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Understanding Oceania: Celebrating the University of the South Pacific

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Understanding Oceania: Celebrating the University of the South Pacific UNDERSTANDING OCEANIA CELEBRATING THE UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC AND ITS COLLABORATION WITH THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY UNDERSTANDING OCEANIA CELEBRATING THE UNIVERSITY OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC AND ITS COLLABORATION WITH THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY EDITED BY STEWART FIRTH AND VIJAY NAIDU PACIFIC SERIES Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] Available to download for free at press.anu.edu.au ISBN (print): 9781760462888 ISBN (online): 9781760462895 WorldCat (print): 1101142803 WorldCat (online): 1101180975 DOI: 10.22459/UO.2019 This title is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The full licence terms are available at creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Cover design and layout by ANU Press This edition © 2019 ANU Press Contents Acknowledgements . vii Acronyms . ix Contributors . xiii 1 . Themes . 1 Stewart Firth 2 . A Commentary on the 50-Year History of the University of the South Pacific . 11 Vijay Naidu 3 . The Road from Laucala Bay . 35 Brij V . Lal Part 1: Balancing Tradition and Modernity 4 . Change in Land Use and Villages—Fiji: 1958–1983 . 59 R . Gerard Ward 5 . Matai Titles and Modern Corruption in Samoa: Costs, Expectations and Consequences for Families and Society . 77 Morgan Tuimalealiʻifano 6 . Making Room for Magic in Intellectual Property Policy . 91 Miranda Forsyth Part 2: Politics and Political Economy 7 . Postcolonial Political Institutions in the South Pacific Islands: A Survey . 127 Jon Fraenkel 8 . Neo-Liberalism and the Disciplining of Pacific Island States —the Dual Challenges of a Global Economic Creed and a Changed Geopolitical Order . 153 Claire Slatter 9 . Defending the Inheritance: The SDL and the 2006 Election . 179 Alumita Durutalo Part 3: Reimagining 10 . Re-Presenting Melanesia: Ignoble Savages and Melanesian Alter-Natives . .. 193 Tarcisius Kabutaulaka 11 . Man versus Myth: The Life and Times of Ratu Sukuna . 229 Steven Ratuva 12 . All Saints’ Primary, Labasa . 245 Christine Weir Part 4: Rethinking Development 13 . Development Assistance Challenges . 259 Vijay Naidu 14 . Breaking Fiji’s Coup Culture through Effective Rural Development . 287 Joeli Veitayaki 15 . Urban Land in Solomon Islands: Powers of Exclusion and Counter-Exclusion . 311 Joseph D . Foukona and Matthew G . Allen Part 5: Into the Future 16 . The Ocean in Us . 341 Epeli Hauʻofa 17 . The ‘New Pacific Diplomacy’: An Introduction . 361 Sandra Tarte and Greg Fry 18 . Niu Mana, Sport, Media and the Australian Diaspora . 381 Katerina Martina Teaiwa Afterword . 405 Stewart Firth Acknowledgements Books are the work of many people and this one is no different. The editors owe an enormous debt of gratitude to Kathryn Skorkiewicz in the Department of Pacific Affairs at The Australian National University (ANU). Kathryn was responsible for organising the copyediting, checking the permissions and for making a reality of one reviewer’s suggestion— one we accepted—that we not only provide biographical information about contributors but also give them the opportunity to describe their personal academic journey at the University of the South Pacific (USP) and ANU. We would also like to thank the copyeditors Cathy Johnstone and Sarah Jost for their careful work in rendering the collection publishable on a number of platforms by ANU Press. And we pay tribute to Emily Hazlewood at ANU Press for seeing our collection through to publication with her characteristic high standards and attention to detail. Finally, this collection would not have been published without the financial support of the Department of Pacific Affairs through the Australian Government’s Pacific Research Program and the personal support of Nicole Haley, Program Convenor. vii Acronyms ACP African, Caribbean and Pacific ADB Asian Development Bank AIDAB Australian International Development Assistance Bureau AKA Aelon Kein Ad AOSIS Alliance of Small Island States APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation AusAID Australian Agency for International Development AV alternative vote CAMV Conservative Alliance–Matanitu Vanua CCF Citizens’ Constitutional Forum CDF Commodity Development Framework CIS Centre for Independent Studies DAWN Development Alternatives with Women for a New Era DECRA Discovery Early Career Researcher Award DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade DWFN distant water fishing nation ECP Enhanced Cooperation Programme EIMCOL Equity Investment Management Company Limited FDB Fiji Development Bank FFA Forum Fisheries Agency FLNKS Front de Libération Nationale Kanak et Socialiste FLP Fiji Labour Party FSM Federated States of