examiner: Prof. Dr. Christopher W. Hughes (University of Warwick) Date of viva: April 11, 2011 ABSTRACT Germany and Japan as Regional Actors in the Post-Cold War Era: A Role Theoretical Comparison Recent non-comparative studies diverge in their assessments of the extent to which German and Japanese post-Cold War foreign policies are characterized by continuity or change. While the majority of analyses on Germany find overall continuity in policies and guiding principles, prominent works on Japan see the country undergoing drastic and fundamental change. Using an explicitly comparative framework for analysis based on a role theoretical approach, this study reevaluates the question of change and continuity in the two countries‘ regional foreign policies, focusing on the time period from 1990 to 2010. Through a qualitative content analysis of key foreign policy speeches, this dissertation traces and compares German and Japanese national role conceptions (NRCs) by identifying policymakers‘ perceived duties and responsibilities of their country in international politics. Furthermore, it investigates actual foreign policy behavior in two case studies about German and Japanese policies on missile defense and on textbook disputes.
    [Show full text]
  • Germany Must Go South!
    Germany must go South in Afghanistan! DGAPstandpunkt Prof. Dr. Eberhard Sandschneider (Hrsg.) Februar 2008 N° 3 Otto Wolff-Direktor des Forschungsinstituts der DGAP e. V. ISSN 1864-3477 Germany must go South! Jan Techau and Alexander Skiba The decision of Germany’s grand coalition government to dismiss the Pentagon’s call for more German troops in the South of Afghanistan is a grave foreign policy blunder. It does a great disservice to the goal of building a stable Afghanistan and adds to the intellectual dishonesty of Germany’s foreign policy debate. Not only will Berlin’s refusal create serious damage in the relationships with its closest NATO allies. It will also reduce Germany’s room for maneuver on other security challenges. When former chancellor Gerhard Schröder tied his is equally true that the strong pacifistic and isolationist decision to support the US-led war effort in Afghani- tendencies in the German public require the illusion of stan to a vote of confidence in the Bundestag in 2002, a purely humanitarian and supportive role. politicians in Berlin were well aware of the tasks ahead in the Taliban and Al Qaida plagued failed state. It The resulting political balancing act is satisfactory to was Peter Struck, the social-democratic defense min- neither side: The German public is not provided with ister, who aptly stated: “Germany’s security is being the full picture on Afghanistan due to a cross party defended at the Hindukush.” Security interests laid at fear of rejection at the ballot box. And allied demands to do more militarily outside the North are put off the heart of sending Bundeswehr troops to the far- with the recurring hint at the wide-spread skepticism away theater.
    [Show full text]
  • Framing National Interest How Media Discourses Influence Western Policy Agendas Towards Foreign Armed Conflicts
    Framing National Interest How Media Discourses Influence Western Policy Agendas Towards Foreign Armed Conflicts Patrice Wangen Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of Political and Social Sciences of the European University Institute Florence, 23 April 2019. European University Institute Department of Political and Social Sciences Framing National Interest How Media Discourses Influence Western Policy Agendas Towards Foreign Armed Conflicts Patrice Wangen Thesis submitted for assessment with a view to obtaining the degree of Doctor of Political and Social Sciences of the European University Institute Examining Board Prof. Jennifer Welsh, European University Institute (Supervisor) Prof. Jutta Weldes, Bristol University Prof. Hanspeter Kriesi, European University Institute Prof. Keith Krause, The Garduate Institute Geneva © Patrice Wangen, 2019 No part of this thesis may be copied, reproduced or transmitted without prior permission of the author Candidate’s Declaration I, Patrice Wangen, hereby certify that I am the author of the work Framing National Interest: How Media Discourses Influence Western Policy Agendas Towards Foreign Armed Conflicts, which I have presented for examination for the Ph.D. thesis at the European University Insti- tute. I also certify that this is solely my own original work, other than where I have clearly indicated, in this declaration and in the thesis, that it is the work of others. I warrant that I have obtained the permissions required for using any material from other copyrighted publications. I certify that this work complies with the Code of Ethics in Academic Research issued by the European University Institute (IUE 332/2/10, CA 297).
    [Show full text]
  • Stability of a Unipolar World 7
    The Stability of a William C. Wohlforth Unipolar World The collapse of the Soviet Union produced the greatest change in world power relationships since World War II. With Moscow’s headlong fall from superpower status, the bipo- lar structure that had shaped the security policies of the major powers for nearly half a century vanished, and the United States emerged as the sole surviving superpower. Commentators were quick to recognize that a new “unipolar moment” of unprecedented U.S. power had arrived.1 In 1992 the Pentagon drafted a new grand strategy designed to preserve unipolarity by preventing the emergence of a global rival.2 But the draft plan soon ran into controversy, as commentators at home and abroad argued that any effort to preserve unipolarity was quixotic and dangerous.3 Ofªcials quickly backed away from the idea and now eschew the language of primacy or predomi- nance, speaking instead of the United States as a “leader” or the “indispensable nation.”4 The rise and sudden demise of an ofªcial strategy for preserving primacy lends credence to the widespread belief that unipolarity is dangerous and unstable. While scholars frequently discuss unipolarity, their focus is always on its demise. For neorealists, unipolarity is the least stable of all structures because any great concentration of power threatens other states and causes them to take action to restore a balance.5 Other scholars grant that a large William C. Wohlforth is Assistant Professor of International Relations in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. I am indebted to Stephen G.
