DOCSLIB.ORG

Minorities and Civil Society in the Baltic Region

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Minorities and Civil Society in the Baltic Region Minorities and Civil Society in the Baltic Region VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND DIPLOMACY DEPARTMENT OF REGIONAL STUDIES Minorities and Civil Society in the Baltic Region STUDY GUIDE A Resource Book for Students Tomasz Błaszczak, Giedrius Janauskas, Linas Venclauskas Kaunas 2013 Reviewed by Assoc. Prof. Rytis Bulota and Assoc. Prof. Rūstis Kamuntavičius. Approved by the Department of Regional Studies of the Faculty of Political Science and Diplomacy at Vytautas Magnus University on the 30th of October 2013 (Protocol No. 6) Recommended for printing by the Council of the Faculty o of Political Science and Diplomacy of Vytautas Magnus University on the 13th of November 2013 (Protocol No. 63) Publication of the study guide is supported by the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Government of the Republic of Lithuania. Project title: “Preparation and implementation of the joint degree international master programme in ‘Sociolinguistics and Multilingualism’” (project No. VP1-2.2-ŠMM-07-K-02-091) E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] ISBN 978-9955-12-991-2 (Print) © Giedrius Janauskas, Linas Venckauskas, Tomasz Blaszczak, 2013 ISBN 978-609-467-043-5 (Online) © Vytautas Magnus University, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS: INTRODUCTION ...................................................... 7 Chapter 1 Towards Civil Society in the Baltic Region. .9 Chapter 2 Baltic Region and Minorities: Theoretical Guidelines ...........................12 Chapter 3 The Baltic Region and Neighboring Russia and Belarus ........................ 22 Chapter 4 Formation of Modern Identity and Civil Society, 19th–Beginning of the 20Th Century. 32 Chapter 5 Formation of Modern Identity During the Inter-War Period ....................40 Chapter 6 Formation of Modern Identity and Civil Society in The Nazi And Soviet Epoch ...50 Chapter 7 The National Policy of Poland Towards Minorities ............................59 Chapter 8 National Policy of Baltic States Towards Minorities ............................68 Chapter 9 Politics of Finland and Sweden Towards Minorities ............................ 75 Chapter 10 Constructing The Baltic Sea Region: Minorities, Multiculturalism and Integration ..80 Chapter 11 The Russian National Minority In The Baltic States ...........................85 Chapter 12 The Participation Of Minorities In Political Processes In The Baltic Region ....... 91 DICTIONARY .........................................................95 LITERATURE .........................................................100 INTRODUCTION Why this course? The aim of the course is to present the role of the state in dealing with the problems of various minorities and in creating civil society in the Baltic region; to analyze eth- nicity and reasons for ethnic discrimination in modern society; and to give sufficient competence to explain the development of ethnic compositions in the Baltic region. The Baltic Region in this class is defined as the Baltic Sea Region and its relation to the neighboring countries. Eric P. Kaufmann, focusing on dominant ethnicity, repre- sents the State’s transformations and participation in the formational process of civil society. His analysis is based on liberal globalisation and multiculturalism that “have compelled nations to transform their identities from an ethnic to a civic mode. This has led, in many cases, to dominant ethnic decline, but also to its peripheral revival in the form of Far Right politics. At the same time, the growth of mass democracy and the decline of post-colonial and Cold War state unity in the developing world have opened the floodgates to assertions of ethnic dominance”. The post-Cold War period opens the way for new directions and changes in the Baltic Sea region. This course, in the intercultural context of history and the social sciences, seeks to discuss questions such as these: •• How can we analyze the situation of ethnic minorities in the Baltic region? •• Does the definition and explanation of the traditional features of historical minorities and their existence in the modern State give us the instrumenta- tion to start a research project? •• How can we define the State’s participation in constructing civil society and analyzing the issues of minorities? How do we analyze, discuss, and research the Baltic Region? •• How can we evaluate the complexity of political and cultural transforma- tions of societies in the Baltic Region? •• How can we interpret political processes in the Baltic Region? In this class we will explore national, ethnic and religious minorities around the Baltic Sea and their participation in the formation of civil societies. Also, atten- tion will be oriented towards the State’s participation in the creation of civil soci- ety and its minority policy. What will you learn? At the end of the course you will be able to: •• interpret political processes in the Baltic Region; 7 •• evaluate the complexity of political and cultural transformations of societ- ies in the Baltic Region; •• analyze the situation of ethnic minorities in the Baltic region; •• recognize and approach the State’s participation in constructing civil soci- ety and analyzing the issues of minorities; •• define and explain the traditional features of historical minorities and their existence in the modern State; •• present and discuss your research orally and in writing. Reading materials Main reading materials: 1. Timofey Agarin, A cat’s lick, Democratisation and minority communities in the post- Soviet Baltic, Rodopi, 2010. 