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Yenġçağ Dġnġ Akimlarin Teolojġk Açidan Ġncelenmesġ

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Yenġçağ Dġnġ Akimlarin Teolojġk Açidan Ġncelenmesġ T.C. SAKARYA ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ SOSYAL BĠLĠMLER ENSTĠTÜSÜ YENĠÇAĞ DĠNĠ AKIMLARIN TEOLOJĠK AÇIDAN ĠNCELENMESĠ YÜKSEK LĠSANS TEZĠ Uğur ÖZDEMĠR Enstitü Anabilim Dalı: Temel Ġslam Bilimleri Enstitü Bilim Dalı : Kelam Tez DanıĢmanı: Prof. Dr. Ramazan BĠÇER HAZĠRAN-2011 BEYAN Bu tezin yazılmasında bilimsel ahlak kurallarına uyulduğunu, baĢkalarının eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel normlara uygun olarak atıfta bulunulduğunu, kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmadığını, tezin herhangi bir kısmının bu üniversite veya baĢka bir üniversitedeki baĢka bir tez çalıĢması olarak sunulmadığını beyan ederim. Uğur ÖZDEMĠR 11.05.2011 ÖNSÖZ Ġnsanların birbirlerinden farklı hissiyat ve fikriyata sahip oluĢları onların dini alanda da farklılaĢmasını beraberinde getirmiĢtir. Bu sebeple inanıĢların farklılaĢması daha ilk insandan itibaren baĢlayan bir süreçtir. Bu süre zarfında diğer insanların inanması arzusuyla çeĢitli iddiaları dile getiren insanların ortaya çıkıĢı da bilinen bir gerçektir. Bu kiĢiler kendilerinde „kutsal‟ bilgilerin olduğunu iddia etmiĢlerdir. Diğerler insanlarında kendilerine inanmaları için iddialarını yayma gayretinde bulunmuĢlardır. Yakın zamanda da bu iddiaların benzerlerini dile getiren birçok oluĢum ve akımdan da bahsetmek mümkündür. Günümüzde ise ilk hareket noktaları ve ortaya çıkıĢ gayeleri farklı olan bu akımların ortak hedeflerinin bulunduğunu belirtebiliriz. Bu hedefi ise modernitenin ve ferdiyetçiliğin yalnızlaĢtırdığı kalabalıklar olarak zikredebiliriz. GörülmüĢtür ki Yeni Çağ Dini Akımlar ortaya çıktıkları coğrafyalarda yayılmalarının yanı sıra yeni müntesip kazanma konusunda ve farklı alanlara ulaĢmada klasik dinler kadar maharetli olduklarını ortaya koymuĢlardır. Ülkemizde de bu akımların faaliyetlerini artırarak sürdürdükleri bilinen bir gerçektir. Buna ilaveten yurtdıĢında yaĢayan vatandaĢlarımıza yönelik özel gayretlerin olduğu ise „Ģahit‟ olunan bir vakadır. Bu sebeple Yeni Çağ Dini Akımların sosyal hayatımızdaki etkisi giderek artan bir haldir.Buna rağmen haklarında araĢtırma ve incelemelerin eksikliği bariz bir Ģekilde göze batmaktadır. „Yeni Çağ Dini Akımlar‟ konusu, ilahiyat camiası açısından yeni karĢılaĢılan bir problem olarak akademik çerçevede teolojik açıdan üzerinde durulmaya değer bulunmuĢtur. Her ne kadar ülkemiz akademik camiasında dinler tarihi, dinler psikolojisi ve sosyolojisi gibi alanlarda kısıtlı birkaç araĢtırmanın varlığından bahsedilecek olsa dahi bu akımların teolojisine yönelik bir çalıĢmanın olmadığını özellikle belirtmeliyim. Alanında ilk olan bu çalıĢma tabiidir ki hacminin üzerinde bir yükün altına girmiĢtir. Bu sebeple araĢtırmanın bazı eksiklikler barındıracağını peĢinen kabul etmeliyim. Bu çalıĢma konusunu seçmemde ve akabinde çalıĢmanın hazırlanması aĢamasında yardımlarını hiçbir Ģekilde esirgemeyen danıĢman hocam Prof. Dr. Ramazan BĠÇER‟e teĢekkürlerimi sunmayı bir borç bilirim. Ayrıca, araĢtırmam boyunca gerekli uyarıları ile çalıĢmamın Ģekil almasına katkı sağlayan diğer ders hocalarıma ve sarf ettikleri emeklerine karĢı minnettar olduğumu belirtmeliyim. Bu günlere ulaĢmamda emeklerini hiçbir zaman ödeyemeceğim aileme de Ģükranlarımı sunarım. Uğur ÖZDEMĠR 11 Mayıs 2011 ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER KISALTMALAR ......................................................................................................... iii ÖZET ............................................................................................................................. iv SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. v GĠRĠġ…………. .............................................................................................................. 1 BÖLÜM 1: TERĠMLER ve TANIMLAMALAR ........................................................ 6 1.1. Bazı Terimler ............................................................................................................. 6 1.2. Yeni Çağ Dini Akımların Ortaya ÇıkıĢ Gerekçeleri .................................................. 7 1.2.1. Yeni Çağ Dini Akımların Ortaya ÇıkıĢına Sosyolojik Gerekçeler ............. 12 1.2.2. Yeni Çağ Dini Akımların Ortaya ÇıkıĢına Dâhili Gerekçeler ....................... 13 1.3. Yeni Çağ Dini Akımlar ve BaĢlıca Özellikleri ........................................................ 22 1.3.1. Tekrar DoğuĢ ................................................................................................. 23 1.3.2. Karizmatik Lider ............................................................................................ 28 1.3.3. SeçilmiĢlik ...................................................................................................... 