IAA Planetary Defense Conference: Preliminary Program Gathering for Impact May 15-19, 2017 May 12Th 2017 Page 1
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Planetary Science Division Status Report
Planetary Science Division Status Report Jim Green NASA, Planetary Science Division January 26, 2017 Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory CommiBee Outline • Planetary Science ObjecFves • Missions and Events Overview • Flight Programs: – Discovery – New FronFers – Mars Programs – Outer Planets • Planetary Defense AcFviFes • R&A Overview • Educaon and Outreach AcFviFes • PSD Budget Overview New Horizons exploresPlanetary Science Pluto and the Kuiper Belt Ascertain the content, origin, and evoluFon of the Solar System and the potenFal for life elsewhere! 01/08/2016 As the highest resolution images continue to beam back from New Horizons, the mission is onto exploring Kuiper Belt Objects with the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) camera from unique viewing angles not visible from Earth. New Horizons is also beginning maneuvers to be able to swing close by a Kuiper Belt Object in the next year. Giant IcebergsObjecve 1.5.1 (water blocks) floatingObjecve 1.5.2 in glaciers of Objecve 1.5.3 Objecve 1.5.4 Objecve 1.5.5 hydrogen, mDemonstrate ethane, and other frozenDemonstrate progress gasses on the Demonstrate Sublimation pitsDemonstrate from the surface ofDemonstrate progress Pluto, potentially surface of Pluto.progress in in exploring and progress in showing a geologicallyprogress in improving active surface.in idenFfying and advancing the observing the objects exploring and understanding of the characterizing objects The Newunderstanding of Horizons missionin the Solar System to and the finding locaons origin and evoluFon in the Solar System explorationhow the chemical of Pluto wereunderstand how they voted the where life could of life on Earth to that pose threats to and physical formed and evolve have existed or guide the search for Earth or offer People’sprocesses in the Choice for Breakthrough of thecould exist today life elsewhere resources for human Year forSolar System 2015 by Science Magazine as exploraon operate, interact well as theand evolve top story of 2015 by Discover Magazine. -
Using a Nuclear Explosive Device for Planetary Defense Against an Incoming Asteroid
Georgetown University Law Center Scholarship @ GEORGETOWN LAW 2019 Exoatmospheric Plowshares: Using a Nuclear Explosive Device for Planetary Defense Against an Incoming Asteroid David A. Koplow Georgetown University Law Center, [email protected] This paper can be downloaded free of charge from: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/2197 https://ssrn.com/abstract=3229382 UCLA Journal of International Law & Foreign Affairs, Spring 2019, Issue 1, 76. This open-access article is brought to you by the Georgetown Law Library. Posted with permission of the author. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub Part of the Air and Space Law Commons, International Law Commons, Law and Philosophy Commons, and the National Security Law Commons EXOATMOSPHERIC PLOWSHARES: USING A NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVE DEVICE FOR PLANETARY DEFENSE AGAINST AN INCOMING ASTEROID DavidA. Koplow* "They shall bear their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks" Isaiah 2:4 ABSTRACT What should be done if we suddenly discover a large asteroid on a collision course with Earth? The consequences of an impact could be enormous-scientists believe thatsuch a strike 60 million years ago led to the extinction of the dinosaurs, and something ofsimilar magnitude could happen again. Although no such extraterrestrialthreat now looms on the horizon, astronomers concede that they cannot detect all the potentially hazardous * Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center. The author gratefully acknowledges the valuable comments from the following experts, colleagues and friends who reviewed prior drafts of this manuscript: Hope M. Babcock, Michael R. Cannon, Pierce Corden, Thomas Graham, Jr., Henry R. Hertzfeld, Edward M. -
Polarimetric and Photometric Observations of Neas with the 1.6M Pirka Telescope