2. International obligations and National debates: Minorities around the Baltic Sea, S. Spiliopoulou Akermark (eds.), Åland Islands Peace Institute, 2006. 3. Rethinking Ethnicity: Majority groups and dominant minorities, edited by Eric P. Kaufmann, Taylor & Francis, 2005. 4. The Protection of Minorities in the Wider Europe, edited by Marc Weller, Denika Blacklock and Katherine Nobbs, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. 5. Minority rights in Central and Eastern Europe, edited by Bernd Rechel, Routledge, 2009. 6. Michael Edwards, Civil society, Cambridge: Polity Press, 2004. Secondary reading materials: 1. Russian Minorities in the Baltic States/ Ethnicity, edited by V. Volkov, Daugavpils, 2010. 2. Nation-building, ethnicity and language politics in transition countries, edited by Fariman Daftary and François Grin, LGI books, Budapest: Local Government and Public Service Initiative, Open Society Institute, 2003. 3. Bo Bengtsson, Per Strömblad and Ann-Helén Bay (Author, Editor), Diversity, Inclu- sion and Citizenship in Scandinavia, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2010. Course requirements: This subject is designed as a reading, writing, discussion, and lecture course. To do well, a student must study the readings carefully and consistently, work on writing assignments and participate actively in class discussion. 8 CHAPTER 1 TOWARDS CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE BALTIC REGION Aim of the lecture: The aim of the lecture is to define, analyze and discuss the role of the civil society in the Baltic Sea Region underlining the most important periods of historical development. Lecture description: This lecture will examine the state of “civil society” in the Baltic Sea Region. It will look at the mix of arrangements different societies and cultures use to ad- dress common concerns which are related to theory and practice, values/virtues and their implementation. It will also consider whether or not “civil society” is a universal feature of social life – and always a desirable one, and how new “social media” may – or may not – be assisting it. Not less importantly, by scrutinizing the experience of other countries and cul- tures, the lecture aims to give students a greater understanding of the nature of – and possibilities for – “civil society” in the Baltic Sea Region. Firstly, we should agree that the ‘region’ is the most fundamental concept in any at- tempt at regional analysis. Secondly, “once it has been noticed that regions are social, economic, and cultural entities, rather than simply political ones, the use of statistical data, which usually are reported on a provincial basis, will not represent either the extent of regional divisions or their effect on other aspects of social life”1. Thirdly, since 1990, the construction of the Baltic Sea region has been strongly interconnected with the political category of regionalisation. Today this dimension is seen as the best field of cooperation in the process of the regionalisation of the Baltic Sea region. The definitions of the Baltic Sea Region are seen as the best ones in co-operative projects. I have in mind the Helsinki Commission’s (HELCOM) definition – the Baltic Sea including all sub-basins with their drainage basins; and the Council of the Baltic Sea States definition – 9 coastal states + all Nordic states including Norway and Iceland. Regional development here is seen as a spatial process not focusing on resource use, but more on the net of social contacts aspect. We may agree that “those territories become by definition “regions” which are only slightly separated in economic, social, and political respects, in their ethnic composi- tion, as well as in their system of values and standards, while being radically differ- ent from other territories on the border”2. Defining ‘region’ as it is seen by Gert von 1 Gert von Pistohlkors, „Regionalism as a Concept of Baltic Historiography – Some Introductory Remarks“, Journal of Baltic Studies, Vol. XVIII, N. 2, Summer 1987, p. 126. 2 Ibid. 9 Pistohlkors,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download Download