33 1.3.4. Tek Dünya Ve Tek Din .................................................................................. 37 1.3.5. Cinsellik ......................................................................................................... 41 BÖLÜM 2: YENĠ ÇAĞ DĠNĠ AKIM TÜRLERĠ ....................................................... 50 2.1. Ezoterik ve Neo-Pagan Kökenli Akımlar ................................................................ 56 2.1.1. Rael ................................................................................................................ 59 2.1.2. Aetherius Society ........................................................................................... 63 2.1.3. Dünya KardeĢlik Birliği ................................................................................. 67 2.2. Batıda Bulunan Doğu Kökenli Akımlar ................................................................... 71 2.2.1. Transcendental Meditation ( TM ) ................................................................. 72 2.2.2. Soko Gakkai ( SG ) ....................................................................................... 76 2.3. Hristiyan Kökenli Akımlar ....................................................................................... 79 2.3.1. Opus Dei ........................................................................................................ 82 i BÖLÜM 3: YENĠ ÇAĞ DĠNĠ AKIMLARIN ORTAYA ÇIKIġININ TEOLOJĠK SEBEPLERĠ ........................................................................ 93 3.1. Peygamberlik............................................................................................................ 94 3.1.1. Hıristiyanlıkta Peygamberlik ......................................................................... 95 3.1.2. Ġslamiyet‟te Peygamberlik ............................................................................. 99 3.2. Vahiy ...................................................................................................................... 102 3.2.1. Vahyin Tanımı ............................................................................................. 102 3.2.2. Hıristiyanlıkta Vahiy ve Tarihi Arka Plan ................................................... 104 3.2.3. Ġslamiyet‟te Vahiy ........................................................................................ 121 SONUÇ VE DEĞERLENDĠRME ............................................................................. 124 KAYNAKÇA ............................................................................................................... 127 EKLER ............................................................................................................... 135 ÖZGEÇMĠġ ............................................................................................................... 150 ii KISALTMALAR BK : Brahma Kumaris C : Cilt CoG : Children of God DĠA : Diyanet Ġslam Ansiklopedisi DKB : Mevlana Dünya KardeĢlik Birliği DYA : Dios y Audacia ( Tanrı Ve AdanmıĢlık ) ed. : Editör ES-Ġng : Escort Servicing ( Eskort Kız Servisi ) FF-Ġng : Flirty Fishing ( Flörtçü Avcılık ) FLDS : Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints md : Madde / Maddesi MFUSA : Maharishi Foundation United Stades of America s. : Sayfa SG : Soko Gakkai S : Sayı TM : Transcendental Meditation Ts : Tarihsiz iii SAÜ, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tez Özeti Tezin BaĢlığı: “Yeni Çağ Dini Akımların Teolojik Açıdan Ġncelenmesi “ Tezin Yazarı: Uğur ÖZDEMĠR DanıĢman: Prof. Dr. Ramazan BĠÇER Kabul Tarihi: 20/06/2011 Sayfa Sayısı: v ( ön kısım ) + 135 ( tez ) + 15( ekler ) Anabilimdalı: Temel Ġslam Bilimleri Bilimdalı: Kelam ÇalıĢma konumuzda, günümüz insanının inanç konusunda ki arayıĢlarına çare olma iddiası ile ortaya çıkan Yeni Çağ Dini Akım ve Alternatif ĠnanıĢların bazı önemli özellikleri ele alınmıĢtır. Bu akımların teolojik olarak içinden geldikleri dinlerden hangi sebeplerle farklılaĢma yaĢadıklarını değerlendirilmiĢtir. Türkiye‟de yeni yeni örgütlenmelerini görülen Yeni Çağ Dini Akımlarını içinden geldikleri kültür, geliĢtikleri ortam ve sahiplendikleri felsefi ve teolojik özellikler ekseninde ele alınmıĢtır. ÇalıĢmada öncelikle temel terimler tespit edilerek tanımlama ve tanımlama problemi incelenmiĢtir. Tanımlama problemi ile beraber bir tasnif problemi yaĢandığı tespit edilmiĢtir. Ayrıca Yeni Çağ Dini Akımların toplumun, hem inanç hem de sosyolojik olarak en kırılgan tabakasını oluĢturduğu savı ile bu kırılganlığın sosyolojik ve teolojik sebeplere değinilmiĢtir. Bu aĢamada ele alınan akımların temel özellikleri sıralanmıĢtır. Akımları tasnif alanında iki metodun varlığı dikkatlere sunulmuĢtur. Bu tasniflerden David Barrett‟in takip ettiği „Akımları Müntesibi olduğu Kültür Havzasına „ göre değerlendirmedir. Bir diğeri ise Melton‟un takip ettiği hem kültür havzasına hem de yayıldığı alana itibar edilen
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