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Les Armes Du Haut Moyen-Age

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Les Armes Du Haut Moyen-Age LES ARMES DU HAUT MOYEN-AGE Gourgandine : lance ou javelot franc au fer en forme d'un harpon. Cataphracte : (terme grec) cuirasse à écailles employée par la cavalerie lourde gothique puis byzantine. Celui qui la porte est un cataphractaire. Contus : (terme latin d'origine grecque) longue lance de cavalier, maniée à deux mains. Contus Scramasax ou Sax : arme blanche semi-longue à un seul tranchant. Dague : arme blanche courte à double ou simple tranchant. Épée : arme blanche à double ou simple tranchant, sans doute d'origine celtique et copiée par les Romains et par les Germains. L'épée franque (carolingienne) est la plus renommée jusqu’à ce que les Vikings la copient et la surpassent. o Durant cette période, l'épée est dite longue lorsqu'elle mesure de 80 cm à 1 m. Elle est héritée de la spatha romaine du bas-Empire. Francisque : nom traditionnel de la hache de jet des Germains occidentaux, que popularisèrent les Francs. Glaive : (du latin gladius) épée courte ; arme blanche semi-longue à double tranchant. Javeline : arme de jet légère, semblable à une lance ou à un javelot raccourci Francisque Javelot : lance de jet légère Lance : terme générique désignant une arme offensive dotée d'un fer emmanché sur une hampe. Elle est popularisée par la cavalerie gothique. Latte (arme) : sabre droit. Rondache : bouclier de forme circulaire et généralement de taille moyenne. Rondache Sabre : arme blanche longue à un seul tranchant, populaire chez les peuples de la steppe. Le sabre peut être droit (latte, proto-sabre) ou courbe. Au cours du haut Moyen Âge, sa forme a tendance à se courber. Semispatha : nom latin de l'épée courte. Spangenhelm : terme historiographique allemand désignant le casque composite segmenté populaire chez les Germains orientaux. Spatha : nom latin de l'épée longue, utilisé pour désigner l'épée longue romaine tardive, l'épée des grandes invasions et l'épée mérovingienne. LES ARMES DU BAS MOYEN-AGE Baliste (ou pierrière) Baliste Bardiche : arme originaire d'Europe de l'Est, composée d'un manche en bois pouvant être long de 2 m et d'un fer en forme de hache allongée. Brigandine : « veste » dans laquelle sont rivetés des plaques d'acier afin d'améliorer la flexibilité de l'ensemble sans perdre de résistance à l'impact. Camail : mnémotechnique : "cagoule de maille" se portant sous un grand heaume ou une cerveliere, pouvant également protéger la mâchoire d'un coup de coupe Claymore : Grande épée à garde tronquée, elle est représentative des peuplades des Lowlands et des Highlands d'Écosse. Épée : outil de combat se déclinant sous diverses versions, ex: épée une main, une main et demi, deux mains. composée de plusieurs parties fondamentales : Lame, Garde, Fusée (poignée), Pommeau. la lame est composée elle-même de plusieurs parties : les tranchants (qui peuvent se décliner en vrai et faux tranchant), le diamantage, la gouttière, le Fort, le Moyen et le Faible. Espadon Grande épée maniée à deux mains. Fauchard : arme d'hast inspirée de la faux qu'utilisaient les paysans en temps de guerre. Elle apparaît au début du XIIIe siècle. Fauchon Fauchon Flamberge : ou lame Flamboyée. Grande épée à la lame ondulée, permettant d'accentuer l'étendue des dégâts lors de la coupe, mais également au potentiel augmenté pour l'impact sur armure. Fléau d'armes : arme contondante, pouvant être adjointe de piques (morning star). le fléau, à la différence de la Masse d'Arme, se compose d'une chaine servant, entre autres, à passer par dessus les boucliers pour briser le bras. Gambison : chemise épaisse remplie de rembourrage ayant plusieurs fonctions : la protection légère, l'absorption des chocs lors du port d'une armure. il se décline sous diverses versions en fonction de l'époque. Guisarme Guisarme Heaume : casque emblématique du chevalier destiné à protéger la tête. Miséricorde : dague effilée essentiellement destinée à porter le coup de grâce à un homme à terre. Pavois : bouclier massif utilisé par les arbalétriers Pertuisane : arme dérivée de la lance, utilisée en Italie au XVe siècle. Pique : longue lance de fantassin (env. 6 m), utilisée pour briser la charge des cavaliers. Salade Salade Tabar : mnémotechnique : « Tablier de l'Arnois ». Se porte par dessus la cotte de maille, souvent porteur des couleurs du chevalier. en tissu. Targe Targe Vouge : arme composée d'un soc de charrue affuté et montée au bout d'un manche, utilisée par l'infanterie (les « vougiers ») pour couper les jarrets des chevaux, du XIVe au XVIe siècle. Présenté par BARROUX Antoine et JOUCLARD Paul QUIZZ : 1) Quelle est selon vous l’arme la plus utilisé ? 2) Quelle est l’arme la plus vieille ? 3) Quelle arme la plus récente ? 4) Quelle est l’arme la plus efficace ? 5) Qu’est-ce qu’une salade ? 1) l’épée 2) spatha 3) gourgandine 4) la baliste 5) une salade est un casque .
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