    ESUKA – JEFUL 2014, 5–1: 27–36 LIVONIAN LANDSCAPES IN THE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF LIVONIA AND THE DIVISION OF THE LIVONIAN TRIBES Urmas Sutrop Institute of the Estonian Language, Tallinn, and the University of Tartu Abstract. There is no exact consensus on the division and sub-division of the former Livonian territories at the end of the ancient independence period in the 12th century. Even the question of the Coastal Livonians in Courland – were they an indigenous Livonian tribe or a replaced eastern Livonian tribe – remains unsolved. In this paper the anonymously published treatise on the historical geography of Livonia by Johann Christoph Schwartz (1792) will be analysed and compared with the historical modern views. There is an agreement on the division of the Eastern Livonian territories into four counties: Daugava, Gauja, Metsepole, and Idumea. Idumea had a mixed Livo- nian-Baltic population. There is no consensus on the parochial sub-division of these counties. Keywords: Johann Christoph Schwartz, historical geography, Livonian tribes, Livonians DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2014.5.1.02 1. Introduction It is commonly believed that Livonians (like Estonians) did not form either territorial or political unity at the end of the ancient independence period in the 12th century (see e.g. Koski 1997: 45). The first longer document where Livonians are described is the Livonian Chronicle (Heinrici Cronicon Lyvoniae) for the period 1180 to 1227 written by Henry of Livonia, an eyewitness of these events. Modern ideas on the division of Eastern Livonian peoples and territories go back to the cartographic work of Heinrich Laakmann, who divided Livonians into three territories – Daugava, Thoreida, and Metsepole; and added that there was a mixed Livonian-Baltic population at the end of the 12th century in Idumea (see the map Baltic Lands: population about 1200 AD and explanation to this map in Laakmann 1954).
    [Show full text]
  • Personal Names and Denomination of Livonians in Early Written Sources
    ESUKA – JEFUL 2014, 5–1: 13–26 PERSONAL NAMES AND DENOMINATION OF LIVONIANS IN EARLY WRITTEN SOURCES Enn Ernits Estonian University of Life Sciences Abstract. This paper presents the timeline of ethnonyms denoting Livonians; specifies their chronology; and analyses the names used for this ethnos and possible personal names. If we consider the dating of the event, the earliest sources mentioning Livonians are Gesta Danorum and the Tale of Bygone Years (both 10th century), but both sources present rather dubious information: in the first the battle of Bråvalla itself or the date are dubious (6th, 8th or 10th century); in the latter we cannot be sure that the member of the Rus delegation was really a Livonian. If we consider the time of recording, the earliest sources are two rune inscriptions from Sweden (11th century), and the next is the list of neighbouring peoples of the Russians from the Tale of Bygone Years (12th century). The personal names Bicco and Ger referred in Gesta Danorum, and Либи Аръфастовъ in Tale of Bygone Years are very problematic. The first certain personal name of a Livonian is *Mustakka, *Mustukka or *Mustoikka (from Finnic *musta ‘black’) written in 1040–1050s on a strip of birch bark in Novgorod. Keywords: Livs, Finnic peoples, ethnonyms, anthroponyms, onomastics DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2014.5.1.01 1. Introduction This paper (1) seeks to present the timeline of ethnonyms denoting Livonians; (2) to specify their chronology; (3) and to analyse the names used for this ethnos and possible personal names. It is supple- mental to the paper by Mauno Koski on words denoting Livonians (Koski 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Wooden Construction Route
    European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development: Europe Investing in rural areas. WOODEN CONSTRUCTION ROUTE The project is co-financed from the funds of the European Union Scheme III of the Technical Assistance for the Rural Development Programme for the years 2007–2013. The Rural Development Programme managing institution for the years 2007–2013: Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development. Publication prepared to the order of the Opolskie Voivodeship. WOODEN CONSTRUCTION ROUTE ooden monuments are a great tourist attraction of the Opole Province. This guide includes information W on selected objects located mostly in the north-east- ern part of the Opole region. The route of wooden sacral architecture is 80 kilometres long and allows you to visit 12 towns. It leads through the beautiful land of Opole Silesia, from Opole to Olesno. On your way you will have a chance to see wooden churches in Czarnowąsy, Dobrzeń Wielki, Kolanowice, Laskowice, Bierdzany, Lasowice Wielkie, Lasowice Małe, Chocianowice, Stare Olesno and Wędrynia. This route is adapted both to cycling tourism and travelling by car or coach. Only in several places, cyclists can use shortcuts. However, old wooden churches located on the route are only a fraction of what Opole Silesia has to offer. The total number of wooden historical churches in the region amounts nearly to 70. There are present practically in all counties, but most of them are located within the region of Kluczborsk and Oleskie counties. They are a great tourist attraction of the region. Wooden churches en- chant with their appearance, artistry of furnishing and history. Until the 18th century, the number of wooden churches in Opole Silesia was constantly growing.
