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Song of Ascents

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Song of Ascents Rabbi Jay & Ilana Rabbi Dr. Benny Lau Rabbi Adam Mintz Kelman The Narrative of Sefer Tehillim According to the Contextual Interpretation Online syllabus of 30 lectures Lecture #25 113-118 • Song of Ascents (Mizmorim 120-134) – Structure, 119 Messages & Story • Their location between 119 and before 135-136 120-134 • Comparison Song of Ascent Priestly Blessing • Intertextuality with Ezra & Nechemia 135-136 www.tehillim.org.il The Book of Psalms Beni Gesundheit Interpretation & [email protected] Teachings Ariye Bar Tov, Susan Suna, Audrey Samuels הלל של הלל הלל פסוקי קיבוץ גלויות Hallel of the המצרי הגדול דזמרא Pesukei Great Egyptian Ingathered Dezimra Hallel Hallel Exiles L26 L25 L24 L23 L22 L21 תורה וציון )מזמור א'-ב'( 104-107 108-110 111-118 119-134 135-136 137-145 145-150 Contents Praise and Return to Jerusalem: Praise and Building in Jerusalem: Praise and The Blessing from Praise Thanksgiving Ingathering of the Thanksgiving Praise of the Torah, Thanksgiving Jerusalem: Punishment of Exiles and Going up to the Babylonia and a Call to the Restoration of the Temple and to the City Diaspora for Tikun Olam Davidic Kingdom of David Led by David Said by: Rescued from Returnees to Builders of Israel and the Exile Zion the Land the World תורת ה' )קי"ט( "הלל הגדול" )קל"ה-קל"ו( מהגלות לירושלים ק"כ קכ"א קכ"ב )ד-ה( םשֶׁשָּׁ עָּׁלּו קכ"ג קכ"ד )א( ִשיַּר הַּמֲעלֹות ְׁשָּׁבִטים ִשְׁב טֵ י יָּׁ ּה עֵדּות )א( ִשירַּ הַּמֲעְׁלֹות לָּׁדִו ד ֶׁאל ה' ַּבָּׁצָּׁרָּׁתהִלי ְׁלִי ְׁ ש ָּׁרֵאל תלְׁהֹדֹו לְׁשֵ ם ה': לּולֵי ה' שֶׁהָּׁ יָּׁה לָּׁנּו ָּׁקָּׁרִאתי ַּוַּיֲעֵנִני כִ י שָּׁמָּׁ ה ָּׁי ְׁ שבּו ִכְׁסאֹות יַֹּאמרָּׁ נאִ יְׁשָּׁרֵאל ְׁלִמְׁשָּׁפט ִכ ְׁ סאֹות ְׁלֵבית דָּׁוִ יד: ] = עבר[ ארץ ישראל נערכת לקיבוץ גלויות קכ"ה קכ"ו קכ"ז קכ"ח קכ"ט לשלמה )א( ִשיַּר הַּמֲעלֹות ] = הווה[ ַּרַּבת ְׁצָּׁרִרּוניִ מְׁנעּוַּרי יַֹּאמרָּׁ נאִ יְׁשָּׁרֵאל שירי המעלות )ק"כ-קל"ד( = 51 שם ה' ק"כ-קכ"ו = 24 קכ"ז = 3 קכ"ח-קל"ד = 24 התפתחות דתית-חברתית במקדש ה' בציון ק"ל קל"א קל"ב )יא-יב( ִנְׁשַּבע ה' קל"ג קל"ד )א( ִשיַּר הַּמֲעלֹות לְׁדָּׁוִ ד אֱמֶׁ ת לֹא יָּׁשּוב ִמֶׁמָּׁנה ִמַּמֲעַּמִקים ְׁקָּׁרִאתיָך ה' ִמְׁפ ִ רי ִבְׁטְׁנָך ָּׁאִשית לְׁכִסֵ א לָּׁ ְך: ִאםִ יְׁשְׁמרּו בָּׁנֶׁיָך ְׁבִרִיתי זֹוְׁוֵעֹדִתי ֲאַּלְׁמֵד ם גַּ ם בְׁ נֵיהֶׁ ם עֲדֵ י עַּד ֵיְׁשבּו לְׁכִסֵ א לְָּׁך: ] = עתיד[ מהגלות לירושלים ק"כ קכ"א קכ"ב קכ"ג קכ"ד ארץ ישראל נערכת לקיבוץ גלויות קכ"ה קכ"ו קכ"ז לשלמה קכ"ח קכ"ט התפתחות דתית-חברתית במקדש ה' בציון ק"ל קל"א קל"ב קל"ג קל"ד ברכת כוהנים – רקע ספרותי של "שירי המעלות" במדבר ו', כד-כו מספ ר מספ ר מילים אותיות ְׁיָּׁבֶׁרְׁכָך ה' ְׁוִיְׁשְׁמֶׁרָך 3 15 ָּׁיֵאר ה' פָּׁנָּׁיו ֵאֶׁליָך וִיחֻנֶׁךָּׁ 5 20 יִשָּׁ א ה' פָּׁנָּׁיו ֵאֶׁליָך וְׁ יָּׁשֵ ם לְָׁך שָּׁ לֹום 7 25 ק"כ: עִ םׂשֹונֵא שָּׁ לֹום: אֲנִ י שָּׁ לֹום... קכ"ח: ְׁיֹבַּרְך גָ בֶר... ְׁיָּׁבֶׁרְׁכָך ה'... שָּׁ לֹום ע לִ יְׂׂשָרֵאל קכ"א: ֶׁאָּׁשא עֵינ י... אלָ ינּום ֹשְׁמֶׁרָך... שֹומֵ ר ִיְׂׂשָרֵאל... קכ"ט: ִבְׁרַּכת ה' אֲלֵיכֶ ם ֵבַּרְׁכנּו ֶאְׂתֶכ ם בְׁשֵ ם ה' ה' ֹשְׁמֶׁרָך...ה' ִי ְׁ ש ָּׁמְׁרָך... ִיְׁשֹמר...ה' ִיְׁשָּׁמר ֵצ ְׂ אתָך ּובֹוֶא ָך ק"ל: לְׂקֹול ַּתֲחנָּּׁוני... ִאםֲ עֹונֹות ִתְׁשָּׁמר יָ -ּה... נְׂפִש י קכ"ב: ש אֲ לּו ְׁשלֹום יְׂרּושָ לָ ִם... ְׂיִהי שָּׁ לֹום בְׂחֵ ילְֵך... לא-דֹנָ י ִמֹשְׁמִרים לֹבֶקר ֹשְׁמִרים לבֹ ֶקר לְׂמ ען א ח ְׂי וֵרָע י אֲד בְׂ ָרה נָ א שָּׁ לֹום בָ ְך קל"ב: ִמְׁשָּׁכנֹות לאֲבִ יר יעֲקֹב... ְׁלִמְׁשְׁכָּׁנֹותיו... אָתה קכ"ג: ֵאֶׁליָךָּׁ נָּׁשִאתי ֶאתֵע יני... עד ֶׁש ְׁי ָּׁח ֵננּו: חָּׁ נֵנּו ה' וַּאֲ רֹון עֻזֶ ָך... כֹהֲנֶׁיָך יִלְׂבְׂ שּו צֶדֶ ק... ִאם ִיְׁשְׁמרּו בָנֶיָך חָּׁ נֵנּו כִ י רב ׂשָ בעְׂ נּו בּוז ְׂבִרִיתי... צֵ ידָ ּה בָּׁ ֵרְךֲ אָּׁבֵרְך... וְׁ כֹהֲנֶׁיהָּׁ קכ"ד: בָּׁרּוְך ה' ... קל"ג: ֶאת ַּהְׁבָּׁרָּׁכה ח ִי ים ע ד הָ עֹולָם קכ"ה: ְׂירָּוש לִםָ הִריםָסִביב לָ ּה וַּ ה' סָּׁבִ יבלְׁעַּמֹו מֵ ע תָ ה קל"ד: ִהֵנ ה בָּׁרֲ כּו ֶאת ה' כָל ע בְׂדֵ י ה' ָּׁהֹע ְׁ מ ִדים ְׁבֵב ית וְׂע ד עֹולָם... שָּׁ לֹום ע לִ יְׂׂשָרֵאל ה' בַּלֵילֹות: ְׁשאּו יְׁדֵ כֶׁם קֹדֶׁ ש ּובָּׁרֲ כּו ֶאת ה': ְׁיָּׁבֶׁרְׁכָך ה' קכ"ז: ִאם ה' לֹא ִיְׁשָּׁמר עִ יר שָוְׂ אָשק ד שֹומֵ ר ִמִצֹיֹון עֵׂשהָש מִים ָואָ ֶרץ: Liebreich, LJ, 'The Songs of Ascents and the Priestly Blessing', JBL, 1955: 33-36 בני גזונדהייט "דיוקי תורה" במדבר, פרשת נשוא. Intertextuality שירי המעלות – מבנה ומשמעות כותרת משותפת "שִ יר הַּמַּ עֲלֹות" שירים קצרים )ממוצע = 6.7 פסוקים, קל"ב ארוך( נושאים משותפים – עלייה • ט"ו מעלות במקדש )רד"ק( שירים במקדש )משנה סוכה פ"ה מ"ד, מידות פ"ב מ"ה, יוסף בן מתתיהו ???