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Waketola Getachew.Pdf ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY THE SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND LAW DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES DETERMINANTS OF LAND DEGRADATION, IN NEJO WOREDA, WESTERN ETHIOPIA BY WAKETOLA GETACHEW MA THESIS SUBMITTED TO SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND LAW DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AUGUST, 2017 ADAMA, ETHIOPIA. i ADAMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY THE SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND LAW DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES DETERMINANTS OF LAND DEGRADATION, IN NEJO WOREDA, WESTERN ETHIOPIA BY WAKETOLA GETACHEW ADVISOR DR. TSETADRGACHEW LEGESSE MA THESIS SUBMITTED TO SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND LAW DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES INPARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREEOF MASTER OF ARTS IN GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AUGUST, 2017 ADAMA, ETHIOPIA. i Declaration I declare that this thesis is my original work and that all sources of materials used for this thesis have been duly acknowledged. I solemnly declare that this thesis has never been presented to any other institution anywhere for the award of any academic degree. This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for M.A. Degree in Geography and Environmental Studies at Adama Science and Technology University. Name: Waketola Getachew Signature_____________ Date_________________ i Acknowledgment Above all, I would like to thank the Almighty God for his help in all aspects to finalize my study. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Dr. Tsetadrgachew Legesse for his invaluable advice, comments, encouragement and assistance throughout the thesis work. I have no words to thank and appreciate Ato Girma Wadajo and Ato Tesfa Mosisa for their continuous support morally and materially. My special thanks go to Ato Dula Tafese for his continuous support during data collection. All enumerators are also acknowledged for their cooperation during data gathering. I owe my deepest thanks to Ato Bojia Tariku for his continuous and tireless support during data collection and field survey. I would like to extend my thanks to Nejo Preparatory School Staff for their support materially. I would like to express my thanks to Nejo Woreda Agriculyural and Rural Development Office and Nejo WoredaFinance and Development Office Staff for their giving relevant data. Last but not list, my heartfelt appreciation and great thanks goes to my wife Bayeti Fikiru and my sister Elfinesh Erena for their blessing and moral support. I Table of Contents Content Page ACKNOWLEDGMENT...................................................................................................... I TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................... II LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. V LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... VI ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................... VII ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... VIII CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 1 1.1.Background of the Study .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem .............................................................................................. 3 1. 3 Objective of the Study ................................................................................................. 4 1.3.1 General Objective of the Study .............................................................................. 4 1.3.2 Specific Objective of the Study .............................................................................. 4 1.4 Research Questions ....................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Significance of the Study .............................................................................................. 5 1.6 Scope of the Study ........................................................................................................ 5 1.7 Limitation of the Study ................................................................................................. 6 1.8 Organization of the Research ........................................................................................ 6 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE............................................. 7 2.1 The Concept of Land Degradation ................................................................................ 7 2.2 Causes of Land Degradation ......................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 Population Pressure as Causes of Land Degradation ............................................. 8 2.2.2 The Causal Relationship between Deforestation and LD in Ethiopia .................. 10 2.2.3 The Impact of Termite on Forest Resource .......................................................... 11 2.2.4 Mining and Quarrying Activities as Cause of Land Degradation ........................ 12 2.3 Effects of Land Degradation. ...................................................................................... 13 2.4 Consequences of Land Degradation ........................................................................... 15 2.5 Empirical Literature .................................................................................................... 15 II 2.5.1 Previous Studies Concerning Causes of Land Degradation ................................. 15 2.5.2 Previous Studies and Causes of LD in Context of Ethiopia ................................. 16 2.6 Literature Gap ............................................................................................................. 17 2.7 Conceptual Framework ............................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER THREE: DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA AND THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................................................. 20 3.1 Description of the Study Area ..................................................................................... 20 3.1.1 Physical Background of the Study Area ............................................................... 20 3.1.2 Demographic and Socioeconomic Condition of the Study Area .......................... 23 3.2 The Research Methods (Methodology)....................................................................... 27 3.2.1 Research Design ................................................................................................... 27 3.2.2 Study Population .................................................................................................. 27 3.2.3 Sampling Techniques ............................................................................................ 27 3.2.4 Data Type and Data Source .................................................................................. 29 3.2.5 Data Gathering (Collection) Tools ....................................................................... 30 3.2.6 Method of Data Analysis ...................................................................................... 31 3.3 Data Validity and Reliability ....................................................................................... 31 3.4 Ethical Consideration .................................................................................................. 32 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT AND DISCUSSION .......................................................... 33 4.1 Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics of the Respondents ...................... 33 4.1.1 Demographic Characteristics of the SHHs ........................................................... 33 4.1.2 Socioeconomic Characteristics of the SHHs ........................................................ 35 4.2 Prevalence, Extent, Causes, Effects, and Measures Against LD in Nejo Woreda ...... 39 4.2.1 Prevalence and Forms of Land Degradation in Nejo Woreda .............................. 39 4.2.2 Extent of Land Degradation in Nejo Woreda ....................................................... 44 4.2.3 Causes of Land Degradation in Nejo Woreda ...................................................... 44 4.2.3.1 Proximate and Underlying Causes of Land Degradation .............................. 44 4.2.4 Effects of Land Degradation in Nejo Woreda ...................................................... 51 4.2.5 Measures Against Land Degradation in Nejo Woreda. ........................................ 53 III 4.3 Summary of Regresion Result .................................................................................... 56 CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND ................................................... 58 RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................. 58 5.1 Summary ..................................................................................................................... 58 5.2 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 59 5.3 Recommendations ......................................................................................................
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