    [Show full text]
  • Damian Kocot, Monika Jaworska the USE of EU FUNDS FOR
    Damian Kocot, Monika Jaworska ÓÄÊ 339.923:061.1 JEL Classification: F21 Damian Kocot, Monika Jaworska THE USE OF EU FUNDS FOR INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF WO²CZYN FROM 2009–2013 Social Academy of Sciences in Lodz, Poland The article analyses the use of EU funds for investment in the municipality of Wo³czyn. Taken was an attempt to discuss the concepts associated with the European Union, explained have been the most important terms related to the subject of the European Union. Explains the concept of investment. Discussed was the Division of investments and their importance. Attention also sources of investment financing community. Next, the pharmacokinetics of the municipality of Wo³czyn, as well as projects implemented by the municipality, thanks to EU financial support. Includes the use of EU funds by the municipality in the period 2009–2013. Keywords: EU funds, investments, the European Union, local government. The introduction raising the level of attractiveness of of the Polish accession to the European Union there municipality. are new possibilities for financing investments by The main part of research local and regional authorities. With the ability to use In connection with the entry of Polish accession EU funds, is the disproportion what occurs between to the European Union in the year 2004 there are Poland and the countries of the more developed new forms of financing, which may use regional and Member States of the European Union. Due to the local authorities. Thanks to the new economy has a fact that municipalities are one of the main bodies chance to thrive and the effects of this development pursuing development policies, are one of the leading are much more visible.
    [Show full text]
  • Slavic Idea in Political Thought of Underground Poland During World War II Idea Słowiańska W Myśli Politycznej Polski Podziemnej W Czasie II Wojny Światowej
    1S[FHMŕE/BSPEPXPžDJPXZ3FWJFXPG/BUJPOBMJUJFTtOS /t World of Slavs / Świat Słowian *44/9 QSJOU t*44/ POMJOF t%0*QO Dariusz Miszewski* War Studies University, Poland / Akademia Sztuki Wojennej, Polska Slavic idea in political thought of underground Poland during World War II Idea słowiańska w myśli politycznej Polski podziemnej w czasie II wojny światowej Keywords: the Slavic idea, the Slavic nations, the Słowa kluczowe: idea słowiańska, narody sło- Polish-Soviet relations wiańskie, stosunki polsko-radzieckie During the Second World War, the Polish W czasie II wojny światowej polski rząd government put forward a plan for a new wysunął plan nowego ładu polityczne- political order in Central Europe. Its in- go w Europie Środkowej. Jej integracja tegration was to be based on the Polish- miała opierać się na federacji polsko-cze- Czechoslovak federation. Apart from the chosłowackiej. Oprócz idei federacyjnej federal idea among the groups in the oc- wśród ugrupowań w okupowanym kra- cupied country as well as in the emigra- ju, jak i na emigracji, szerzyły się idee im- tion, imperial and Slavic ideas spread as perialna i słowiańska jako ideologiczne ideological foundations of Central Euro- podstawy porządku środkowoeuropej- pean order. e Slavic idea was universal skiego. Idea słowiańska była na tyle uni- enough to exist spontaneously and as part wersalna, że występowała samoistnie oraz of the federal and imperial ideas. With- jako część idei federacyjnej i imperialnej. in them, the Slav countries were to form W ich ramach państwa słowiańskie mia- the basis for the regional integration of ły stanowić podstawę integracji regional- states between imperialist Germany and nej państw położonych między imperia- the USSR and the Baltic, Black and Adriat- listycznymi Niemcami i ZSRR oraz Mo- ic Sea.