( • שיבת ציון )רד"ק( נחמיה י"ב,לז: וְׁ םנֶׁגְׁדָּׁ עָּׁלּו עַּ ל מַּ עֲלֹות עִ יר דָּׁוִ יד בַּמַּ עֲלֶׁה לַּחֹומָּׁה מֵ עַּל לְׁבֵית דָּׁוִ יד • עלייה לרגל מדרש תהלים מזמור ק"כ: "שיר המעלות אל ה' בצרתה לי... • מעמדות )משנה תענית פ"ד מ"ב( כשישראל עולים - אינם עולין מעלה אחת, אלא למעלות הרבה הן עולין, וכה"א "אתה תעלה מעלה מעלה" )דברים כ"ח, מג( ... • עליית אומות העולם )ישעיה ב'( וכשעלו - מעלות מעלות הם עולים, לכך נאמר "שיר המעלות". • התעלות רוחנית )רש"ר הירש( דברים כ"ח, מג: הַּגֵראֲשֶׁ רבְׁקִרְׁ בְׁ ָך יַּעֲלֶׁהעָּׁלֶׁיָך מַּעְׁ לָּׁה מָּׁעְׁ לָּׁה וְׁאַּתָּׁה תֵרֵ דמַּטָּׁ המָּׁטָּׁ ה: BIBLIO-THERAPY • הוראה מוסיקלית )רס"ג( • שדרוג ספרותי על ידי שרשורים לשוניים )anadiplosis( )עמוס חכם( סמיכות ורצף של המזמורים = סיפר )narrative( של כל היחידה Intertextuality שיב"ת ציו"ן בבא בתרא י"ד ע"ב שיר השירים רבה פרשה ד )קהלת רבה פרשה ז'( דוד כתב ספר תהלים ע"י עשרה זקנים: עשרה בני אדם אמרו ספר תהלים: • ע"י אדם הראשון, • אדם הראשון, • על ידי מלכי צדק, • ואברהם, • ועל ידי אברהם, • משה, • וע"י משה, • ודוד, • ועל ידי הימן, • ושלמה • וע"י ידותון, על אילין חמשה לא איתפלגון, אילין חמשה • ועל ידי אסף, אחרנייתא מאן אינון? רב ורבי יוחנן: • ועל ידי שלשה בני קרח רב אמר: ר' יוחנן אמר: אסף אסף והימן והימן וידותון וידותון אחד, ישעיה מ'-ס"ו – שיבת ציון )ראב"ע( ושלשה בני קרח ושלשה בני קרח אחד, שיבת ציון - עזרא ונחמיה, חגי, זכריה ועזרא ועזרא. עזרא ג', י: וְׁיִסְׁ דּו הַּ בֹנִים תאֶׁ הֵ יכַּל ה' וַּיַּעֲמִידּו ַּה ֹכ ֲה ִנים ְׁמ ֻל ָּׁב ִשים ַּב ֲח ֹצ ְׁצרֹות ְׁו ַּה ְׁל ִו ִים ְׁב ֵני ָּׁא ָּׁסף Post-Exilic Renaissance in Zion בַּמְׁצִ לְׁתַּ יִם לְׁהַּ לֵל אֶׁ ת ה' עַּל יְׁדֵי דָּׁוִ יד מֶׁ לְֶׁך יִשְׁרָּׁאֵ ל: According to King David Shir haShirim Raba Chap 4 (Ecclesiastes Raba Chap 7) Baba Batra 14b 10 people said the Book of Tehillim: David wrote Sefer Tehillim: • Adam • By Adam • • And Abraham By Melchizedek • And by Abraham • Moshe • And by Moshe • And David • And by Heyman • And Shlomo • And by Yeduthun There is no controversy regarding these 5, but • And by Asaf Rav and Rabbi Yochanan count the remaining 5 • And by the three sons of Korach differently. Rabbi Yochanan says: Rav Says: Asaf Asaf And Heyman And Heyman And Yeduthun And Yeduthun all count as one The 3 sons of Korach Yeshayahu 