PPS03-P17 Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2018 Polarimetric and Photometric observations of NEAs with the 1.6m Pirka Telescope *Ryo Okazaki1, Tomohiko Sekiguchi1, Akari Kamada1, Masateru Ishiguro2, Hiroyuki Naito3, Masataka Imai4, Tatsuharu Ono4 1. Hokkaido University of Education, 2. Seoul National University, 3. Nayoro Observatory, 4. Hokkaido University Polarimetric observations of 3 near-Earth asteroids, 2000 PD3, 2012 TC4 and (3200) Phaethon, were carried out in 2017 using the 1.6m Pirka telescope at the Nayoro Observatory, Hokkaido, as well as BVRIphotometric color observations were conducted for 2000 PD3. Polarimetry is a useful method for investigating asteroids’ physical properties such as the albedo, regolith particle size and taxonomy of asteroids. In general, Pr (the linear polarization degree) exhibits a strong dependence on the phase angle (Sun-Target-Observer’s angle, α). 2000 PD3 In order to understand Pmax (maximum Polarization degree) , we attempted to obtain polarimetric data at different phase angles (α=22°-120°). A geometric albedo of pv=0.26±0.06% were derived from a limited αrange ( 25°-84°) which is in good agreement with that of S-type asteroids. BVRI photometric data (B-V=0.132±0.002mag,V-R=0.114±0.002mag,V-I=0.180±0.002mag) supports S-type classification. 2012 TC4 In October 2017, 2012 TC4 approached to the Earth at about 50,000 km of the closest distance. A fast rotation period about 0.2 hours (Ryan and Ryan, 2017) indicates a monolithic suraface layer which is not covered with a rubble pile. The liner polarization Pr=5.62±5.26% (α=34°) in the R-band is in close accord with that of C-type asteroids, although October run was performed under bad weather. -
The Blurring Distinction Between Asteroids and Comets
Answers Research Journal 8 (2015):203–208. www.answersingenesis.org/arj/v8/asteroids-and-comets.pdf The Blurring Distinction between Asteroids and Comets Danny R. Faulkner, Answers in Genesis, PO Box 510, Hebron, Kentucky, 41048. Abstract Asteroids and comets long had been viewed as distinct objects with regards to orbits and composition. However, discoveries made in recent years have blurred those distinctions. Whether there is a continuum on which our older conception of asteroids and comets are extremes or if there still is a gap between them is not entirely clear yet. Some of the newer views of comets and asteroids may challenge the evolutionary theory of the solar system. Additionally, the new information may challenge the idea that the solar system is billions of years old. For readers not versed in nomenclature of small solar system bodies, I discuss that in the appendix. Keywords: small solar system objects, comets, asteroids (minor planets) Introduction the sun, and their orbits frequently are inclined The differences between asteroids and comets considerably to the orbits of the planets. Because of At one time, we thought of asteroids and comets as their highly elliptical orbits, most comets alternately being two very different groups of objects. Comets and are very close to the sun when near perihelion and asteroids certainly looked different. Comets can be very far from the sun when near aphelion. Comets visible to the naked eye, and have been known since spend most of the time near aphelion far from the ancient times. They have a hazy, fuzzy appearance. sun, so that their ices remain frozen. -
Venona Special Studies
- 1 - Venona Project Special Studies Transcribed by Students of the Mercyhurst College Institute for Intelligence Studies Arranged by John Earl Haynes, Library of Congress, 2010 COVER NAMES IN NEW YORK TRAFFIC p. 2 UNIDENTIFIED COVER NAMES IN NEW YORK TRAFFIC p. 86 COVER NAMES IN SAN FRANCISCO TRAFFIC p. 92 COVER NAMES IN WASHINGTON TRAFFIC p. 123 ADDITIONAL COVERNAMES AND RELATED INFORMATION IN DIPLOMATIC TRAFFIC p. 127 REVISED TRANSLATION OF MESSAGE ON ANTENNA-LIBERAL'S WIFE ETHEL p. 135 THE COVERNAMES "ANTENNA" AND "LIBERAL" IN . MESSAGES p. 139 ESSAGES IN . INVOLVING THE COVERNAME"ENORMOZ" AND THE NAMES OF NUCLEAR PHYSICISTS, ETC. p. 147 UNDATED REPORT OF MEREDITH GARDNER p. 155 DEVELOPMENT OF THE “G--“HOMER” [“GOMER”] CASE p. 158 THE KOMAR (KRAVCHENKO) AFFAIR IN . MESSAGES p. 161 REVISED TRANSLATION OF TWO . MESSAGES ON CHANGES IN COVERNAMES p. 170 THE COVERNAME "KARAS" IN. TRAFFIC p. 178 THE COVERNAMES "TÉNOR", "BAS", AND "CHETÁ" (? IN . TRAFFIC p. 181 - 2 - Special Study Cover Names in New York Traffic - 3 - cover-name Message number Date Publication reference S/ or 3/NBF/ 19 N.Y. to M. 812 29053 JKI 06 T1022 1B-1910 0027A ABRAM N.Y. to M. 992 24063 JKR 14 T872√ 1B-7518 0005A JACK SOBLE 1086 06073 JKV 48 T873√ 2A-0011 1957 29113 NNNNNN T939√ 625 04054 JHD 48 T916√ 851 15064 JIJ 40 T10.1√ 1146 10084 JHM 41 T123√ 1251 02094 JHN 12 T301√ (to ChEKh) 0005B 1353 23094 JHO 42 T289√ 1449 12104 JIL 37 T106√ 1754 14124 JHZ 49 T6√ 48 11015 JHV 37 (NSA)T1941 AVGUR 2A-0013 1638 (AUGUR) N.Y. -