    [Show full text]
  • Kresy Zachodnie Miejsce Galicji Wschodniej I Wołynia W Państwie Ukraińskim
    43 KRESY ZACHODNIE MIEJSCE GALICJI WSCHODNIEJ I WOŁYNIA W PAŃSTWIE UKRAIŃSKIM Tadeusz A. Olszański NUMER 43 WARSZAWA LIPIEC 2013 KRESY ZACHODNIE MIEJSCE GALICJI WSCHODNIEJ I WOŁYNIA W PAŃSTWIE UKRAIŃSKIM Tadeusz A. Olszański © Copyright by Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia Centre for Eastern Studies Redakcja merytoryczna Adam Eberhardt, Wojciech Konończuk Redakcja Anna Łabuszewska WSPÓŁPRACA Katarzyna Kazimierska Opracowanie graFiczne Para-Buch WYKRESY I MAPY Wojciech Mańkowski ZDJĘCIE NA OKŁADCE Agencja Shutterstock Skład GroupMedia TRANSLATION Ilona Duchnowicz CO-OPERATION Nicholas Furnival WYDAWCA Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia Centre for Eastern Studies ul. Koszykowa 6a, Warszawa Tel. + 48 /22/ 525 80 00 Fax: + 48 /22/ 525 80 40 osw.waw.pl ISBN 978-83-62936-25-0 Spis treści TEZY /5 Wstęp /9 I. Pojęcie Ukrainy Zachodniej /13 II. Zarys historii ziem zachodniej Ukrainy do roku 1946 /15 1. Ruś Czerwona / Galicja Wschodnia /15 2. Wołyń /18 III. Ukraina Zachodnia W Związku Sowieckim /21 IV. Zachodnie OBwody Ukrainy po roku 1991 /24 1. Informacje ogólne /24 2. Demografia Ukrainy Zachodniej/30 V. Ukraina Zachodnia W niepodległym państwie /33 1. Życie polityczne /35 1.1. Partie polityczne i wybory /37 1.2. Lokalne grupy oligarchiczne /40 2. Gospodarka /47 2.1. Zapaść i odrodzenie /47 2.2. Przemysł /51 2.3. Rolnictwo /53 2.4. Mała przedsiębiorczość /55 3. Zagrożenia ekologiczne /56 4. Przestępczość zorganizowana /56 VI. Ruch nacjonalistyczny /60 VII. Życie religijne /65 1. Kościół greckokatolicki /67 2. Prawosławie /70 2.1. Ukraiński Kościół Prawosławny /73 2.2. Ukraiński Kościół Prawosławny – Patriarchat Kijowski /74 2.3. Ukraiński Autokefaliczny Kościół Prawosławny /75 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Rs Ś Wp 2011-2012
    I O Ś W I O Ś B R S Ś W P 2011-2012 B M Ś • B 2013 P : Wojewódzkiego Inspektoratu Ochrony Środowiska w Białymstoku: mgr inż. Grzegorz Bok, mgr Anna Brańska, mgr inż. Anna Panasewicz, mgr inż. Anna Walicka, mgr inż. Magdalena Wiśniewska Delegatury w Łomży: mgr inż. Katarzyna Cybulska, mgr inż. Alicja Godula, mgr inż. Barbara Rydel Delegatury w Suwałkach: mgr inż. Alfred Dorochowicz, mgr inż. Agata Martyna Zega Koordynator opracowania: mgr inż. Grażyna Żyła-Pietkiewicz Redakcja merytoryczna: mgr inż. Grzegorz Bok, mgr inż. Alfred Dorochowicz, mgr inż. Alicja Godula Fot. na okładce: Klasztor nad jeziorem Wigry (fot. A. Zega) W opracowaniu wykorzystano dane oraz opracowania: Państwowego Monitoringu Środowiska Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego Urzędu Marszałkowskiego Województwa Podlaskiego Instytutu Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej Oddział we Wrocławiu Redaktor wydania: Grzegorz Bok Korekta: zespół © Copyright by Wojewódzki Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska w Białymstoku, Białystok 2013 ISSN 1898-5432 Druk: Wydawnictwo i Drukarnia LIBRA S.C. ul. Mickiewicza 66/1 Białystok; tel. 85 732 73 20 Nakład: 1000 egz. 3 PRZEDMOWA Środowisko nieustannie stawia przez nami wyzwania – cele służące poprawie jego stanu lub zachowania dotychczasowych walorów. W ostatnich latach coraz większego znaczenia nabierają działania na rzecz popra- wy jakości powietrza, która na wielu obszarach jest zła. Wobec coraz bardziej restryk- cyjnych norm, które będą obowiązywać w następnych latach, jest to ważny problem do rozwiązania dla władz województwa. Także działania
    [Show full text]
  • Puńsk Commune Puńsk Commune Emblem with St
    Puńsk commune Puńsk commune emblem with St. Peter Punsk commune is situated in north-eastern part of the Podlasie province and belongs to the Sejny county. It was erected on 1 January 1973. The neighbouring communes are: Szypliszki, Krasnopol and Sejny. The north-eastern part of Puńsk Commune neighbors with the border of Lithuania. The commune is 139 km² in area. It encompasses 33 villages. It has a population of 4521 and 80% of the people are Lithuanians. In Punsk there are around 1120 inhabitants. The Lithuanian Culture House is cultural centre, round which are concentrated all bands of song and dance in the region, it works from 1956 r. The Lithuanian Culture House organizes a lots of concerts, performances, meetings. Moreover in Puńsk is also the Lithuanian printing house, which publishes biweekly in Lithuanian language "Aušra ” as well as Lithuanian magazine for children "Aušrėle ”. In Puńsk there is also Primary Scholl, Secondary School and Self-government Kindergarden with Polish and Lithuanian language teaching and High School with Lithuanian language teaching. Lithuanian high school from over fifty years keeps traditions and culture of the institution. These traditions are created by teachers, students and their parents, thanks to what they supports the national identity of Lithuanian minority in Poland and integrates whole local community. School traditions create a lot of school events. Lithuanian cultural tradition is important element integrating local community, it is unique sight - sees attraction and dominant element in national identity this ethnic Lithuanian community. In 2007 r. took place 70 cultural events: in the Lithuanian Culture House, in skansen - heritage park, the concerts in Poland and abroad.