40-66 - Return to Zion (Ibn Ezra) The 3 sons of Korach Return to Zion – Ezra and Nehemia, Hagai, Zchariya) and Ezra and Ezra Ezra 3, 10: And when the builders laid the foundation of the Temple of the Lord, they set the priests in their Post-Exilic Renaissance in Zion apparel with trumpets and Levites the sons of Asaf with cymbals to praise the Lord according to the According to King David direction of David King of Israel Mizmor 120 1 A song of ascents. Introduction: In my distress I called to the Faith in God Lord, and He answered me. 2 Lord, save my soul from lying lips, from a deceitful tongue. 3 What gain will it give you, and Prayer for salvation, what will it avail, you deceitful turning to tongue? the wicked 4 Sharp arrows of a warrior with burning coals of the broom bush. 5 Woe is to me that I sojourn in Meshech; that I dwell among the tents of Kedar. 6 For a long time, my soul has The troubles of the poet and a dwelt with those who hate peace. prayer for peace 7 I am all peace, but when I speak, they are for war. Intertextuality יונה ב', ג: ַויֶֹּאמר ָקָרִאתי ִמָצָרה ִלי אֶ ל ה' וַיַעֲנֵנִ י תהלים ק"כ, א: ִשיר ַהַמֲעלֹות ִמֶבֶטן ְׁשאֹול ִשַוְׁעִתי ָשַמְׁעָת ִקֹולי: אֶ ל ה' ַבָצָרָתה ִלי ָקָרִאתי וַיַעֲנֵנִ י: בראשית ל"ז, יג: ַו יֹּ ֶאמר ִי ְׁ ש ָרֵאל אֶ ל יֵֹוסף שמות ג', י: ְׁוַעָת ה ְׁלָכה ְׁוֶא ְׁ שלָחֲ ָך הֲ לֹוא אַחֶ יָך ֹּרִעים ִב ְׁ שכֶם אֶ ל פַ ְׁרֹּעה וְׁהֹוצֵ א אֶ ת ַע ִ מי ְׁבֵני ְׁלָכה ְׁוֶא ְׁ שלָחֲ ָך ֲאֵלֶיהם ַו יֹּ ֶאמר לֹו ִהֵנ נִ י: ִי ְׁ ש ָרֵאל ִמ ִ מ ְׁצָרִים: Benno Jacob בני גזונדהייט "עיונים בספר יונה" בתוך אמנון בזק )עורך( "וביום צום כיפור ייחתמון", הוצאת תבונות, תשס"ה, עמוד 151-197. הלל המצרי שבח התורה שיר המעלות קי"ג-קי"ח )קי"ט( ק"כ-קל"ד Shirei Hamaalot Praise of the 120-134 Torah 119 Egyptian Hallel 113-118 Mizmor 126 1 A song of ascents. When the Lord brought back the returnees to Zion, we are like dreamers. 2 Then our mouths are filled with laughter and Return to Zion – our tongues with songs; then the nations will say, God’s miracle in the eyes of the "The Lord has done great things for them." nations 3 "The Lord has done great things for us; we are happy." 4 Return, Lord, our captives like riverbeds in the Negev.
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