Imagining the Old Coast
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
IMAGINING THE OLD COAST: HISTORY, HERITAGE, AND TOURISM IN NEW ENGLAND, 1865-2012 BY JONATHAN MORIN OLLY B.A., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST, 2002 A.M., BROWN UNIVERSITY, 2008 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE DEPARTMENT OF AMERICAN STUDIES AT BROWN UNIVERSITY PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND MAY 2013 © 2013 by Jonathan Morin Olly This dissertation by Jonathan Morin Olly is accepted in its present form by the Department of American Studies as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date: _______________ ________________________________ Steven D. Lubar, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date: _______________ ________________________________ Patrick M. Malone, Reader Date: _______________ ________________________________ Elliott J. Gorn, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date: _______________ ________________________________ Peter M. Weber, Dean of the Graduate School iii CURRICULUM VITAE Jonathan Morin Olly was born in Fitchburg, Massachusetts, on April 17, 1980. He received his B.A. in History at the University of Massachusetts Amherst in 2002, and his A.M. in Public Humanities at Brown University in 2008. He has interned for the National Museum of American History, the New Bedford Whaling Museum, the Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museum, and the Penobscot Marine Museum. He has also worked in the curatorial departments of the Norman Rockwell Museum and the National Heritage Museum. While at Brown he served as a student curator at the Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology, and taught a course in the Department of American Studies on the history, culture, and environmental impact of catching and eating seafood in New England. Olly has additionally worked on public history projects in New York, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS While writing is a solitary activity, this dissertation would not exist without the support of mentors, colleagues, friends, and family over the years. To my committee of Steven Lubar, Patrick Malone, and Elliott Gorn, I feel privileged to have worked for each of them as a teaching assistant, taken their courses, and had innumerable conversations in offices, hallways, on sidewalks, and through email. They have generously given their time, read though voluminous chapters, tolerated my ever-shifting deadlines, and made timely suggestions and edits that make this document accurate, readable, and in dialogue with the relevant scholarship. It was with Steve that I narrowed my focus on coastal New England to these case studies, and it was his careful editing, public history experience, and questions that brought me back from many tangents to think about the significance of the stories I was chronicling. From Pat I benefited from his more than four decades of studying the American built environment, and museum and archaeological work. His often personal knowledge of the places and people I wrote about bolstered what I learned in my own research and site visits, and he could always be counted upon to suggest a useful book. Elliott (now in Chicago at Loyola University) provided encouragement and advice on the craft of writing history, from how to pare down mountains of archival material to identifying the themes within my chapters and their relevance to the larger story. I could not have asked for a better trio of mentors. v In the Department of American Studies I have also benefited from two fellowship years that allowed me to begin digging through archives and writing the first rough chapters, and from the encouragement and support of Ralph Rodriguez, Bob Lee, and Susan Smulyan. Ralph and Susan’s periodic check-ins, knowledge, and sympathetic ears helped to keep me on track, and it was a final paper for Bob Lee’s class in the fall of 2006 that became the core of the first chapter of this dissertation. Working for Susan as a research assistant this past semester proved informative, unexpectedly entertaining, and a welcome, temporary distraction from dissertation editing. My thanks also to department manager Jeff Cabral for his administrative assistance, and making the department an ideal location to write much of this dissertation. From Karl Jacoby in the History Department (and now at Columbia University), I received an important grounding in environmental history that especially informed my writing on Cape Cod National Seashore. My research on New England maritime public history brought me in contact with individuals, businesses, libraries, museums, archives, and universities in New York, Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. Among these, I would like to express particular gratitude to James Lindgren at SUNY Plattsburgh; Ben Fuller at the Penobscot Marine Museum; Sarah Dunlap at the Gloucester City Archives; Fred and Stephanie Buck at the Cape Ann Museum; Joanne Riley at UMass Boston; the staff of the National Archives at Boston; Debbie Despres at Yankee