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Gibbon Journal Nr. 4 – May 2008 Gibbon Conservation Alliance ii Gibbon Journal Nr. 4 – 2008 GCA Contents / Inhalt Cover legend........................................................................................................................................................ ii Instructions to Contributors .............................................................................................................................................iii Impressum........................................................................................................................................................................iii Gibbon paintings in China, Japan, and Korea: Historical distribution, production rate and context Thomas Geissmann.............................................................................................................................................1 The gibbons of Pu Mat National Park in Vietnam Julia Ruppell.......................................................................................................................................................39 Observations on paternal care in a captive family of white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) Zsófia Clemens, Björn Merker, and Mária Ujhelyi............................................................................................46 Intergroup conflict in captive siamangs (Symphalangus syndactylus) Thomas Geissmann...........................................................................................................................................51 Steroid secretion in siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) skin glands Thomas Geissmann and Brigitte Manella ........................................................................................................56 A primate “motor theory of sound perception”: Three case studies with gibbons Eva Maria Eberl..................................................................................................................................................64 New Media 2007............................................................................................................................................................73 Theses................................................................................................................................................................73 Books and special publications.........................................................................................................................73 Journal articles and book chapters ...................................................................................................................73 Congresses and Workshops.........................................................................................................................................78 What is the Gibbon Conservation Alliance?.................................................................................................................79 How can I help the Gibbons?........................................................................................................................................80 Cover legend Left: Bronze and silver monkey fitting. Late Eastern Zhou period, 4th-3rd century BC. Dimensions: length 18.2 cm. Source: Eskenazi (2000, pp. 38-41, no. 5). Courtesy of Eskenazi Ltd.– Halterung aus Bronze und Silber, Östliche Zhou-Dynastie, 4.-3. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Right top: A family of monkeys. Attributed to Yi Yuanji (active mid-late 11th century, Northern Song dynasty, China). Ink and colour on silk. Dimensions: 50.5 x 82 cm. Source: Christie’s (2000, p. 19, Lot 503). – Gibbonfamilie. Yi Yuanji zugeschrieben (Mittleres bis spätes 11. Jahrhundert, Nördliche Song-Dynastie, China). Right bottom: Gibbons and a bamboo grove. Hasegawa Tohaku (1539-1610, Momoyama period, Japan). This is the left screen of a pair of six-panel screens; the right screen (not shown) depicts a bamboo grove, without gibbons. Ink and gold on paper. Dimensions of each screen: 154.0 x 361.8 cm. Collection of the Shôkoku-ji Temple, Japan. – Gibbons und ein Bambushain. Hasegawa Tohaku (1539-1610, Momoyama-Periode, Japan). Gibbon Journal Nr. 4 – 2008 iii Instructions to Contributors The Gibbon Journal publishes original papers in Das Gibbon Journal veröffentlicht Orignalarbeiten in English or German on all aspects of gibbon natural englischer oder deutscher Sprache über alle Aspekte history. It is distributed electronically and published der Gibbon-Naturkunde. Es erscheint jährlich und annually by the Gibbon Conservation Alliance. wird elektronisch publiziert von der Gibbon Conservation Alliance. An English abstract is to be provided, preferably no Dem Manuskript soll eine englische Zusammen- longer than 250 words. fassung von bis zu 250 Worten beiliegen. Figures and tables should be numbered and referred Abbildungen und Tabellen sollten beide fortlaufend to by number in the text. Each figure and table nummeriert sein und im Text genannt werden. Jede should have an accompanying caption. Colour Abbildung und jede Tabelle sollte eine Legende figures are welcome, but should be understandable if haben. Farbabbildungen sind willkommen, sollten printed in black-and-white. jedoch auch verständlich sein, wenn sie in schwarz- weiss gedruckt werden. Citations in the text should include author name(s) Von zitierten Publikationen sollen im Text Autoren- and year in parentheses. Where there are three or namen und Veröffentlichungsjahr in Klammern more authors, only the first author’s name is given in genannt werden. Bei mehr als zwei Autoren wird nur the text, followed by “et al.”. der erste genannt und die übrigen mit „et al.“ List cited references alphabetically at the end of the abgekürzt. paper. Examples: Die zitierte Literatur sollte am Ende des Manuskripts in alphabetischer Reihenfolge gelistet werden. Beispiele: Papers in journals: Zeitschriftenartikel: Traeholt, C., Bonthoeun, R., Virak, C., Samuth, M., and Vutthin, S. (2006). Song activity of the pileated gibbon, Hylobates pileatus, in Cambodia. Primate Conservation 21: 139-144. Books: Bücher: Groves, C. P. (2001). Primate taxonomy, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., viii+350 pp. Papers in edited books: Arbeiten in editierten Büchern: Brockelman, W. Y., and Gittins, S. P. (1984). Natural hybridization in the Hylobates lar species group: Implications for speciation in gibbons. In Preuschoft, H., Chivers, D. J., Brockelman, W. Y., and Creel, N. (eds.), The lesser apes. Evolutionary and behavioural biology, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 498-532. Theses: Dissertationen: Whittaker, D. J. (2005). Evolutionary genetics of Kloss’s gibbons (Hylobates klossii): Systematics, phylogeography, and conservation, PhD thesis, Faculty in Anthropology, The City University of New York, xiv+201 pp. Impressum Gibbon Journal 4, May 2008 ISSN 1661-707X Publisher: Gibbon Conservation Alliance, Zürich, Switzerland http://www.gibbonconservation.org Editor: Thomas Geissmann, Anthropological Institute, University Zürich-Irchel, Universitätstrasse 190, CH–8057 Zürich, Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] Gibbon Journal Nr. 4 – 2008 1 Gibbon paintings in China, Japan, and Korea: Historical distribution, production rate and context Thomas Geissmann Anthropological Institute, University Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH–8057 Zürich, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Gibbons (the small apes of the family Hylobatidae) occupied in the past and still occupy today an important niche in Chinese – and for some time also in Japanese and Korean – cultures. Their importance can be assessed in the frequent depiction of gibbons in the figurative arts. This is the first study to quantify the production of gibbon paintings in various periods of these countries’ history. A total of 818 gibbon paintings were surveyed. Results show that the earliest gibbon paintings are much older than suggested in some previous publications – both in China (pre-Song) and in Japan (pre- Momoyama). Moreover, because of the low sampling level of early Asian paintings, gibbon paintings as a genre in each of these countries may still have a much earlier origin than the date indicated by the earliest paintings found during this study. The genre originated in China and later spread to the neighbouring countries Japan and Korea, although artists had limited knowledge about the apes they painted because gibbons never naturally occurred in these countries. Chinese paintings depicted gibbons in a large number of functions and contexts, for instance as symbols of Daoist and Buddhist origin. In Japan, however, the genre was introduced by Zen (=Chan) monks, and the large majority of Japanese gibbon paintings depict the old Buddhist theme “Gibbons grasping for the reflection of the moon in the water”. Stylistically, however, Chinese and Japanese gibbon paintings quickly drifted apart. The theme “Gibbons grasping for the reflection of the moon in the water” is not depicted in Korean paintings, but the small sample of Korean gibbon paintings found during this study precludes generalizations. The production rate of gibbon paintings/time in China underwent marked, previously undocumented fluctuations. During the period from 1525 to 1900, gibbon paintings were continuously, but not frequently, being produced in China. To judge by the number of preserved gibbon paintings from that time, the genre was apparently more popular in Japan than in China. The most dramatic increase in the production rate of gibbon paintings occurred in
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