Micronesia GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services ix Understanding OCEANIA GNI gross national income HRPP Human Rights Protection Party IAS Institute of Applied Sciences ICT information and communications technology IGC Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore IMR Institute of Marine Resources IOE Institute of Education IPR intellectual property rights IPS Institute of Pacific Studies IRETA Institute of Research, Extension and Training in Agriculture JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency MIRAB migration, remittances, aid and bureaucracy MSG Melanesian Spearhead Group NCDS National Centre for Development Studies NFL National Football League NGO non-government organisation NRL National Rugby League NSC National Sports Council NZAID New Zealand Agency for International Development NZMFAT New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade ODA official development assistance ODT Oceania Dance Theatre PACER Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations PaCE-SD Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development Pacific TAFE Pacific Technical and Further Education PacLII Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute PANG Pacific Network on Globalisation PIAS-DG Pacific Institute of Advanced Studies in Governance and Development x ACRONYMS PICs Pacific Island countries PICTA Pacific Island Countries Trade Agreement PIDF Pacific Islands Development Forum PIF Pacific Islands Forum PNA Parties to the Nauru Agreement PR proportional representation PSIDS Pacific Small Island Developing States Group RAMSI Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands RNZAF Royal New Zealand Air Force RPCR Rassemblement pour la Calédonie dans la République SDL Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua SGDIA School of Government, Development and International Affairs SNTV single non-transferable vote SVT Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei THA temporary housing area TOL temporary occupation licence UDP United Democratic Party UNDP United Nations Development Program VLV Veitokani ni Lewenivanua Vakarisito VP Vanua‘aku Pati WHO World Health Organization WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WTO World Trade Organization xi Contributors Matthew G. Allen is a professor of Development Studies at the University of the South Pacific. He is a human geographer with over 20 years’ experience working in the Melanesian Pacific. His diverse research interests include natural resource governance, rural development, state– society relations, and peace, conflict and development. In addition to his scholarly research, Matthew has undertaken advisory work for the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, AusAID/DFAT and the government of Solomon Islands. He previously held a number of academic appointments at The Australian National University (ANU) and was an Australian Research Council DECRA Fellow from 2014 to 2017. Matthew has published several books and around 50 peer-reviewed articles, chapters and reports. His most recent book is Resource Extraction and Contentious States (Palgrave Macmillan, 2018). Alumita Durutalo (25 January 1960 – 8 October 2018) was the coordinator of the Pacific Studies Programme at Te Tumu, School of Māori, Pacific and Indigenous Studies at the University of Otago. She was a graduate of the University of the South Pacific (USP) and The Australian National University (ANU). She taught Politics at USP 1997 to 2001, gained her PhD from ANU in 2006, and returned to USP to become Acting Director in Politics in the Diplomacy and International Affairs Programme. From 2006 to 2009, she was a Commissioner on the Fiji Public Service Commission. She was the author of a number of publications on Pacific Islands politics and her research interests included political parties, foreign policy, elections and democratisation in the Pacific Islands states; indigenous leadership and development in the Pacific Islands; and indigenous languages, culture and identity amongst Pacific Islands migrants in the First World. She possessed a dignity, empathy, generosity and modesty that is much missed. xiii Understanding OCEANIA Stewart Firth is a research fellow at the Department of Pacific Affairs, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University (ANU). He was a professor of politics at the University of the South Pacific, Suva, 1998 to 2004 and greatly enjoyed the experience. He co-edited From Election to Coup in Fiji: The 2006 Campaign and Its Aftermath (2007), Politics and State-Building in Solomon Islands (2008), and The 2006 Military Takeover in Fiji: A Coup to End All Coups? (2009), all published by ANU E Press. He is the author of Australia in International Politics: An Introduction to Australian Foreign Policy, 3rd edn (Allen & Unwin, 2011). He is chair of the Pacific Editorial Board for ANU Press, and he co-teaches an
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