Publishing; James Claflin of Kenrick A. Claflin & Son; Dan Finamore and Carrie Van Horn at the Peabody Essex Museum; Kurt Erickson at WCAT; Art Donahue at Chronicle; Jeremy D’Entremont; Dolly Snow Bicknell; Jennifer Pino at Boston University’s Howard Gottlieb Archival Research Center; Sean Fisher at the DCR Archives; Kevin Smith of the vi Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology; D. K. Abbass of the Rhode Island Marine Archaeology Project; and Paul O’Pecko, Kelly Drake, and Maribeth Bielinski at Mystic Seaport’s Collections Research Center. Out on Cape Cod, Robin Smith-Johnson at the Cape Cod Times first helped me navigate the paper’s extensive library in 2006 while researching whale strandings, and again in December 2011 and January 2012 for national seashore research. The National Park Service personnel at Cape Cod National Seashore were exceedingly generous during my research trips there in 2011 and 2012, including two extended stays at Benz House overlooking Nauset Marsh in Eastham. I could not have asked for a more beautiful and productive place from which to research and write. For welcoming my project, providing access to the seashore’s archives, free use of the copier, and answers to my many questions drawn from their extensive knowledge of the seashore’s nature, history, and infrastructure, I warmly thank Marcel Mousseau, Richard Ryder, David Spang, Hope Morrill, and especially Bill Burke. Dissertation research once again brought me to the New Bedford Whaling Museum, a place I’ve admired since a year-long internship there in 2002-2003. I’ve continued to rely on the knowledgeable and kind staff, most notably Laura Pereira, Michael Lapides, Michael Dyer, and Stuart Frank. Many of my first significant lessons in exhibitions, collections management, and archival research began with them. Stuart Frank and Mary Malloy have over the past decade been important mentors, and were the first to nudge me toward graduate school and Brown in particular – where they both earned PhDs in the American Studies Department. I thank you for your encouragement all these years. vii At Brown University, the staffs at the Rockefeller and Hay libraries have accommodated my innumerable inter-library loan requests, database questions, and visits to the Hay’s reading room during every year of my graduate study. I am thankful for their reservoir of knowledge about American history and culture, special collections, and seemingly superhuman ability to provide any publication I have ever needed. As the headquarters of the Public Humanities program, the John Nicholas Brown Center has served as a second home for much of my time in Providence. Ron Potvin, Jenna Legault, and her predecessor, Chelsea Shriver, have shared their knowledge of museum exhibitions, programs, and the inner-workings of the center. That the JNBC smoothly functions as a classroom, meeting, office, and exhibition space is testament to their hard work, long hours, and expertise. Starting at Brown in the fall of 2006, I’ve been fortunate to have a supportive community of colleagues and friends not only in this department and school, but in the surrounding city, state, and region. With you I’ve shared classes, deadlines, TA assignments, exams, workshops, coffee, brunch, lunch, dinner, drinks, walks, hikes, parties, karaoke, camping, beach trips, barbeques, and yoga. I’ve benefited from your feedback, encouragement, inspiration, enthusiasm, distractions, curiosity, and humor in person and over email and phone. To try and list everyone who contributed to my personal and intellectual growth would take the length of these acknowledgments, but I would like to thank especially Michelle Carriger, Erin Curtis, Laura D’Amato, Sean Dinces, Tony Evans, Tasha Ferraro, Sara Fingal, Alissa Haddaji, Ryan Hartigan, Anna Hartley, Kathryn Higgins, Logan Johnsen, Amy Johnson, Jessica Johnson, Andrew Losowsky, Lyra Monteiro, Sarah Moran, Cat Munroe, Stephanie Robb, Gosia Rymsza- viii Pawlowska, Hayato Sakurai, Robyn Schroeder, Sarah Seidman, Kara Vautour, Aleysia Whitmore, Nora Wilcox, and Miel Wilson. Many of you have since left the area, but all of you have helped make Providence, in ways small and large, feel like a home. My longest and most dedicated supporters in this endeavor, and all that have come before, are my family. To my father Allan Olly and mother Elaine Morin-Olly, that I have made it this far is entirely the result of your love, guidance, and encouragement for what is decidedly not a career path to fame or fortune. From my father’s knowledge of history and my mother’s passion for collecting came my early interest in material culture and awareness of the past in daily life. Both have worked extremely hard to equip their three children for success. I admire my siblings Allison and Tristan for their hard work and willingness to take risks in each of their pursuits, and I am grateful for your love and interest. I have additionally benefited from the support of cousins, aunts and uncles, great aunts and uncles, and grandparents. You have all influenced my life and inspired me. I stand on your shoulders.