The Hera Mission
Dr. Patrick Michel Hera Investigation Team PI Université Côte d’Azur Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur CNRS, Lagrange Laboratory Nice, France The Hera Mission ESA UNCLASSIFIED - For Official Use Hera main aspects Role of space missions at ESA in NEO hazard mitigation • Understanding the problem (deflection modeling and simulations) 2001 • Ground versus space solutions analyses • Assessment of space component options 2002- • 6 parallel phase-0 studies (3 space telescopes, 3 rendezvous) Euneos Nero Earthguard 1 2004 • ESA’s NEO Mission Advisory Panel (NEOMAP) established • Kinetic impactor validation ranked highest importance 2004- • Don Quijote mission selected and studied up to phase-A level 2006 • SANCHO / Proba-IP orbiter up to phase A level studies, small deep-space Don Quijote Ishtar Simone 2008- mission to investigate impactor’s result 2009 • AIDA proposed by NASA: USA/impactor + ESA/impact assessment • ESA phase 0 and phase A studies on the observer spacecraft "AIM” (GSP) 2011- Proba-IP 2016 • Phase B1 study and “consolidation phase” for mission definition (GSTP) • HERA: impact observer spacecraft reformulation and optimization AIM 2017- • Phase B1 implementation + payload + technology breadboards (GSTP+SSA) Several concepts 2019 • DART phase-C kick-off on 15 May 2018 Hera iterated AIDA: An International Planetary Defense Mission U.S. National Research Council Committee “Defending Planet Earth: Near-Earth Object Surveys and Hazard Mitigation Strategies” Recommendation: “If [U.S.] Congress chooses to fund mitigation research at an appropriately high level, the first priority for a space mission in the mitigation area is an experimental test of a kinetic impactor along with a characterization, monitoring, and verification system, such as the Don Quixote mission that was previously considered, but not funded, by the European Space Agency. -
1. Some of the Definitions of the Different Types of Objects in the Solar
1. Some of the definitions of the different types of objects in has the greatest orbital inclination (orbit at the the solar system overlap. Which one of the greatest angle to that of Earth)? following pairs does not overlap? That is, if an A) Mercury object can be described by one of the labels, it B) Mars cannot be described by the other. C) Jupiter A) dwarf planet and asteroid D) Pluto B) dwarf planet and Kuiper belt object C) satellite and Kuiper belt object D) meteoroid and planet 10. Of the following objects in the solar system, which one has the greatest orbital eccentricity and therefore the most elliptical orbit? 2. Which one of the following is a small solar system body? A) Mercury A) Rhea, a moon of Saturn B) Mars B) Pluto C) Earth C) Ceres (an asteroid) D) Pluto D) Mathilde (an asteroid) 11. What is the largest moon of the dwarf planet Pluto 3. Which of the following objects was discovered in the called? twentieth century? A) Chiron A) Pluto B) Callisto B) Uranus C) Charon C) Neptune D) Triton D) Ceres 12. If you were standing on Pluto, how often would you see 4. Pluto was discovered in the satellite Charon rise above the horizon each A) 1930. day? B) 1846. A) once each 6-hour day as Pluto rotates on its axis C) 1609. B) twice each 6-hour day because Charon is in a retrograde D) 1781. orbit C) once every 2 days because Charon orbits in the same direction Pluto rotates but more slowly 5. -
Near-Infrared Observations of Active Asteroid (3200) Phaethon Reveal No Evidence for Hydration ✉ Driss Takir 1,7 , Theodore Kareta 2, Joshua P
ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15637-7 OPEN Near-infrared observations of active asteroid (3200) Phaethon reveal no evidence for hydration ✉ Driss Takir 1,7 , Theodore Kareta 2, Joshua P. Emery3, Josef Hanuš 4, Vishnu Reddy2, Ellen S. Howell2, Andrew S. Rivkin5 & Tomoko Arai6 Asteroid (3200) Phaethon is an active near-Earth asteroid and the parent body of the Geminid Meteor Shower. Because of its small perihelion distance, Phaethon’s surface reaches 1234567890():,; temperatures sufficient to destabilize hydrated materials. We conducted rotationally resolved spectroscopic observations of this asteroid, mostly covering the northern hemisphere and the equatorial region, beyond 2.5-µm to search for evidence of hydration on its surface. Here we show that the observed part of Phaethon does not exhibit the 3-µm hydrated mineral absorption (within 2σ). These observations suggest that Phaethon’s modern activity is not due to volatile sublimation or devolatilization of phyllosilicates on its surface. It is possible that the observed part of Phaethon was originally hydrated and has since lost volatiles from its surface via dehydration, supporting its connection to the Pallas family, or it was formed from anhydrous material. 1 JETS/ARES, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058-3696, USA. 2 Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721- 0092, USA. 3 Department of Astronomy and Planetary Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA. 4 Institute of Astronomy, Charles University, CZ-18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic. 5 Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20273, USA. 6 Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Japan. -
Planetary Defence Activities Beyond NASA and ESA
Planetary Defence Activities Beyond NASA and ESA Brent W. Barbee 1. Introduction The collision of a significant asteroid or comet with Earth represents a singular natural disaster for a myriad of reasons, including: its extraterrestrial origin; the fact that it is perhaps the only natural disaster that is preventable in many cases, given sufficient preparation and warning; its scope, which ranges from damaging a city to an extinction-level event; and the duality of asteroids and comets themselves---they are grave potential threats, but are also tantalising scientific clues to our ancient past and resources with which we may one day build a prosperous spacefaring future. Accordingly, the problems of developing the means to interact with asteroids and comets for purposes of defence, scientific study, exploration, and resource utilisation have grown in importance over the past several decades. Since the 1980s, more and more asteroids and comets (especially the former) have been discovered, radically changing our picture of the solar system. At the beginning of the year 1980, approximately 9,000 asteroids were known to exist. By the beginning of 2001, that number had risen to approximately 125,000 thanks to the Earth-based telescopic survey efforts of the era, particularly the emergence of modern automated telescopic search systems, pioneered by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s (MIT’s) LINEAR system in the mid-to-late 1990s.1 Today, in late 2019, about 840,000 asteroids have been discovered,2 with more and more being found every week, month, and year. Of those, approximately 21,400 are categorised as near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), 2,000 of which are categorised as Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs)3 and 2,749 of which are categorised as potentially accessible.4 The hazards posed to us by asteroids affect people everywhere around the world. -
Volume 1, #1 2021 May 14 Published on Behalf of the International Astronomical Union by the WG Small Bodies Nomenclature