    [Show full text]
  • Politica De Vecinătate, Vector De Bază
    © GeoSport for Society, volume 4, no. 1/2016, pp. 37-50, Article no. 16.04.04.015 GEOSPORT FOR SOCIETY Scientific Journal founded in 2014 under aegis of University of Oradea (Romania), University of Debrecen (Hungary), University of Gdánsk (Poland) ISSN 2393-1353 Edited by Oradea University Press 1, University Street, 410087, Oradea, Romania Journal homepage: http://geosport.uoradea.ro The role of natural environment in the development of tourism in the Kashubian Lake District (on the example of Kartuzy county ) Aleksandra ZIENKIEWICZ 1* 1. Institute of Geography and Regional Studies, Pomeraian University in Słupsk, email: [email protected] * Corresponding author Article history: Received: 31.03.2016; Revised: 30.05.2016; Accepted: 01.07.2016, Available online: 06.07.2016 Abstract. The aim of this article was to present a particular role of natural environment in the development of tourism in Kashubian Lake District. In the research process there have been shown natural conditions of one of the most touristically attractive region of Polish lake districts, i.e. The Kashubian Lake District on the example of Kartuzy county. The natural resources mentioned in the study were analysed with the help of spot bonitation, thanks to which there were appointed main areas of touristic attractiveness. A supplement of the conducted research was a survey carried out among tourists spending holiday on the presented area, examining to what extent natural ressources determine the concentration of touristic traffic. Keywords: Kashubia, Kartuzy country, touristic natual attractiveness, touristic traffic Introduction Natural environment sets the possibilities of developing space and influences the level and living conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Xxi Baltic Cup 2016
    XXI BALTIC CUP 2016 BULLETIN NO. 1 Rumia-Wejherowo-Gniewowo-Młynki 12th – 15th August 2016 Organizer: UKS Siodemka Rumia ul Batorego 29, PL-84-230 Rumia, Poland e-mail : [email protected] phone: +48 663 775 755 Co-organizers: Office of the City of Rumia Pomeranian Voivodeship Wejherowo District Office of the City of Wejherowo Polish Orienteering Federation National Forests Sport & Recreation Center in Rumia Wejherowo County The date and the place: Wejherowo-Gniewowo-Młynki 12 th – 14 th August 2016 Wejherowo – 15 th August 2016 – extra sprint Office Centre Rumia, Gimnasium no. 4, 29 Batorego street Competition Centre Stage 1 Wejherowo – Majkowski Park (Amphitheater) Stage 2 and 3 Gniewowo - Młynki Detailed map of the Competition Centres and the route available on the website under the link Maps Team of chief organizers: Manager of the Competition – Benedykt Król Chief justice – Janusz Porzycz +48 502 316 364 IT service – Artur Szymerowski Course setter– Michał Motała Cartographer – Michał Motała Adviser IOF– Jerzy Antonowicz Competition Office – Barbara Niewiedziała phone: Form of the competition: Baltic Cup - individual, total results after 3 stages; Extra Sprint – individual, additional race. Preliminary program : The complete program will be available in the bulletin no. 2 and on the website E1 – Fri 12.08.2016 – Baltic Cup Stage 1 – 15:30 middle E2 – Sat 13.08.2016 – Baltic Cup Stage 2 – 09:30 long (shortened to 70%) E3 – Sun 14.08.2016 – Baltic Cup Stage 3 – 09:30 long Extra Sprint – Mon 15.08.2016 – 10:00 sprint XXI Puchar Bałtyku Rumia-Wejherowo-Gniewowo-Młynki 2016 2 Terrain description: Typical morain terrain, mostly good and very good runability.