    [Show full text]
  • EU-27 WATCH No.7
    EU-27 WATCH No. 7 ISSN 1610-6458 Issued in September 2008 Edited by the Institute for European Politics (IEP), Berlin in collaboration with the Austrian Institute of International Affairs, Vienna Institute for International Relations, Zagreb Bulgarian European Community Studies Association, Institute for World Economics of the Hungarian Sofia Academy of Sciences, Budapest Center for European Studies / Middle East Technical Institute for Strategic and International Studies, University, Ankara Lisbon Centre européen de Sciences Po, Paris Institute of International and European Affairs, Centre d’étude de la vie politique, Université libre de Dublin Bruxelles Institute of International Relations, Prague Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Européennes Institute of International Relations and Political Robert Schuman, Luxembourg Science, Vilnius University Centre of International Relations, Ljubljana Istituto Affari Internazionali, Rome Cyprus Institute for Mediterranean, European and Latvian Institute of International Affairs, International Studies, Nicosia Riga Danish Institute for International Studies, Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies, Copenhagen University of Malta Elcano Royal Institute and UNED University, Madrid Netherlands Institute of International Relations European Institute of Romania, Bucharest ‘Clingendael’, The Hague Federal Trust for Education and Research, London Slovak Foreign Policy Association, Bratislava Finnish Institute of International Affairs, Helsinki Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Foundation
    [Show full text]
  • Bridling the International Trade of Catastrophic Weaponary
    ARTICLES BRIDLING THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE OF CATASTROPHIC WEAPONRY BARRY KELLMAN* "It is fashionable among industrialized nations to deplore acquisi- tion of high-technology weapons by developing nations, but this moralistic stand is akin to drug pushers shedding tears about the weaknesses of drug addicts."' TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ..................................... 757 I. Definition of Catastrophic Weaponry .............. 759 A. Nuclear Weapons ........................... 759 B. Chemical Weapons and Toxins ................ 762 C. Biological Weapons ......................... 763 D. Ballistic Missiles ............................ 764 II. Theories of Nonproliferation .................... 767 A. Deterring Nations from Using Weapons or Preventing Weapons Acquisition ............... 768 1. Realpolitik ............................. 768 * Professor of Law, DePaul University College of Law, J.D., Yale University, 1976. The author serves as a consultant to the Defense Nuclear Agency on issues relating to the legal implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, to the Department of Energy on issues relating to inspection procedures under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, and was chairman of an international committee of legal experts that prepared a Manualfor NationalImplementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention on behalf of the international Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons in The Hague. The author is grateful for the support received from the United States Institute of Peace during the research and preparation of this Article. The author is also deeply appreciative of the reviews and comments from M. Cherif Bassiouni, Jonathan Fox, David Gualtieri, David Koplow, Jessica Stern, and Edward Tanzman. 1. C. Raja Mohan & K. Subrahmanyam, High-Technology Weapons in the Developing Work!, in NEw TECHNOLOGIES FOR SECURrIYAND ARMs CONTROL THREATs AND PRoMISE 229,229-30 (Eric H.
    [Show full text]
  • "Wohlstand Für Alle": Ludwig Erhard Und Die Soziale Marktwirtschaft
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Mann, Gerald H. Working Paper 60 Jahre "Wohlstand für alle": Ludwig Erhard und die Soziale Marktwirtschaft Arbeitspapiere der FOM, No. 74 Provided in Cooperation with: FOM Hochschule für Oekonomie & Management gGmbH Suggested Citation: Mann, Gerald H. (2019) : 60 Jahre "Wohlstand für alle": Ludwig Erhard und die Soziale Marktwirtschaft, Arbeitspapiere der FOM, No. 74, ISBN 978-3-89275-096-3, MA Akademie Verlags- und Druck-Gesellschaft mbH, Essen This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/201508 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Nr. 60 Jahre „Wohlstand für alle“ 74 Ludwig Erhard und die Soziale Marktwirtschaft ~ Gerald Mann Arbeitspapiere der FOM Gerald Mann 60 Jahre „Wohlstand für alle“ Ludwig Erhard und die Soziale Marktwirtschaft Arbeitspapiere der FOM, Nr.
    [Show full text]
  • Öffentliche Anhörung „Neustart Für Die Wirtschaft in Deutschland Und Europa“ Am 27
    Deutscher Bundestag: Öffentliche Anhörung „Neustart für die Wirtschaft in Deutschland und Europa“ am 27. Mai 2020 Prof. Dr. Max Otte 1 Öffentliche Anhörung im Deutschen Bundestag: „Neustart für die Wirtschaft in Deutschland und Europa“ am 27. Mai 2020 – Stellungnahme Prof. Dr. Max Otte Deutscher Bundestag: Öffentliche Anhörung „Neustart für die Wirtschaft in Deutschland und Europa“ am 27. Mai 2020 von Prof. Dr. Max Otte Inhalt 0 Zusammenfassung ........................................................................................................................... 4 1 Die Situation vor Corona ................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Niedrig- und Negativzinsen, hohe Schulden ........................................................................... 5 1.2 Geringes Produktivitätswachstum .......................................................................................... 6 1.3 Abstieg der Mittelschicht, Aufblähung der Asset-Märkte und ungleiche Vermögensverteilung sowie Populismus als globales Phänomen ...................................................... 8 1.4 Divergenzen in der Eurozone ................................................................................................ 10 1.5 Die Deutschen: die armen Verwandten der Eurozone ......................................................... 11 1.6 Die Wirtschaft steuerte bereits vor Corona auf eine Rezession zu ....................................... 12 1.7 Der Reset des Weltfinanzsystems war bereits
    [Show full text]