Volume 1, #1 2021 May 14 Published on behalf of the International Astronomical Union by the WG Small Bodies Nomenclature. ISSN <applied for> Cover image: Navigation image of (1) Ceres, obtained by the DAWN mission. Courtesy NASA/JPL-CALTECH. WGSBN Bull. 1, #1 Table of Contents Editorial Notice.....................................................................................................................8 New Names of Minor Planets...............................................................................................8 (3708) Socus = 1974 FV1...............................................................................................9 (4035) Thestor = 1986 WD1...........................................................................................9 (4489) Dracius = 1988 AK..............................................................................................9 (4715) Medesicaste = 1989 TS1.....................................................................................9 (5258) Rhoeo = 1989 AU1..............................................................................................9 (5311) Rutherford = 1981 GD1.......................................................................................9 (5346) Benedetti = 1981 QE3.........................................................................................9 (5648) Axius = 1990 VU1...............................................................................................9 (5766) Carmelofalco = 1986 QR3..................................................................................9 -
Planet Earth Taken by Hayabusa-2
Space Science in JAXA Planet Earth May 15, 2017 taken by Hayabusa-2 Saku Tsuneta, PhD JAXA Vice President Director General, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science 2017 IAA Planetary Defense Conference, May 15-19,1 Tokyo 1 Brief Introduction of Space Science in JAXA Introduction of ISAS and JAXA • As a national center of space science & engineering research, ISAS carries out development and in-orbit operation of space science missions with other directorates of JAXA. • ISAS is an integral part of JAXA, and has close collaboration with other directorates such as Research and Development and Human Spaceflight Technology Directorates. • As an inter-university research institute, these activities are intimately carried out with universities and research institutes inside and outside Japan. ISAS always seeks for international collaboration. • Space science missions are proposed by researchers, and incubated by ISAS. ISAS plays a strategic role for mission selection primarily based on the bottom-up process, considering strategy of JAXA and national space policy. 3 JAXA recent science missions HAYABUSA 2003-2010 AKARI(ASTRO-F)2006-2011 KAGUYA（SELENE)2007-2009 Asteroid Explorer Infrared Astronomy Lunar Exploration IKAROS 2010 HAYABUSA2 2014-2020 M-V Rocket Asteroid Explorer Solar Sail SUZAKU(ASTRO-E2)2005- AKATSUKI 2010- X-Ray Astronomy Venus Meteorogy ARASE 2016- HINODE(SOLAR-B)2006- Van Allen belt Solar Observation Hisaki 2013 4 Planetary atmosphere Close ties between space science and space technology Space Technology Divisions Space -
The Sky This Month – Oct 11 to Nov 15, 2017 (Times in EDT & EST) by Chris Vaughan
RASC Toronto Centre – www.rascto.ca The Sky This Month – Oct 11 to Nov 15, 2017 (times in EDT & EST) by Chris Vaughan NEWS Space Exploration – Public and Private Ref. http://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/ Launches Oct 11 at Approx. 6:53-8:53 pm EDT - A SpaceX Falcon 9 (re-used) rocket from Kennedy Space Center, payload SES-11/EchoStar 105 hybrid comsat. TBD - United Launch Alliance Atlas 5 rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, classified payload for U.S. National Reconnaissance Office. Oct 12 at 5:32 am EDT - Soyuz rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan, payload 68th Progress cargo delivery to the ISS. Oct 13 at 5:27 am EDT - Eurockot Rockot from Plesetsk Cosmodrome, Russia, payload Sentinel 5 Precursor Earth obs sat for ESA (measures atmospheric air quality, ozone, pollution and aerosols). Oct 17 at 5:37 pm EDT - Minotaur-C rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base, CA, payload six SkySat Earth obs sats and CubeSats. Oct 30 at 3:34-5:58 pm EDT - Falcon 9 rocket from Cape Canaveral, payload Koreasat 5A comsat. Nov 7 at 8:42:30 pm EST - Arianespace Vega rocket from ZLV, Kourou, French Guiana, payload MN35-13 Earth obs sat for Morocco. Nov 10 at 4:47:03-4:48:05 am EST - United Launch Alliance Delta 2 rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base, CA, payload 1st spacecraft in NOAA’s next-gen Joint Polar Satellite Weather Sat System. Nov 10 at 8:02 am EST - Orbital ATK Antares rocket from Wallops Island, Virginia, payload 9th Cygnus cargo freighter delivery flight to the ISS.