    [Show full text]
  • Polish Battles and Campaigns in 13Th–19Th Centuries
    POLISH BATTLES AND CAMPAIGNS IN 13TH–19TH CENTURIES WOJSKOWE CENTRUM EDUKACJI OBYWATELSKIEJ IM. PŁK. DYPL. MARIANA PORWITA 2016 POLISH BATTLES AND CAMPAIGNS IN 13TH–19TH CENTURIES WOJSKOWE CENTRUM EDUKACJI OBYWATELSKIEJ IM. PŁK. DYPL. MARIANA PORWITA 2016 Scientific editors: Ph. D. Grzegorz Jasiński, Prof. Wojciech Włodarkiewicz Reviewers: Ph. D. hab. Marek Dutkiewicz, Ph. D. hab. Halina Łach Scientific Council: Prof. Piotr Matusak – chairman Prof. Tadeusz Panecki – vice-chairman Prof. Adam Dobroński Ph. D. Janusz Gmitruk Prof. Danuta Kisielewicz Prof. Antoni Komorowski Col. Prof. Dariusz S. Kozerawski Prof. Mirosław Nagielski Prof. Zbigniew Pilarczyk Ph. D. hab. Dariusz Radziwiłłowicz Prof. Waldemar Rezmer Ph. D. hab. Aleksandra Skrabacz Prof. Wojciech Włodarkiewicz Prof. Lech Wyszczelski Sketch maps: Jan Rutkowski Design and layout: Janusz Świnarski Front cover: Battle against Theutonic Knights, XVI century drawing from Marcin Bielski’s Kronika Polski Translation: Summalinguæ © Copyright by Wojskowe Centrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej im. płk. dypl. Mariana Porwita, 2016 © Copyright by Stowarzyszenie Historyków Wojskowości, 2016 ISBN 978-83-65409-12-6 Publisher: Wojskowe Centrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej im. płk. dypl. Mariana Porwita Stowarzyszenie Historyków Wojskowości Contents 7 Introduction Karol Olejnik 9 The Mongol Invasion of Poland in 1241 and the battle of Legnica Karol Olejnik 17 ‘The Great War’ of 1409–1410 and the Battle of Grunwald Zbigniew Grabowski 29 The Battle of Ukmergė, the 1st of September 1435 Marek Plewczyński 41 The
    [Show full text]
  • Piaśnica a Scene of German Crimes in Pomerania in 1939
    Piaśnica A scene of German crimes in Pomerania in 1939 Introduction by Monika Tomkiewicz PhD, historian and member of the Regional Commission for Investigation of Crimes Against the Polish Nation in Gdańsk Scientific consultation Prof. dr hab. Bogdan Chrzanowski Text edited by Janosz Józefczyk Mirosław Odyniecki Correction of texts by Mateusz Ihnatowicz, PhD Jacek Pudliszewski, PhD Biographical notes written by Mateusz Ihnatowicz, PhD Cover design by Karol Formela First edition The Stutthof Museum in Sztutowo Wejherowo 2017 ISBN 978-83-946986-5-2 Published by: The Stutthof Museum in Sztutowo for the Branch Office: The Piaśnica Museum in Wejherowo (in organisation) 11/2 Św. Jacka St., 84-200 Wejherowo phone/fax: +48 58 736 11 11 e-mail: [email protected] www.muzeumpiasnickie.pl Table of Contents Introduction. Massacre in Piaśnica ................................................. 4 Piaśnica ......................................................................................... 11 Main Memorial ............................................................................. 13 Crossroads – “Pensive Christ” ...................................................... 14 Grave No. 4 ................................................................................... 15 Grave No. 1 ................................................................................... 16 Grave No. 2 ................................................................................... 17 Monument to Leon Najman – Mirza Kryczyński ......................... 18 Memorial
    [Show full text]